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McGillick EV, Orgeig S, Allison BJ, Brain KL, Niu Y, Itani N, Skeffington KL, Kane AD, Herrera EA, Morrison JL, Giussani DA. Molecular regulation of lung maturation in near-term fetal sheep by maternal daily vitamin C treatment in late gestation. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:828-838. [PMID: 33859366 PMCID: PMC9064793 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fetus, the appropriate balance of prooxidants and antioxidants is essential to negate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on lung maturation. Antioxidants improve respiratory function in postnatal life and adulthood. However, the outcomes and biological mechanisms of antioxidant action in the fetal lung are unknown. METHODS We investigated the effect of maternal daily vitamin C treatment (200 mg/kg, intravenously) for a month in late gestation (105-138 days gestation, term ~145 days) on molecular regulation of fetal lung maturation in sheep. Expression of genes and proteins regulating lung development was quantified in fetal lung tissue. The number of surfactant-producing cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Maternal vitamin C treatment increased fetal lung gene expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD-1, hypoxia signaling genes (HIF-2α, HIF-3α, ADM, and EGLN-3), genes regulating sodium movement (SCNN1-A, SCNN1-B, ATP1-A1, and ATP1-B1), surfactant maturation (SFTP-B and ABCA3), and airway remodeling (ELN). There was no effect of maternal vitamin C treatment on the expression of protein markers evaluated or on the number of surfactant protein-producing cells in fetal lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin C treatment in the last third of pregnancy in sheep acts at the molecular level to increase the expression of genes that are important for fetal lung maturation in a healthy pregnancy. IMPACT Maternal daily vitamin C treatment for a month in late gestation in sheep increases the expression of gene-regulating pathways that are essential for normal fetal lung development. Following late gestation vitamin C exposure in a healthy pregnancy, an increase in lung gene but not protein expression may act as a mechanism to aid in the preparation for exposure to the air-breathing environment after birth. In the future, the availability/development of compounds with greater antioxidant properties than vitamin C or more specific targets at the site of oxidative stress in vivo may translate clinically to improve respiratory outcomes in complicated pregnancies at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V. McGillick
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Kirsty L. Brain
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Youguo Niu
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Nozomi Itani
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Katie L. Skeffington
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Andrew D. Kane
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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Bartman CM, Awari DW, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia and Oxidative Stress in Developing Human Airway Smooth Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091400. [PMID: 34573032 PMCID: PMC8467919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are frequently and intermittently administered supplemental oxygen during hypoxic episodes, resulting in cycles of intermittent hypoxia and hyperoxia. The relatively hypoxic in utero environment is important for lung development while hyperoxia during the neonatal period is recognized as detrimental towards the development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and bronchial asthma. Understanding early mechanisms that link hypoxic, hyperoxic, and intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposures to altered airway structure and function are key to developing advanced therapeutic approaches in the clinic. Changes in oxygen availability can be detrimental to cellular function and contribute to oxidative damage. Here, we sought to determine the effect of oxygen on mitochondria in human fetal airway smooth muscle cells exposed to either 5% O2, 21% O2, 40% O2, or cycles of 5% and 40% O2 (intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia). Reactive oxygen species production, altered mitochondrial morphology, and changes in mitochondrial respiration were assessed in the context of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Our findings show developing airway smooth muscle is differentially responsive to hypoxic, hyperoxic, or intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure in terms of mitochondrial structure and function. Cycling O2 decreased mitochondrial branching and branch length similar to hypoxia and hyperoxia in the presence of antioxidants. Additionally, hypoxia decreased overall mitochondrial respiration while the addition of antioxidants increased respiration in normoxic and O2-cycling conditions. These studies show the necessity of balancing oxidative damage and antioxidant defense systems in the developing airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Daniel Wasim Awari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (D.W.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (Y.S.P.)
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Elkabany ZA, El-Farrash RA, Shinkar DM, Ismail EA, Nada AS, Farag AS, Elsayed MA, Salama DH, Macken EL, Gaballah SA. Oxidative stress markers in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: advanced oxidation protein products and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in relation to disease severity. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:74-80. [PMID: 31216566 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed oxidant-antioxidant status and evaluated the role of lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and protein oxidation in the development and severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS Forty preterm neonates with RDS were compared with another 40 preterm neonates without RDS enrolled as controls. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and trace elements (copper and zinc) were measured in cord blood (day 0) for all neonates and repeated on day 3 for the RDS group. RESULTS Day 0 serum levels of MDA, AOPPs, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in neonates with RDS than controls with a further increase on day 3. Days 0 and 3 levels of TAC, copper, and zinc were significantly lower in the RDS group compared with controls. Elevated serum levels of 8-OHdG and AOPPs were associated with severe RDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, and high mortality rate. 8-OHdG and AOPPs were positively correlated with MDA, oxygenation index, duration of ventilation, and duration of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Increased lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation is accompanied by alterations in the antioxidant defense status, which may play a role in the pathogenesis and severity of RDS.
