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Malik A, Katyal D, Narwal N, Kataria N, Ayyamperumal R, Khoo KS. Sources, distribution, associated health risks and remedial technologies for inorganic contamination in groundwater: A review in specific context of the state of Haryana, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116696. [PMID: 37482126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Haryana is one of the leading states in India in the agricultural and industrial production. With the expansion of these sectors, a continuous increase in water demand is leading to water crises arising from overexploitation and quality deterioration of the available water. Contamination of aquifer resources is a significant concern, because majority of population depends on the groundwater for various agricultural, industrial, and domestic needs. This review article provides an overview of groundwater contamination, associated health risks with different contaminants with regions severely affected by poor water quality, and delves in identifying the sources, by observing and recognising the types of industries dominant in the state with types of effluents discharge. It further suggests the possible mitigation measures such as advanced remedial technologies and proper management practices from the consequent contamination sources. It has been observed during the perusal of various studies and data that the degree of contamination was considerably higher in districts with heavy agro-industrial activities. The groundwater resources in three highly industrialized districts were found to be gravely contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Alongwith heavy metals, the salinity, hardness, nitrate, and fluoride are also posing significant problems in the aquifer resources of Haryana state. The article also discusses various technologies for remediation of different pollutants from groundwater so it can be made potable after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Malik
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | | | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Baiswar A, Yadav JS, Sain K, Bhambri R, Pandey A, Tiwari SK. Emission of greenhouse gases due to anthropogenic activities: an environmental assessment from paddy rice fields. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37039-37054. [PMID: 36564699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Paddy rice fields (PRFs) are a potent source of global atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly CH4 and CO2. Despite socio-environmental importance, the emission of GHGs has rarely been measured from Haryana agricultural fields. We have used new technology to track ambient concentration and soil flux of GHGs (CH4, CO2, and H2O) near Karnal's Kuchpura agricultural fields, India. The observations were conducted using a Trace Gas Analyzer (TGA) and Soil Flux Smart Chamber over various parts, i.e., disturbed and undisturbed zone of PRFs. The undisturbed zone usually accounts for a maximum ambient concentration of ~ 2434.95 ppb and 492.46 ppm of CH4 and CO2, respectively, higher than the average global concentration. Soil flux of CH4 and CO2 was highly varied, ranging from 0.18 to 11.73 nmol m-2 s-1 and 0.13-4.98 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. An insignificant correlation was observed between ambient concentration and soil flux of GHGs from PRFs. Waterlogged (i.e., irrigated and rain-fed) soil contributed slightly lower CH4 flux to the atmosphere. Interestingly, such an agricultural field shows low CO2 and CH4 fluxes compared to the field affected by the backfilling of rice husk ash (RHA). This article suggests farmers not mix RHA to increase soil fertility because of their adverse environmental effects. Also, this study is relevant in understanding the GHGs' emissions from paddy rice fields to the atmosphere, their impacts, and mitigating measures for a healthy ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Baiswar
- Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 248001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | - Kalachand Sain
- Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 248001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rakesh Bhambri
- Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 248001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arjun Pandey
- Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sameer K Tiwari
- Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 248001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Minhas PS, Saha JK, Dotaniya ML, Sarkar A, Saha M. Wastewater irrigation in India: Current status, impacts and response options. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152001. [PMID: 34856275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated from urban agglomerations in India is estimated to be 26.4 km3 annually and 28% of it is treated. This has a potential to irrigate about 2.1 million-ha agricultural land, contribute 4 million Mg of plant nutrients, generate 2.8 million person-days of employment and reduce green house gas (GHG) emission by 73.7 million Mg CO2-e. Farmers in peri-urban areas depend largely on raw and partially treated wastewater for livelihood via raising high value crops such as vegetable, fodders and fruits. Both controlled and uncontrolled disposal of waste waters leads to progressive and irreversible contamination of soils, surface and ground waters with pathogens, heavy metals and organic micro-contaminants and consequently their bio-transfer through the chain: sewage-soil-vegetation-animal-humans. This has led to the development of a considerable assortment of regulatory measures and guidelines aimed at reducing or eliminating wastewater related health risks. Because conventional treatment technologies are cost prohibitive, alternate methods based on biological and land treatment systems are being advocated. Since soils are the most logical sinks for wastewater, efforts are to optimise rates and methods of water application, quantify the sink capacity of soils to immobilise contaminants and protect the quality of produce. Reuse of diluted or undiluted wastewaters improves crop productivity by 10-36% though production sustainability depends on soil type, climatic conditions, crop grown, irrigation techniques and socio-political factors. Disposal of wastewater in tree plantations and constructed wetlands with consequent removal of toxic metals/compounds using hyper-accumulators/accumulators plants provide for a possible alternative. Ignoring the associated risks, using pisciculture for sewage disposal is quite popular in high rainfall areas. With growing water scarcities, it is utmost important to recognise wastewaters as a valuable resource and formulate appropriate policy initiatives considering the health and livelihood issues of the per-urban farmers and consumers of food as well as risks to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Minhas
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
| | | | - M L Dotaniya
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Bharatpur 321303, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, India
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Silica Monolith for the Removal of Pollutants from Gas and Aqueous Phases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051316. [PMID: 33804572 PMCID: PMC7957575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the application of mesoporous silica monoliths for the removal of organic pollutants. The physico-chemical textural and surface properties of the monoliths were investigated. The homogeneity of the textural properties along the entire length of the monoliths was assessed, as well as the reproducibility of the synthesis method. The adsorption properties of the monoliths for gaseous toluene, as a model of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), were evaluated and compared to those of a reference meso-structured silica powder (MCM-41) of commercial origin. Silica monoliths adsorbed comparable amounts of toluene with respect to MCM-41, with better performances at low pressure. Finally, considering their potential application in water phase, the adsorption properties of monoliths toward Rhodamine B, selected as a model molecule of water soluble pollutants, were studied together with their stability in water. After 24 h of contact, the silica monoliths were able to adsorb up to the 70% of 1.5 × 10−2 mM Rhodamine B in water solution.
