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Wang C, Weng G, Li J, Zhu J, Zhao J. A review of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms: From configurations to applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342291. [PMID: 38401925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have attracted considerable attention due to their low reagent consumption, short analysis time, and ease of integration in comparison to conventional methods, but still suffer from shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers several advantages in the detection of compounds, including label-free detection at the single-molecule level, and the narrow Raman peak width for multiplexing. Combining microfluidics with SERS is a viable way to improve their detection sensitivity. Researchers have recently developed several SERS coupled microfluidic platforms with substantial potential for biomolecular detection, cellular and bacterial analysis, and hazardous substance detection. We review the current development of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms, illustrate their detection principles and construction, and summarize the latest applications in biology, environmental protection and food safety. In addition, we innovatively summarize the current status of SERS coupled multi-mode microfluidic platforms with other detection technologies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and countermeasures during the development of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms, as well as predict the future development trend of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guojun Weng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junwu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Yang L, Yang J, Li Y, Li P, Chen X, Li Z. Controlling the Morphologies of Silver Aggregates by Laser-Induced Synthesis for Optimal SERS Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1529. [PMID: 31717864 PMCID: PMC6915404 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the synthesis of metallic nanostructures for high quality surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials has long been a central task of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this work, silver aggregates with different surface morphologies were controllably synthesized on a glass-solution interface via a facile laser-induced reduction method. By correlating the surface morphologies with their SERS abilities, optimal parameters (laser power and irradiation time) for SERS aggregates synthesis were obtained. Importantly, the characteristics for largest near-field enhancement were identified, which are closely packed nanorice and flake structures with abundant surface roughness. These can generate numerous hot spots with huge enhancement in nanogaps and rough surface. These results provide an understanding of the correlation between morphologies and SERS performance, and could be helpful for developing optimal and applicable SERS materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhipeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Leopold N, Stefancu A, Herman K, Tódor IS, Iancu SD, Moisoiu V, Leopold LF. The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2236-2247. [PMID: 30202692 PMCID: PMC6122276 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chloride-capped silver nanoparticles (Cl-AgNPs) allow for high-intensity surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of cationic molecules to be obtained (even at nanomolar concentration) and may also play a key role in understanding some fundamental principles behind SERS. In this study, we describe a fast (<10 min) and simple protocol for obtaining highly SERS-active colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a mean diameter of 36 nm by photoconversion from AgCl precursor microparticles in the absence of any organic reducing or capping agent. The resulting AgNPs are already SERS-activated by the Cl- ions chemisorbed onto the metal surface where the chloride concentration in the colloidal solution is 10-2 M. Consequently, the enhanced SERS spectra of cationic dyes (e.g., crystal violet or 9-aminoacridine) demonstrate the advantages of Cl-AgNPs compared to the as-synthesized AgNPs obtained by standard Ag+ reduction with hydroxylamine (hya-AgNPS) or citrate (cit-AgNPs). The results of SERS experiments on anionic and cationic test molecules comparing Cl-AgNPs, hya-AgNPs and cit-AgNPs colloids activated with different amounts of Cl- and/or cations such as Ag+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ can be explained within the understanding of the adatom model - the chemisorption of cationic analytes onto the metal surface is mediated by the Cl- ions, whereas ions like Ag+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ mediate the electronic coupling of anionic species to the silver metal surface. Moreover, the SERS effect is switched on only after the electronic coupling of the adsorbate to the silver surface at SERS-active sites. The experiments presented in this study highlight the SERS-activating role played by ions such as Cl-, Ag+, Mg2+ or Ca2+, which is a process that seems to prevail over the Raman enhancement due to nanoparticle aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Krisztian Herman
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - István Sz Tódor
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania D Iancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana F Leopold
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Yan W, Yang L, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang P, Li Z. In Situ Two-Step Photoreduced SERS Materials for On-Chip Single-Molecule Spectroscopy with High Reproducibility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702893. [PMID: 28718979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials capable of single-molecule detection, integrated with a microfluidic system. Using a focused laser, silver nanoparticle aggregates as SERS monitors are fabricated in a microfluidic channel through photochemical reduction. After washing out the monitor, the aggregates are irradiated again by the same laser. This key step leads to full reduction of the residual reactants, which generates numerous small silver nanoparticles on the former nanoaggregates. Consequently, the enhancement ability of the SERS monitor is greatly boosted due to the emergence of new "hot spots." At the same time, the influence of the notorious "memory effect" in microfluidics is substantially suppressed due to the depletion of surface residues. Taking these advantages, two-step photoreduced SERS materials are able to detect different types of molecules with the concentration down to 10-13 m. Based on a well-accepted bianalyte approach, it is proved that the detection limit reaches the single-molecule level. From a practical point of view, the detection reproducibility at different probing concentrations is also investigated. It is found that the effective single-molecule SERS measurements can be raised up to ≈50%. This microfluidic SERS with high reproducibility and ultrasensitivity will find promising applications in on-chip single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Longkun Yang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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Tycova A, Prikryl J, Foret F. Recent strategies toward microfluidic-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1977-1987. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tycova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prikryl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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Buja OM, Gordan OD, Leopold N, Morschhauser A, Nestler J, Zahn DRT. Microfluidic setup for on-line SERS monitoring using laser induced nanoparticle spots as SERS active substrate. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:237-243. [PMID: 28243562 PMCID: PMC5301917 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic setup which enables on-line monitoring of residues of malachite green (MG) using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is reported. The SERS active substrate was prepared via laser induced synthesis of silver or gold nanoparticles spot on the bottom of a 200 μm inner dimension glass capillary, by focusing the laser beam during a continuous flow of a mixture of silver nitrate or gold chloride and sodium citrate. The described microfluidic setup enables within a few minutes the monitoring of several processes: the synthesis of the SERS active spot, MG adsorption to the metal surface, detection of the analyte when saturation of the SERS signal is reached, and finally, the desorption of MG from the spot. Moreover, after MG complete desorption, the regeneration of the SERS active spot was achieved. The detection of MG was possible down to 10-7 M concentration with a good reproducibility when using silver or gold spots as SERS substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-M Buja
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Ovidiu D Gordan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur 4–6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreas Morschhauser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörg Nestler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Kibar G, Topal AE, Dana A, Tuncel A. Newly designed silver coated-magnetic, monodisperse polymeric microbeads as SERS substrate for low-level detection of amoxicillin. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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El-Zahry MR, Refaat IH, Mohamed HA, Lendl B. Sequential SERS determination of aspirin and vitamin C using in situ laser-induced photochemical silver substrate synthesis in a moving flow cell. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4733-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jahn M, Patze S, Hidi IJ, Knipper R, Radu AI, Mühlig A, Yüksel S, Peksa V, Weber K, Mayerhöfer T, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced spectroscopic methods. Analyst 2016; 141:756-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development within the last five years in the field of surface enhanced spectroscopy methods was comprehensively reviewed.
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Liberman V, Hamad-Schifferli K, Thorsen TA, Wick ST, Carr PA. In situ microfluidic SERS assay for monitoring enzymatic breakdown of organophosphates. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11013-11023. [PMID: 26041657 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a method to probe the breakdown of the organophosphate (OP) simulants o,s-diethyl methyl phosphonothioate (OSDMP) and demeton S by the enzyme organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) in a microfluidic device by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS hotspots were formed on-demand inside the microfluidic device by laser-induced aggregation of injected Ag NPs suspensions. The Ag NP clusters, covering micron-sized areas, were formed within minutes using a conventional confocal Raman laser microscope. These Ag NP clusters were used to enhance the Raman spectra of the thiol products of OP breakdown in the microfluidic device: ethanethiol (EtSH) and (ethylsulfanyl) ethane-1-thiol (2-EET). When the OPH enzyme and its substrates OSDMP and demeton S were introduced, the thiolated breakdown products were generated, resulting in changes in the SERS spectra. With the ability to analyze reaction volumes as low as 20 nL, our approach demonstrates great potential for miniaturization of SERS analytical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Liberman
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, 244 Wood St., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.
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Passos ML, Costa D, Lima JL, Saraiva MLM. Sequential injection technique as a tool for the automatic synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a greener way. Talanta 2015; 133:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Leem J, Kang HW, Ko SH, Sung HJ. Controllable Ag nanostructure patterning in a microfluidic channel for real-time SERS systems. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2895-901. [PMID: 24477564 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04829b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic patterning system for fabricating nanostructured Ag thin films via a polyol method. The fabricated Ag thin films can be used immediately in a real-time SERS sensing system. The Ag thin films are formed on the inner surfaces of a microfluidic channel so that a Ag-patterned Si wafer and a Ag-patterned PDMS channel are produced by the fabrication. The optimum sensing region and fabrication duration for effective SERS detection were determined. As SERS active substrates, the patterned Ag thin films exhibit an enhancement factor (EF) of 4.25 × 10(10). The Ag-patterned polymer channel was attached to a glass substrate and used as a microfluidic sensing system for the real-time monitoring of biomolecule concentrations. This microfluidic patterning system provides a low-cost process for the fabrication of materials that are useful in medical and pharmaceutical detection and can be employed in mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Leem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-Gu, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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EL-Zahry MR, Genner A, Refaat IH, Mohamed HA, Lendl B. Highly reproducible SERS detection in sequential injection analysis: Real time preparation and application of photo-reduced silver substrate in a moving flow-cell. Talanta 2013; 116:972-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pahlow S, März A, Seise B, Hartmann K, Freitag I, Kämmer E, Böhme R, Deckert V, Weber K, Cialla D, Popp J. Bioanalytical application of surface- and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - René Böhme
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Germany
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Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering as an Emerging Characterization and Detection Technique. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/971380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been attracting a continuously increasing interest of scientific community since its discovery, it has enjoyed a particularly rapid growth in the last decade. Most notable recent advances in SERS include novel technological approaches to SERS substrates and innovative applications of SERS in medicine and molecular biology. While a number of excellent reviews devoted to SERS appeared in the literature over the last two decades, we will focus this paper more specifically on several promising trends that have been highlighted less frequently. In particular, we will briefly overview strategies in designing and fabricating SERS substrates using deterministic patterning and then cover most recent biological applications of SERS.
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