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Ghanian Z, Konduri GG, Audi SH, Camara AKS, Ranji M. Quantitative optical measurement of mitochondrial superoxide dynamics in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. J Innov Opt Health Sci 2018; 11:1750018. [PMID: 30123329 PMCID: PMC6097638 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545817500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling and redox regulation, but when present in excess, lead to numerous pathologies. Detailed quantitative characterization of mitochondrial superoxide anion ( O2•- ) production in fetal pulmonary artery endothelia cells (PAECs) has never been reported. The aim of this study is to assess mitochondrial O2•- production in cultured PAECs over time using a novel quantitative optical approach. The rate, the sources, and the dynamics of O2•- production were assessed using targeted metabolic modulators of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, specifically an uncoupler and inhibitors of the various ETC complexes, and inhibitors of extra-mitochondrial sources of O2•- . After stabilization, the cells were loaded with nanomolar mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE, MitoSOX) online during the experiment without washout of the residual dye. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the dynamic changes in O2•- fluorescence intensity over time in PAECs. The transient behaviors of the fluorescence time course showed exponential increases in the rate of O2•- production in the presence of the ETC uncoupler or inhibitors. The most dramatic and the fastest increase in O2•- production was observed when the cells were treated with the uncoupling agent, PCP. We also showed that only the complex IV inhibitor, KCN, attenuated the marked surge in O2•- production induced by PCP. The results showed that mitochondrial respiratory complexes I, III and IV are sources of O2•- production in PAECs, and a new observation that ROS production during uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration is mediated in part via complex IV. This novel method can be applied in other studies that examine ROS production under stress condition and during ROS-mediated injuries in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Girija Ganesh Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Said Halim Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amadou K. S. Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Anesthesia Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Abdel-Ghaf O, Mahmoud ST, Ali Said A, Abdel-Azee F. Hepatoprotective Effect of Rutin Against Oxidative Stress of Isoniazid in Albino Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.516.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kalikstad B, Kultima HG, Andersstuen TK, Klungland A, Isaksson A. Gene expression profiles in preterm infants on continuous long‑term oxygen therapy suggest reduced oxidative stress‑dependent signaling during hypoxia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1513-1526. [PMID: 28259955 PMCID: PMC5364962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are susceptible to neonatal inflammatory/infective diseases requiring drug therapy. The present study hypothesized that mRNA expression in the blood may be modulated by signaling pathways during treatment. The current study aimed to explore changes in global gene expression in the blood from preterm infants with the objective of identifying patterns or pathways of potential relevance to drug therapy. The infants involved were selected based on maternal criteria indicating increased risk for therapeutic intervention. Global mRNA expression was measured in 107 longitudinal whole blood samples using Affymetrix Human-Genome-U133 Plus 2.0-arrays; samples were obtained from 20 preterm infants. Unsupervised clustering revealed a distinct homogeneous gene expression pattern in 13 samples derived from seven infants undergoing continuous oxygen therapy. At these sampling times, all but one of the seven infants exhibited severe drops in peripheral capillary saturation levels below 60%. The infants were reoxygenated with 100% inspired oxygen concentration. The other samples (n=94) represented the infants from the cohort at time points when they did not undergo continuous oxygen therapy. Comparing these two sets of samples identified a distinct gene expression pattern of 5,986 significantly differentially expressed genes, of which 5,167 genes exhibited reduced expression levels during transient hypoxia. This expression pattern was reversed when the infants became stable, i.e., when they were not continuously oxygenated and had no events of hypoxia. To identify signaling pathways involved in gene regulation, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online tool was used. Mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are normally induced by oxidative stress, exhibited reduced gene expression during hypoxia. In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element target genes involved in oxidative stress protection were also expressed at lower levels, suggesting reduced transcription of this pathway. The findings of the present study suggest that oxidative stress-dependent signaling is reduced during hypoxia. Understanding the molecular response in preterm infants during continuous oxygenation may aid in refining therapeutic strategies for oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Kalikstad
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Women and Children's Clinic, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Göransson Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Isaksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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McGillick EV, Lock MC, Orgeig S, Morrison JL. Maternal obesity mediated predisposition to respiratory complications at birth and in later life: understanding the implications of the obesogenic intrauterine environment. Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 21:11-8. [PMID: 27818069 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More women than not are entering pregnancy either overweight or obese. This presents a significant health care burden with respect to maternal morbidities and offspring complications at birth and in later life. In recent years it has also become clear that maternal obesity is an even greater global health problem than anticipated, because the effects are not limited to the mother but are also programmed in the fetus, known as the 'intergenerational cycle of obestiy'. Despite a large body of epidemiological evidence reporting outcomes of obese pregnancies, including offspring respiratory complications, much less is known about the molecular effects of maternal obesity on fetal lung development. This review focuses on the influence of altered substrate supply associated with the obesogenic intrauterine environment on fetal lung development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms contributing to altered fetal lung development will lead to improved respiratory outcomes for offspring at birth and in later life.
