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Tong Z, Zhang H, Yu J, Jia X, Hou X, Kong Z. Spatial-temporal evolution of overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents from 2016 to 2020. iScience 2024; 27:108742. [PMID: 38230263 PMCID: PMC10790006 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the spatial-temporal evolution of overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents aged 14-17. Data from five national surveys conducted between 2016 and 2020 were analyzed to determine distribution patterns and trends. Results showed that overweight and obesity exhibit spatial clustering, with greater severity in the north and less severity in the south. The issue has spread from the northeast to the southwest of Mainland China. Using a local autocorrelation model, the regions were divided into a northern disease cold spot area (Inner Mongolia) and a southern disease hot spot area (Guangxi). Over the past five years, overweight rates among Chinese adolescents have not been effectively curbed, but obesity has shown some success in control and reversal until 2019. Future efforts should focus on the spatial-temporal pattern of disease spread, targeting hotspot areas and abnormal values for regional synergy and precise prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Hoeeg D, Frohlich KL, Christensen U, Grabowski D. Mechanisms of Stigmatization in Family-Based Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Overweight and Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1590. [PMID: 37892253 PMCID: PMC10605136 DOI: 10.3390/children10101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that overweight and obesity are often accompanied by stigmatization. However, the influence of stigmatization on interventions for overweight and obesity remains unknown. Stigma may be particularly harmful to children. This study aimed to examine how stigmatization affects efforts to reduce childhood overweight and obesity through family interventions. This research was conducted in a socially disadvantaged area in Denmark. Twenty-seven families and forty professionals participated in in-depth interviews or workshops. The data were analyzed using CMO configurations from a realist evaluation and the theory of stigmatization developed by Link and Phelan. Thus, an abductive approach was employed in the analysis, with its foundation rooted in the empirical data. The study found that the mechanisms of stigmatization could 1. restrain professionals and parents from approaching the problem-thereby challenging family recruitment; 2. prevent parents from working with their children to avoid eating unhealthy food for fear of labeling the child as overweight or obese; and 3. cause children with obesity to experience a separation from other slimmer family members, leading at times to status loss, discrimination, and self-stigmatization. The study showed how the mechanisms of stigmatization may obstruct prevention and treatment of childhood obesity through family interventions. It is suggested that the concept of stigma should be incorporated into the program theories of interventions meant to reduce childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didde Hoeeg
- Department of Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Katherine L. Frohlich
- École de Santé Publique & CRESP, Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 160, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Dan Grabowski
- Department of Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
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3
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India Aldana S, Valvi D, Joshi A, Lucchini RG, Placidi D, Petrick L, Horton M, Niedzwiecki M, Colicino E. Salivary Metabolomic Signatures and Body Mass Index in Italian Adolescents: A Pilot Study. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad091. [PMID: 37457847 PMCID: PMC10341611 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Obesity surveillance is scarce in adolescents, and little is known on whether salivary metabolomics data, emerging minimally invasive biomarkers, can characterize metabolic patterns associated with overweight or obesity in adolescents. Objective This pilot study aims to identify the salivary molecular signatures associated with body mass index (BMI) in Italian adolescents. Methods Saliva samples and BMI were collected in a subset of n = 74 young adolescents enrolled in the Public Health Impact of Metal Exposure study (2007-2014). A total of 217 untargeted metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Robust linear regression was used to cross-sectionally determine associations between metabolomic signatures and sex-specific BMI-for-age z-scores (z-BMI). Results Nearly 35% of the adolescents (median age: 12 years; 51% females) were either obese or overweight. A higher z-BMI was observed in males compared to females (P = .02). One nucleoside (deoxyadenosine) and 2 lipids (18:0-18:2 phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine) were negatively related to z-BMI (P < .05), whereas 2 benzenoids (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and a phthalate metabolite) were positively associated with z-BMI (P < .05). In males, several metabolites including deoxyadenosine, as well as deoxycarnitine, hyodeoxycholic acid, N-methylglutamic acid, bisphenol P, and trigonelline were downregulated, while 3 metabolites (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, theobromine/theophylline/paraxanthine, and alanine) were upregulated in relation to z-BMI (P < .05). In females, deoxyadenosine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine were negatively associated with z-BMI while deoxycarnitine and a phthalate metabolite were positively associated (P < .05). A single energy-related pathway was enriched in the identified associations in females (carnitine synthesis, P = .04). Conclusion Salivary metabolites involved in nucleotide, lipid, and energy metabolism were primarily altered in relation to BMI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anu Joshi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Aghila Rani