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Otto GW, Kaisaki PJ, Brial F, Le Lay A, Cazier JB, Mott R, Gauguier D. Conserved properties of genetic architecture of renal and fat transcriptomes in rat models of insulin resistance. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038539. [PMID: 31213483 PMCID: PMC6679378 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To define renal molecular mechanisms that are affected by permanent hyperglycaemia and might promote phenotypes relevant to diabetic nephropathy, we carried out linkage analysis of genome-wide gene transcription in the kidneys of F2 offspring from the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model of type 2 diabetes and normoglycaemic Brown Norway (BN) rats. We mapped 2526 statistically significant expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in the cross. More than 40% of eQTLs mapped in the close vicinity of the linked transcripts, underlying possible cis-regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. We identified eQTL hotspots on chromosomes 5 and 9 regulating the expression of 80-165 genes, sex or cross direction effects, and enriched metabolic and immunological processes by segregating GK alleles. Comparative analysis with adipose tissue eQTLs in the same cross showed that 496 eQTLs, in addition to the top enriched biological pathways, are conserved in the two tissues. Extensive similarities in eQTLs mapped in the GK rat and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) suggest a common aetiology of disease phenotypes common to the two strains, including insulin resistance, which is a prominent pathophysiological feature in both GK rats and SHRs. Our data shed light on shared and tissue-specific molecular mechanisms that might underlie aetiological aspects of insulin resistance in the context of spontaneously occurring hyperglycaemia and hypertension. Summary: Kidney and fat expression QTL mapping in rat models of spontaneously occurring insulin resistance associated with either diabetes or hypertension reveals conserved gene expression regulation, suggesting shared aetiology of disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg W Otto
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Kaisaki
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Francois Brial
- University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR 1124, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Le Lay
- University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR 1124, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Centre for Computational Biology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mott
- University College London Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom .,University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR 1124, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
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Bihoreau MT, Dumas ME, Lathrop M, Gauguier D. Genomic regulation of type 2 diabetes endophenotypes: Contribution from genetic studies in the Goto-Kakizaki rat. Biochimie 2017; 143:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Transcriptome Profiling in Rat Inbred Strains and Experimental Cross Reveals Discrepant Genetic Architecture of Genome-Wide Gene Expression. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3671-3683. [PMID: 27646706 PMCID: PMC5100866 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To test the impact of genetic heterogeneity on cis- and trans-mediated mechanisms of gene expression regulation, we profiled the transcriptome of adipose tissue in 20 inbred congenic strains derived from diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and Brown-Norway (BN) controls, which contain well-defined blocks (1-183 Mb) of genetic polymorphisms, and in 123 genetically heterogeneous rats of an (GK × BN)F2 offspring. Within each congenic we identified 73-1351 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), only 7.7% of which mapped within the congenic blocks, and which may be regulated in cis The remainder localized outside the blocks, and therefore must be regulated in trans Most trans-regulated genes exhibited approximately twofold expression changes, consistent with monoallelic expression. Altered biological pathways were replicated between congenic strains sharing blocks of genetic polymorphisms, but polymorphisms at different loci also had redundant effects on transcription of common distant genes and pathways. We mapped 2735 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in the F2 cross, including 26% predominantly cis-regulated genes, which validated DEGs in congenic strains. A hotspot of >300 eQTL in a 10 cM region of chromosome 1 was enriched in DEGs in a congenic strain. However, many DEGs among GK, BN and congenic strains did not replicate as eQTL in F2 hybrids, demonstrating distinct mechanisms of gene expression when alleles segregate in an outbred population or are fixed homozygous across the entire genome or in short genomic regions. Our analysis provides conceptual advances in our understanding of the complex architecture of genome expression and pathway regulation, and suggests a prominent impact of epistasis and monoallelic expression on gene transcription.
