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Fu X, Zheng M, Su J, Xi B, Wei D, Wang X. Spatiotemporal patterns and threshold of chlorophyll-a in Lake Taihu based on microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49327-49338. [PMID: 36773259 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is considered as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass dynamically reflecting the growth of algae. Therefore, determination of Chl-a threshold is of vital importance to the health of aquatic ecosystems and drinking water security. This research is aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of Chl-a and microcystin (MC) concentrations using Geographic Information System (GIS) and identify the Chl-a threshold in Lake Taihu based on available guideline values of MCs. Nearly, the same characteristics of spatiotemporal variation of Chl-a and MCs were observed in Lake Taihu. Overall, the lakewide distributions of Chl-a and MCs were highly variable over time and space. The Chl-a concentration in the winter and spring was relatively low, and gradually increasing in summer and autumn, with the maximum concentration observed in August. But the maximum MCs concentration appeared in October, 2 months lagging behind the Chl-a. The highest annual average Chl-a and MCs concentrations were observed in Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, and Gonghu Bay in northwest of Lake Taihu, following by West Zone and Center Zone. Dongtaihu Bay, East Zone, and South Zone always present good water quality. Referring to the guideline value of MCs, the Chl-a threshold was determined as 10-15 mg·m-3 based on the linear regression correlation between Chl-a and MCs. The establishment of Chl-a threshold is useful for eutrophication control, water quality management, and drinking water utilities in developing water safety plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mingxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Daichun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Buley RP, Gladfelter MF, Fernandez-Figueroa EG, Wilson AE. Can correlational analyses help determine the drivers of microcystin occurrence in freshwater ecosystems? A meta-analysis of microcystin and associated water quality parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:493. [PMID: 35690674 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by select cyanobacteria that threatens aquatic and terrestrial organisms over a diverse range of freshwater systems. To assess the relationship between environmental parameters and MC, researchers frequently utilize correlational analyses. This statistical methodology has proved useful when summarizing complex water quality monitoring datasets, but the correlations between select parameters and MC have been documented to vary widely across studies and systems. Such variation within the peer-reviewed literature leaves uncertainty for resource managers when developing a MC monitoring program. The objective of this research is to determine if correlational analyses between environmental parameters and MC are helpful to resource managers desiring to understand the drivers of MC. Environmental (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological) and MC correlation data were retrieved from an estimated 2,643 waterbodies (largely from the north temperate region) and synthesized using a Fisher's z meta-analysis. Common water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll, temperature, and pH, were positively correlated with MC, while transparency was negatively correlated. Interestingly, 12 of the 15 studied nitrogen parameters, including total nitrogen, were not significantly correlated with MC. In contrast, three of the four studied phosphorus parameters, including total phosphorus, were positively related to MC. Results from this synthesis quantitatively reinforces the usefulness of commonly measured environmental parameters to monitor for conditions related to MC occurrence; however, correlational analyses by themselves are often ineffective and considering what role a parameter plays in the ecology of cyanobacterial blooms in addition to MC production is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley P Buley
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Matthew F Gladfelter
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Tilahun S. Exclusive partitioning of intra- and extra-cellular cyanotoxins: limitation of the conventional procedure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17427-17428. [PMID: 32144704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samson Tilahun