KG, Soares NC, Rahman B, Al-Hroub HM, Semreen MH, Al Kawas S. Effects of medwakh smoking on salivary metabolomics and its association with altered oral redox homeostasis among youth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1870. [PMID: 36725974 PMCID: PMC9891755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of alternative tobacco products, particularly medwakh, has expanded among youth in the Middle East and around the world. The present study is conducted to investigate the biochemical and pathophysiological changes caused by medwakh smoking, and to examine the salivary metabolomics profile of medwakh smokers. Saliva samples were collected from 30 non-smokers and 30 medwakh smokers and subjected to metabolomic analysis by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. The CRP and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 activity levels in the study samples were quantified by ELISA and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by TAC assay kits. Statistical measurements and thorough validation of data obtained from untargeted metabolomics identified 37 uniquely and differentially abundant metabolites in saliva of medwakh smokers. The levels of phthalate, L-sorbose, cytosine, uridine, alpha-hydroxy hippurate, and L-nicotine were noticeably high in medwakh smokers. Likewise, 20 metabolic pathways were differentially altered in medwakh smokers. This study identified a distinctive saliva metabolomics profile in medwakh smokers associated with altered redox homeostasis, metabolic pathways, antioxidant system, and CRP levels. The impact of the altered metabolites in medwakh smokers and their diagnostic utility require further research in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Aghila Rani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Betul Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamza M Al-Hroub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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5
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Delbosq S, Velasco V, Vercesi C, Vecchio LP. Adolescents' Nutrition: The Role of Health Literacy, Family and Socio-Demographic Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15719. [PMID: 36497794 PMCID: PMC9736019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity rates are increasing on an epidemic level and food intake is one of the most important causes of this condition. From an ecological perspective, food intake is, in turn, influenced by many factors that need to be considered. This study aims to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic factors (gender, family origin, socio-economic status, parent's education level), which consist of social stratifiers, health literacy and family context, as independent variables, and food intake (consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks and sweets and breakfast frequency) and outcomes (Body Mass Index category), as dependent variables. Data were retrieved from 2145 students (13 and 15 years old) from the Lombardy region (Italy) who participated in the 2018 edition of Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Six multiple binary logistic regression models were used in this study. Fruit, vegetable and soft drinks consumption models were related to all three-factor levels. Breakfast consumption frequency was associated with socio-demographic variables. BMI category was associated with socio-demographic and family variables. The results confirmed the existence of social inequalities, the importance of health literacy in predicting healthy behaviours and the relevance of the family context. The study confirms the importance of the ecological approach to understanding food intake and overweight/obesity status in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delbosq
- Psychology Department, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Velasco
- Psychology Department, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vercesi
- Psychology Department, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
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6
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Sun J, Wang C, Zhao M, Lee PMY, Xi B, Yu Y, Li J. Childhood diabetes mellitus and early-onset kidney diseases later in life: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:428. [PMID: 36348418 PMCID: PMC9641804 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The empirical evidence remains inconclusive for an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and early-onset kidney disease later in life, and little is known about the effects of DM types (i.e., type 1 diabetes [T1DM] and type 2 diabetes [T2DM]) in childhood on type-specific kidney diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association of childhood DM with overall and type-specific early-onset kidney diseases later in life. METHODS The population-based matched cohort study included 9356 individuals with DM (T1DM: 8470, T2DM: 886) diagnosed in childhood (< 18 years) who were born between 1977 and 2016, and 93,560 individuals without DM matched on sex and year of birth in Denmark. The main outcomes were overall and type-specific early-onset kidney diseases. The follow-up period of all included participants was from the date of DM diagnosis in the exposure group until the first diagnosis of kidney disease, emigration, or 31 December 2018, whichever came first. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 13 years, children with DM had a 154% increased risk of early-onset kidney diseases than children without DM (adjusted hazard ratios 2.54, 95% confidence intervals 2.38-2.72), and T1DM (2.48, 2.31-2.67) and T2DM (2.75, 2.28-3.31) showed similar results. Children with DM also had a higher risk of multiple specific kidney diseases including glomerular diseases, renal tubulo-interstitial diseases, renal failure, and urolithiasis. The risks of type-specific kidney diseases including glomerular diseases and renal failure tended to be higher for children with T2DM (glomerular diseases: 5.84, 3.69-9.24; renal failure: 14.77, 8.53-25.59) than those with T1DM (glomerular diseases: 3.14, 2.57-3.83; renal failure: 8.24, 6.66-10.20). CONCLUSIONS Children with DM had a higher increased risk of early-onset overall and specific kidney diseases later in life. Early prevention and treatment of both T1DM and T2DM in childhood may significantly reduce the risk of kidney diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Priscilla M Y Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Sonne-Holm E, Kjærgaard J, Bang LE, Køber L, Fosbøl E, Carlsen J, Winther-Jensen M. Educational differences in mortality but not in risk of recurrence following first-time pulmonary embolism: A Danish nationwide register-based study. Thromb Res 2022; 219:22-29. [PMID: 36088711 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Sonne-Holm