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Dumas ME, Domange C, Calderari S, Martínez AR, Ayala R, Wilder SP, Suárez-Zamorano N, Collins SC, Wallis RH, Gu Q, Wang Y, Hue C, Otto GW, Argoud K, Navratil V, Mitchell SC, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Cazier JB, Nicholson JK, Gauguier D. Topological analysis of metabolic networks integrating co-segregating transcriptomes and metabolomes in type 2 diabetic rat congenic series. Genome Med 2016; 8:101. [PMID: 27716393 PMCID: PMC5045612 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic regulation of metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes) in type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs through complex organ-specific cellular mechanisms and networks contributing to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Genome-wide gene expression profiling systems can dissect the genetic contributions to metabolome and transcriptome regulations. The integrative analysis of multiple gene expression traits and metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes) together with their underlying genetic regulation remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a systems genetics approach based on the topological analysis of a combined molecular network made of genes and metabolites identified through expression and metabotype quantitative trait locus mapping (i.e., eQTL and mQTL) to prioritise biological characterisation of candidate genes and traits. Methods We used systematic metabotyping by 1H NMR spectroscopy and genome-wide gene expression in white adipose tissue to map molecular phenotypes to genomic blocks associated with obesity and insulin secretion in a series of rat congenic strains derived from spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and normoglycemic Brown-Norway (BN) rats. We implemented a network biology strategy approach to visualize the shortest paths between metabolites and genes significantly associated with each genomic block. Results Despite strong genomic similarities (95–99 %) among congenics, each strain exhibited specific patterns of gene expression and metabotypes, reflecting the metabolic consequences of series of linked genetic polymorphisms in the congenic intervals. We subsequently used the congenic panel to map quantitative trait loci underlying specific mQTLs and genome-wide eQTLs. Variation in key metabolites like glucose, succinate, lactate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate and second messenger precursors like inositol was associated with several independent genomic intervals, indicating functional redundancy in these regions. To navigate through the complexity of these association networks we mapped candidate genes and metabolites onto metabolic pathways and implemented a shortest path strategy to highlight potential mechanistic links between metabolites and transcripts at colocalized mQTLs and eQTLs. Minimizing the shortest path length drove prioritization of biological validations by gene silencing. Conclusions These results underline the importance of network-based integration of multilevel systems genetics datasets to improve understanding of the genetic architecture of metabotype and transcriptomic regulation and to characterize novel functional roles for genes determining tissue-specific metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0352-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France. .,Metabometrix Ltd, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, UK.
| | - Céline Domange
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France.,UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Sophie Calderari
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Andrea Rodríguez Martínez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rafael Ayala
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steven P Wilder
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nicolas Suárez-Zamorano
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Stephan C Collins
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robert H Wallis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Quan Gu
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yulan Wang
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Christophe Hue
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Georg W Otto
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Karène Argoud
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vincent Navratil
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | | | - John C Lindon
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Haworth Building, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France. .,The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Kaisaki PJ, Otto GW, McGouran JF, Toubal A, Argoud K, Waller-Evans H, Finlay C, Caldérari S, Bihoreau MT, Kessler BM, Gauguier D, Mott R. Genetic control of differential acetylation in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94555. [PMID: 24743600 PMCID: PMC3990556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational protein modifications such as acetylation have significant regulatory roles in metabolic processes, but their relationship to both variation in gene expression and DNA sequence is unclear. We address this question in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat inbred strain, a model of polygenic type 2 diabetes. Expression of the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-3 is down-regulated