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Aversa S, Marseglia L, Manti S, D'Angelo G, Cuppari C, David A, Chirico G, Gitto E. Ventilation strategies for preventing oxidative stress-induced injury in preterm infants with respiratory disease: an update. Paediatr Respir Rev 2016; 17:71-9. [PMID: 26572937 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced by several inflammatory and structural cells of the airways. The lungs of preterm newborns are susceptible to oxidative injury induced by both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Increased oxidative stress and imbalance in antioxidant enzymes may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Preterm infants are frequently exposed to high oxygen concentrations, infections or inflammation; they have reduced antioxidant defense and high free iron levels which enhance toxic radical generation. Multiple ventilation strategies have been studied to reduce injury and improve outcomes in preterm infants. Using lung protective strategies, there is the need to reach a compromise between satisfaction of gas exchange and potential toxicities related to over-distension, derecruitment of lung units and high oxygen concentrations. In this review, the authors summarize scientific evidence concerning oxidative stress as it relates to resuscitation in the delivery room and to the strategies of ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Aversa
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, PhD course in Intensive Care, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sara Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio David
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatric and Anesthesiological Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Chirico
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children Hospital, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Pierro M, Ciralli F, Colnaghi M, Vanzati M, Mercadante D, Consonni D, Mosca F. Oxygen administration at birth in preterm infants: a retrospective analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2675-80. [PMID: 26515655 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the association between initial oxygen concentration in delivery room and short-term outcomes in preterm infants. METHODS Data from infants needing neonatal resuscitation, born at our department between January 2008 and December 2011, were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups based on gestational age: between 32 and 36 weeks, between 31 and 28 weeks, and below 28 weeks. RESULTS The administration of each additional unit of oxygen up to 50% showed an association with a 5% increased need for mechanical ventilation (MV) in the neonatal intensive care unit in infants between 32 and 36 weeks [adjusted odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.1] and infants between 28 and 31 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.44). On the contrary, in infants below 28 weeks, increasing initial concentration of supplementary oxygen did not show any association with MV. CONCLUSIONS Initial oxygen concentration seems to be associated with increased MV in the NICU. Our observations further stress the need for randomized controlled studies in order to obtain definitive recommendations for the optimal initial oxygen concentration during neonatal resuscitation of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pierro
- a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and
| | - Fabrizio Ciralli
- a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and
| | - Mariarosa Colnaghi
- a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and
| | - Mara Vanzati
- a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and
| | - Domenica Mercadante
- a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and
| | - Dario Consonni
- b Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and
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Kahveci H, Tayman C, Laoğlu F, Celik HT, Kavas N, Kılıç Ö, Aydemir S. Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Preterm Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:38-42. [PMID: 26855486 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may suffer from severe hypoxia, asphyxia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) level as a diagnostic marker for hypoxia in preterm infants with RDS. Thirty-seven premature newborns with RDS were allocated as the study group and 42 healthy preterm neonates were selected as the control group. IMA was measured as absorbance unit (ABSU) in human serum with colorimetric assay method which is based on reduction in albumin cobalt binding. IMA levels were significantly higher in neonates with RDS as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Cut-off value of IMA (ABSU) was 0.72, the sensitivity level was 91.9 %, the specificity was 78.6 %, positive predictive value was 79.1 % and negative predictive value was 91.7 % at RDS. Area under curve values was 0.93 (P < 0.001; 95 % CI, 0.88-0.98) in the receiver operating characteristic curve. We concluded that elevated blood IMA levels might be accepted as a useful marker for hypoxia in newborn with RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kahveci
- Division of Neonatal Intencive Care Unit, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- Department of Neonatology, Denizli T.C. Public Health Hospital, 2010, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fuat Laoğlu
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Nenehatun Obstetrics Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Tugrul Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazan Kavas
- Division of Neonatal Intencive Care Unit, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Kılıç
