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Zhang M, Zhou K, Wang Z, Liu T, Stevens LE, Lynce F, Chen WY, Peng S, Xie Y, Zhai D, Chen Q, Shi Y, Shi H, Yuan Z, Li X, Xu J, Cai Z, Guo J, Shao N, Lin Y. A Subpopulation of Luminal Progenitors Secretes Pleiotrophin to Promote Angiogenesis and Metastasis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1781-1798. [PMID: 38507720 PMCID: PMC11148543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by rapidly arising diffuse erythema and edema. Genomic studies have not identified consistent alterations and mechanisms that differentiate IBC from non-IBC tumors, suggesting that the microenvironment could be a potential driver of IBC phenotypes. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplex staining, and serum analysis in patients with IBC, we identified enrichment of a subgroup of luminal progenitor (LP) cells containing high expression of the neurotropic cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN) in IBC tumors. PTN secreted by the LP cells promoted angiogenesis by directly interacting with the NRP1 receptor on endothelial tip cells located in both IBC tumors and the affected skin. NRP1 activation in tip cells led to recruitment of immature perivascular cells in the affected skin of IBC, which are correlated with increased angiogenesis and IBC metastasis. Together, these findings reveal a role for cross-talk between LPs, endothelial tip cells, and immature perivascular cells via PTN-NRP1 axis in the pathogenesis of IBC, which could lead to improved strategies for treating IBC. SIGNIFICANCE Nonmalignant luminal progenitor cells expressing pleiotrophin promote angiogenesis by activating NRP1 and induce a prometastatic tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer, providing potential therapeutic targets for this aggressive breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhou
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laura E Stevens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Y Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sui Peng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanyang Zhai
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianjun Chen
- Department of Breast Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawei Shi
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Cai
- Department of Breast Oncology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sathyan S, Milman S, Ayers E, Gao T, Verghese J, Barzilai N. Plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:938-948. [PMID: 38439214 PMCID: PMC11039368 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults. METHODS The association of abdominal obesity (waist circumference [WC]) with 4265 plasma proteins identified using the SomaScan Assay was examined in 969 Ashkenazi Jewish participants (LonGenity cohort), aged 65 years and older (mean [SD] age 75.7 [6.7] years, 55.4% women), using regression models. Pathway analysis, as well as weighted correlation network analysis, was performed. WC was determined from the proteome using elastic net regression. RESULTS A total of 480 out of 4265 proteins were associated with WC in the linear regression model. Leptin (β [SE] = 12.363 [0.490]), inhibin β C chain (INHBC; β [SE] = 24.324 [1.448]), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2; β [SE] = -12.782 [0.841]), heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 3 (H6ST3; β [SE] = -39.995 [2.729]), and matrix-remodeling-associated protein 8 (MXRA8; β [SE] = -27.101 [1.850]) were the top proteins associated with WC. Cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and IGF transport pathways were the top enriched pathways associated with WC. WC signature determined from plasma proteins was highly correlated with measured WC (r = 0.80) and was associated with various metabolic and physical traits. CONCLUSIONS The study unveiled a multifaceted plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults, offering insights into its wide-ranging impact on the proteome. It also elucidated novel proteins, clusters of correlated proteins, and pathways that are intricately associated with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanish Sathyan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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Ballesteros-Pla C, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Pizarro-Delgado J, Zuccaro A, Sevillano J, Ramos-Álvarez MP. Pleiotrophin and metabolic disorders: insights into its role in metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225150. [PMID: 37484951 PMCID: PMC10360176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine which has been for long studied at the level of the central nervous system, however few studies focus on its role in the peripheral organs. The main aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art of what is known up to date about pleiotrophin and its implications in the main metabolic organs. In summary, pleiotrophin promotes the proliferation of preadipocytes, pancreatic β cells, as well as cells during the mammary gland development. Moreover, this cytokine is important for the structural integrity of the liver and the neuromuscular junction in the skeletal muscle. From a metabolic point of view, pleiotrophin plays a key role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid as well as whole-body insulin homeostasis and favors oxidative metabolism in the skeletal muscle. All in all, this review proposes pleiotrophin as a druggable target to prevent from the development of insulin-resistance-related pathologies.
