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Gutiérrez-Reguero H, Buendía-Romero Á, Franco-López F, Martínez-Cava A, Hernández-Belmonte A, Courel-Ibáñez J, Ara I, Alcazar J, Pallarés JG. Effects of multicomponent training and HMB supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function in institutionalized older adults aged over 70 years: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100208. [PMID: 38489992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the synergist effects of exercise and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function, and muscle power in institutionalized older people. DESIGN Cluster-randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-two institutionalized older adults (age = 83 ± 10 years old; 63% women) were randomized in four groups: exercise plus placebo (EX), HMB supplementation, EX plus HMB supplementation (EX + HMB), and control (CT). INTERVENTION The exercising participants completed a 12-week tailored multicomponent exercise intervention (Vivifrail; 5 days/week of an individualized resistance, cardiovascular, balance and flexibility program), whereas the HMB groups received a drink containing 3 g/day of HMB. MEASUREMENTS Participants were assessed Pre and Post intervention for disability and cognitive function (validated questionnaires), physical function (short physical performance battery, SPPB), handgrip strength and sit-to-stand relative muscle power. Linear mixed-effect models were used to compare changes among groups. RESULTS Compared to baseline, both EX and EX + HMB improved cognitive function (+2.9 and +1.9 points; p < 0.001), SPPB score (+2.9 points and +2.4 points; p < 0.001) and relative muscle power (+0.64 and +0.48 W·kg-1; p < 0.001), while CT and HMB remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Significant between-group differences were noted between CT, EX and EX + HMB for cognitive function (p < 0.01), between CT and EX + HMB for physical function (p = 0.043), and between CT, EX and EX + HMB for relative muscle power (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The Vivifrail exercise program was effective in improving cognitive and physical function, and muscle power in nursing home residents, while HMB supplementation did not provide additional benefits when combined with exercise. These results emphasize the importance of physical exercise interventions in very old people as an essential basis for improving their overall health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Gutiérrez-Reguero
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Ángel Buendía-Romero
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Francisco Franco-López
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Cava
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Álvarez-Bustos A, Carnicero JA, Rueda R, Pereira SL, Santos-Fandila A, López-Pedrosa JM, Molina-Baena B, García-García FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Relationship of endogenous plasma concentrations of β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) with frailty in community dwelling older adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100229. [PMID: 38598977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation with β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) appears to be effective in preserving muscle in older adults. However, the association between endogenously produced HMB with frailty has not been studied in people with chronic disease. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to explore whether an association exists between endogenous HMB levels and frailty status in older adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Data were taken from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing, a community-dwelling aged (65 years+) cohort. Frailty was assessed at baseline and at 2.99 median years according to the Frailty Phenotype (FP) standardized to our population and the Frailty Trait Scale 12 (FTS12). The associations between HMB levels and frailty were assessed using three nested multivariate logistic regressions and segmented by sex. Glucose, HMB and glucose interaction, age and body composition were used as covariables. RESULTS 255 participants (mean age 75.3 years, 52.94% men) were included. HMB levels showed an inverse cross-sectional association with frailty, which was modified when the interaction term HMB*glucose was included, remaining significant only for FTS12 [OR (95% CI): 0.436 (0.253, 0.751), p-value 0.003]. The association between HMB endogenous levels and FTS12 appears to be independent of sex, in which the association was maintained after adjusting for the covariates. However, there appears to be threshold points for glucose levels, above which the protective effect of HMB is lost: 145.4 mg/dl adjusted by gender for the whole sample and 149.6 mg/dl and 138.9 mg/dl for men and women, respectively. Endogenous HMB levels were not found to be associated with incident frailty. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional analysis revealed that endogenous HMB levels were inversely associated with frailty as assessed by the FTS12 in older people with T2DM. This association was found to be dependent on circulating fasted glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Carnicero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Fundación de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco José García-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.
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Tosato M, Ciciarello F, Zazzara MB, Pais C, Savera G, Picca A, Galluzzo V, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Landi F. Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements for Older Adults with Long COVID. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:565-591. [PMID: 35868674 PMCID: PMC9212635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciciarello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Zazzara
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Cristina Pais
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giulia Savera
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Galluzzo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 8, Rome 00168, Italy
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Barranco A, Garcia L, Gruart A, Delgado-Garcia JM, Rueda R, Ramirez M. Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Working Memory and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Rodents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051090. [PMID: 35268065 PMCID: PMC8912805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine, has been shown to preserve muscle mass and strength during aging. The signaling mechanism by which HMB elicits its favorable effects on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle is also preserved in the brain. However, there are only a few studies, all at relatively high doses, addressing the effect of HMB supplementation on cognition. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of HMB on the potentiation of hippocampal synapses following the experimental induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of behaving rats, as well as on working memory test (delayed matching-to-position, DMTP) in mice. HMB doses in rats were 225 (low), 450 (medium), and 900 (high) mg/kg body weight/day and were double in mice. Rats who received medium or high HMB doses improved LTP, suggesting that HMB administration enhances mechanisms related to neuronal plasticity. In the DMTP test, mice that received any of the tested doses of HMB performed better than the control group in the overall test with particularities depending on the dose and the task phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Barranco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Agnes Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41001 Seville, Spain; (A.G.); (J.M.D.-G.)
