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Perkins KA. Acute nicotine reinforcement requires ability to discriminate the stimulus effects of nicotine. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:253-268. [PMID: 33119384 PMCID: PMC8406437 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review of research on behavioral discrimination of nicotine and how it informs public health policy for reducing risk of tobacco dependence is adapted from Kenneth A. Perkins's American Psychological Association Division 28 (Psychopharmacology and Substance Abuse) 2020 Med Associates Brady/Schuster Award Lecture. The author's initial programmatic clinical research on nicotine is introduced, especially efforts to develop and validate a novel method of acute nicotine dosing. After the public health rationale for characterizing the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in humans are described, details from two separate programs of research on nicotine discrimination in humans are presented. The first, conducted with nicotine dosing by nasal spray, documented that humans could discriminate nicotine administered rapidly, examined nicotine's neuropharmacological specificity, identified discrimination threshold dose in smokers and nonsmokers, and explored other conditions that might alter ability to discriminate its effects. The second, more recent program focused on threshold doses for discrimination of nicotine by cigarette smoking, a program that was very difficult to do until the past decade, and how nicotine's self-reported "reward" and preference via choice behavior relate to its discriminability. Differences due to menthol and degree of tobacco dependence were also examined. For each of these two programs, the main findings of selected studies are noted, followed by very recent work on nicotine discrimination and choice that informs Food and Drug Administration's efforts to formulate public policy to improve health and reduce the nearly half million American deaths per year due to persistent tobacco use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Veerappa A, Pendyala G, Guda C. A systems omics-based approach to decode substance use disorders and neuroadaptations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:61-80. [PMID: 34411560 PMCID: PMC8511293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a group of neuropsychiatric conditions manifesting due to excessive dependence on potential drugs of abuse such as psychostimulants, opioids including prescription opioids, alcohol, inhalants, etc. Experimental studies have generated enormous data in the area of SUDs, but outcomes from such data have remained largely fragmented. In this review, we attempt to coalesce these data points providing an important first step towards our understanding of the etiology of SUDs. We propose and describe a 'core addictome' pathway that behaves central to all SUDs. Besides, we also have made some notable observations paving way for several hypotheses; MECP2 behaves as a master switch during substance use; five distinct gene clusters were identified based on respective substance addiction; a central cluster of genes serves as a hub of the addiction pathway connecting all other substance addiction clusters. In addition to describing these findings, we have emphasized the importance of some candidate genes that are of substantial interest for further investigation and serve as high-value targets for translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Veerappa
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Fisher ML, Pauly JR, Froeliger B, Turner JR. Translational Research in Nicotine Addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039776. [PMID: 32513669 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While commendable strides have been made in reducing smoking initiation and improving smoking cessation rates, current available smoking cessation treatment options are still only mildly efficacious and show substantial interindividual variability in their therapeutic responses. Therefore, the primary goal of preclinical research has been to further the understanding of the neural substrates and genetic influences involved in nicotine's effects and reassess potential drug targets. Pronounced advances have been made by investing in new translational approaches and placing more emphasis on bridging the gap between human and rodent models of dependence. Functional neuroimaging studies have identified key brain structures involved with nicotine-dependence phenotypes such as craving, impulsivity, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking cessation outcomes. Following up with these findings, rodent-modeling techniques have made it possible to dissect the neural circuits involved in these motivated behaviors and ascertain mechanisms underlying nicotine's interactive effects on brain structure and function. Likewise, translational studies investigating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the cholinergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems have found high levels of involvement of these neurotransmitter systems in regulating the reinforcing aspects of nicotine in both humans and mouse models. These findings and coordinated efforts between human and rodent studies pave the way for future work determining gene by drug interactions and tailoring treatment options to each individual smoker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Fisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - James R Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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Perkins KA, Karelitz JL. A Forced-Choice Procedure to Assess the Acute Relative Reinforcing Effects of Nicotine Dose per se in Humans. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 22:1685-1693. [PMID: 31800053 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A method to assess acute reinforcement due to nicotine may aid identification of doses needed to maintain dependence. After describing development of a forced-choice procedure, results are presented from two studies using it to determine the relative reinforcing effects of nicotine dose per se. AIMS AND METHODS Choice between a higher versus a very low or no nicotine option, via smoking (Study 1, n = 59) and via nasal spray (Study 2, n = 42), was assessed in nontreatment-seeking dependent smokers abstinent overnight. Using a within-subject design, different nicotine levels for each product were administered under blind conditions, initially to assess their discriminability (Study 1: 1.3-17 mg/g each vs. 0.4 mg/g nicotine Spectrum cigarettes; Study 2: 2.5 µg/kg vs. 0 µg/kg nicotine per spray). At the end of sessions for each study, participants engaged in forced-choice trials to assess preference, requiring a fixed number of puffs/sprays for one and/or the other. RESULTS Confirming the procedure's validity, the choice of the higher nicotine option was significantly greater than that for the very low or no nicotine option in both studies. In Study 1, choice relative to 0.4 mg/g was greater for cigarettes 5.3 mg/g or more but not 2.3 mg/g or less (p = .003 for the interaction of higher content vs. 0.4 mg/g comparison). In Study 2, choice was greater for the nicotine versus placebo spray (p < .005), as nicotine was preferred nearly twice as much as the placebo. CONCLUSION This forced-choice procedure may efficiently determine the relative reinforcing value of a nicotine dose per se. IMPLICATIONS The forced-choice procedure described here may identify nicotine doses that are acutely reinforcing in dependent smokers. A priori research of choice comparisons between small versus zero nicotine doses could inform clinical research in larger and more diverse samples to determine nicotine contents in cigarettes, and perhaps in other commercial products, that are not reinforcing and, thus, likely to reduce the risk of their addictiveness. This procedure may also be applicable to assessing changes in acute nicotine reinforcement due to different product formulations, novel drugs, or other manipulations, perhaps helping inform development of new interventions for cessation or harm reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua L Karelitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Konjevod M, Nikolac Perkovic M, Svob Strac D, Uzun S, Nedic Erjavec G, Kozumplik O, Tudor L, Mimica N, Hirasawa-Fujita M, Domino EF, Pivac N. Significant association of mu-opioid receptor 1 haplotype with tobacco smoking in healthy control subjects but not in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113278. [PMID: 32763540 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. The underlying neurobiology of nicotine addiction is complex. Rewarding effects of nicotine from cigarettes are associated, among others, with mu-opioid receptors encoded by the OPRM1 gene. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between two OPRM1 gene polymorphisms, rs1799971 and rs510769, and tobacco smoking in Caucasian patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and healthy control subjects. The study included 1058 Caucasians (277 patients with schizophrenia, 359 patients with alcohol dependence, and 422 healthy control subjects), subdivided according to the nicotine dependence into smokers (i.e. current smokers) and non-smokers. A significant association was found between the GC haplotype (OPRM1 rs1799971 and rs510769) and smoking in healthy controls, but not in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. A nominal association was detected in all cases/controls, but this significance did not survive the correction for the multiple testing. This is the first study to reveal that nicotine dependence is associated with the GC haplotype of the OPRM1 rs1799971 and rs510769 in all subjects or specifically in healthy controls. These results did not confirm the strong connection between OPRM1 polymorphisms and nicotine dependence in schizophrenia or alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mika Hirasawa-Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, United States
| | - Edward F Domino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, United States
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Shoaib M, Perkins KA. Preclinical and clinical research on the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108063. [PMID: 32220607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Across species, nicotine can produce robust discriminative stimulus (DS) effects, as with other drugs of abuse, a feature that has been harnessed to advance our understanding on the neuropharmacological mechanisms of nicotine's actions. With the crucial role played by nicotine in supporting tobacco dependence, nicotine DS effects have presented an ideal platform to develop novel generation of smoking cessation compounds. Findings from preclinical strands of research have invigorated the field of human discrimination research to objectively assess nicotine's interoceptive stimulus effects. As such, translation studies provide proof of concept for nicotine DS research as a method to assess the subjective effects of nicotine per se, separate from non-nicotine stimuli involved in smoking. Recent clinical studies with low doses have demonstrated that perceiving nicotine's DS effects is necessary, yet not sufficient, for that dose to be reinforcing. These measures have been instrumental in developing novel strategies with regards to establishing threshold doses of nicotine contained in tobacco products, to then determine subthreshold doses that cannot be discriminated and, therefore, fail to maintain reinforcement. Findings from preclinical and clinical nicotine DS research could substantially inform public health policies aimed at regulating nicotine content of consumer products so that they minimize risks of dependency. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shoaib
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Kenneth A Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Roche DJO, Trela CJ, Argos M, Jasmine F, Kibriya MG, Ahsan H, King AC. Lack of Association between Opioid-Receptor Genotypes and Smoking Cessation Outcomes in a Randomized, Controlled Naltrexone Trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 54:559-565. [PMID: 31206155 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study examined how variation in mu- (OPRM1), kappa- (OPRK), and delta- (OPRD) opioid receptor genes may influence the efficacy of naltrexone in the context of a smoking cessation trial. METHODS The study's primary objective was to examine the association of the Asn40Asp OPRM1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with naltrexone's effects on smoking quit rate, weight gain, and heavy drinking behavior during a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 280 adult DSM-IV nicotine-dependent participants. The secondary goal of the study was to examine the relationship of 20 additional SNPs of OPRM1, OPRK, and OPRD with the aforementioned outcomes. RESULTS Results indicated a null association between any opioid-receptor gene SNP and naltrexone's effects on smoking quit rate, weight gain, and heavy drinking behavior in this sample of nicotine dependent participants. CONCLUSIONS In sum, these results do not suggest that genetic variation in opioid-receptors is related to treatment responses to naltrexone in a smoking cessation trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O Roche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Constantine J Trela