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Ganguly D, Schmidt MO, Coleman M, Ngo TVC, Sorrelle N, Dominguez AT, Murimwa GZ, Toombs JE, Lewis C, Fang YV, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D, Wellstein A, Brekken RA. Pleiotrophin drives a prometastatic immune niche in breast cancer. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220610. [PMID: 36828390 PMCID: PMC9998964 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells adapt to thrive in secondary organs. To investigate metastatic adaptation, we performed transcriptomic analysis of metastatic and non-metastatic murine breast cancer cells. We found that pleiotrophin (PTN), a neurotrophic cytokine, is a metastasis-associated factor that is expressed highly by aggressive breast cancers. Moreover, elevated PTN in plasma correlated significantly with metastasis and reduced survival of breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, we find that PTN activates NF-κB in cancer cells leading to altered cytokine production, subsequent neutrophil recruitment, and an immune suppressive microenvironment. Consequently, inhibition of PTN, pharmacologically or genetically, reduces the accumulation of tumor-associated neutrophils and reverts local immune suppression, resulting in increased T cell activation and attenuated metastasis. Furthermore, inhibition of PTN significantly enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy in reducing metastatic burden in mice. These findings establish PTN as a previously unrecognized driver of a prometastatic immune niche and thus represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Ganguly
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marcel O. Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Morgan Coleman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tuong-Vi Cindy Ngo
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noah Sorrelle
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adrian T.A. Dominguez
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gilbert Z. Murimwa
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason E. Toombs
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yisheng V. Fang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics group, Precision Medicine Theme, Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Pleiotrophin deficiency protects against high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation: Implications for brain mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant protein aggregation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113578. [PMID: 36566969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation associated with MetS may contribute significantly to neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a neurotrophic factor that modulates neuroinflammation and is a key player in regulating energy metabolism and thermogenesis, suggesting that PTN could be important in the connection between MetS and neuroinflammation. We have now used a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model in Ptn-/- mice. HFD and Ptn deletion caused alterations in circulating hormones including GIP, leptin and resistin. HFD produced in Ptn+/+ mice a neuroinflammatory state as observed in cerebral quantifications of proinflammatory markers, including Il1β, Tnfα and Ccl2. The upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers was prevented in Ptn-/- mice. Changes induced by HFD in genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics were less pronounced in the brain of Ptn-/- mice and were accompanied by significant increases in the protein expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I and IV. HFD-induced changes in genes related to the elimination of protein aggregates were also less pronounced in the brain of Ptn-/- mice. This study provides substantial evidence that Ptn deletion protects against HFD-induced neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aberrant protein aggregation, prominent features in neurodegenerative diseases.
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7
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Sevillano J, Liang A, Strutt B, Hill TG, Szlapinski S, Ramos-Álvarez MP, Hill DJ. Pleiotrophin Expression and Actions in Pancreatic β-Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:777868. [PMID: 35250852 PMCID: PMC8894601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.777868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding cytokine that is widely expressed during early development and increases in maternal circulation during pregnancy.Aged PTN-deficient mice exhibit insulin resistance, suggesting a role in metabolic control. The objectives of this study were to determine if PTN is expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells in young vs. adult animals, and its effects on DNA synthesis, β-cell gene expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The Ptn gene was expressed in isolated fractions of young mouse β-cells, especially within immature β-cells with low glucose transporter 2 expression. Expression was retained in the adult pancreas but did not significantly change during pregnancy. PTN and its receptor, phosphotyrosine phosphatase-β/ζ, were also expressed in the proliferative INS1E β-cell line. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that PTN peptide was present in islets of Langerhans in adult mice, associated predominantly with β-cells. The percentage of β-cells staining for PTN did not alter during mouse pregnancy, but intense staining was seen during β-cell regeneration in young mice following depletion of β-cells with streptozotocin. Incubation of INS1E cells with PTN resulted in an increased DNA synthesis as measured by Ki67 localization and increased expression of Pdx1 and insulin. However, both DNA synthesis and GSIS were not altered by PTN in isolated adult mouse islets. The findings show that Ptn is expressed in mouse β-cells in young and adult life and could potentially contribute to adaptive increases in β-cell mass during early life or pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aileen Liang
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Strutt
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Szlapinski
