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Takekoshi S, Takano K, Matoba Y, Mukumoto M, Tachibana A. Establishing a ready biodegradability test system using OxiTop® to evaluate chemical fate in a realistic environment. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2022; 47:35-42. [PMID: 35414760 PMCID: PMC8931551 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d21-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to propose the use of OxiTop® for measuring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) under the Japanese Chemical Substances Control Law in order to properly evaluate chemical fate in a real environment. In our previous study, the biodegradation of test chemicals was accelerated by both adsorbing the chemical to silica gel with chloroform and increasing the medium volume from 300 to 3900 mL in the OECD 301F test using a coulometer. However, the biodegradability of these chemicals could not be evaluated based on BOD due to chloroform residue in the silica gel, or the medium volume could not be increased further due to the oven size of the coulometer. In this study, we established an evaluation system using OxiTop® based on BOD by increasing the medium volume to 9000 mL. Based on triplicate testing, increasing the medium volume accelerated biodegradation and decreased variation in BOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Takekoshi
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, 1–98 Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–8558, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3–3–138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558–8585, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takano
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, 1–98 Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Matoba
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, 1–98 Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–8558, Japan
| | - Makiko Mukumoto
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, 1–98 Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–8558, Japan
| | - Akira Tachibana
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3–3–138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558–8585, Japan
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Silveira A, Moreno JR, Correia MJ, Ferro V. A method for the rapid evaluation of leather biodegradability during the production phase. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:661-671. [PMID: 31109568 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in technological-industrial processes have led to the development of new materials that generate different impacts on the environment when presented as waste. The application of sustainable manufacturing practices in order to improve the environmental behaviour of materials, including in the waste stage, is now an important industry responsibility. This study developed a new method for the rapid evaluation of leather biodegradability that can easily be operated by the tannery industry during the production phase. The method uses the OxiTop® system within which a solid sample is suspended in a liquid medium with no nutritional limitations at a constant temperature and stirring conditions. Ten leather samples were tested based on the existing methodology for determining aerobic biological activity (EN 16087-1: 2011), ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium (ISO 14851: 2004), and OECD 301F guidelines for testing of chemicals. The developed method has been shown to reliably distinguish (over 7 days) between samples produced using different manufacturing processes/treatments. Starch proved to be a better standard reference material for checking inoculum activity and the proper functioning of the measurement system than cellulose. Skin without treatment was shown to be a suitable reference material for defining the maximum biodegradation of leather materials. Double exponential and Gompertz mathematical models closely described the biodegradation of the tested samples. This method offers a way for industry to test and produce leather materials with higher levels of biodegradability, thus reducing the adverse environmental impacts of the final products when presented as solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silveira
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - João Rodrigo Moreno
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria José Correia
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vânia Ferro
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Brown DM, Hughes CB, Spence M, Bonte M, Whale G. Assessing the suitability of a manometric test system for determining the biodegradability of volatile hydrocarbons. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:381-389. [PMID: 29274577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Manometric test systems, adapted from those used to measure biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and the OxiTop® test system in particular, are being increasingly used to determine the biodegradability of chemicals in accordance to OECD 301F guidelines. In this study, the suitability of the OxiTop® test system for determining the biodegradability of volatile hydrophobic substances has been explored. Experiments in biotic and abiotic systems were conducted with readily biodegradable complex aliphatic hydrocarbons covering a range of volatilities. Results indicated that abiotic losses of test substances were occurring due to sorption of the test substance to plastic components used in the OxiTop® system. A further 'plastic-free' biodegradation test system was designed using PreSens optical dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors. This significantly improved the measured biodegradation due to reduced abiotic losses and better retention of the test substance. These results highlight the importance of considering the physico-chemical properties of test substances when selecting test methods and equipment. They also highlight the value of incorporating chemical analysis and abiotic controls to improve the interpretation of biodegradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Brown
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, Lange Kleiweg 40, 2288 GK Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Christopher B Hughes