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Wang M, Shi W, Chen Q, Zhang J, Yi Q, Hu L. Effects of nutrient temporal variations on toxic genotype and microcystin concentration in two eutrophic lakes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:192-199. [PMID: 30269014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide due to the production of microcystin (MC), which can have detrimental effects on water quality and human health. The relations between MC-producing Microcystis, MC production, and environmental variables especially nutrient conditions in eutrophic lakes, Lake Taihu and Lake Yanghe, were investigated during the bloom season of 2015. Results showed that toxigenic cells contributed to 8.94-75.68% and 7.87-58.69% of the total Microcystis in Lake Taihu and Lake Yanghe, respectively. The dynamics of toxigenic cells and MC production were positively associated with NH3-N concentration in Lake Taihu, while positively associated with the concentrations of TP, TDP and PO4-P in Lake Yanghe, indicating that the dominant nutrient factor affecting the toxic blooms was nitrogen in Lake Taihu, whereas it was phosphorus in Lake Yanghe. The significant relationship between TLR eq (total MC after transformation of MC-RR and MC-YR into MC-LR) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration implied that Chl-a could be an alternative measure to predict MC risk in the two lakes, and the safe threshold value of Chl-a was proposed as 25.38 and 31.06 μg/L in Lake Taihu and Lake Yanghe, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qitao Yi
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liuming Hu
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
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Rong ZHU, Huan WANG, Dezhao YU, Cheng ZENG, Hong SHEN, Jun CHEN. Dynamic changes of microcystins and phytoplankton during the cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Erhai in 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18307/2015.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Wu Y, Li L, Gan N, Zheng L, Ma H, Shan K, Liu J, Xiao B, Song L. Seasonal dynamics of water bloom-forming Microcystis morphospecies and the associated extracellular microcystin concentrations in large, shallow, eutrophic Dianchi Lake. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1921-1929. [PMID: 25193843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of Microcystis blooms is of great concern to public health and ecosystem due to the potential hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) produced by these colonial cyanobacteria. In order to interpret the relationships between variations of Microcystis morphospecies and extracellular MC concentrations, the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community composition, MC concentrations, and environmental parameters were monitored monthly from August, 2009 to July, 2010. The results indicated that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance from May to December (96%-99% of total biovolume), with toxic Microcystis viridis and non-toxic Microcystis wesenbergii dominating after July (constituting 65%-95% of the Microcystis population), followed by M. viridis as the sole dominant species from November to January (49%-93%). Correlation analysis revealed that water temperature and nutrient were the most important variables accounting for the occurrence of M. wesenbergii, while the dominance of M. viridis was related with nitrite and nitrate. The relatively low content of MCs was explained by the association with a large proportion of M. viridis and M. wesenbergii, small colony size of Microcystis populations, and low water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The extracellular MC (mean of 0.5±0.2μg/L) of water samples analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated the low concentrations of MC in Dianchi Lake which implied the low potential risk for human health in the basin. The survey provides the first whole lake study of the occurrence and seasonal variability of Microcystis population and extracellular MCs that are of particular interest for water quality monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Nanqin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bangding Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Koreivienė J, Anne O, Kasperovičienė J, Burškytė V. Cyanotoxin management and human health risk mitigation in recreational waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:4443-4459. [PMID: 24664523 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and severity of harmful cyanobacterial or blue-green algal blooms (HABs) have increased in recent decades, posing a serious threat of illness to humans. In some countries, water contaminated with cyanotoxins that is used for drinking or haemodialysis has posed a particularly serious risk. However, it is now recognized that recreational exposure to natural toxins by skin contact, accidental swallowing of water or inhalation can also cause a wide range of acute or chronic illnesses. In this review, we focus on the importance of cyanotoxin management in recreational waters. The symptoms related with HAB poisonings, the recommended safety concentrations limit for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in such waters, as well as early health hazard indicators of their presence and their monitoring are all discussed. We also present in this review an overview of the methods developed in recent decades for eliminating cyanobacteria and the toxic compounds that they produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judita Koreivienė
- Institute of Botany of Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania,