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Salih Aydemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Negi R, Pande D, Karki K, Kumar A, Khanna RS, Khanna HD. A novel approach to study oxidative stress in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. BBA Clin 2014; 3:65-9. [PMID: 26676080 PMCID: PMC4661505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Respiratory distress syndrome of the neonate (neonatal RDS) is still an important problem in treatment of preterm infants. It is accompanied by inflammatory processes with free radical generation and oxidative stress. The aim of study was to determine the role of oxidative stress in the development of neonatal RDS. Methods Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in umbilical cord blood were studied in infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with reference to healthy newborns. Results Status of markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine) showed a significant increase with depleted levels of total antioxidant capacity in neonatal RDS when compared to healthy newborns. Conclusion The study provides convincing evidence of oxidative damage and diminished antioxidant defenses in newborns with RDS. Neonatal RDS is characterized by damage of lipid, protein and DNA, which indicates the augmentation of oxidative stress. General significance The identification of the potential biomarker of oxidative stress consists of a promising strategy to study the pathophysiology of neonatal RDS. Oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Oxidative stress biomarkers were studied in neonates with RDS. The high concentration of products of lipid peroxidation, protein damage and oxidative DNA damage were found. High oxidative stress was correlated with presence of RDS in newborns. Our results are an important step in continuous monitoring of the neonatal RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Negi
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepti Pande
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kanchan Karki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ranjana S Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hari D Khanna
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Dani C, Corsini I, Longini M, Burchielli S, Dichiara G, Cantile C, Buonocore G. Natural surfactant combined with superoxide dismutase and catalase decreases oxidative lung injury in the preterm lamb. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:898-904. [PMID: 24339445 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We performed a randomized study in preterm lambs to assess the hypothesis that treatment with a natural surfactant combined with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) might decrease pulmonary oxidative stress in an animal model of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Animals received 200 mg/kg of porcine natural surfactant or 200 mg/kg of natural surfactant combined with 2 mg/ml of SOD and 3,000 U/ml of CAT. Lung tissue oxidation was studied by measuring total hydroperoxide (TH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and non-protein bound iron (NPBI) in bronchial aspirate samples. In addition, the animal's lung mechanics were evaluated. TH, AOPP, and NPBI were lower in the groups treated with surfactant plus SOD and CAT than in the surfactant group, while lung mechanics did not vary. We concluded that natural surfactant combined with SOD and CAT is effective in reducing the oxidative lung stress in an animal model of RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Merchant NM, Azzopardi DV, Hawwa AF, McElnay JC, Middleton B, Arendt J, Arichi T, Gressens P, Edwards AD. Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm infants. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:725-33. [PMID: 23432339 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Preterm infants are deprived of the normal intra-uterine exposure to maternal melatonin and may benefit from replacement therapy. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study to guide potential therapeutic trials. METHODS Melatonin was administered to 18 preterm infants in doses ranging from 0.04-0.6 μg kg(-1) over 0.5-6 h. Pharmacokinetic profiles were analyzed individually and by population methods. RESULTS Baseline melatonin was largely undetectable. Infants receiving melatonin at 0.1 μg kg(-1) h(-1) for 2 h showed a median half-life of 15.82 h and median maximum plasma concentration of 203.3 pg ml(-1) . On population pharmacokinetics, clearance was 0.045 l h(-1) , volume of distribution 1.098 l and elimination half-life 16.91 h with gender (P = 0.047) and race (P < 0.0001) as significant covariates. CONCLUSIONS A 2 h infusion of 0.1 μg kg(-1) h(-1) increased blood melatonin from undetectable to approximately peak adult concentrations. Slow clearance makes replacement of a typical maternal circadian rhythm problematic. The pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin in preterm infants differs from that of adults so dosage of melatonin for preterm infants cannot be extrapolated from adult studies. Data from this study can be used to guide therapeutic clinical trials of melatonin in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazakat M Merchant
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for the Developing Brain, Imperial College, London, UK; Division of Neonatology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Division of Neonatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
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15
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El-Masry HMA, Nasr AAM, Al Kabeer AM, Amin HH, Eldeeb HMH. Nitric oxide and antioxidant enzyme levels in blood of respiratory distress syndrome--Egyptian preterms and their mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:41-5. [PMID: 24588322 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of tissue injury in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) have not been completely elucidated but the involvement of oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and RDS. OBJECTIVES To assess the oxidative status in preterms with and without RDS and in their mothers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Measuring and comparing concentrations of serum nitric oxide (NO), and erythrocytic activities of some antioxidant enzymes in blood of 20 preterms with RDS and 20 preterms without and their mothers, respectively. RESULTS Our results confirm significant elevation of mean levels of serum NO and reduced mean levels of erythrocytic activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), in RDS preterms and their mothers compared with controls and their mothers. A significant positive correlations were found between maternal and preterm serum NO (r=0.3 & 0.6) and erythrocytic activity of SOD (r=0.5 & 0.4) for RDS and control groups, respectively. In addition, a significant negative correlations were found between NO and SOD in all groups. CONCLUSIONS The existence of oxygen metabolites and lipid peroxidation was significantly more obvious in RDS preterms and in their mothers than those without.