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Public Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrea C King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Tolami HF, Sharafshah A, Tolami LF, Keshavarz P. Haplotype-Based Association and In Silico Studies of OPRM1 Gene Variants with Susceptibility to Opioid Dependence Among Addicted Iranians Undergoing Methadone Treatment. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:504-513. [PMID: 31853823 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The associations of OPRM1 gene variants with opioid dependence have been demonstrated. This study investigated the association of rs495491, rs1799971 (A118G), rs589046, and rs10457090 variants of OPRM1 gene with opium dependence and their haplotypes among addicted individuals undergoing methadone treatment. Moreover, we investigated whether any of these variants were associated with libido dysfunction or insomnia among addicted people. A total of 404 individuals were genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. In silico studies were designed through homology modeling of A118G structures (N40 and D40) and docked with 41 FDA-approved drugs of OPRM1 protein by SWISS-MODEL, COACH, MolProbity, ProSA, Errat, Glide XP, and Autodock 4. Results revealed that rs495491, A118G, rs589046, and rs10457090 were significantly associated with opium dependence under recessive (P = 6.66E-10), dominant (P = 0.017), co-dominant (P = 0.001), and recessive (P = 9.28E-6) models of inheritance, respectively. Further analyses indicated three significant haplotypes including A-A-A-C (P-permutation < 1E-9), G-G-A-C (P-permutation = 0.04), and G-A-G-C (P-permutation = 8.69E-4). Genotype-phenotype associations of OPRM1 variants with insomnia and libido dysfunction showed no significant association. Docking showed the higher binding affinity of N40 rather than D40 model; however, methadone and morphine were bonded with D40 structure more powerful. Consequently, rs495491, A118G, rs589046, and rs10457090 were associated with opioid dependence among Iranians; also, A118G might be the most remarkable marker of OPRM1 owing to its vital structural roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyeh Fazel Tolami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Laleh Fazel Tolami
- Medical and Emergency Management Center of Guilan, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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9
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Browne CA, Lucki I. Targeting opioid dysregulation in depression for the development of novel therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:51-76. [PMID: 31051197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the serendipitous discovery of the first class of modern antidepressants in the 1950's, all pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for major depressive disorder (MDD) have shared a common mechanism of action, increased monoaminergic neurotransmission. Despite the widespread availability of antidepressants, as many as 50% of depressed patients are resistant to these conventional therapies. The significant length of time required to produce meaningful symptom relief with these medications, 4-6 weeks, indicates that other mechanisms are likely involved in the pathophysiology of depression which may yield more viable targets for drug development. For decades, no viable candidate target with a different mechanism of action to that of conventional therapies proved successful in clinical studies. Now several exciting avenues for drug development are under intense investigation. One of these emerging targets is modulation of endogenous opioid tone. This review will evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence pertaining to opioid dysregulation in depression, focusing on the role of the endogenous ligands endorphin, enkephalin, dynorphin, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and their respective receptors, mu (MOR), delta (DOR), kappa (KOR), and the N/OFQ receptor (NOP) in mediating behaviors relevant to depression and anxiety. Finally, putative opioid based antidepressants that are under investigation in clinical trials, ALKS5461, JNJ-67953964 (formerly LY2456302 and CERC-501) and BTRX-246040 (formerly LY-2940094) will be discussed. This review will illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting opioid dysregulation in developing novel therapies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Browne
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America.
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Bozinoff N, Le Foll B. Understanding the implications of the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction and its impact on the efficacy of treatment. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:793-804. [PMID: 30092681 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1507736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. There are efficacious behavioral and pharmacological options for smoking cessation including three FDA approved therapies - nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion. Nevertheless, uptake of smoking cessation treatments continues to be poor and there is a need for novel smoking cessation treatments. Areas covered: This article reviews the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction, its implications for smoking cessation treatments, the various neurotransmitter systems involved in nicotine addictive effects, and their potential therapeutic value. Included are discussions around the role of genetic factors in predicting response to pharmacotherapy and what we know about appropriate application of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco use disorder. The evidence for harm reduction measures in individuals who are not willing or able to quit smoking is also reviewed. Expert commentary: Many neurotransmitter system targets have been investigated as a result of our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of tobacco use disorder, and there remain important targets that have yet to be fully explored. rTMS or combination therapies are proposed as possible novel strategies to improve smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Bozinoff
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Addiction Medicine Service, Acute Care Program , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Addiction Medicine Service, Acute Care Program , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada.,c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,d Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH , Toronto , Canada.,e Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
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Perkins KA, Karelitz JL, Kunkle N. Evaluation of menthol per se on acute perceptions and behavioral choice of cigarettes differing in nicotine content. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:324-331. [PMID: 29468937 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117742660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subjective perceptions and self-administration of cigarettes are each influenced by nicotine. Yet, differences specifically due to menthol in perceptions and choice of cigarettes varying in nicotine, and the association between these responses, have not been directly tested. Using a mixed between- and within-subjects design, acute responses to each of two menthol or non-menthol Spectrum research cigarettes, moderate (16-17 mg/g) versus very low (0.4 mg/g) in nicotine contents, were compared following brief abstinence in adult smokers preferring menthol ( n=44) or non-menthol ( n=29) brands. To ensure reliable perceptions, they experienced five exposures to each cigarette, then chose between them. All perceptions and choices were greater for moderate vs very low nicotine, as expected, and the magnitude of difference in four of six perceptions was associated with subsequently greater choice of the moderate nicotine cigarette. Importantly, virtually no differences were found between menthol and non-menthol, as nearly all perceptions, cigarette choices, and the association between perceptions and choice were not moderated by menthol or the interaction of nicotine by menthol. Our results indicate perceptions and reinforcement from cigarettes do not differ due to menthol when nicotine content and smoking topography are carefully controlled. Thus, regardless of menthol, smoking perceptions directly predict self-administration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Kunkle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Belzeaux R, Lalanne L, Kieffer BL, Lutz PE. Focusing on the Opioid System for Addiction Biomarker Discovery. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:206-220. [PMID: 29396147 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) and behavioral addictions are devastating conditions that impose a severe burden on all societies, and represent difficult challenges for clinicians. Therefore, biomarkers are urgently needed to help predict vulnerability, clinical course, and response to treatment. Here, we elaborate on the potential for addiction biomarker discovery of the opioid system, particularly within the emerging framework aiming to probe opioid function in peripheral tissues. Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors all critically regulate neurobiological and behavioral processes that define addiction, and are also targeted by major pharmacotherapies used in the management of patients with SUD. We propose that opioid biomarkers may have the potential to improve and guide diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in the addiction field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Belzeaux
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; INT-UMR7289,CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Laurence Lalanne
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Medical School of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Medical School of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Current address: Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Bough KJ, Pollock JD. Defining Substance Use Disorders: The Need for Peripheral Biomarkers. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:109-120. [PMID: 29396146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a brain disease, and current diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders (SUDs) are qualitative. Nevertheless, scientific advances are beginning to characterize neurobiological domains. Combining multiple units of measure may provide an opportunity to deconstruct the heterogeneities of a SUD and define endophenotypes by using peripheral biospecimens. There are several recent examples of potential biomarker types that can be examined, together with their categorical applications for SUDs. We propose that, in conjunction with rapidly advancing statistical and mathematical modeling techniques, there is now a unique opportunity for the discovery of composite biomarkers within specific domains of addiction; these may lay the foundation for future biomarker qualification, with important implications for drug development and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Bough
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Pollock
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Association of opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with nicotine dependence. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84329-84337. [PMID: 29137427 PMCID: PMC5663599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Object Whether opioid-receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) is associated with nicotine dependence is controversial. We analyzed the combined results from published studies of this possibility. Methods Literature reviews were performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Web of Science, Chinese National Science Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar database searches using MeSH terms were conducted to find all relevant researches up to October 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and recessive models. Ethnicity-specific subgroup meta-analysis, heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were considered. Results Seven eligible studies with 3313 patients were included. The ORs in the five genetic models mentioned above were 1.000 (95% CI: 0.906, 1.104; p = 0.999), 1.032 (95% CI: 0.771, 1.381; p = 0.834), 0.963 (95% CI: 0.799, 1.162; p = 0.696), 1.006 (95% CI: 0.916, 1.104; p = 0.907), 0.967 (95% CI: 0.715, 1.309; p = 0.830), respectively. Only in dominant model is the association significant. Upon ethnicity-specific subgroup analysis, there is no statistical significance. Conclusion OPRM1-A118G polymorphism (A>G) is not associated with nicotine dependence.