- Shell Health - Global Risk Sciences, Shell International Ltd., Manchester, M22 0RR, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Spence
- CONCAWE, Boulevard du Souverain 165, 1160 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Bonte
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, Lange Kleiweg 40, 2288 GK Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Whale
- Shell Health - Global Risk Sciences, Shell International Ltd., Manchester, M22 0RR, United Kingdom
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Burkowska A, Walczak M. Microbial activity in the landfill soil. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Černohlávková J, Jarkovský J, Hofman J. Effects of fungicides mancozeb and dinocap on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:80-85. [PMID: 18755509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In our study, effects of fungicides mancozeb and dinocap on C and N mineralization were measured in arable and grassland soil. The soils were treated with these fungicides at the application and 10 times lower doses and then incubated at 20 degrees C for 2 weeks. Carbon mineralization (basal and substrate-induced respiration) and nitrogen mineralization (potential ammonification and nitrification) were evaluated 1 and 14 days after the treatment. After 14 days, ammonification was decreased to 48% and 83% at dinocap application dose in arable and grassland soil, respectively. Application dose of mancozeb caused significant decrease of nitrification to 11.2% and 5.6% in arable and grassland soil, respectively. Basal respiration and substrate-induced growth were rather stimulated by fungicides, especially at lower application doses. To conclude, potential risk may exist to soil microorganisms and their activities in soils treated routinely by mancozeb or dinocap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Černohlávková
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jarkovský
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Occurrence and activity of microorganisms in shrimp waste. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:580-7. [PMID: 18781357 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the occurrence and respiration activity of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in shrimp shell waste and to evaluate the role of chitinolytic bacteria and fungi in its decomposition. The highest levels of bacteria were found in shrimp heads sections and the lowest in exoskeletons. The level of fungi was much lower, with the highest proportion present in heads sections and the lowest in exoskeletons. Chitinolytic bacteria constituted a small percentage of the total heterotrophic bacteria in fresh shrimp waste, averaging 4% in exoskeletons, 2.4% in all parts, and 2% in heads. No chitinolytic bacteria were detected in stored waste. In contrast, the percentage of chitinolytic fungi in shrimp waste was much higher than that of bacteria. Chitinolytic fungi constituted 25-60% of the total fungi in fresh waste and 15-40% in stored waste. Chitinolytic bacteria isolated from heads sections were characterized by the highest chitinolytic activity, averaging 11.2 nmol of methylumbelliferyl x mg(-1) protein x h(-1), whereas the lowest activity was in strains from exoskeletons, averaging 3.2 nmol of methylumbelliferyl x mg(-1) protein x h(-1). The chitinolytic activity of fungi isolated from all parts waste, head sections, and exoskeletons was similar. The respiration activity of microorganisms in fresh and stored waste was similar. Oxygen consumption activity increased during incubation and approached a saturation value between days 4 and 5. No correlation between the end value of respiratory activity in the analyzed section of shrimp discard after 5 days and the level of bacteria and fungi was observed. The only significant correlation observed was between the respiratory activity of the shrimp and the level of fungi. The respiration activity significantly depended on the analyzed section of shrimp discard (p<0.000).
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Sarrocco S, Gambineri F, Magneschi L, Valentini G, Vannacci G. Growth evaluation of an antagonistic Trichoderma virens isolate by using a BOD OxiTop® respirometric apparatus. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2008; 54:311-5. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.54.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Maximova N, Dahl O. A set up of a modern analytical laboratory for wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1323-49. [PMID: 17619691 DOI: 10.1039/b515226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of analytical techniques allowing rapid, selective, sensitive, and reliable determination of aqueous pollutants is of crucial importance for the protection of the environment. This critical review summarizes the advanced analytical techniques suggested over the last ten years together with already established methods, and evaluates whether they are fit for wastewater quality assessment considering the area of application, interferences, limit of detection, calibration function, and precision. The key parameters of wastewater quality assessment are: total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), organochlorines (AOX), nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and toxicity. Chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, photocatalytic oxidation with semiconductor nanofilms and atomic emission spectrometry, optical fibre sensors and chemiluminescence, amperometric mediated biosensors and microbial fuel cells, respirometry and bioluminescence measurements are just part of the proposed wastewater analyst's toolkit. The diversity of fundamental phenomena and the captivating elegance of interdisciplinary applications involved in the development of wastewater analytical techniques should attract the interest of a wide scientific audience including analytical chemists, chemical physicists, microbiologists and environmentalists. To conclude, we suggest a laboratory set up for the analysis of wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Maximova
- Laboratory of Chemical Pulping and Environmental Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6300, 02015 HUT, Finland.