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Parrish MR, Martin JN, Lamarca BB, Ellis B, Parrish SA, Owens MY, May WL. Randomized, placebo controlled, double blind trial evaluating early pregnancy phytonutrient supplementation in the prevention of preeclampsia. J Perinatol 2013; 33:593-9. [PMID: 23448939 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Daily provision of pregnant patients with dietary supplements containing antioxidants and phytonutrients, if initiated in the first trimester of pregnancy and continued throughout the gestation, may significantly decrease the incidence of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a single center, randomized, placebo-controlled investigation in which women were randomized by their risk status and assigned to daily ingestion of a supplement consisting primarily of a blended fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate or placebo. RESULT Of the 684 patients randomized to the trial, 267 (39.0%) completed it. The final analysis is based on those participants who completed the study. For the primary outcome of preeclampsia, there was no difference observed between the phytonutrient supplement group and the placebo group: 15.9% vs 16.3%, respectively, (R.R. 0.97 (0.56-1.69)). Non-significant trends toward lower placenta-related obstetrical complications were observed in the supplement group compared with the placebo cohort (8.3% vs 15.5%, respectively, (R.R. 0.57 (0.29-1.14). Those infants born to mothers taking the supplement in the high-risk stratified group demonstrated non-significant trends toward lower rates of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); 5.3% in the supplement group vs 15.4% in the placebo group: R.R. 0.34 (0.12-1.01). CONCLUSION Initiation of antioxidant/phytonutrient supplementation in the first trimester did not decrease rates of preeclampsia. Non-significant trends toward lower incidences of placental derived morbidity in those mothers taking the supplement in addition to decreased rates of RDS in infants born to supplemented mothers considered to be high-risk for preeclampsia, warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Parrish
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biostatistics, Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women and Infants, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Giusti B, Vestrini A, Poggi C, Magi A, Pasquini E, Abbate R, Dani C. Genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes as risk factors for oxidative stress-associated complications in preterm infants. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1130-9. [PMID: 22574884 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.692787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify specific polymorphisms of genes encoding for superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 (cytoplasmic Cu/ZnSOD), SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD) and CAT in a cohort of preterm infants and correlate their presence to the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We carried out a retrospective study to evaluate the allele frequency and the genotype distribution of polymorphisms of SODs and CAT in a population of preterm neonates (n = 152) with a gestational age ≤ 28 weeks according to the presence or absence of RDS, BPD, IVH and ROP. Moreover, we evaluated through the haplotype reconstruction analysis whether combinations of the selected polymorphisms are related to the occurrence of RDS, BPD, IVH and ROP. We found that rs8192287 SOD3 polymorphism is an independent protective factor for all grade IVH, while rs4880 and rs5746136 SOD2 polymorphisms are associated with a lower gestational age (rs4880, rs5746136) and birth weight (rs4880). Haplotypes reconstruction showed that SOD1 (GG) decreased the risk of RDS, IVH and ROP; SOD2 (GT) increased the risk of BPD and decreased the risk of RDS, IVH and ROP; SOD3 (TGC) decreased the risk of BPD and IVH; and 4) CAT (CTC) decreased the risk of RDS. The rs8192287 SOD3 polymorphism is per se an independent predictor of a decreased risk of developing IVH. Different SOD2 polymorphisms are associated per se with a lower gestational age and/or birth weight, and haplotypes of SOD1, SOD3 and CAT genes may be independent protecting or risk markers for prematurity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betti Giusti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, University of Florence, Atherothrombotic Diseases Centre, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Dizdar EA, Uras N, Oguz S, Erdeve O, Sari FN, Aydemir C, Dilmen U. Total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status after surfactant treatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:462-7. [PMID: 21775575 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage is important in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, data on the effect of surfactant therapy on oxidative stress in vivo are limited. We aimed to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status in preterm infants with RDS via measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS), to determine the effect of surfactant on oxidant/antioxidant balance and to assess the association between TAC, TOS and clinical outcomes of the patients. METHODS Sixty-nine infants with RDS were included. Blood samples for determining TAC and TOS were collected before and 48 h after surfactant treatment. TAC and TOS levels were analysed in serum. Patients were followed up until discharge or death. RESULTS Post-surfactant TAC levels were significantly higher than pre-surfactant TAC levels (P = 0.029). TAC/TOS ratio significantly increased after surfactant treatment (P = 0.018). Infants <28 weeks of gestational age had lower levels of baseline TAC than those ≥28 weeks of gestational age (P = 0.020), whereas TOS levels were similar. Baseline TAC/TOS ratio was lower in infants who died in the study period than those who survived (P = 0.023). After controlling gestational age, baseline TAC levels were significantly and inversely correlated with the duration of total respiratory support (r = -0.343; P = 0.009) and hospitalization (r = -0.341; P = 0.009). TAC or TOS levels were not associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or other complications as determined during the investigation period. CONCLUSIONS Oxidant-antioxidant balance shifts in favour of the antioxidant system after surfactant treatment. Lower TAC/TOS ratio in preterm infants may be associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Alyamac Dizdar
- Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity and Teaching Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 06111 Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
Increasing attention has been placed on inhalation dosimetry in children because of children's greater air intake rate and unique windows of vulnerability for various toxicants and health outcomes. However, risk assessments have not incorporated this information because dosimetric adjustments have focused upon extrapolation across species rather than across age groups within the human population. The objectives of this study were to synthesize information regarding child/adult intake and dosimetry differences for particles and gases for potential application to risk assessment. Data and models gathered at a 2006 workshop and more recent studies were reviewed to better understand lung development and inhaled dose in children. The results show that child/adult differences exist both on a chemical intake basis and on a deposited or systemic dose basis. These differences can persist for several years and are not captured by standard intraspecies uncertainty factors or by USEPA's reference concentration (RfC) methodology. Options for incorporating children's inhalation exposures into human risk assessments include (1) 3-fold default air intake adjustment for the first 3 years of life with a reduced factor for older children; (2) superseding this default via simplified dosimetry models akin to USEPA's RfC methodology modified for children; (3) utilizing more sophisticated models with better anatomical and air flow descriptions; (4) running these models with input distributions to reflect interchild variability; (5) developing more advanced approaches involving imaging techniques and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. These options will enable children's inhaled dose to have a quantitative role in risk assessment that has been lacking and will establish a basis for ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ginsberg
- School of Community Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-6210, USA.