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Wang P, Shen H, Xie P. Can hydrodynamics change phosphorus strategies of diatoms?-Nutrient levels and diatom blooms in lotic and lentic ecosystems. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:369-382. [PMID: 21811794 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diatom blooms occur in many water bodies worldwide, causing significant ecological and social concerns. In order to understand the mechanisms of diatom blooms formation, the effects of varying phosphorus (P) concentration and hydrodynamics on the growth of diatoms were studied by combining results from field observations and laboratory experiments. The field investigation showed that spring diatom blooms (Cyclotella meneghiniana and Stephanodiscus hantzschii) occurred in Lake Taihu and Hanjiang River with similar environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen in 2008. Concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen (NH(4)-N) in Lake Taihu were significantly higher than the concentrations in the Hanjiang River. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate growth and physiological responses of four lotic diatoms (Cyclotella atomus, Fragilaria crotonensis, Nitzschia palea, and S. hantzschii, isolated from the Hanjiang River) and three lentic diatoms (C. meneghiniana, Melosira varians, and Stephanodiscus minutulus, isolated from Lake Taihu, Lake Donghu, and Guanqiao Pond, respectively) to various P concentrations under small-scale turbulent and standing conditions. Our results showed that, with turbulence, lotic diatoms C. atomus, F. crotonensis, N. palea, and S. hantzschii demonstrated a significant increase in affinity for P compared with lentic diatoms C. meneghiniana, M. varians, and S. minutulus. Moreover, lotic diatoms C. atomus, F. crotonensis, and N. palea had higher growth rates and photosynthetic efficiencies with small-scale turbulence than with standing conditions both in P-limited and P-replete conditions. Lotic species S. hantzschii and three lentic diatoms (C. meneghiniana, M. varians, and S. minutulus) grew well under standing conditions. Our results may explain our field observation that the occurrence of diatom blooms in lakes is often associated with higher TP concentrations whereas in rivers, diatom blooms occur at a wide range of TP concentrations under flows. Therefore, different hydrodynamics and nutrient concentrations determined the dominant diatom species, according to their habitat-dependent physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng J, Yang L, Wang WX. Cadmium and zinc uptake and toxicity in two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa predicted by metal free ion activity and intracellular concentration. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 91:212-220. [PMID: 19100632 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is an important cyanobacteria widely found in numerous freshwater lakes. In this study, we examined the uptake and toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in non-toxic (Ma 469) and toxic (Ma 905) strains of Microcystis based on the metal free ion and cellular concentrations. We compared their uptake rates, pulse-amplitude-modulated parameters (maximum photosystem II quantum yield and operational quantum yield), cell-specific growth rates, and intracellular metal concentrations at different free Cd or Zn ion concentrations. Both strains exhibited a first-order uptake kinetics during the short-term (4h) uptake experiment no matter whether ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was added. The free ion activity model (FIAM) explained the short-term uptake of Cd or Zn, but failed to predict the long-term (48h) toxicity of Cd or Zn in the two strains. In contrast, the intracellular Cd or Zn concentration was more effective in explaining Cd or Zn toxicity in the two strains, indicating that the biotic ligand model (BLM) may be used to predict Cd or Zn toxicity in M. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the two strains exhibited similar sigmoid relationships between toxicity effects and intracellular Zn concentrations, but the Ma 905 was more tolerant of intracellular Cd toxicity than the Ma 469. Different Microcystis strains might have similar tolerance towards intracellular Zn toxicity. Our study provided important information for the assessment of metal toxicity in freshwater cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zeng