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Hirasawa-Fujita M, Bly MJ, Ellingrod VL, Dalack GW, Domino EF. Genetic Variation of the Mu Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) and Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2) is Related to Smoking Differences in Patients with Schizophrenia but not Bipolar Disorder. CLINICAL SCHIZOPHRENIA & RELATED PSYCHOSES 2017; 11:39-48. [PMID: 28548579 PMCID: PMC4366347 DOI: 10.3371/1935-1232-11.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is not known why mentally ill persons smoke excessively. Inasmuch as endogenous opioid and dopaminergic systems are involved in smoking reinforcement, it is important to study mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G (rs1799971), dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) Taq1A (rs1800497) genotypes, and sex differences among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Smokers and nonsmokers with schizophrenia (n=177) and bipolar disorder (n=113) were recruited and genotyped. They were classified into three groups: current smoker, former smoker, and never smoker by tobacco smoking status self-report. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was used as the major tobacco smoking parameter. In patients with schizophrenia, tobacco smoking prevalence was greater in males than in females as expected, but women had greater daily cigarette consumption (p<0.01). Subjects with schizophrenia who had the OPRM1 *G genotype smoked more cigarettes per day than the AA allele carriers with schizophrenia (p<0.05). DRD2 Taq1A genotype differences had no effect on the number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, female smokers with schizophrenia who were GG homozygous of the DRD2 receptor smoked more than the *A male smokers with schizophrenia (p<0.05). In bipolar patients, there were no OPRM1 and DRD2 Taq1A genotype differences in smoking status. There also were no sex differences for smoking behavior among the bipolar patients. The results of this study indicate that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the less functional mu opioid receptor increases tobacco smoking in patients with schizophrenia. Alteration of DRD2 receptor function also increased smoking behavior in females with schizophrenia.
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Norman H, D'Souza MS. Endogenous opioid system: a promising target for future smoking cessation medications. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1371-1394. [PMID: 28285326 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine addiction continues to be a health challenge across the world. Despite several approved medications, smokers continue to relapse. Several human and animal studies have evaluated the role of the endogenous opioid system as a potential target for smoking cessation medications. METHODS In this review, studies that have elucidated the role of the mu (MORs), delta (DORs), and kappa (KORs) opioid receptors in nicotine reward, nicotine withdrawal, and reinstatement of nicotine seeking will be discussed. Additionally, the review will discuss discrepancies in the literature and therapeutic potential of the endogenous opioid system, and suggest studies to address gaps in knowledge with respect to the role of the opioid receptors in nicotine dependence. RESULTS Data available till date suggest that blockade of the MORs and DORs decreased the rewarding effects of nicotine, while activation of the MORs and DORs decreased nicotine withdrawal-induced aversive effects. In contrast, activation of the KORs decreased the rewarding effects of nicotine, while blockade of the KORs decreased nicotine withdrawal-induced aversive effects. Interestingly, blockade of the MORs and KORs attenuated reinstatement of nicotine seeking. In humans, MOR antagonists have shown benefits in select subpopulations of smokers and further investigation is required to realize their full therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION Future work must assess the influence of polymorphisms in opioid receptor-linked genes in nicotine dependence, which will help in both identifying individuals vulnerable to nicotine addiction and the development of opioid-based smoking cessation medications. Overall, the endogenous opioid system continues to be a promising target for future smoking cessation medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haval Norman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH, 45810, USA
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH, 45810, USA.
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Mantey DS, Harrell MB, Case K, Crook B, Kelder SH, Perry CL. Subjective experiences at first use of cigarette, e-cigarettes, hookah, and cigar products among Texas adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 173:10-16. [PMID: 28182981 PMCID: PMC5432196 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subjective experiences ("SEs") at first cigarette use have been thoroughly examined; however, limited research has examined SEs at first use of non-cigarette products. This study addresses this gap in the literature. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 6th, 8th and 10th grade students in four metropolitan areas of Texas (n=3907/N=461,069). Nausea, coughing, relaxation, rush/buzz, and dizziness at first use were assessed for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, and cigar products. Chi-square analyses examined differences in the prevalence of first use SEs by product. Weighted multiple logistic regression analyses examined the association of SEs and current product use. Covariates were grade, gender, race/ethnicity, and current other tobacco product use. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis of SEs determined differing factor structures across tobacco products. For example, the following items loaded onto the positive SE factor: 1) relaxation, rush, and dizziness for cigarettes, and 2) relaxation and rush for e-cigarettes, hookah, and cigar products. Prevalence of negative SEs (coughing and nausea) were higher for cigarette and cigar products compared to e-cigarettes and hookah. Positive SEs for cigarettes were associated with increased odds of current cigarette use (AOR=1.51); similarly positive SEs for cigars were associated with increased odds of current cigar use (AOR=2.11). Feeling nauseous at first use of cigars was associated with decreased odds of current cigar use (AOR=0.18). No SEs were associated with current e-cigarette or hookah use. CONCLUSIONS Subjective experiences at first use differ by tobacco product. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine temporal relationships between SEs at first use and sustained tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Mantey
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, Texas 78701, USA.