in GK rats compared to normoglycemic Brown Norway (BN) rats. We show first that a promoter SNP causes down-regulation of Sirtuin-3 expression in GK rats. We then use mass-spectrometry to identify proteome-wide differential lysine acetylation of putative Sirtuin-3 protein targets in livers of GK and BN rats. These include many proteins in pathways connected to diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We finally sequence GK and BN liver transcriptomes and find that mRNA expression of these targets does not differ significantly between GK and BN rats, in contrast to other components of the same pathways. We conclude that physiological differences between GK and BN rats are mediated by a combination of differential protein acetylation and gene transcription and that genetic variation can modulate acetylation independently of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Kaisaki
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Georg W. Otto
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna F. McGouran
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amine Toubal
- INSERM, U872, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre & Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Karène Argoud
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Finlay
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Caldérari
- INSERM, U872, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre & Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- INSERM, U872, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre & Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Richard Mott
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Sustained delivery of IL-1Ra from PF127-gel reduces hyperglycemia in diabetic GK-rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55925. [PMID: 23409091 PMCID: PMC3568082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is a major cause for induction of various inflammatory mechanisms that are decisively involved to provoke pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory antagonist of IL-1β has been recently approved for treatment of T2DM but due to its short half-life, higher doses and frequent dosing intervals are required. Pluronic F-127 (PF127) has previously shown to prolong the release of various proteinous drugs and their serum half-lives. Subsequently, in our previous work, we developed a new dosage form of IL-1Ra using PF127 and investigated its in-vitro and in-vivo effects. Here in present work, we have extended this approach using diabetic Goto-kakizaki (GK) rats. We administered IL-1Ra loaded in PF127 gel subcutaneously for one month into GK rats. IL-1Ra loaded in PF127 gel exhibited a sustained and prolonged hypoglycemic effects on treated animals. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) results showed that IL-1Ra loaded in PF127 gel increased glucose tolerance along with increased insulin sensitivity and β-cell’s secretory function in treated rats. Moreover, significant reduction in pro-insulin/insulin ratio, lipid profiles and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were also observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed slight macrophages infiltration in pancreatic islets. Histochemical analysis revealed no PF127-induced alteration in the normal physiology of skin and kidney of treated animals. Hence, we concluded that IL-1Ra loaded in PF127 gel has potential to exhibit broad spectrum anti-inflammatory effects alleviating the symptoms of T2DM.
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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist improves normoglycemia and insulin sensitivity in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki-rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Portha B, Giroix MH, Tourrel-Cuzin C, Le-Stunff H, Movassat J. The GK rat: a prototype for the study of non-overweight type 2 diabetes. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2012; 933:125-59. [PMID: 22893405 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-068-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) arises when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin to cope with the metabolic demand because of β-cell secretory dysfunction and/or decreased β-cell mass. Defining the nature of the pancreatic islet defects present in T2D has been difficult, in part because human islets are inaccessible for direct study. This review is aimed to illustrate to what extent the Goto Kakizaki rat, one of the best characterized animal models of spontaneous T2D, has proved to be a valuable tool offering sufficient commonalities to study this aspect. A comprehensive compendium of the multiple functional GK abnormalities so far identified is proposed in this perspective, together with their time-course and interactions. A special focus is given toward the pathogenesis of defective β-cell number and function in the GK model. It is proposed that the development of T2D in the GK model results from the complex interaction of multiple events: (1) several susceptibility loci containing genes responsible for some diabetic traits; (2) gestational metabolic impairment inducing an epigenetic programming of the offspring pancreas and the major insulin target tissues; and (3) environmentally induced loss of β-cell differentiation due to chronic exposure to hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Portha
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS EAC 4413, Paris, France.