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Identification of microcystins in waters used for daily life by people who live on Tai Lake during a serious cyanobacteria dominated bloom with risk analysis to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:82-86. [PMID: 18461554 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tai Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China with annual cyanobacteria blooms. Microcystins produced by these blooms have serious health risks for populations surrounding the lake, especially for people living on Tai Lake, because they usually drink raw lake water after a simple alum treatment. This study presents data on the detection and identification of microcystins in waters used for daily life by people living on Tai Lake, during the cyanobacterial blooming in July 2007. The health risks from drinking these microcystin-polluted waters were also calculated. The main microcystins detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the water samples collected from two parts of Tai Lake (Wuli Lake and Meiliang Bay) were MC-LR (4.33-12.27 microg/L), MC-RR (8.36-16.91 microg/L) and MC-YR (1.41-5.57 microg/L). Risk assessment showed that the drinking water simply treated by alum was not safe. The lowest calculated hazards ratios in all water samples was 6.4, which indicated that the risk of microcystins exposure from drinking water was over six times higher than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) recommended by The World Health Organization (WHO). Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the relationships between the epidemiology of people living on Tai Lake and microcystins exposure from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu YQ, Xie P, Zhang DW, Wen ZR. Seasonal dynamics of microcystins with associated biotic and abiotic parameters in two bays of lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 80:24-29. [PMID: 17962897 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Liu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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12
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Li S, Xie P, Xu J, Zhang X, Qin J, Zheng L, Liang G. Factors shaping the pattern of seasonal variations of microcystins in Lake Xingyun, a subtropical plateau lake in China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 78:226-30. [PMID: 17487437 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Xie P, Guo N. Effects of nonylphenol on the growth and microcystin production of Microcystis strains. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 103:70-8. [PMID: 16831412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Both organic pollution and eutrophication are prominent environmental issues concerning water pollution in the world. It is important to reveal the effects of organic pollutants on algal growth and toxin production for assessing ecological risk of organic pollution. Since nonylphenol (NP) is a kind of persistent organic pollutant with endocrine disruptive effect which exists ubiquitously in environments, NP was selected as test compound in our study to study the relationship between NP stress and Microcystis growth and microcystin production. Our study showed that responses of toxic and nontoxic Microcystis aeruginosa to NP stress were obviously different. The growth inhibition test with NP on M. aeruginosa yielded effect concentrations E(b)C(50) values within this range of 0.67-2.96 mg/L. The nontoxic M.aeruginosa strains were more resistant to NP than toxic strains at concentration above 1mg/L. Cell growth was enhanced by 0.02-0.2 mg/L NP for both toxic and nontoxic strains, suggesting a hormesis effect of NP on M. aeruginosa. Both toxic and nontoxic strains tended to be smaller with increasing NP. But with the increased duration of the experiment, both the cell size and the growth rate began to resume, suggesting a quick adaptation of M. aeruginosa to adverse stress. NP of 0.05-0.5 mg/L significantly promoted microcystin production of toxic strain PCC7820, suggesting that NP might affect microcystin production of some toxic M. aeruginosa in the field. Our study showed that microcystin excretion was species specific that up to 75% of microcystins in PCC7820 were released into solution, whereas >99% of microcystins in 562 remained in algal cells after 12 days' incubation. NP also significantly influenced microcystin release into cultural media. The fact that NP enhanced growth and toxin production of M. aeruginosa at low concentrations of 0.02-0.5 mg/L that might be possibly found in natural freshwaters implies that low concentration of NP may favor survival of M. aeruginosa in the field and may play a subtle role in affecting cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin production in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of the Lake Ecosystems, The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Guo N, Xie P. Development of tolerance against toxic Microcystis aeruginosa in three cladocerans and the ecological implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 143:513-8. [PMID: 16448731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first experimental study to compare difference in the development of tolerance against toxic Microcystis among multi-species of cladocerans (Daphnia, Moina and Ceriodaphnia) pre-exposed to two M. aeruginosa PCC7820 strains (MC-containing and MC-free). Zooplankton were divided into S population (fed Scenedesmus), M-F population (fed Scenedesmus+MC-free Microcystis), and M-C population (fed Scenedesmus+MC-containing Microcystis). M-F and M-C populations were pre-exposed to Microcystis strains for 4 weeks, and their newborns were collected for experiments. A pre-exposure to MC-containing or MC-free Microcystis increased tolerance against toxic Microcystis. The marked increases in survival rate and median lethal time (LT(50), 100-194% increase) in the M-C population of Ceriodaphnia suggest that small-sized cladocerans may develop stronger tolerance against Microcystis than large-sized ones when both groups are exposed to toxic Microcystis. This may explain why dominant Daphnia is usually replaced by small-sized cladocerans when cyanobacteria bloomed in summer in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichun Guo