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Kaakinen J, Vähäoja P, Kuokkanen T, Roppola K. Studies on the effects of certain soil properties on the biodegradation of oils determined by the manometric respirometric method. JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED METHODS & MANAGEMENT IN CHEMISTRY 2007; 2007:34601. [PMID: 18273392 PMCID: PMC2216078 DOI: 10.1155/2007/34601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradability of certain biofuels was studied in the case of forest soils using the manometric respirometric technique, which was proved to be very suitable for untreated, fertilized as well as pH adjusted soils. Experiments carried out in infertile sandy forest soil gave a BOD/ThOD value of 45.1% for a typical model substance, that is, sodium benzoate after a period of 30 days and mineral addition improved the BOD/ThOD value to a value of 76.2%. Rapeseed oil-based chain oil almost did not biodegrade at all in 30 days in nonprocessed soil, and when pH was adjusted to 8.0, the BOD/ThOD value increased slightly to a value of 7.4%. Mineral addition improved the BOD/ThOD value on average to 43.2% after 30 days. The combined mineral addition and pH adjustment together increased the BOD/ThOD value to 75.8% in 30 days. The observations were similar with a rapeseed oil-based lubricating oil: after 30 days, the BOD/ThOD value increased from 5.9% to an average value of 51.9%, when the pH and mineral concentrations of the soil were optimized. The mineral addition and pH adjustment also improved the precision of the measurements significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhani Kaakinen
- North Ostrobothnia Regional Environment Centre, 90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Vähäoja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Toivo Kuokkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- *Toivo Kuokkanen:
| | - Katri Roppola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Roppola K, Kuokkanen T, Rämö J, Prokkola H, Heiska E. Comparison Study of Different BOD Tests in the Determination of BOD(7) Evaluated in a Model Domestic Sewage. JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED METHODS & MANAGEMENT IN CHEMISTRY 2007; 2007:39761. [PMID: 17671608 PMCID: PMC1920587 DOI: 10.1155/2007/39761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the suitability of a manometric respirometric test (OECD 301F) for the determination of biological oxygen demand (BOD) in domestic wastewater. This was done by comparing four different BOD tests (a manometric respirometric test, oxygen sensor determination, iodometric titration, and UV absorption measurement) and by evaluating the BOD(7) value after a short-term measurement applying the manometric respirometric test. Measurements were done in three different laboratories. The respirometric test was performed well on municipal sewage, and the precision of results was good. There were minor deviations between BOD(7) values as determined by the different methods, but the deviations were not essentially big enough to have a practical impact. Evaluation of the BOD(7) value after two or three days' incubation by the respirometric method was shown to work well; average deviations between measured and evaluated values after three days' incubation were 5-18%. Hence, the manometric respirometric test proved to be a rapid and suitable tool for process control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Roppola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- *Katri Roppola:
| | - Toivo Kuokkanen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Rämö
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Prokkola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Eeva Heiska
- Oulu Waterworks, Kasarmintie 29, Box 35, 90015 Oulu, Finland
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Roppola K, Kuokkanen T, Nurmesniemi H, Rämö J, Pöykiö R, Prokkola H. Comparison Study of Manometric Respirometric Test and Common Chemical Methods in the Determination of BODbold7 in a Pulp and Paper Mill's Wastewaters. JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED METHODS & MANAGEMENT IN CHEMISTRY 2006; 2006:90384. [PMID: 17671628 PMCID: PMC1903458 DOI: 10.1155/jammc/2006/90384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological oxygen demand (BOD) test is widely used in many wastewater treatment plants. The conventional BOD tests are usually time-consuming and the results are often out of date for process control purposes. The aim of this research was to compare the manometric respirometric test with common chemical methods in the determination of BOD of wastewater from a pulp and paper mills as well as to evaluate the BOD (7) values of both wastewaters from the short-term respirometric measurements. The results showed that there were differences in the BOD(7) values of paper mill samples measured by conventional and respirometric methods. The main cause was found to be the dilution solution used in the conventional BOD tests. Using the same mineral solution in the respirometric measurements diminished the difference remarkably. Evaluation of the BOD(7) value after two or three days incubation was proved to work very well and the estimated results were close to measured values (deviations 1%-12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Roppola
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 3000Oulu90014Finland
| | - Toivo Kuokkanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 3000Oulu90014Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Rämö
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering LaboratoryUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4300Oulu90014Finland
| | - Risto Pöykiö
- The Town Planning CommitteeThe Environmental Research DivisionCity of KemiValtakatu 26Kemi94100Finland
| | - Hanna Prokkola
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 3000Oulu90014Finland
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Vähäoja P, Välimäki I, Heino K, Perämäki P, Kuokkanen T. Determination of Wear Metals in Lubrication Oils: A Comparison Study of ICP-OES and FAAS. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1365-9. [PMID: 16317907 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Certain wear metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn) of various lubrication oils were determined by means of ICP-OES and FAAS. The kerosene dilution method, which is used widely together with ICP-OES, was applied with both methods here. Calibration standards were made from a commercial organo-metallic standard. Our aim was to clarify the possibility of using the quick kerosene dilution method together with FAAS for a rapid check for certain indicator metals. Metal determinations with FAAS were accurate enough for quantitative work in machine condition diagnostics and waste oil characterization, when compared with those with ICP-OES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Vähäoja
- University of Oulu, Department of Chemistry, Finland.
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