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Giroix MH, Irminger JC, Lacraz G, Noll C, Calderari S, Ehses JA, Coulaud J, Cornut M, Kassis N, Schmidlin F, Paul JL, Kergoat M, Janel N, Halban PA, Homo-Delarche F. Hypercholesterolaemia, signs of islet microangiopathy and altered angiogenesis precede onset of type 2 diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2451-62. [PMID: 21744291 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The adult non-obese Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model of type 2 diabetes, particularly females, carries in addition to hyperglycaemia a genetic predisposition towards dyslipidaemia, including hypercholesterolaemia. As cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis may be programmed in utero, we looked for signs of perinatal lipid alterations and islet microangiopathy. We hypothesise that such alterations contribute towards defective pancreas/islet vascularisation that might, in turn, lead to decreased beta cell mass. Accordingly, we also evaluated islet inflammation and endothelial activation in both prediabetic and diabetic animals. METHODS Blood, liver and pancreas were collected from embryonic day (E)21 fetuses, 7-day-old prediabetic neonates and 2.5-month-old diabetic GK rats and Wistar controls for analysis/quantification of: (1) systemic variables, particularly lipids; (2) cholesterol-linked hepatic enzyme mRNA expression and/or activity; (3) pancreas (fetuses) or collagenase-isolated islet (neonates/adults) gene expression using Oligo GEArray microarrays targeted at rat endothelium, cardiovascular disease biomarkers and angiogenesis, and/or RT-PCR; and (4) pancreas endothelial immunochemistry: nestin (fetuses) or von Willebrand factor (neonates). RESULTS Systemic and hepatic cholesterol anomalies already exist in GK fetuses and neonates. Hyperglycaemic GK fetuses exhibit a similar percentage decrease in total pancreas and islet vascularisation and beta cell mass. Normoglycaemic GK neonates show systemic inflammation, signs of islet pre-microangiopathy, disturbed angiogenesis, collapsed vascularisation and altered pancreas development. Concomitantly, GK neonates exhibit elevated defence mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest an autoinflammatory disease, triggered by in utero programming of cholesterol-induced islet microangiopathy interacting with chronic hyperglycaemia in GK rats. During the perinatal period, GK rats show also a marked deficient islet vascularisation in conjunction with decreased beta cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Giroix
- Laboratoire B2PE, Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative-EAC CNRS 4413, Université Paris-Diderot, Bâtiment Lamarck, Case 7104, 5 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Finlay C, Argoud K, Wilder SP, Ouali F, Ktorza A, Kaisaki PJ, Gauguier D. Chromosomal mapping of pancreatic islet morphological features and regulatory hormones in the spontaneously diabetic (Type 2) Goto-Kakizaki rat. Mamm Genome 2010; 21:499-508. [PMID: 20878524 PMCID: PMC2974204 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and altered endocrine pancreas function are central pathophysiological features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a model of spontaneous T2DM characterised by reduced beta cell mass and genetically determined glucose intolerance and altered insulin secretion. To identify genetic determinants of endocrine pancreas histopathology, we carried out quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of histological phenotypes (beta cell mass -BCM and insulin-positive cell area -IPCA) and plasma concentration of hormones and growth factors in a F2 cohort derived from GK and normoglycemic Brown Norway rats. Although IPCA and BCM in the duodenal region of the pancreas were highly positively correlated (P < 10−6), and similarly in the splenic region, both measures were poorly correlated when comparing duodenal and splenic phenotypes. Strongest evidence of linkage to pancreas morphological traits was obtained between BCM and chromosome 10 (LOD 3.2). Evidence of significant linkage (LOD 4.2) to plasma corticosterone was detected in a region of chromosome 1 distal to other QTLs previously identified in the GK. Male-specific genetic effects were detected, including linkages (LOD > 4) to growth hormome (GH) on chromosome 6 and prolactin on chromosome 17. These data suggest independent genetic control of the structure and function of ontologically different regions of the endocrine pancreas. Novel QTLs for corticosterone, prolactin and GH may contribute to diabetes in the GK. The QTLs that we have identified in this, and previous genetic studies collectively underline the complex and multiple mechanisms involved in diabetes in the GK strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Finlay