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: David J. Hill,
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Ryan EO, Jiang Z, Nguyen H, Wang X. Interactions of Pleiotrophin with a Structurally Defined Heparin Hexasaccharide. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010050. [PMID: 35053198 PMCID: PMC8773689 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent cytokine that plays an important role in neural generation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancers. Its interactions with the polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan (GAG) are crucial to PTN’s biological activities. In this study, we investigated the interaction of selectively protonated PTN with the heparin hexasaccharide ΔUA2S-(GlcNS6S-IdoA2S)2-GlcNS6S using solution NMR. The use of a structurally defined oligosaccharide and selectively protonated PTN enabled us to obtain intermolecular contacts using unfiltered NOESY experiments, significantly increasing the amount of high-resolution structural information obtainable. Our data showed that PTN’s arginines, lysines, and tryptophans in the two structured domains have strong interactions with the 2-O-sulfated uronate protons in the heparin hexasaccharide. Consistent with the NMR data is the observation that 2-O-desulfation and N-desulfation/N-acetylation significantly decreased heparin hexasaccharides’ affinity for PTN, while 6-O-desulfation only modestly affected the interactions with PTN. These results allowed us to hypothesize that PTN has a preference for sulfate clusters centered on the GlcNS6S-IdoA2S disaccharide. Using these data and the fact that PTN domains mostly bind heparin hexasaccharides independently, models of the PTN-heparin complex were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-7278256
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9
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Recio-López P, Valladolid-Acebes I, Berggren PO, Juntti-Berggren L. Apolipoprotein CIII Reduction Protects White Adipose Tissues against Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010062. [PMID: 35008488 PMCID: PMC8744831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is proinflammatory and increases in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. We have previously shown that reducing apoCIII improves insulin sensitivity in vivo by complex mechanisms involving liver and brown adipose tissue. In this study the focus was on subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) white adipose tissue (WAT). Mice were either given HFD for 14 weeks and directly from start also treated with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against apoCIII or given HFD for 10 weeks and HFD+ASO for an additional 14 weeks. Both groups had animals treated with inactive (Scr) ASO as controls and in parallel chow-fed mice were injected with saline. Preventing an increase or lowering apoCIII in the HFD-fed mice decreased adipocytes’ size, reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of genes related to thermogenesis and beiging. Isolated adipocytes from both VAT and SAT from the ASO-treated mice had normal insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis compared to cells from Scr-treated mice. In conclusion, the HFD-induced metabolic derangements in WATs can be prevented and reversed by lowering apoCIII.
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10
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Zapatería B, Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Limones M, Pizarro-Delgado J, Zuccaro A, Herradón G, Medina-Gómez G, Ramos-Álvarez MP. Deletion of pleiotrophin impairs glucose tolerance and liver metabolism in pregnant mice: Moonlighting role of glycerol kinase. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21911. [PMID: 34551152 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101181r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been demonstrated to have a critical role in regulating energy metabolism, lipid turnover and plasticity of adipose tissue. Here, we hypothesize that this cytokine can be involved in regulatory processes of glucose and lipid homeostasis in the liver during pregnancy. Using 18-days pregnant Ptn-deficient mice, we evaluated the biochemical profile (circulating variables), tissue mRNA expression (qPCR) and protein levels of key enzymes and transcription factors involved in main metabolic pathways. Ptn deletion was associated with a reduction in body weight gain, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Moreover, we observed an impairment in glucose synthesis and degradation during late pregnancy in Ptn-/- mice. Hepatic lipid content was significantly lower (73.6%) in Ptn-/- mice and was associated with a clear reduction in fatty acid, triacylglycerides and cholesterol synthesis. Ptn deletion was accompanying with a diabetogenic state in the mother and a decreased expression of key proteins involved in glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism. Moreover, Ptn-/- pregnant mice have a decreased expression of transcription factors, such as PPAR-α, regulating lipid uptake and glucose and lipid utilization. Furthermore, the augmented expression and nuclear translocation of glycerol kinase, and the decrease in NUR77 protein levels in the knock-out animals can further explain the alterations observed in hepatic glucose metabolism. Our results point out for the first time that pleiotrophin is an important player in maintaining hepatic metabolic homeostasis during late gestation, and further highlighted the moonlighting role of glycerol kinase in the regulation of maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Zapatería
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Gracia Sánchez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Limones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Agata Zuccaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
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11