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20
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Makarewicz J, Lewiński A, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids - early effect. Thyroid Res 2010; 3:7. [PMID: 20925955 PMCID: PMC2964524 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioiodine (131I) therapy is widely accepted as an essential part of therapeutic regimens in many cases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiation-induced oxidative damage to macromolecules is a well known phenomenon. Frequently examined process to evaluate oxidative damage to macromolecules is lipid peroxidation (LPO), resulting from oxidative damage to membrane lipids. The aim of the study was to examine serum LPO level in hypothyroid (after total thyroidectomy) cancer patients subjected to ablative activities of 131I. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 21 patients (18 females and 3 males, average age 52.4 ± 16.5 years) after total thyroidectomy for papillary (17 patients) or follicular (4 patients) thyroid carcinoma. Hypothyroidism was confirmed by increased TSH blood concentration (BRAHMS, Germany), measured before 131I therapy. Activity of 2.8 - 6.9 GBq of 131I was administered to the patients orally as sodium iodide (OBRI, Poland). Concentrations of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA), as an index of LPO (LPO-586 kit, Calbiochem, USA), were measured in blood serum just before 131I administration (day "0") and on the days 1-4 after 131I therapy. Sera from 23 euthyroid patients served as controls. Correlations between LPO and TSH or 131I activity were calculated. RESULTS Expectedly, serum LPO level, when measured before 131I therapy, was several times higher (p < 0.00001) in cancer patients than in healthy subjects, which is probably due to hypothyroidism caused by total thyroidectomy. However, we did not observe any differences between LPO levels after and before 131I therapy. LPO did not correlate with TSH concentration. In turn, negative correlation was found between 131I activity and LPO level on the day "2" after radioiodine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids, at least early, after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Makarewicz
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Chair of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Dani C, Buonocore G, Longini M, Felici C, Rodriguez A, Corsini I, Rubaltelli FF. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in naturally derived commercial surfactants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44:1125-31. [PMID: 19830697 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the role of reactive oxygen species in the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, the anti-oxidant properties of commercial surfactants have never been studied. We measured the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, the scavenger activity against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and its changes after the addition of SOD and CAT in four natural surfactants, namely Infasurf, Curosurf, Survanta, and Alveofact. We found that they contain measurable amount of SOD and CAT. Curosurf and Survanta seem to have higher antioxidant effect than Infasurf and Alveofact. Moreover, the highest phospholipid concentration and recommended dose of Curosurf imply that its scavenger activity for each treatment dose in preterm infants is likely higher than that of Survanta. Finally, the supplementation with SOD and CAT induced a remarkable increase of antioxidant action in all studied surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dani
- Department of Surgical and Medical Critical Care, Section of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, 85 Florence, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
The discovery of melatonin and its derivatives as antioxidants has stimulated a very large number of studies which have, virtually uniformly, documented the ability of these molecules to detoxify harmful reactants and reduce molecular damage. These observations have clear clinical implications given that numerous age-related diseases in humans have an important free radical component. Moreover, a major theory to explain the processes of aging invokes radicals and their derivatives as causative agents. These conditions, coupled with the loss of melatonin as organisms age, suggest that some diseases and some aspects of aging may be aggravated by the diminished melatonin levels in advanced age. Another corollary of this is that the administration of melatonin, which has an uncommonly low toxicity profile, could theoretically defer the progression of some diseases and possibly forestall signs of aging. Certainly, research in the next decade will help to define the role of melatonin in age-related diseases and in determining successful aging. While increasing life span will not necessarily be a goal of these investigative efforts, improving health and the quality of life in the aged should be an aim of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Torrance HL, Mulder EJH, Brouwers HAA, van Bel F, Visser GHA. Respiratory outcome in preterm small for gestational age fetuses with or without abnormal umbilical artery Doppler and/or maternal hypertension. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 20:613-21. [PMID: 17674279 DOI: 10.1080/14767050701463662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study respiratory outcome in preterm small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses with or without signs of intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency, and with or without maternal hypertension. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 187 neonates with birth weight <10(th) percentile and gestational age <34 weeks. Results from umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry were used to identify the abnormal Doppler subgroup. RESULTS No significant difference in respiratory outcome between SGA fetuses with normal (SGA-N) or abnormal (SGA-A) umbilical artery Doppler examination was found. Within the SGA-A group, the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) incidence (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.7-18.3), RDS grade (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.2-38.5), and need for surfactant (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.1-24.4) were higher in infants of women with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome as compared to those of normotensive mothers. CONCLUSIONS Lung maturation is not accelerated with placental insufficiency. SGA-A fetuses of mothers with HELLP syndrome have a significantly poorer respiratory outcome than those with healthy mothers. Possibly, fetuses of mothers with HELLP syndrome are subjected to 'oxidative stress' causing lung damage rather than lung maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Torrance