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Wu S, Xu Y, Li X, Tong R, Chen L, Han Y, Wu J, Zhang X. Controlled Synthesis of Porous Hierarchical ZnFe2O4 Micro-/Nanostructures with Multifunctional Photocatalytic Performance. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15481-15488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China
| | - Ruifei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Yide Han
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
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Adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in Aqueous Solutions on Clay–Biochar Composites from Bagasse and Natural Attapulgite. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bordoloi N, Dey MD, Mukhopadhyay R, Kataki R. Adsorption of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B by using biochar derived from Pongamia glabra seed cover. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:638-646. [PMID: 29431708 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar obtained through the pyrolysis of Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) at 550 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min was characterized and its ability to adsorb the dyes Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of pH, temperature and initial concentration of the dyes on adsorption behavior were investigated. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. Equilibrium data were well fitted for D-R isotherm in case of MB and Langmuir isotherm in case of RB dyes. The kinetics of dye adsorption on PGSC biochar was well described by applying pseudo-second-order rate equations. The surface of adsorbent before and after the removal of dyes was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The study suggested that PGSC biochar could be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of synthetic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neonjyoti Bordoloi
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India E-mail:
| | - Manash Deep Dey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Rupam Kataki
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India E-mail:
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Tan XF, Liu YG, Gu YL, Liu SB, Zeng GM, Cai X, Hu XJ, Wang H, Liu SM, Jiang LH. Biochar pyrolyzed from MgAl-layered double hydroxides pre-coated ramie biomass (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.): Characterization and application for crystal violet removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:85-93. [PMID: 27591848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel biochar/MgAl-layered double hydroxides composite (CB-LDH) was prepared for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution by pyrolyzing MgAl-LDH pre-coated ramie stem (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.). Pyrolysis played dual role for both converting biomass into biochar and calcining MgAl-LDH during the pyrolysis process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the CB-LDH. The results of characterization suggested that the calcined LDH was successfully synthesized and coated on biochar. The resulted CB-LDH had higher total pore volume and more functional groups than the pristine biochar. Adsorption experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The rate-controlled step was controlled by film-diffusion initially and then followed by intra-particle diffusion. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of crystal violet was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The higher pH and temperature of the solution enhanced the adsorption performance. CB-LDH could also have excellent ability for the removal of crystal violet from the actual industrial wastewater and groundwater with high ionic strength. LDH adsorption, electrostatic attraction, pore-filling, π-π interaction and hydrogen bond might be the main mechanisms for crystal violet adsorption on CB-LDH. The results of this study indicated that CB-LDH is a sustainable and green adsorbent with high performance for crystal violet contaminated wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ling Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Guang-Ming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xin-Jiang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Si-Mian Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lu-Hua Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Xu RK, Xiao SC, Yuan JH, Zhao AZ. Adsorption of methyl violet from aqueous solutions by the biochars derived from crop residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10293-8. [PMID: 21924897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of methyl violet by the biochars from crop residues was investigated with batch and leaching experiments--adsorption capacity varied with their feedstock in the following order: canola straw char>peanut straw char>soybean straw char>rice hull char. This order was generally consistent with the amount of negative charge of the biochars. Zeta potentials and Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy, combined with adsorption isotherms and effect of ionic strength, indicated that adsorption of methyl violet on biochars involved electrostatic attraction, specific interaction between the dye and carboxylate and phenolic hydroxyl groups on the biochars, and surface precipitation. Leaching experiments showed that 156 g of rice hull char almost completely removed methyl violet from 18.2 L of water containing 1.0 mmol/L of methyl violet. The biochars had high removal efficiency for methyl violet and could be effective adsorbents for removal of methyl violet from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing, China.
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