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, Texas 78701, USA
| | - Kathleen Case
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, Texas 78701, USA
| | - Brittani Crook
- Center for Health Communication Affiliated Fellow, Moody College of Communication, University of Texas at Austin,300 W. Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Steven H Kelder
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, Texas 78701, USA
| | - Cheryl L Perry
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin, Texas 78701, USA
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Browne CA, Erickson RL, Blendy JA, Lucki I. Genetic variation in the behavioral effects of buprenorphine in female mice derived from a murine model of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:401-407. [PMID: 28188737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic studies have identified the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (A118G) in the human mu opioid receptor (MOR) gene (OPRM1) as a critical genetic variant capable of altering the efficacy of opioid therapeutics. To date few studies have explored the potential impact of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism on the pharmacological effects of buprenorphine (BPN), a potent MOR partial agonist and kappa opioid receptor antagonist, which is approved by the FDA for the treatment of opioid addiction and chronic pain. The goal of these studies was to determine whether the MOR-mediated behavioral effects of BPN were altered in the Oprm1 A112G mouse model of the human OPRM1 A118G SNP. All studies were conducted in female, AA, AG and GG mice. BPN's maximal analgesic effect in the hot plate test was significantly blunted in AG and GG mice compared to wild type AA mice. Similarly, the BPN-induced reduction of latency to consume food in the novelty induced hypophagia test was blocked entirely in AG and GG mice compared to their AA littermates. In addition, GG mice exhibited marked reductions in psychostimulant hyperlocomotor activity compared to the AA group. In contrast, reduced immobility in the forced swim test, an effect of BPN mediated by kappa opioid receptors, was not affected by genotype. These studies demonstrate the ability of the Oprm1 A112G SNP to attenuate the analgesic, anxiolytic and hyperlocomotor effects of BPN. Overall, these data suggest that the OPRM1 A118G SNP will significantly impact the clinical efficacy of BPN in its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Browne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Rebecca L Erickson
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Audrain-McGovern J, Strasser AA, Wileyto EP. Can repetitive mental simulation of smoking engender habituation? Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 24:415-422. [PMID: 27929344 PMCID: PMC5161108 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cue exposure sensitizes smokers to cigarettes (i.e., increases cravings). Research examining the overlap between perception and mental imagery suggests that mentally simulating smoking a cigarette in a manner analogous to actually smoking should lead to habituation or a decrease in a smoker's motivation to smoke. The authors sought to determine whether repetitive mental simulation of smoking can engender habituation thereby reducing smoking cue-induced craving and shifts in mood, latency to smoke, and the hedonic response to smoking. These hypotheses were tested in nontreatment seeking smokers (n = 61; 24 women/37 men) ages 18-55 years old, who were not incentivized to quit. The authors used a 2 (in vivo cue: smoking, neutral) × 2 (imagery: repetitive, limited) within-subjects design. Results revealed that repetitive imagery altered the effect of cue type for negative mood and subjective cigarette reward as evidenced by significant Imagery × Cue interactions. Repetitive imagery after a smoking cue reduced negative mood more than limited imagery (β = -1.19, p = .004). Repetitive imagery also reduced the reward derived from smoking a cigarette more than limited imagery (β = -.41, p < .0001). Only main effects of cue type on craving (β = 3.39, p = .01) and positive mood (β = -1.18, p = .03) were found. Greater imagery strength predicted a longer latency to smoke (β = .76, p = .001). Cognitive strategies that directly engage cue-induced craving through repetitive smoking imagery may reduce smoking cue-induced increases in negative mood and reward from a cigarette lapse potentially preventing smoking relapse. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew A Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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20
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Audrain-McGovern J, Strasser AA, Wileyto EP. The impact of flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of e-cigarettes with nicotine among young adult smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 166:263-7. [PMID: 27426010 PMCID: PMC4995771 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flavored e-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young adults who also smoke cigarettes. We sought to determine whether flavoring enhances the subjective rewarding value, relative reinforcing value, and absolute reinforcing value of an e-cigarette with nicotine compared to an unflavored e-cigarette with nicotine. METHODS Using a within-subjects design, young adult smokers (n=32) participated in three human laboratory sessions. Session 1 evaluated the rewarding value of flavoring by having participants rate unflavored and flavored e-cigarettes with nicotine. Session 2 assessed the relative reinforcing value of a flavored vs unflavored e-cigarette via a choice task that evaluated the willingness to "work" to hit targets on a computer screen to earn flavored or unflavored e-cigarette puffs. Session 3 measured the absolute reinforcing value of flavored versus unflavored e-cigarettes via a 90-min ad-libitum vaping session where puffs from each e-cigarette were counted. RESULTS Subjective reward value was higher for the flavored versus the unflavored e-cigarette (β=0.83, CI 0.35-1.32, p=0.001). Participants worked harder for flavored e-cigarette puffs versus unflavored e-cigarette puffs (breakpoint=5.7; 597 responses versus 127 responses; β=460.733, CI 246.58-674.88, p<0.0001). Participants took twice as many flavored puffs than unflavored e-cigarette puffs (40 vs 23 puffs; IRR=2.028, CI 1.183-3.475, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Flavoring enhances the rewarding and reinforcing value of e-cigarettes with nicotine, and thus their abuse liability in young adult smokers. Further research is necessary to determine whether the use of flavoring in e-cigarettes impacts cigarette smoking behavior among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Audrain-McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Andrew A. Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - E. Paul Wileyto
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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21
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Bernardi RE, Zohsel K, Hirth N, Treutlein J, Heilig M, Laucht M, Spanagel R, Sommer WH. A gene-by-sex interaction for nicotine reward: evidence from humanized mice and epidemiology. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e861. [PMID: 27459726 PMCID: PMC5545715 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that vulnerability to nicotine addiction is moderated by variation at the μ-opioid receptor locus (OPRM1), but results from human studies vary and prospective studies based on genotype are lacking. We have developed a humanized mouse model of the most common functional OPRM1 polymorphism rs1799971_A>G (A118G). Here we use this model system together with a cohort of German youth to examine the role of the OPRM1 A118G variation on nicotine reward. Nicotine reinforcement was examined in the humanized mouse model using i.v. self-administration. Male (n=17) and female (n=26) mice homozygous either for the major human A allele (AA) or the minor G allele (GG) underwent eight daily 2 h sessions of nicotine self-administration. Furthermore, male (n=104) and female (n=118) subjects homozygous for the A allele or carrying the G allele from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk were evaluated for pleasurable and unpleasant experiences during their initial smoking experience. A significant sex-by-genotype effect was observed for nicotine self-administration. Male 118GG mice demonstrated higher nicotine intake than male 118AA mice, suggesting increased nicotine reinforcement. In contrast, there was no genotype effect in female mice. Human male G allele carriers reported increased pleasurable effects from their first smoking experience, as compared to male homozygous A, female G and female homozygous A allele carriers. The 118G allele appears to confer greater sensitivity to nicotine reinforcement in males, but not females.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central
Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg
University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Zohsel
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty
Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - N Hirth
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central
Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg
University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Treutlein
- Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute
of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,
Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective
Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping,
Sweden
| | - M Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty
Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany
| | - R Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central
Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg
University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - W H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central
Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg
University, Mannheim, Germany,Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of
Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,
Mannheim, Germany,Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental
Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Square
J5, Mannheim
68159, Germany; E-mail:
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Park SJ, Yi B, Lee HS, Oh WY, Na HK, Lee M, Yang M. To quit or not: Vulnerability of women to smoking tobacco. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:33-56. [PMID: 26669465 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2015.1131539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is currently on the rise among women, and can pose a greater health risk. In order to understand the nature of the increase in smoking prevalence among women, we focused on the vulnerability of women to smoking behaviors--smoking cessation or tobacco addiction--and performed a systematic review of the socioeconomic and intrinsic factors as well as tobacco ingredients that affect women's susceptibility to smoking tobacco. We observed that nicotine and other tobacco components including cocoa-relatives, licorice products, and menthol aggravate tobacco addiction in women rather than in men. Various genetic and epigenetic alterations in dopamine pathway and the pharmaco-kinetics and -dynamic factors of nicotine also showed potential evidences for high susceptibility to tobacco addiction in women. Therefore, we suggest systemic approaches to prevent tobacco smoking-related health risks, considering gene-environment-gender interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jung Park
- a Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Bitna Yi
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California , USA
| | - Ho-Sun Lee
- a Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Yeon Oh
- a Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Na
- a Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Lee
- a Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Mihi Yang
- a Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Kleinjan M, Engels RCME, DiFranza JR. Parental smoke exposure and the development of nicotine craving in adolescent novice smokers: the roles of DRD2, DRD4, and OPRM1 genotypes. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 26449981 PMCID: PMC4599744 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among adolescent novice smokers, craving is often the first, and is the most reported, symptom of nicotine dependence. Until now, little has been known about the development of craving symptoms in novice smokers. The aim of this study was to identify specific genetic (i.e., DRD2 Taq1A, DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and OPRM1 A118G polymorphisms) and environmental mechanisms that underlie the emergence of both cue-induced and cognitive craving among adolescent novice smokers. METHOD A five-wave longitudinal, genetically-informed survey study was conducted with intervals of four months. The sample included 376 early adolescent smokers (12-13 years of age at baseline). Self-report questionnaires were completed regarding smoking behavior, observed parental smoking behavior, and both cue-induced and cognitive craving. RESULTS Data were analyzed with a latent growth curve approach. For both cue-induced and cognitive craving, significant interaction effects were found for DRD2 Taq1A with parental smoke exposure. A1-allele carriers did not seem to be influenced by the environment with regard to craving development. Adolescents who are homozygous for the A2-allele and who are more exposed to parental smoking experience the highest levels of both types of craving over time. No significant interaction effects were found between parental smoke exposure and DRD4 48 bp VNTR or OPRM1 A118G. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies identified DRD2 Taq1A A1-allele carriers as vulnerable to developing nicotine dependence. However, this study showed that parental smoking increased the chances of developing dependence more rapidly for early adolescents who are considered to be less sensitive to the rewarding effects of nicotine according to their DRD2 Taq1A genotype. It is thus especially important that these young people not be exposed to smoking in their social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joseph R DiFranza
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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Association of the OPRM1 Variant rs1799971 (A118G) with Non-Specific Liability to Substance Dependence in a Collaborative de novo Meta-Analysis of European-Ancestry Cohorts. Behav Genet 2015; 46:151-69. [PMID: 26392368 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mu1 opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, has long been a high-priority candidate for human genetic studies of addiction. Because of its potential functional significance, the non-synonymous variant rs1799971 (A118G, Asn40Asp) in OPRM1 has been extensively studied, yet its role in addiction has remained unclear, with conflicting association findings. To resolve the question of what effect, if any, rs1799971 has on substance dependence risk, we conducted collaborative meta-analyses of 25 datasets with over 28,000 European-ancestry subjects. We investigated non-specific risk for "general" substance dependence, comparing cases dependent on any substance to controls who were non-dependent on all assessed substances. We also examined five specific substance dependence diagnoses: DSM-IV alcohol, opioid, cannabis, and cocaine dependence, and nicotine dependence defined by the proxy of heavy/light smoking (cigarettes-per-day >20 vs. ≤ 10). The G allele showed a modest protective effect on general substance dependence (OR = 0.90, 95% C.I. [0.83-0.97], p value = 0.0095, N = 16,908). We observed similar effects for each individual substance, although these were not statistically significant, likely because of reduced sample sizes. We conclude that rs1799971 contributes to mechanisms of addiction liability that are shared across different addictive substances. This project highlights the benefits of examining addictive behaviors collectively and the power of collaborative data sharing and meta-analyses.