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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Herrera BM, Lockstone HE, Taylor JM, Ria M, Barrett A, Collins S, Kaisaki P, Argoud K, Fernandez C, Travers ME, Grew JP, Randall JC, Gloyn AL, Gauguier D, McCarthy MI, Lindgren CM. Global microRNA expression profiles in insulin target tissues in a spontaneous rat model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1099-109. [PMID: 20198361 PMCID: PMC2860560 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MicroRNAs regulate a broad range of biological mechanisms. To investigate the relationship between microRNA expression and type 2 diabetes, we compared global microRNA expression in insulin target tissues from three inbred rat strains that differ in diabetes susceptibility. METHODS Using microarrays, we measured the expression of 283 microRNAs in adipose, liver and muscle tissue from hyperglycaemic (Goto-Kakizaki), intermediate glycaemic (Wistar Kyoto) and normoglycaemic (Brown Norway) rats (n = 5 for each strain). Expression was compared across strains and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, microRNA expression variation in adipose tissue was investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to hyperglycaemic conditions. RESULTS We found 29 significantly differentiated microRNAs (p(adjusted) < 0.05): nine in adipose tissue, 18 in liver and two in muscle. Of these, five microRNAs had expression patterns that correlated with the strain-specific glycaemic phenotype. MiR-222 (p(adjusted) = 0.0005) and miR-27a (p(adjusted) = 0.006) were upregulated in adipose tissue; miR-195 (p(adjusted) = 0.006) and miR-103 (p(adjusted) = 0.04) were upregulated in liver; and miR-10b (p(adjusted) = 0.004) was downregulated in muscle. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to increased glucose concentration upregulated the expression of miR-222 (p = 0.008), miR-27a (p = 0.02) and the previously reported miR-29a (p = 0.02). Predicted target genes of these differentially expressed microRNAs are involved in pathways relevant to type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION The expression patterns of miR-222, miR-27a, miR-195, miR-103 and miR-10b varied with hyperglycaemia, suggesting a role for these microRNAs in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as modelled by the Gyoto-Kakizaki rat. We observed similar patterns of expression of miR-222, miR-27a and miR-29a in adipocytes as a response to increased glucose levels, which supports our hypothesis that altered expression of microRNAs accompanies primary events related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Herrera
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - H. E. Lockstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - J. M. Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - M. Ria
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - A. Barrett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Collins
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Kaisaki
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - K. Argoud
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - C. Fernandez
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - M. E. Travers
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J. P. Grew
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J. C. Randall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - A. L. Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Gauguier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- INSERM U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - M. I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C. M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Lacraz G, Giroix MH, Kassis N, Coulaud J, Galinier A, Noll C, Cornut M, Schmidlin F, Paul JL, Janel N, Irminger JC, Kergoat M, Portha B, Donath MY, Ehses JA, Homo-Delarche F. Islet endothelial activation and oxidative stress gene expression is reduced by IL-1Ra treatment in the type 2 diabetic GK rat. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6963. [PMID: 19742300 PMCID: PMC2737103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation followed by fibrosis is a component of islet dysfunction in both rodent and human type 2 diabetes. Because islet inflammation may originate from endothelial cells, we assessed the expression of selected genes involved in endothelial cell activation in islets from a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. We also examined islet endotheliuml/oxidative stress (OS)/inflammation-related gene expression, islet vascularization and fibrosis after treatment with the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Methodology/Principal Findings Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR on islets isolated from 10-week-old diabetic GK and control Wistar rats. Furthermore, GK rats were treated s.c twice daily with IL-1Ra (Kineret, Amgen, 100 mg/kg/day) or saline, from 4 weeks of age onwards (onset of diabetes). Four weeks later, islet gene analysis and pancreas immunochemistry were performed. Thirty-two genes were selected encoding molecules involved in endothelial cell activation, particularly fibrinolysis, vascular tone, OS, angiogenesis and also inflammation. All genes except those encoding angiotensinogen and epoxide hydrolase (that were decreased), and 12-lipoxygenase and vascular endothelial growth factor (that showed no change), were significantly up-regulated in GK islets. After IL-1Ra treatment of GK rats in vivo, most selected genes implied in endothelium/OS/immune cells/fibrosis were significantly down-regulated. IL-1Ra also improved islet vascularization, reduced fibrosis and ameliorated glycemia. Conclusions/Significance GK rat islets have increased mRNA expression of markers of early islet endothelial cell activation, possibly triggered by several metabolic factors, and also some defense mechanisms. The beneficial effect of IL-1Ra on most islet endothelial/OS/immune cells/fibrosis parameters analyzed highlights a major endothelial-related role for IL-1 in GK islet alterations. Thus, metabolically-altered islet endothelium might affect the β-cell microenvironment and contribute to progressive type 2 diabetic β-cell dysfunction in GK rats. Counteracting islet endothelial cell inflammation might be one way to ameliorate/prevent β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Lacraz