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Gozalo-Marcilla M, Buntjer J, Johnsson M, Batista L, Diez F, Werner CR, Chen CY, Gorjanc G, Mellanby RJ, Hickey JM, Ros-Freixedes R. Genetic architecture and major genes for backfat thickness in pig lines of diverse genetic backgrounds. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:76. [PMID: 34551713 PMCID: PMC8459476 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Backfat thickness is an important carcass composition trait for pork production and is commonly included in swine breeding programmes. In this paper, we report the results of a large genome-wide association study for backfat thickness using data from eight lines of diverse genetic backgrounds. Methods Data comprised 275,590 pigs from eight lines with diverse genetic backgrounds (breeds included Large White, Landrace, Pietrain, Hampshire, Duroc, and synthetic lines) genotyped and imputed for 71,324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For each line, we estimated SNP associations using a univariate linear mixed model that accounted for genomic relationships. SNPs with significant associations were identified using a threshold of p < 10–6 and used to define genomic regions of interest. The proportion of genetic variance explained by a genomic region was estimated using a ridge regression model. Results We found significant associations with backfat thickness for 264 SNPs across 27 genomic regions. Six genomic regions were detected in three or more lines. The average estimate of the SNP-based heritability was 0.48, with estimates by line ranging from 0.30 to 0.58. The genomic regions jointly explained from 3.2 to 19.5% of the additive genetic variance of backfat thickness within a line. Individual genomic regions explained up to 8.0% of the additive genetic variance of backfat thickness within a line. Some of these 27 genomic regions also explained up to 1.6% of the additive genetic variance in lines for which the genomic region was not statistically significant. We identified 64 candidate genes with annotated functions that can be related to fat metabolism, including well-studied genes such as MC4R, IGF2, and LEPR, and more novel candidate genes such as DHCR7, FGF23, MEDAG, DGKI, and PTN. Conclusions Our results confirm the polygenic architecture of backfat thickness and the role of genes involved in energy homeostasis, adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and insulin signalling pathways for fat deposition in pigs. The results also suggest that several less well-understood metabolic pathways contribute to backfat development, such as those of phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D homeostasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00671-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gozalo-Marcilla
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Jaap Buntjer
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Martin Johnsson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lorena Batista
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Federico Diez
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Ching-Yi Chen
- The Pig Improvement Company, Genus plc, Hendersonville, TN, USA
| | - Gregor Gorjanc
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - John M Hickey
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Roger Ros-Freixedes
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK. .,Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida - Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain.
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12
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Zuccaro A, Zapatería B, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Haro M, Limones M, Terrados G, Izquierdo A, Corrales P, Medina-Gómez G, Herradón G, Sevillano J, Ramos-Álvarez MDP. Pleiotrophin Deficiency Induces Browning of Periovarian Adipose Tissue and Protects against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9261. [PMID: 34502170 PMCID: PMC8431550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Pleiotrophin preserves insulin sensitivity, regulates adipose tissue lipid turnover and plasticity, energy metabolism and thermogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of pleiotrophin in hepatic lipid metabolism and in the metabolic crosstalk between the liver and brown and white adipose tissue (AT) in a high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obesity mice model. (2) Methods: We analyzed circulating variables, lipid metabolism (hepatic lipid content and mRNA expression), brown AT thermogenesis (UCP-1 expression) and periovarian AT browning (brown adipocyte markers mRNA and immunodetection) in Ptn-/- mice either fed with standard-chow diet or with HFD and in their corresponding Ptn+/+ counterparts. (3) Results: HFD-Ptn-/- mice are protected against the development of HFD-induced insulin resistance, had lower liver lipid content and lower expression of the key enzymes involved in triacylglycerides and fatty acid synthesis in liver. HFD-Ptn-/- mice showed higher UCP-1 expression in brown AT. Moreover, Ptn deletion increased the expression of specific markers of brown/beige adipocytes and was associated with the immunodetection of UCP-1 enriched multilocular adipocytes in periovarian AT. (4) Conclusions: Ptn deletion protects against the development of HFD-induced insulin resistance and liver steatosis, by increasing UCP-1 expression in brown AT and promoting periovarian AT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zuccaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - Begoña Zapatería
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - María Gracia Sánchez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - María Haro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - María Limones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - Gloria Terrados
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - Adriana Izquierdo
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.I.); (P.C.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.I.); (P.C.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.I.); (P.C.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | - Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
| | - María del Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcón, Spain; (A.Z.); (B.Z.); (M.G.S.-A.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (G.T.); (M.d.P.R.-Á.)