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Abstract
The aim of Addiction Biology is to advance our understanding of the action of drugs of abuse and addictive processes via the publication of high-impact clinical and pre-clinical findings resulting from behavioral, molecular, genetic, biochemical, neurobiological and pharmacological research. As of 2013, Addiction Biology is ranked number 1 in the category of Substance Abuse journals (SCI). Occasionally, Addiction Biology likes to highlight via review important findings focused on a particular topic and recently published in the journal. The current review summarizes a number of key publications from Addiction Biology that have contributed to the current knowledge of nicotine research, comprising a wide spectrum of approaches, both clinical and pre-clinical, at the cellular, molecular, systems and behavioral levels. A number of findings from human studies have identified, using imaging techniques, alterations in common brain circuits, as well as morphological and network activity changes, associated with tobacco use. Furthermore, both clinical and pre-clinical studies have characterized a number of mechanistic targets critical to understanding the effects of nicotine and tobacco addiction. Together, these findings will undoubtedly drive future studies examining the dramatic impact of tobacco use and the development of treatments to counter nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick E. Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University; Germany
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26
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Bach P, Vollsta Dt-Klein S, Kirsch M, Hoffmann S, Jorde A, Frank J, Charlet K, Beck A, Heinz A, Walter H, Sommer WH, Spanagel R, Rietschel M, Kiefer F. Increased mesolimbic cue-reactivity in carriers of the mu-opioid-receptor gene OPRM1 A118G polymorphism predicts drinking outcome: a functional imaging study in alcohol dependent subjects. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1128-35. [PMID: 25937240 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system is involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol-use disorders. Genetic variants of the opioid system alter neural and behavioral responses to alcohol. In particular, a single nucleotide polymorphism rs1799971 (A118G) in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is suggested to modulate alcohol-related phenotypes and neural response in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Little is known about the clinical implications of these changes. The current study investigated the relationship of genotype effects on subjective and neural responses to alcohol cues and relapse in a sample of abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate alcohol cue-reactivity and drinking outcome of 81 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. G-allele carriers displayed increased fMRI cue-reactivity in the left dorsal striatum and bilateral insulae. Neural responses to alcohol cues in these brain regions correlated positively with subjective craving for alcohol and positive expectations of alcohol׳s effects. Moreover, alcohol cue-reactivity in the left dorsal striatum predicted time to first severe relapse. Current results show that alcohol-dependent G-allele carriers׳ increased cue-reactivity is associated with an increased relapse risk. This suggests that genotype effects on cue-reactivity might link the OPRM1 A118G risk allele with an increased relapse risk that was reported in earlier studies. From a clinical perspective, risk-allele carriers might benefit from treatments, such as neuro-feedback or extinction-based therapy that are suggested to reduce mesolimbic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sabine Vollsta Dt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Kirsch
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Jorde
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
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Beltz AM, Berenbaum SA, Wilson SJ. Sex differences in resting state brain function of cigarette smokers and links to nicotine dependence. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 23:247-54. [PMID: 26237322 PMCID: PMC4526105 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sex--a marker of biological and social individual differences--matters for drug use, particularly for cigarette smoking, which is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. More men than women smoke, but women are less likely than men to quit. Resting state brain function, or intrinsic brain activity that occurs in the absence of a goal-directed task, is important for understanding cigarette smoking, as it has been shown to differentiate between smokers and nonsmokers. But, it is unclear whether and how sex influences the link between resting state brain function and smoking behavior. In this study, the authors demonstrate that sex is indeed associated with resting state connectivity in cigarette smokers, and that sex moderates the link between resting state connectivity and self-reported nicotine dependence. Using functional MRI and behavioral data from 50 adult daily smokers (23 women), the authors found that women had greater connectivity than men within the default mode network, and that increased connectivity within the reward network was related to increased nicotine tolerance in women but to decreased nicotine tolerance in men. Findings highlight the importance of sex-related individual differences reflected in resting state connectivity for understanding the etiology and treatment of substance use problems.
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Domino EF, Hirasawa-Fujita M, Ni L, Guthrie SK, Zubieta JK. Regional brain [(11)C]carfentanil binding following tobacco smoking. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:100-104. [PMID: 25598501 PMCID: PMC4375952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if overnight tobacco abstinent carriers of the AG or GG (*G) vs. the AA variant of the human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) differ in [(11)C]carfentanil binding after tobacco smoking. METHODS Twenty healthy American male smokers who abstained from tobacco overnight were genotyped and completed positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the mu opioid receptor agonist, [(11)C]carfentanil. They smoked deniconized (denic) and average nicotine (avnic) cigarettes during the PET scans. RESULTS Smoking avnic cigarette decreased the binding potential (BPND) of [(11)C]carfentanil in the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPfc; 6, 56, 18), left anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPfc; -2, 46, 44), right ventral striatum (vStr; 16, 3, -10), left insula (Ins; -42, 10, -12), right hippocampus (Hippo; 18, -6, -14) and left cerebellum (Cbl; -10, -88, -34), and increased the BPND in left amygdala (Amy; -20, 0, -22), left putamen (Put; -22, 10, -6) and left nucleus accumbens (NAcc; -10, 12, -8). In the AA allele carriers, avnic cigarette smoking significantly changed the BPND compared to after denic smoking in most brain areas listed above. However in the *G carriers the significant BPND changes were confirmed in only amPfc and vStr. Free mu opioid receptor availability was significantly less in the *G than the AA carriers in the Amy and NAcc. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that BPND changes induced by avnic smoking in OPRM1 *G carriers were blunted compared to the AA carriers. Also *G smokers had less free mu opioid receptor availability in Amy and NAcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Domino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Lisong Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Sally K Guthrie
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jon Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Cieślińska A, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Kostyra E, Fiedorowicz E, Snarska J, Wroński K, Tenderenda M, Jarmołowska B, Matysiewicz M. μ-Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphism in patients with breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4655-60. [PMID: 25618602 PMCID: PMC4529459 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-dependent μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activity is an important element in cancer opioid analgesic effectiveness. It is widely accepted that guanine (G) substitution for adenine (A) at OPRM1 gene sequence position 118 changes receptor glycosylation pattern. This is associated with decreased binding ability in both exogenous and endogenous opioids, resulting in increased human pain resistance. The endogenous opioid system's function in body homeostasis maintenance is considered mainly regulatory, so its participation in breast tumor formation and progression is identified herein. We examine the association of the most frequent MOR (A118G) gene polymorphism on breast cancer risk in a Northeastern Polish population by PCR-RFLP comparison of A and G allele frequency at OPRM1 gene A118G polymorphic site in breast cancer-diagnosed patients with healthy control group frequencies. Our results highlight a strong association between G allele presence at μ-opioid receptor A118G and increased breast cancer incidence (OR = 3.3, 95 % CI 2.2-5.0, p < 0.0001) and female gender (OR = 2.0, 95 % CI 1.4-2.9, p = 0.0004). Consequently, OPRM1 G allele presence at that site is a highly significant risk factor in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cieślińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Sienkiewicz-Szłapka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Snarska
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Wojska Polskiego 37 Street, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Konrad Wroński
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Wojska Polskiego 37 Street, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Tenderenda
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Niepodległości 44 Street, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Jarmołowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Matysiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Woodcock EA, Lundahl LH, Burmeister M, Greenwald MK. Functional mu opioid receptor polymorphism (OPRM1 A(118) G) associated with heroin use outcomes in Caucasian males: A pilot study. Am J Addict 2015; 24:329-35. [PMID: 25911999 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heroin's analgesic, euphoric and dependence-producing effects are primarily mediated by the mu opioid receptor (MOR). A single gene, OPRM1, encodes the MOR. The functional polymorphism A(118)G, located in exon 1 of the OPRM1 gene, results in anatomically-specific reductions in MOR expression, which may alter an individual's response to heroin. In prior studies 118G (rare allele) carriers demonstrated significantly greater opioid tolerance, overdose vulnerability, and pain sensitivity than 118AA homozygotes. Those findings suggest OPRM1 genotype may impact characteristics of heroin use. METHODS The present pilot study characterized the impact of OPRM1 genotype (rs1799971, 118G allele carriers vs. 118AA homozygotes) on heroin-use phenotypes associated with heroin dependence severity in a sample of male, Caucasian chronic heroin users (n = 86). RESULTS Results indicate that 118G allele carriers reported significantly more heroin use-related consequences and heroin-quit attempts, and were more likely to have sought treatment for their heroin use than 118AA homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings, consistent with extant data, illustrate a role for OPRM1 allelic variation on heroin use characteristics, and provide support for considering genotype in heroin treatment and relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Roche DJ, King AC. Sex differences in acute hormonal and subjective response to naltrexone: The impact of menstrual cycle phase. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:59-71. [PMID: 25459893 PMCID: PMC4482338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Women often exhibit larger hormonal and subjective responses to opioid receptor antagonists than men, but the biological mechanisms mediating this effect remain unclear. Among women, fluctuations in estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) across the menstrual cycle (MC) affect the endogenous opioid system. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to compare acute naltrexone response between women in the early follicular phase of the MC (low E2 and P4), women in the luteal phase of the MC (high E2 and P4), and men. Seventy healthy controls (n=46 women) participated in two morning sessions in which they received 50mg naltrexone or placebo in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Women were randomized to complete both sessions in either the early follicular (n=23) or luteal phase of the MC. Serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and subjective response were assessed upon arrival to the laboratory and at regular intervals after pill administration. In luteal and early follicular women but not men, naltrexone (vs. placebo) increased serum cortisol and prolactin levels from baseline; however, the naltrexone-induced increases in these hormones were significantly greater in luteal women than early follicular women. Additionally, only luteal women demonstrated an increase from baseline in salivary cortisol levels and the severity of adverse drug effects in response to naltrexone. In sum, the results indicate that luteal phase women are more sensitive to acute hormonal and subjective effects of naltrexone than early follicular women and men. These findings may have important implications for the use of naltrexone in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J.O. Roche