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Babica P, Kohoutek J, Bláha L, Adamovský O, Marsálek B. Evaluation of extraction approaches linked to ELISA and HPLC for analyses of microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in freshwater sediments with different organic material contents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1545-51. [PMID: 16830113 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficiencies of conventional extraction techniques and analytical methods (HPLC-DAD and ELISA) were investigated for analyses of microcystins (MCs) in sediments. Our results showed several limitations. First, the extraction efficiency strongly depends on the extraction solvent, and extraction with 5% acetic acid in 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-methanol was confirmed as being the most appropriate for three different sediments (recovery: 33.1-44.9% of total MCs according to HPLC analyses). Second, the recovery of MCs was affected by the type of sediment but did not clearly correlate with the content of organic carbon. These results suggest that the sorption of MCs onto inorganic materials such as clay minerals is probably a more important process than interactions of the MCs with organic sediment matter. Third, the structure of the MCs is another crucial factor that affects the sorption of MCs and their recovery from sediments. Hydrophilic MC-RR gave much lower recoveries (20.0-38.8%) than MC-YR (44.1-59.5%) or MC-LR (55.3-77.8%) from three different types of spiked sediments. Recovery results analysed with HPLC-DAD correlated well with ELISA analyses. Further, extraction with 5% acetic acid in 0.2% TFA-methanol was used for analyses of MCs in 34 natural sediment samples collected from Brno reservoir (Czech Republic) from April to October 2005. Concentrations of MCs in sediments ranged from 0.003 to 0.380 microg/g sediment d.m. (ELISA results) or 0.016-0.474 microg/g d.m. (HPLC results). These values are equivalent to 0.63-96.47 microg/L of sediment (ELISA) or 4.67-108.68 microg/L (HPLC), respectively. Concentrations of sediment MCs showed both temporal and spatial variability, with the highest MC contents observed in the spring (April and May) and the lowest concentrations in July and August. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the methods described here for studying the occurrence, fate and ecological role of MCs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Babica
- Centre for Cyanobacteria and Their Toxins, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic & RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Xie L, Xie P, Guo L, Li L, Miyabara Y, Park HD. Organ distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystins in freshwater fish at different trophic levels from the eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2005; 20:293-300. [PMID: 15892067 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the organ distribution and bioaccumulation of hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) in freshwater fishes at different trophic levels from the large, shallow, eutrophic Lake Chaohu in September 2003, when there were heavy surface blooms of toxic cyanobacteria. Among all fish, intestines and blood had the highest average content of MC-RR + MC-LR (22.0 and 14.5 microg g(-1) DW, respectively), followed by liver, bile, and kidney (7.77, 6.32, and 5.81 microg g(-1) DW, respectively), whereas muscle had the least (1.81 microg g(-1) DW). MC content in muscle was highest in carnivorous fish (Culter ilishaeformis, 2.22 microg g(-1) DW) and omnivorous fish (Carassius auratus, 1.96 microg g(-1) DW) and was lowest in phytoplanktivorous fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 1.65 microg g(-1) DW) and herbivorous fish (Parabramis pekinensis 0.660 microg g(-1) DW). However, the amount of MC in the gut of H. molitrix (137 microg g(-1) DW) was more than 20 times that in the other fish (<6.50 microg g(-1) DW). The MCs showed a tendency to accumulate up the food chain, and piscivorous fish at the top of the food chain were at high risk of exposure to MCs in Lake Chaohu. Our study is the first to report MC concentrations in the bile and blood of wild fish. One hundred grams of fish muscle would contain 2.64-49.7 microg of MC-LR equivalent, or about 1.3-25 times the recommended tolerable daily intake of MC-LR by humans, indicating that fish are already severely contaminated by MCs and that the local authorities should warn the public of the risk of poisoning by eating the contaminated fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Xie
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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