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Kjærgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lia E Bang
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Emil Fosbøl
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jørn Carlsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matilde Winther-Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Data, Biostatistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
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8
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Holstein BE, Andersen A, Damsgaard MT, Madsen KR, Pedersen TP. Underweight among adolescents in Denmark: prevalence, trends (1998-2018), and association of underweight with socioeconomic status. Fam Pract 2022; 39:413-419. [PMID: 34718536 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight among adolescents is an important clinical and public health issue. It is associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life-span and may reflect food poverty, unhealthy eating habits, or some underlying health conditions. OBJECTIVE To study prevalence and trends in underweight among adolescents 1998-2018, to examine social inequality in underweight, and whether social inequality changed over time. METHODS Data were derived from 6 cross-sectional school surveys from The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Denmark. The study included 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old schoolchildren in random samples of schools in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 (n = 22,177). Underweight was determined by body mass index-for-age thinness grade 2-3 (the Cole and Lobstein method). Socioeconomic status was determined using occupational social class (the Danish OSC Measurement). RESULTS The overall prevalence of underweight was 3.1% among boys and 5.3% among girls (P < 0.0001) and decreased by age (P < 0.0001) among both boys and girls. The prevalence of underweight was almost stable from 1998 to 2018. There was no observed absolute or relative social inequality in the prevalence of underweight among boys or girls. CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight in 11- to 15-year-olds was significantly higher among girls than boys. The prevalence remained stable from 1998 to 2018. There was no significant association between SES and prevalence of underweight. It is important to elucidate the underlying causes of underweight such as malnutrition, eating disorders, eating problems, loss of appetite, chronic diseases, insufficient knowledge of nutrients effects on bodily functions, and persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn E Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Andersen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Trab Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Rich Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Pagh Pedersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ebner P, Frank K, Christodoulou A, Davidou S. How are the processing and nutrient dimensions of foods interconnected? an issue of hierarchy based on three different food scores. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:770-785. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark: trends 1991-2018 and association with socioeconomic status. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:691-699. [PMID: 34529135 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic backpain among adolescents is important because the prevalence is high, above 10%, and more than 10% of all adolescents experience impacts on important day-to-day activities. Chronic backpain tracks into adulthood and is associated with several health problems. The objective was to study trends in the prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents 1991-2018, to examine the association with socioeconomic status (SES), and whether this association changed over time. The study used data from eight comparable cross-sectional school surveys of nationally representative samples of 11-15-year-olds in 1991, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018, which constitute the Danish arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The participation rate was 74.6% of the eligible study population, n = 29,952. Chronic backpain was defined as self-reported backpain daily or several days a week during the last 6 months. The prevalence of chronic backpain was 11.1%, significantly increasing from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. The OR for chronic backpain was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.10-1.31) in middle, and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.41-1.73) in low compared to high SES. Sensitivity analyses with two other cut-points for backpain frequency showed similar associations.Conclusion: Chronic backpain is common among adolescents and the prevalence increased from 1991 to 2018. The prevalence was highest in lower SES families. We recommend increased efforts to prevent chronic backpain. What is Known: • Chronic backpain among adolescents is common, has a high burden of disability, is associated with several health problems, and tracks into adulthood. What is New: • The prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents in Denmark increased from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. • The prevalence was highest among adolescents from lower SES families.