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea C. King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Nicotine dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder with complex biological mechanisms underlying the motivational basis for this behavior. Although more than 70 % of current smokers express a desire to quit, most relapse within one year, underscoring the need for novel treatments. A key focus of translational research models addressing nicotine dependence has been on cross-validation of human and animal models in order to improve the predictive value of medication screening paradigms. In this chapter, we review several lines of research highlighting the utility of cross-validation models in elucidating the biological underpinnings of nicotine reward and reinforcement, identifying factors which may influence individual response to treatment, and facilitating rapid translation of findings to practice.
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Weerts EM, Wand GS, Kuwabara H, Xu X, Frost JJ, Wong DF, McCaul ME. Association of smoking with μ-opioid receptor availability before and during naltrexone blockade in alcohol-dependent subjects. Addict Biol 2014; 19:733-42. [PMID: 23252742 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Persons with a history of alcohol dependence are more likely to use tobacco and to meet criteria for nicotine dependence compared with social drinkers or non-drinkers. The high levels of comorbidity of nicotine and alcohol use and dependence are thought to be related to interactions between nicotinic, opioid and dopamine receptors in mesolimbic regions. The current study examined whether individual differences in regional μ-opioid receptor (MOR) availability were associated with tobacco use, nicotine dependence and level of nicotine craving in 25 alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects. AD subjects completed an inpatient protocol, which included medically supervised alcohol withdrawal, monitored alcohol abstinence, transdermal nicotine maintenance (21 mg/day) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging using the MOR agonist [(11) C]-carfentanil (CFN) before (basal scan) and during treatment with 50 mg/day naltrexone (naltrexone scan). Subjects who had higher scores on the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test had significantly lower basal scan binding potential (BPND ) across mesolimbic regions, including the amygdala, cingulate, globus pallidus, thalamus and insula. Likewise, the number of cigarettes per day was negatively associated with basal scan BPND in mesolimbic regions. Higher nicotine craving was significantly associated with lower BPND in amygdala, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus and ventral striatum. Although blunted during naltrexone treatment, the negative association was maintained for nicotine dependence and cigarettes per day, but not for nicotine craving. These findings suggest that intensity of cigarette smoking and severity of nicotine dependence symptoms are systematically related to reduced BPND across multiple brain regions in AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M. Weerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Gary S. Wand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Medicine; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Department of Radiology; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - J. James Frost
- Department of Radiology; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Radiology; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Neuroscience; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mary E. McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Medicine; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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34
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Hirasawa-Fujita M, Bly MJ, Ellingrod VL, Dalack GW, Domino EF. Genetic Variation of the Mu Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) and Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2) is Related to Smoking Differences in Patients with Schizophrenia but not Bipolar Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3371/csrp.mhmb.061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Han T, Alexander M, Niggebrugge A, Hollands GJ, Marteau TM. Impact of tobacco outlet density and proximity on smoking cessation: a longitudinal observational study in two English cities. Health Place 2014; 27:45-50. [PMID: 24534263 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A previous study conducted in the USA reported an association between residential proximity to a tobacco outlet and reduced likelihood of a quit attempt enduring beyond six months. We replicated this study in an English urban setting using data on 611 smokers motivated to quit, of whom 66 were biochemically validated as being quit at six months. Sustained quitting at six months was unrelated to residential proximity of a tobacco outlet. Future studies would be improved by the use of validated mappings of retail outlets, mapped in relation to multiple activity spaces, not just residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tha Han
- Knowledge and Intelligence Team East, Public Health England, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Myriam Alexander
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Aphrodite Niggebrugge
- Knowledge and Intelligence Team East, Public Health England, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth J Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, United Kingdom.
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David SP, Chu IM, Lancaster T, Stead LF, Evins AE, Prochaska JJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of opioid antagonists for smoking cessation. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004393. [PMID: 24633528 PMCID: PMC3963070 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of opioid antagonists in promoting long-term smoking cessation. Post-treatment abstinence was examined as a secondary outcome and effects on withdrawal symptoms, craving and reduced consumption were also explored. DESIGN The search strategy for this meta-analysis included clinical trials (published and unpublished data) in the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register and MEDLINE. PARTICIPANTS Adult smokers. INTERVENTIONS We included randomised trials comparing opioid antagonists to placebo or an alternative therapy for smoking cessation and reported data on abstinence for a minimum of 6 months. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included smoking abstinence at long-term follow-up (primary); abstinence at end of treatment (secondary); and effects on withdrawal, craving and smoking consumption (exploratory). RESULTS 8 trials with a total of 1213 participants were included. Half the trials examined the benefit of adding naltrexone versus placebo to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was no significant difference between naltrexone and placebo alone (relative risk (RR) 1.00; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.51) or as an adjunct to NRT (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.30), with an overall pooled estimate of RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.24. Findings for naltrexone effects on withdrawal, craving and reduced smoking were equivocal. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate no beneficial effect of naltrexone alone or as an adjunct to NRT on short-term or long-term smoking abstinence. While further trials may narrow the confidence limits, they are unlikely to appreciably alter the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P David
- Center for Education in Family & Community Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Isabella M Chu
- Stanford General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tim Lancaster
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lindsay F Stead
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Eden Evins
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Schuck K, Otten R, Engels RCME, Kleinjan M. Initial responses to the first dose of nicotine in novel smokers: the role of exposure to environmental smoking and genetic predisposition. Psychol Health 2014; 29:698-716. [PMID: 24446757 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.884222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitivity to initial smoking constitutes an early predictor of the risk of dependence. We investigated the role of exposure to smoking (by parents, siblings, and peers) and reward-related candidate gene polymorphisms (OPRM1 A118G, DRD2 TaqlA and DRD4 bp VNTR) in adolescents' responses to initial smoking. METHODS We used cross-sectional survey data and saliva samples from 171 Dutch students who had never inhaled on a cigarette (mean age: 13.9 years). The outcome measure was adolescents' self-reported responses to initial smoking. RESULTS Exposure to peer smoking was associated with increased liking (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.13-2.70) and more pleasant sensations (β = .21, p = .01). Exposure to maternal smoking was associated with less unpleasant sensations (β = -.20, p = .01). Adolescents carrying the G-variant of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism were more likely to report liking (OR = 2.50, CI = 1.09-5.73) and adolescents homozygous for the C-variant of the DRD2 TaqlA polymorphism reported less unpleasant sensations (β = .18, p = .04). CONCLUSION Although preliminary, these findings suggest that exposure to environmental smoking and polymorphisms in the OPRM1 and DRD2 gene may affect initial sensitivity to nicotine, an early phenotype of the risk of dependence. In the future, collaborative efforts to combine data from multiple studies in meta-analyses are needed to improve accuracy of estimated effects in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schuck
- a Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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Crist RC, Berrettini WH. Pharmacogenetics of OPRM1. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 123:25-33. [PMID: 24201053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic research has the potential to explain the variation in treatment efficacy within patient populations. Understanding the interaction between genetic variation and medications may provide a method for matching patients to the most effective therapeutic options and improving overall patient outcomes. The OPRM1 gene has been a target of interest in a large number of pharmacogenetic studies due to its genetic and structural variation, as well as the role of opioid receptors in a variety of disorders. The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, naturally regulates the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Genetic variants in OPRM1, particularly the non-synonymous polymorphism A118G, have been repeatedly associated with the efficacy of treatments for pain and various types of dependence. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pharmacogenetic impact of OPRM1, primarily with regard to the treatment of pain and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Crist