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13
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Buggiotti L, Yurchenko AA, Yudin NS, Vander Jagt CJ, Vorobieva NV, Kusliy MA, Vasiliev SK, Rodionov AN, Boronetskaya OI, Zinovieva NA, Graphodatsky AS, Daetwyler HD, Larkin DM. Demographic History, Adaptation, and NRAP Convergent Evolution at Amino Acid Residue 100 in the World Northernmost Cattle from Siberia. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3093-3110. [PMID: 33784744 PMCID: PMC8321547 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Native cattle breeds represent an important cultural heritage. They are a reservoir of genetic variation useful for properly responding to agriculture needs in the light of ongoing climate changes. Evolutionary processes that occur in response to extreme environmental conditions could also be better understood using adapted local populations. Herein, different evolutionary histories of the world northernmost native cattle breeds from Russia were investigated. They highlighted Kholmogory as a typical taurine cattle, whereas Yakut cattle separated from European taurines approximately 5,000 years ago and contain numerous ancestral and some novel genetic variants allowing their adaptation to harsh conditions of living above the Polar Circle. Scans for selection signatures pointed to several common gene pathways related to adaptation to harsh climates in both breeds. But genes affected by selection from these pathways were mostly different. A Yakut cattle breed-specific missense mutation in a highly conserved NRAP gene represents a unique example of a young amino acid residue convergent change shared with at least 16 species of hibernating/cold-adapted mammals from six distinct phylogenetic orders. This suggests a convergent evolution event along the mammalian phylogenetic tree and fast fixation in a single isolated cattle population exposed to a harsh climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buggiotti
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey A Yurchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Yudin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nadezhda V Vorobieva
- Department of the Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya A Kusliy
- Department of the Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei K Vasiliev
- Paleometal Archeology Department, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey N Rodionov
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Oksana I Boronetskaya
- Moscow Agrarian Academy, Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander S Graphodatsky
- Department of the Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Denis M Larkin
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Reyes-Mata PM, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Carrera-Quintanar L, González-Castillo C, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Guerrero-García JDJ, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Pleiotrophin serum level is increased in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and correlates with sex, BMI and treatment. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:59-68. [PMID: 34247888 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease mainly affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS). 80% of MS patients present the Relapsing-Remitting form (RRMS). Pleiotrophin (PTN), a cytokine previously associated with other autoimmune and neurological diseases, could play a role in the pathophysiology of RRMS due to its neuro and immunomodulatory effect. However, PTN has never been explored in RRMS patients. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine PTN serum levels in patients with RRMS, treated with Glatiramer acetate (GA) or Interferon-beta (IFN-β), as well as in non-treated patients and healthy controls as a first attempt to explore PTN in RRMS. METHODS PTN serum levels were quantified by ELISA in 57 patients and 18 controls. RESULTS We demonstrated that PTN serum levels are significantly higher in RRMS patients. In IFN-β treated patients alone, PTN correlated positively with time of disease evolution and time of IFN-β use and correlated negatively with the MS severity score (MSSS). When comparing groups according to weight status, we observed that PTN is statistically increased in overweight female patients and that weight does not affect male patients. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was higher for males compared to females. CONCLUSION PTN serum level is higher in RRMS patients and that is associated with sex, BMI and IFN-β treatment. Therefore, we propose that PTN could be playing a role in MS. Further studies must be performed to identify the exact role of PTN in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina María Reyes-Mata
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Argelia Esperanza Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de los Alimentos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Mario Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - José de Jesús Guerrero-García
- Banco de Sangre Central, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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15
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Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Pizarro-Delgado J, Ramos-Álvarez MDP. Role of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs) in Insulin Signaling and Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115812. [PMID: 34071721 PMCID: PMC8198922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle in developed countries have triggered the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the latest years. Consequently, these metabolic diseases associated to insulin resistance, and the morbidity associated with them, accounts for enormous costs for the health systems. The best way to face this problem is to identify potential therapeutic targets and/or early biomarkers to help in the treatment and in the early detection. In the insulin receptor signaling cascade, the activities of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are coordinated, thus, protein tyrosine kinases amplify the insulin signaling response, whereas phosphatases are required for the regulation of the rate and duration of that response. The focus of this review is to summarize the impact of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTPs) in the insulin signaling cascade and secretion, and their implication in metabolic diseases such as obesity and T2DM.