- Laboratory of Biology & Pathology of Endocrine Pancreas, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit-CNRS EA 7059, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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13
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Wallis RH, Collins SC, Kaisaki PJ, Argoud K, Wilder SP, Wallace KJ, Ria M, Ktorza A, Rorsman P, Bihoreau MT, Gauguier D. Pathophysiological, genetic and gene expression features of a novel rodent model of the cardio-metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2962. [PMID: 18698428 PMCID: PMC2500170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex etiology and pathogenesis of pathophysiological components of the cardio-metabolic syndrome have been demonstrated in humans and animal models. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have generated extensive physiological, genetic and genome-wide gene expression profiles in a congenic strain of the spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat containing a large region (110 cM, 170 Mb) of rat chromosome 1 (RNO1), which covers diabetes and obesity quantitative trait loci (QTL), introgressed onto the genetic background of the normoglycaemic Brown Norway (BN) strain. This novel disease model, which by the length of the congenic region closely mirrors the situation of a chromosome substitution strain, exhibits a wide range of abnormalities directly relevant to components of the cardio-metabolic syndrome and diabetes complications, including hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, enhanced insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and altered pancreatic and renal histological structures. Gene transcription data in kidney, liver, skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue indicate that a disproportionately high number (43-83%) of genes differentially expressed between congenic and BN rats map to the GK genomic interval targeted in the congenic strain, which represents less than 5% of the total length of the rat genome. Genotype analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strains genetically related to the GK highlights clusters of conserved and strain-specific variants in RNO1 that can assist the identification of naturally occurring variants isolated in diabetic and hypertensive strains when different phenotype selection procedures were applied. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of rat congenic models for defining the impact of genetic variants in well-characterised QTL regions on in vivo pathophysiological features and cis-/trans- regulation of gene expression. The congenic strain reported here provides a novel and sustainable model for investigating the pathogenesis and genetic basis of risks factors for the cardio-metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Wallis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan C. Collins
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J. Kaisaki
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karène Argoud
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Wilder
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karin J. Wallace
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Ria
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Ktorza
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Nutrition, CNRS UMR 7059, University of Paris 7, Paris, France
- Servier International Research Institute, Courbevoie, France
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Gauguier D, Bihoreau MT. Nouveaux outils de cartographie génétique et génomique pour les études des traits complexes chez le rat. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:545-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2008245545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Dumas ME, Wilder SP, Bihoreau MT, Barton RH, Fearnside JF, Argoud K, D'Amato L, Wallis RH, Blancher C, Keun HC, Baunsgaard D, Scott J, Sidelmann UG, Nicholson JK, Gauguier D. Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models. Nat Genet 2007; 39:666-72. [PMID: 17435758 DOI: 10.1038/ng2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the relationships between genomic and phenotypic variation is essential to understanding disease etiology. Information-dense data sets derived from pathophysiological, proteomic and transcriptomic profiling have been applied to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Metabolic traits, already used in QTL studies in plants, are essential phenotypes in mammalian genetics to define disease biomarkers. Using a complex mammalian system, here we show chromosomal mapping of untargeted plasma metabolic fingerprints derived from NMR spectroscopic analysis in a cross between diabetic and control rats. We propose candidate metabolites for the most significant QTLs. Metabolite profiling in congenic strains provided evidence of QTL replication. Linkage to a gut microbial metabolite (benzoate) can be explained by deletion of a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Mapping metabotypic QTLs provides a practical approach to understanding genome-phenotype relationships in mammals and may uncover deeper biological complexity, as extended genome (microbiome) perturbations that affect disease processes through transgenomic effects may influence QTL detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Imperial College London, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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