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Kleinjan M, Poelen EA, Engels RCME, Verhagen M. Dual growth of adolescent smoking and drinking: evidence for an interaction between the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism and sex. Addict Biol 2013; 18:1003-12. [PMID: 22260295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Smoking and alcohol use often co-occur during adolescence, but little is known about the codevelopment of these substances. In the search for etiological factors that help to explain the development of adolescent substance use patterns, studies have revealed substantial heritability for both alcohol use and smoking. In this regard, the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, chromosome 6q24-q25) has been linked to both substances. This study examined the predictive relationships between initial level and growth of smoking and drinking in 311 early adolescents (13-15 years old) over a 4-year period. In addition, the effects of the A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene on the initial values and the development over time of alcohol use and smoking were assessed. Finally, as prevalence and heritability estimates for both alcohol- and smoking-related behaviors differ between males and females, OPRM1 by sex interactions were tested. We found that high initial levels of early adolescent alcohol consumption were related to a stronger increase in smoking levels over time. In contrast, high initial levels of smoking were not related to growth of alcohol use. No main OPRM1 effects were found, but sex-specificity of the gene was found for smoking development. Male A-allele carriers showed a faster development in smoking behavior, whereas in females, the G-allele led to a faster development in smoking. Thus, in addition to high levels of alcohol as a risk factor for the development of smoking behavior, sex-specific effects exist for OPRM1, which may additionally have consequences for the development of adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Kleinjan
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Raffa RB, Baron S, Bhandal JS, Brown T, Song K, Tallarida CS, Rawls SM. Opioid receptor types involved in the development of nicotine physical dependence in an invertebrate (Planaria) model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 112:9-14. [PMID: 24084318 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that opioid receptors are involved in the development of nicotine physical dependence in mammals. Evidence in support of a similar involvement in an invertebrate (Planaria) is presented using the selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, and the more receptor subtype-selective antagonists CTAP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2) (μ, MOR), naltrindole (δ, DOR), and nor-BNI (norbinaltorphimine) (κ, KOR). Induction of physical dependence was achieved by 60-min pre-exposure of planarians to nicotine and was quantified by abstinence-induced withdrawal (reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity). Known MOR and DOR subtype-selective opioid receptor antagonists attenuated the withdrawal, as did the non-selective antagonist naloxone, but a KOR subtype-selective antagonist did not. An involvement of MOR and DOR, but not KOR, in the development of nicotine physical dependence or in abstinence-induced withdrawal was thus demonstrated in a sensitive and facile invertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Raffa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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41
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The reinforcing properties of nicotine may be mediated through release of various neurotransmitters both centrally and systemically. People who smoke report positive effects such as pleasure, arousal, and relaxation as well as relief of negative affect, tension, and anxiety. Opioid (narcotic) antagonists are of particular interest to investigators as potential agents to attenuate the rewarding effects of cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of opioid antagonists in promoting long-term smoking cessation. The drugs include naloxone and the longer-acting opioid antagonist naltrexone. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register for trials of naloxone, naltrexone and other opioid antagonists and conducted an additional search of MEDLINE using 'Narcotic antagonists' and smoking terms in April 2013. We also contacted investigators, when possible, for information on unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomised controlled trials comparing opioid antagonists to placebo or an alternative therapeutic control for smoking cessation. We included in the meta-analysis only those trials which reported data on abstinence for a minimum of six months. We also reviewed, for descriptive purposes, results from short-term laboratory-based studies of opioid antagonists designed to evaluate psycho-biological mediating variables associated with nicotine dependence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data in duplicate on the study population, the nature of the drug therapy, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. Abstinence at end of treatment was a secondary outcome. We extracted cotinine- or carbon monoxide-verified abstinence where available. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis, pooling risk ratios using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS Eight trials of naltrexone met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis of long-term cessation. One trial used a factorial design so five trials compared naltrexone versus placebo and four trials compared naltrexone plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus placebo plus NRT. Results from 250 participants in one long-term trial remain unpublished. No significant difference was detected between naltrexone and placebo (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.51, 445 participants), or between naltrexone and placebo as an adjunct to NRT (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.30, 768 participants). The estimate was similar when all eight trials were pooled (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.24, 1213 participants). In a secondary analysis of abstinence at end of treatment, there was also no evidence of any early treatment effect, (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.22, 1213 participants). No trials of naloxone or buprenorphine reported abstinence outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on data from eight trials and over 1200 individuals, there was no evidence of an effect of naltrexone alone or as an adjunct to NRT on long-term smoking abstinence, with a point estimate strongly suggesting no effect and confidence intervals that make a clinically important effect of treatment unlikely. Although further trials might narrow the confidence intervals they are unlikely to be a good use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P David
- Center for Education in Family & Community Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Mura E, Govoni S, Racchi M, Carossa V, Ranzani GN, Allegri M, van Schaik RH. Consequences of the 118A>G polymorphism in the OPRM1 gene: translation from bench to bedside? J Pain Res 2013; 6:331-53. [PMID: 23658496 PMCID: PMC3645947 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s42040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 118A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene has been the most described variant in pharmacogenetic studies regarding opioid drugs. Despite evidence for an altered biological function encoded by this variant, this knowledge is not yet utilized clinically. The aim of the present review was to collect and discuss the available information on the 118A>G SNP in the OPRM1 gene, at the molecular level and in its clinical manifestations. In vitro biochemical and molecular assays have shown that the variant receptor has higher binding affinity for β-endorphins, that it has altered signal transduction cascade, and that it has a lower expression compared with wild-type OPRM1. Studies using animal models for 118A>G have revealed a double effect of the variant receptor, with an apparent gain of function with respect to the response to endogenous opioids but a loss of function with exogenous administered opioid drugs. Although patients with this variant have shown a lower pain threshold and a higher drug consumption in order to achieve the analgesic effect, clinical experiences have demonstrated that patients carrying the variant allele are not affected by the increased opioid consumption in terms of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mura
- Department of Drug Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Applied Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Zuo L, Wang K, Zhang XY, Krystal JH, Li CSR, Zhang F, Zhang H, Luo X. NKAIN1-SERINC2 is a functional, replicable and genome-wide significant risk gene region specific for alcohol dependence in subjects of European descent. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129:254-64. [PMID: 23455491 PMCID: PMC3628730 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify novel, functional, replicable and genome-wide significant risk regions specific for alcohol dependence using genome-wide association studies (GWASs). METHODS A discovery sample (1409 European-American cases with alcohol dependence and 1518 European-American controls) and a replication sample (6438 European-Australian family subjects with 1645 alcohol dependent probands) underwent association analysis. Nineteen other cohorts with 11 different neuropsychiatric disorders served as contrast groups. Additional eight samples underwent expression quantitative locus (eQTL) analysis. RESULTS A genome-wide significant risk gene region (NKAIN1-SERINC2) was identified in a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication samples. This region was enriched with 74 risk SNPs (unimputed); half of them had significant cis-acting regulatory effects. The distributions of -log(p) values for the SNP-disease associations or SNP-expression associations in this region were consistent throughout eight independent samples. Furthermore, imputing across the NKAIN1-SERINC2 region, we found that among all 795 SNPs in the discovery sample, 471 SNPs were nominally associated with alcohol dependence (1.7×10(-7)≤p≤0.047); 53 survived region- and cohort-wide correction for multiple testing; 92 SNPs were replicated in the replication sample (0.002≤p≤0.050). This region was neither significantly associated with alcohol dependence in African-Americans, nor with other non-alcoholism diseases. Finally, transcript expression of genes in NKAIN1-SERINC2 was significantly (p<3.4×10(-7)) associated with expression of numerous genes in the neurotransmitter systems or metabolic pathways previously associated with alcohol dependence. CONCLUSION NKAIN1-SERINC2 may harbor a causal variant(s) for alcohol dependence. It may contribute to the disease risk by way of neurotransmitter systems or metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Alcohol Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare
System, West Haven, CT
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of
Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Alcohol Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare
System, West Haven, CT
- Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven,
CT
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins
University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of
Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Alcohol Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare
System, West Haven, CT
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OPRM1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the plasma nicotine metabolite cotinine concentration in methadone maintenance patients: a cross sectional study. J Hum Genet 2012; 58:84-90. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pain intensity the first year after lumbar disc herniation is associated with the A118G polymorphism in the opioid receptor mu 1 gene: evidence of a sex and genotype interaction. J Neurosci 2012; 32:9831-4. [PMID: 22815498 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1742-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A118G (rs1799971) in the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene may affect pain sensitivity. In the present study we investigated whether the A118G SNP could predict clinical outcome regarding progression of pain intensity and disability in patients with low back pain and sciatica after lumbar disc herniation. Patients (n = 258) with lumbar disc herniation and sciatic pain, all European-Caucasian, were recruited from two hospitals in Norway. Pain and disability were rated on a visual analog scale (VAS), by McGill Sensory Questionnaire and by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) over a 12 months period. The data revealed a significant interaction between sex and A118G genotype regarding the pain intensity during the 12 months (VAS, p = 0.002; McGill, p = 0.021; ODI, p = 0.205, repeated-measures ANOVA). We found that */G women had a slower recovery rate than the */G men. Actually, the */G women had 2.3 times as much pain as the */G men 12 months after the disc herniation (VAS, p = 0.043, one-way ANOVA; p = 0.035, Tukey HSD). In contrast, the A/A women and A/A men seemed to have almost exactly the same recovery rate. The present data suggest that OPRM1 G allele increases the pain intensity in women, but has a protective effect in men the first year after disc herniation.