- Perinatal Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Torrance HL, Voorbij HAM, Wijnberger LD, van Bel F, Visser GHA. Lung maturation in small for gestational age fetuses from pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency or maternal hypertension. Early Hum Dev 2008; 84:465-9. [PMID: 18249076 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies suggest that respiratory outcome of infants born preterm may be influenced by placental insufficiency and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. If so, one could expect to see differences in lung maturation indices (lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and lamellar body count (LBC)) in the amniotic fluid. The present study investigates lung maturation indices of preterm small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses with or without abnormal Doppler ultrasound examination and with or without maternal hypertension/HELLP syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of 76 neonates born in our center between 1997 and 2003 with gestational age (GA) <34 weeks, birth weight <p10 for GA and available results from amniocentesis. All analyses were corrected for potential confounders. RESULTS The L/S ratio was significantly higher in the abnormal Doppler group as compared to the normal Doppler group (p=0.02). The L/S ratio was significantly lower in hypertensive pregnancies as compared to normotensive pregnancies (p=0.02). Subdivision of the maternal hypertension group showed a significantly lower L/S ratio in the HELLP syndrome group as compared to the normotension group (p=0.04). CONCLUSION The L/S ratio of SGA fetuses is significantly higher in cases with presumed placental insufficiency and significantly lower when pregnancies are complicated by HELLP syndrome. These observations are in line with the hypothesis that placental insufficiency accelerates lung maturation and with recent reports of poorer respiratory outcome in infants from mothers with HELLP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Torrance
- Perinatal Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the contribution of erythroid apoptosis to neonatal idiopathic pathologic jaundice and to determine whether a measurement of the erythroid apoptosis value at birth could predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia during the first 15 days of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three groups were defined: group 1 (n = 101), healthy newborns whose erythroid apoptosis value and serum total bilirubin levels were detected from birth to day 15; group 2 (n = 24), newborns who were hospitalized for jaundice (serum total bilirubin level: > 12.9 mg/dL) without any identifiable pathologic cause; and group 3 (control group, n = 24), healthy newborns whose serum total bilirubin levels were < or = 12.9 mg/dL. Erythroid apoptosis value was assessed by flow cytometry using an annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate kit. RESULTS In group 1, there was no correlation between the erythroid apoptosis value and serum total bilirubin levels obtained at birth and at the fourth and 15th days of life; the erythrocyte apoptosis value obtained at birth was not significantly different between the neonates whose serum total bilirubin levels were > 12.9 and < or = 12.9 mg/dL and who had prolonged and nonprolonged jaundice during follow-up. The erythroid apoptosis value differed significantly between the newborns in groups 2 and 3. There was no significant correlation between the erythroid apoptosis value and serum total bilirubin levels of the infants in groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS The erythroid apoptosis value obtained at birth could not predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, but it was increased significantly in jaundiced neonates whose serum total bilirubin levels were > 12.9 mg/dL. In these infants, increase in the erythroid apoptosis value may be a result of the toxic effect of bilirubin or of a protective mechanism of neonates to increase heme turnover and bilirubin production to diminish oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ozkan
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neonatology, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
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Torrance HL, Krediet TG, Vreman HJ, Visser GHA, van Bel F. Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased in premature neonates of preeclamptic mothers with HELLP syndrome. Neonatology 2008; 94:138-42. [PMID: 18332643 DOI: 10.1159/000119724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) incidence is increased in infants of preeclamptic mothers with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. RDS and HELLP syndrome have been associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that end-tidal carbon monoxide corrected for inhaled CO (ETCOc), malondialdehyde (MDA) (markers of oxidative stress) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8) production are higher in infants of preeclamptic mothers with HELLP syndrome than in those of preeclamptic mothers without HELLP syndrome. METHODS Prospective study of 36 infants of preeclamptic mothers (GA <32 weeks) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. ETCOc was measured at 0-12, 48-72 and 168 h postnatally using the CO-Stattrade mark End-Tidal Breath Analyzer. Simultaneously, blood was sampled for MDA, IL-8 and IL-6. RESULTS At 0-12 h, ETCOc, MDA and IL-8 values (median[range]) were significantly higher in HELLP infants than in infants from preeclamptic mothers without HELLP (ETCOc 2.2 [1.5-3.9] vs. 1.8 [0.5-2.9] ppm; MDA 2.3 [1.3-4.1] vs. 1.5 [0.4-3.1] mumol/l; IL-8 145 [24-606] vs. 62 [26-397] pg/ml; all p <0.05). MDA remained significantly higher during the first 168 h of life (2.3 [0.8-5.8] vs. 1.1 [0.8-3.7] mumol/l, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased in infants of preeclamptic mothers with HELLP syndrome. These processes may cause inactivation of surfactant explaining the increased RDS incidence in these infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Torrance
- Perinatal Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Abstract
Melatonin may be ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. This review considers the evaluation of methods of melatonin determination in plant material and possible melatonin functions in plants. Concerning the determination methods, the only reliable techniques are liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry after some purification steps of the extract. Melatonin was shown to delay flower induction in some photoperiodic plants and in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium it replaces, in part, the requirement of darkness for cyst formation. Melatonin may also have a function as an antioxidant and it may possess some auxin-like effects. Finally, it may act as a signal for interaction of plants with herbivores and pests. Further research is needed to clarify these potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kolár