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Minakhmetova A, Pyanova E, Martynova V. Attitude to health as an indicator of basic needs satisfaction among overweight female teachers. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224801019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern conditions, the study of self-attitude and attitude to health among middle-aged overweight women is relevant in practical terms, since it is an important condition for full psychological health. This paper aims to study attitude to health as an indicator of basic needs satisfaction among overweight teachers. Body mass index, attitude to health, and satisfaction of needs were taken as the major parameters for the analysis of empirical materials. The study involved fifty female teachers aged from 31 to 34. It was revealed that the system-forming component of overweight women is “the need for safety”. The research results can be used by psychologists and fitness instructors in the development of correctional approaches, educational programs on a healthy lifestyle, training sessions, weight management programs, as well as during the consulting of female teachers.
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Blond K, Carslake D, Gjærde LK, Vistisen D, Sørensen TIA, Smith GD, Baker JL. Instrumental variable analysis using offspring BMI in childhood as an indicator of parental BMI in relation to mortality. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22408. [PMID: 34789785 PMCID: PMC8599489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood BMI shows associations with adult mortality, but these may be influenced by effects of ill health in childhood on BMI and later mortality. To avoid this, we used offspring childhood BMI as an instrumental variable (IV) for own BMI in relation to mortality and compared it with conventional associations of own childhood BMI and own mortality. We included 36,097 parent–offspring pairs with measured heights and weights from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register and register-based information on death. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using adjusted Cox regression models. For all-cause mortality, per zBMI at age 7 the conventional HR = 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04–1.09) in women and 1.02 (95%CI: 0.92–1.14) in men, whereas the IV HR = 1.23 (95%CI: 1.15–1.32) in women and 1.05 (95%CI: 0.94–1.17) in men. Per zBMI at age 13, the conventional HR = 1.11 (95%CI: 1.08–1.15) in women and 1.03 (95%CI: 0.99–1.06) in men, whereas the IV HR = 1.30 (95%CI: 1.19–1.42) in women and 1.15 (95%CI: 1.04–1.29) in men. Only conventional models showed indications of J-shaped associations. Our IV analyses suggest that there is a causal relationship between BMI and mortality that is positive at both high and low BMI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Blond
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Carslake
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Line Klingen Gjærde
- Children's Hospital Copenhagen and Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Matos SMA, Amorim LDAF, Pitanga FJG, Patrão AL, Barreto SM, Chor D, Cardoso LDO, Molina MDCB, Barreto ML, Aquino EML. Social position and anthropometric status among adults in the ELSA-Brasil study: a latent class analysis. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00168918. [PMID: 34669771 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00168918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between social position and anthropometric status in women and men Brazilian adult. This was a cross-sectional study that used baseline data collected from 2008 to 2010 for the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, in Portuguese), in the six major Brazilian state capital cities. A total of 15,105 active and retired civil servants aged from 35 to 74 years. Two latent variables were defined by latent class analysis, social position and anthropometric status. Both constructs and the analyses were separately evaluated by sex. Associations were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, self-reported skin color/race, and marital status. Around 44% of the women and 26% of the men were classified as overweight or obese. Social position tended to be lower in women (43.2%) and higher among men (40.4%). Heavier women were more likely to be black and brown-skinned, whereas slimmer women were more likely to be white. After adjustment, women's weight increased as social position decreased (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.36-1.70), whereas in men weight decreased as social position decreased (OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-0.99). Social position affected the anthropometric status of women and men differently, with body patterns also being affected by ethnicity/skin color, showing the potentiality of taking the intersectional perspective when investigating the possible social determinants of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Luísa Patrão
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
| | | | - Dora Chor
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Estela M L Aquino
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
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Three-Year Intervention Effects on Food and Beverage Intake-Results from the Quasi-Experimental Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910543. [PMID: 34639843 PMCID: PMC8507748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The diet of Danish children is often not in accordance with dietary guidelines. We aimed to evaluate changes in the intake of selected foods and beverages during a multi-component school-based physical activity intervention, and to investigate if changes were modified by socioeconomic status (SES). The study included 307 children (intervention group: 184; comparison group: 123) with information on dietary intake pre- and post-intervention as well as on SES. Linear regression models were conducted to assess the effect of the intervention on changes in dietary factors. Children from the intervention group increased their intake of whole-grain bread during the intervention (group means: 6.1 g/d (95% CI: 2.2 to 10.0) vs. 0.3 g/d (95% CI: −3.1 to 3.7) in the comparison group, p = 0.04). A significant interaction between SES and group allocation was observed to change in fruit intake (p = 0.01). Among children from low SES families, only those from the comparison group decreased their fruit intake (group means: −40.0 g/d (95% CI: −56.0 to −23.9) vs. 9.3 g/d (95% CI: −16.1 to 94) in the intervention group, p = 0.006). The present study found no convincing effect of introducing a multi-component intervention on dietary intake except a small beneficial effect on whole-grain bread consumption. However, beneficial intervention effects in fruit intake were found particularly among children from low SES families.