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16
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Ryan E, Shen D, Wang X. Pleiotrophin interacts with glycosaminoglycans in a highly flexible and adaptable manner. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:925-941. [PMID: 33529353 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent mitogenic cytokine whose activities are controlled by its interactions with glycosaminoglycan (GAG). We examined the specificity of PTN for several types of GAG oligosaccharides. Our data indicate that the interaction of PTN with GAGs is dependent on the sulfation density of GAGs. Surprisingly, an acidic peptide also had similar interactions with PTN as GAGs. This shows that the interaction of PTN with anionic polymers is flexible and adaptable and that the charge density is the main determinant of the interaction. In addition, we show that PTN can compensate for the loss of its termini in interactions with heparin oligosaccharides, allowing it to maintain its affinity for GAGs in the absence of the termini. Taken together, these data provide valuable insight into the interactions of PTN with its proteoglycan receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eathen Ryan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Di Shen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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17
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Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent mitogenic cytokine with a high affinity for the polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Although it is most strongly associated with neural development during embryogenesis and the neonatal period, its expression has also been linked to a plethora of other physiological events including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, bone development, and inflammation. A considerable amount of research has been carried out to understand the mechanisms by which PTN regulates these events. In particular, PTN has now been shown to bind a diverse collection of receptors including many GAG-containing proteoglycans. These interactions lead to the activation of many intracellular kinases and, ultimately, activation and transformation of cells. Structural studies of PTN in complex with both GAG and domains from its non-proteoglycan receptors reveal a binding mechanism that relies on electrostatic interactions and points to PTN-induced receptor oligomerization as one of the possible ways PTN uses to control cellular functions.
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18
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Fang D, Shi X, Lu T, Ruan H, Gao Y. The glycoprotein follistatin-like 1 promotes brown adipose thermogenesis. Metabolism 2019; 98:16-26. [PMID: 31132382 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as a potential target to prevent or treat obesity and related metabolic diseases. BAT secretes adipokines to regulate the thermogenic program in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a glycoprotein involved in adipogenesis and obesity, however, the function of FSTL1 in BAT thermogenesis and in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis are not fully understood. METHODS Whole-body ablation Fstl1 heterozygous mice (Fstl1+/-) and its littermates control were injected with CL316,243 to assess energy balance. A series of FSTL1 overexpression and knockdown experiments were carried out to evaluate its function in regulating thermogenic gene expression in brown adipocytes. RESULTS FSTL1 expression was induced upon BAT activation during cold challenge or β3-adrenergic activation. FSTL1 haploinsufficiency in mice led to reduced thermogenic gene expression, impaired BAT recruitment, and decreased heat production. FSTL1 cell-autonomously promoted the β3-adrenergic signaling, which was required to upregulate PPARγ and UCP1 in brown adipocytes. Furthermore, only glycosylated FSTL1 could be secreted from brown adipocytes to induce the β3-adrenergic activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest FSTL1 as a novel stimulator of the β-adrenergic signaling and BAT thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haibin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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19
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Herradon G, Ramos-Alvarez MP, Gramage E. Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31031625 PMCID: PMC6474308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common factor of pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic inflammation is considered part of the pathogenic mechanisms of different disorders associated with aging. Interestingly, peripheral inflammation and the associated metabolic alterations not only facilitate insulin resistance and diabetes but also neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the identification of novel pathways, common to the development of these diseases, which modulate the immune response and signaling is key. It will provide highly relevant information to advance our knowledge of the multifactorial process of aging, and to establish new biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to counteract the underlying chronic inflammatory processes. One novel pathway that regulates peripheral and central immune responses is triggered by the cytokines pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK), which bind its receptor, Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ, and inactivate its phosphatase activity. In this review, we compile a growing body of knowledge suggesting that PTN and MK modulate the immune response and/or inflammation in different pathologies characterized by peripheral inflammation associated with insulin resistance, such as aging, and in central disorders characterized by overt neuroinflammation, such as neurodegenerative diseases and endotoxemia. Evidence strongly suggests that regulation of the PTN and MK signaling pathways may provide new therapeutic opportunities particularly in those neurological disorders characterized by increased PTN and/or MK cerebral levels and neuroinflammation. Importantly, we discuss existing therapeutics, and others being developed, that modulate these signaling pathways, and their potential use in pathologies characterized by overt neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Herradon
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Ramos-Alvarez
- Departmento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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