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Zhang J, Jin B, Li L, Block ER, Patel JM. Nitric oxide-induced persistent inhibition and nitrosylation of active site cysteine residues of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase in lung endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288:C840-9. [PMID: 15561762 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00325.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inhibition of cytochrome- c oxidase, a terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, by excessive nitric oxide (NO) derived from inflammation, polluted air, and tobacco smoke contributes to enhanced oxidant production and programmed cell death or apoptosis of lung cells. We sought to determine whether the long-term exposure of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) to pathophysiological concentrations of NO causes persistent inhibition of complex IV through redox modification of its key cysteine residues located in a putative NO-sensitive motif. Prolonged exposure of porcine PAEC to 1 mM 2,2′-(hydroxynitrosohydrazino)-bis-ethanamine (NOC-18; slow-releasing NO donor, equivalent to 1–5 μM NO) resulted in a gradual, persistent inhibition of complex IV concomitant with a reduction in ratios of mitochondrial GSH and GSSG. Overexpression of thioredoxin in mitochondria of PAEC attenuated NO-induced loss of complex IV activities, suggesting redox regulation of complex IV activity. Sequence analysis of complex IV subunits revealed a novel putative NO-sensitive motif in subunit II (S2). There are only two cysteine residues in porcine complex IV S2, located in the putative motif. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis and “biotin switch” assay demonstrated that exposure of PAEC to 1 mM NOC-18 increased S-nitrosylation of complex IV S2 by 200%. Site-directed mutagenesis of these two cysteines of complex IV S2 attenuated NO-increased nitrosylation of complex IV S2. These results demonstrate for the first time that NO nitrosylates active site cysteines of complex IV, which is associated with persistent inhibition of complex IV. NO inhibition of complex IV via nitrosylation of NO-sensitive cysteine residues can be a novel upstream event in NO-complex IV signaling for NO toxicity in lung endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhang
- Pulmonary Division, MSB M452, Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610-0225, USA.
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Gitto E, Reiter RJ, Amodio A, Romeo C, Cuzzocrea E, Sabatino G, Buonocore G, Cordaro V, Trimarchi G, Barberi I. Early indicators of chronic lung disease in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome and their inhibition by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2004; 36:250-5. [PMID: 15066049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2004.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Improved survival from advances in neonatal care has resulted in an increased number of infants at risk for chronic lung disease (CLD). Recently, it was reported that inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-8 are present in higher concentrations in lung lavage from babies who develop CLD. Previously, we found that melatonin reduced the rises in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha) and nitrite/nitrate levels in the serum of preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The values correlated with gestational age and iatrogenic trauma in the form of oxygen exposure and mechanical ventilation. Increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines may, therefore, be the most valuable early indicator of developing CLD and these measurements may assist in selecting infants for interventions such as melatonin treatment or more selective blockage of components of inflammation. In the current study, we extend the original observations and report results in which 120 newborns diagnosed with RDS were either treated with melatonin (60 children) or given placebo (60 children). The cytokine measures were consistent with the previously reported findings and showed that melatonin reduced these values and also lowered nitrite/nitrate levels in serum of newborns with respiratory distress. Furthermore, when nonmelatonin-treated newborns who developed CLD (eight infants) were examined separately, they had levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha and nitrite/nitrate values much higher than those in children who did not develop CLD. Two of the nonmelatonin-treated newborns died while no children who received melatonin died. Melatonin was well tolerated by the newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Gitto
- Institute of Medical Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, Italy
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other radicals are involved in a variety of biological phenomena, such as mutation, carcinogenesis, degenerative and other diseases, inflammation, aging, and development. ROS are well recognized for playing a dual role as deleterious and beneficial species. The objectives of this review are to describe oxidative stress phenomena, terminology, definitions, and basic chemical characteristics of the species involved; examine the biological targets susceptible to oxidation and the defense mechanisms of the organism against these reactive metabolites; and analyze methodologies, including immunohistochemical markers, used in toxicological pathology in the visualization of oxidative stress phenomena. Direct detection of ROS and other free radicals is difficult, because these molecules are short-lived and highly reactive in a nonspecific manner. Ongoing oxidative damage is, thus, generally analyzed by measurement of secondary products including derivatives of amino acids, nuclei acids, and lipid peroxidation. Attention has been focused on electrochemical methods based on voltammetry measurements for evaluating the total reducing power of biological fluids and tissues. This approach can function as a tool to assess the antioxidant-reducing profile of a biological site and follow changes in pathological situations. This review thus includes different topics essential for understanding oxidative stress phenomena and provides tools for those intending to conduct study and research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Kohen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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