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Wang SC, Tsou HH, Chen CH, Chen YT, Ho IK, Hsiao CF, Chou SY, Lin YF, Fang KC, Huang CL, Su LW, Fang YC, Liu ML, Wu HY, Lin KM, Liu SC, Kuo HW, Chiang IC, Chen ACH, Tian JN, Liu YL. Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor mu1 gene are associated with changes in libido and insomnia in methadone maintenance patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:695-703. [PMID: 22406240 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Methadone, a synthetic racemic opioid that primarily works as a μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) agonist, is commonly used for the treatment of heroin addiction. Genetic association studies have reported that the OPRM1 gene is involved in the physiology of heroin and alcohol addiction. Our current study is designed to test the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in the OPRM1 gene region are associated with methadone dosage, plasma concentrations, treatment responses, adverse reactions and withdrawal symptoms in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort from Taiwan. Fifteen OPRM1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped using DNA samples from 366 MMT patients. The plasma concentrations of methadone and its metabolite were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained using dominant model analysis indicate that the OPRM1 SNPs rs1074287, rs6912029, rs12209447, rs510769, rs3798676, rs7748401, rs495491, rs10457090, rs589046, rs3778152, rs563649, and rs2075572 are significantly associated with change-in-libido side effects (adjusted p<0.042). Using recessive model analysis, these SNPs were also found to be significantly associated with insomnia side effects in this cohort (p<0.009). The significance of the insomnia findings was mainly contributed by a subgroup of patients who had a positive urine morphine test (p<0.022), and by individuals who did not use benzodiazepine hypnotics (p<0.034). Our current data thus suggest that genetic polymorphisms in OPRM1 may influence the change-in-libido and insomnia side effects sometimes found in MMT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chang Wang
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Tobacco smoking produces greater striatal dopamine release in G-allele carriers with mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:236-40. [PMID: 22516252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if carriers of the allelic expression of the G variant of the human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism have greater increases in striatal dopamine (DA) release after tobacco smoking. METHODS Nineteen of 20 genotyped male tobacco smokers, after overnight abstinence, smoked denicotinized (denic) and average nicotine (nic) containing tobacco cigarettes in a PET brain imaging study using [(11)C]raclopride. RESULTS The right striatum had more free D(2) receptors than the left striatum pre- and post-tobacco smoking. After smoking the nic cigarettes, mean decreased DA binding was observed in the left dorsal caudate (-14 6 11; t=3.77), left and right ventral putamen (-26 3-8; t=4.27; 28 2 1; t=4.25, respectively), and right caudate (17 18 1; t=3.92). The effects of A118G genotype on the binding potentials for these four regions were then analyzed. Carriers of the G allele had larger magnitudes of DA release in response to nic smoking than those homozygous for the more prevalent AA allele in the right caudate and right ventral pallidum (t=3.03; p=0.008 and t=3.91; p=0.001). A voxel by voxel whole brain SPM analysis using an independent samples t test did not reveal any other differences between genotype groups. In addition, the venous plasma cortisol levels of the volunteers from 8:30 a.m. to 12:40 p.m. were lower in the AG/GG allele carriers. Nic smoking increased plasma cortisol in both groups, but they were higher in the AA group. CONCLUSION This preliminary study indicates a difference in both brain striatal DA release and plasma cortisol in A118G polymorphic male tobacco smokers.
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Falcone M, Gold AB, Wileyto EP, Ray R, Ruparel K, Newberg A, Dubroff J, Logan J, Zubieta JK, Blendy JA, Lerman C. μ-Opioid receptor availability in the amygdala is associated with smoking for negative affect relief. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:701-8. [PMID: 22389047 PMCID: PMC3670416 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The perception that smoking relieves negative affect contributes to smoking persistence. Endogenous opioid neurotransmission, and the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) in particular, plays a role in affective regulation and is modulated by nicotine. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship of MOR binding availability in the amygdala to the motivation to smoke for negative affect relief and to the acute effects of smoking on affective responses. METHODS Twenty-two smokers were scanned on two separate occasions after overnight abstinence using [¹¹C]carfentanil positron emission tomography imaging: after smoking a nicotine-containing cigarette and after smoking a denicotinized cigarette. Self-reports of smoking motives were collected at baseline, and measures of positive and negative affect were collected pre- and post- cigarette smoking. RESULTS Higher MOR availability in the amygdala was associated with motivation to smoke to relieve negative affect. However, MOR availability was unrelated to changes in affect after smoking either cigarette. CONCLUSIONS Increased MOR availability in amygdala may underlie the motivation to smoke for negative affective relief. These results are consistent with previous data highlighting the role of MOR neurotransmission in smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Falcone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Allison B. Gold
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - E. Paul Wileyto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Riju Ray
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neuropsychiatry Department, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew Newberg
- Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jacob Dubroff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jean Logan
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Setiawan E, Pihl RO, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Influence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism on alcohol-induced euphoria, risk for alcoholism and the clinical efficacy of naltrexone. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:1161-72. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-use disorders are thought to be heterogeneous in etiology, pathophysiology and response to treatment. One hypothesized contributor to this variability is the common A118G polymorphism of the µ-opioid receptor gene, OPRM1. This article critically evaluates the evidence that the A118G substitution affects subjective, behavioral and neurobiological responses to alcohol and the opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone. Although screening of patients in a clinical setting remains premature, results suggest the A118G substitution may influence one etiological pathway to alcoholism, for which naltrexone pharmacotherapy is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Setiawan
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert O Pihl
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Verhagen M, Kleinjan M, Engels RCME. A systematic review of the A118G (Asn40Asp) variant of OPRM1 in relation to smoking initiation, nicotine dependence and smoking cessation. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:917-33. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidate gene studies on smoking behaviors mainly focused on dopaminergic and serotonergic genes, but genes within the µ-opioid system might also be involved. The A118G variant within the OPRM1 gene has been most often examined in relation to smoking, yielding inconsistent findings. It is largely unknown which of the alleles increases susceptibility for smoking behaviors. The aim of this review was to merge findings of OPRM1 gene studies in relation to smoking behaviors and to elaborate on the underlying biological mechanism of the A118G variant. It appeared that A118 was more likely to increase susceptibility to smoking behaviors than 118G, especially with regard to nicotine dependence, but less with smoking initiation and cessation. The proposed functioning of the OPRM1 gene is further explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Verhagen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger CME Engels
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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