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Fardet A, Lebredonchel L, Rock E. Empirico-inductive and/or hypothetico-deductive methods in food science and nutrition research: which one to favor for a better global health? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2480-2493. [PMID: 34494476 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1976101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research generally follows two main methods: empirico-inductive (EI), gathering scattered, real-world qualitative/quantitative data to elaborate holistic theories, and the hypothetico-deductive (HD) approach, testing the validity of hypothesized theory in specific conditions, generally according to reductionist methodologies or designs, with the risk of over simplifying the initial complexity empirically perceived in its holistic view. However, in current food and nutrition research, new hypotheses are often elaborated from reductionist data obtained with the HD approach, and aggregated to form (ultra)reductionist theories, with no application of EI observations, limiting the applicability of these hypotheses in real life. This trend and the application of the EI method are illustrated as regards with the global health issue through the examples of food classifications/scoring, clinical studies, the definition of a sustainable diet, the "matrix effect"-related hypothesis, the concept of healthy core metabolism, and obesity prevention within the perspective of social sciences. To be efficient for producing food and nutritional data appropriable by the society, it finally appears that not only both approaches are necessary, starting with the EI method then the HD one, but also a back and forth between the two, this being not always realized, potentially leading to confusion and misunderstanding in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louis Lebredonchel
- CERREV - Centre de Recherche Risques & Vulnérabilités - EA 3918 Université de Caen Normandie MRSH, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Socioeconomic inequalities in children's weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4979. [PMID: 33654136 PMCID: PMC7925535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies exploring when social inequalities in body mass index (BMI) and its composites emerge and how these evolve with age are limited. Thus, this study explored parental income and education related inequalities in children's weight, height, weight velocity and body mass index among Norwegian children from 1 month to 8 years. The study population included 59,927 family/children pairs participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Growth was modelled using the Jenss-Bayley model and linear mixed effects analyses were conducted. Maternal and paternal educational differences in children's weight and BMI trajectories emerged during infancy, continuing to age 8 years. Parental income-related inequalities in children's weight were observed from the age of 1 month to 4 years for maternal and up to 1 year for paternal income-related differences but then disappeared. Parental income-related inequalities in child's BMI were observed from 18 months to 8 years for maternal income, and from 9 months to 8 years for paternal income-related differences. These results suggest that social inequalities in children's BMI present early in infancy and continue to 8 years of age. The inequalities sometimes differed by indicator of socioeconomic position used. Interventions to combat these inequalities early in life are, thus needed.
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Reversal of the Upward Trend of Obesity in Boys, but Not in Girls, in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041842. [PMID: 33672817 PMCID: PMC7918759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls and to estimate socioeconomic differences associated with obesity in Spain in 1997, 2007, and 2017. (2) Methods: Data were drawn from national health interview surveys. For each year of study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was measured, and these results were compared by gender (boy/girl) and socioeconomic status (low/high education). (3) Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from 1997 to 2007 but then fell in 2017 in all subgroups except in girls aged 10 to 15 years. In this group, there was a steady increase in the prevalence of both overweight (1997, 14.6%; 2007, 17.7%; 2017, 19.6%) and obesity (1.1, 3.2, and 3.7%, respectively). The decrease in prevalence of overweight in both sexes and of obesity in boys, along with the increase in prevalence of obesity in girls, was of a higher magnitude in children whose parents had a lower educational level. (4) Conclusions: The apparent turnaround in the obesity epidemic in Spain should be interpreted with caution. Children’s body weight is influenced by both gender and socioeconomic status—considerations that should be kept in mind when designing health promotion interventions.
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