| | | | - Ricardo Rueda
- Abbott Nutrition, Research and Development, 18004 Granada, Spain;
| | - Maria Ramirez
- Abbott Nutrition, Research and Development, 18004 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-669-127998
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5
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Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Combined with Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for the Study of the Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Articular Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179189. [PMID: 34502096 PMCID: PMC8430473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR microspectroscopy) and multivariate analyses were applied for the classification of the frequency ranges responsible for the distribution changes of the main components of articular cartilage (AC) that occur during dietary β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation. The FTIR imaging analysis of histological AC sections originating from 35-day old male piglets showed the change in the collagen and proteoglycan contents of the HMB-supplemented group compared to the control. The relative amount of collagen content in the superficial zone increased by more than 23% and in the middle zone by about 17%, while no changes in the deep zone were observed compared to the control group. Considering proteoglycans content, a significant increase was registered in the middle and deep zones, respectively; 62% and 52% compared to the control. AFM nanoindentation measurements collected from animals administered with HMB displayed an increase in AC tissue stiffness by detecting a higher value of Young’s modulus in all investigated AC zones. We demonstrated that principal component analysis and artificial neural networks could be trained with spectral information to distinguish AC histological sections and the group under study accurately. This work may support the use and effectiveness of FTIR imaging combined with multivariate analyses as a quantitative alternative to traditional collagenous tissue-related histology.
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Courel-Ibáñez J, Vetrovsky T, Dadova K, Pallarés JG, Steffl M. Health Benefits of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation in Addition to Physical Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092082. [PMID: 31484462 PMCID: PMC6769498 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both regular exercise training and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation are shown as effective treatments to delay or reverse frailty and reduce cognitive impairment in older people. However, there is very little evidence on the true benefits of combining both strategies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of exercise in addition to HMB supplementation, on physical and cognitive health in older adults. Data from 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of HMB supplementation and physical function in adults aged 50 years or older were analyzed, involving 384 participants. Results showed that HMB supplementation in addition to physical exercise has no or fairly low impact in improving body composition, muscle strength, or physical performance in adults aged 50 to 80 years, compared to exercise alone. There is a gap of knowledge on the beneficial effects of HMB combined with exercise to preserve cognitive functions in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Future RCTs are needed to refine treatment choices combining HMB and exercises for older people in particular populations, ages, and health status. Specifically, interventions in older adults aged 80 years or older, with cognitive impairment, frailty, or limited mobility are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague 16252, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Dadova
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague 16252, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Michal Steffl
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague 16252, Czech Republic
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7
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Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Is β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate an effective anabolic agent to improve outcome in older diseased populations? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:207-213. [PMID: 29406417 PMCID: PMC5882564 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used for many years in athletes for muscle buildup and strength, and endurance enhancement. In recent years, its interest quickly expanded in older (diseased) populations and during (exercise) rehabilitation and recovery from hospitalization and surgery. We will discuss recent literature about HMB metabolism, its pharmacokinetics compared with the frequently used metabolite leucine, effectiveness of HMB to improve outcome in older diseased adults, and novel approaches for HMB use. RECENT FINDINGS HMB supplementation resulted in positive outcomes on muscle mass and functionality, related to its anabolic and anticatabolic properties and prolonged half-life time in blood. Furthermore, it was able to increase the benefits of (exercise) rehabilitation programs to enhance recovery from illness or medical procedures. There is promising evidence that HMB might support bone density, improve cognitive function, and reduce abdominal obesity, which is of importance particularly in the older (diseased) population. SUMMARY The older diseased population might benefit from dietary HMB because of its established positive properties as well as its long lasting (pharmacological) effect. In addition to evaluating its efficacy and application in various clinical conditions, more research is needed into the mechanisms of action, the optimal dosage, and its potential additional beneficial effects on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Kougias DG, Das T, Perez AB, Pereira SL. A role for nutritional intervention in addressing the aging neuromuscular junction. Nutr Res 2018; 53:1-14. [PMID: 29804584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss the structural and physiological changes that underlie age-related neuromuscular dysfunction and to summarize current evidence on the potential role of nutritional interventions on neuromuscular dysfunction-associated pathways. Age-related neuromuscular deficits are known to coincide with distinct changes in the central and peripheral nervous system, in the neuromuscular system, and systemically. Although many features contribute to the age-related decline in neuromuscular function, a comprehensive understanding of their integration and temporal relationship is needed. Nonetheless, many nutrients and ingredients show promise in modulating neuromuscular output by counteracting the age-related changes that coincide with neuromuscular dysfunction. In particular, dietary supplements, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and dietary phospholipids, demonstrate potential in ameliorating age-related neuromuscular dysfunction. However, current evidence seldom directly assesses neuromuscular outcomes and is not always in the context of aging. Additional clinical research studies are needed to confirm the benefits of dietary supplements on neuromuscular function, as well as to define the appropriate population, dosage, and duration for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Kougias
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | | | - Suzette L Pereira
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Jorgensen JM, Arnold C, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Cheung YB, Davis JCC, Fan YM, Goonatilleke E, Kortekangas E, Kumwenda C, Lebrilla CB, Maleta K, Totten SM, Wu LD, Dewey KG. Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements During Pregnancy and Lactation Did Not Affect Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bioactive Proteins in a Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2017; 147:1867-1874. [PMID: 28794206 PMCID: PMC5610548 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.252981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive proteins are beneficial to infant health. Recent evidence suggests that maternal nutrition may affect the amount of HMOs and proteins in breast milk; however, the effect of nutrient supplementation on HMOs and bioactive proteins has not yet been well studied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) affect milk bioactive protein and HMO concentrations at 6 mo postpartum in women in rural Malawi. These are secondary outcomes of a previously published randomized controlled trial. METHODS Women were randomly assigned to consume either an iron and folic acid capsule (IFA) daily from ≤20 wk gestation until delivery, followed by placebo daily from delivery to 6 mo postpartum, or a multiple micronutrient (MMN) capsule or LNS daily from ≤20 wk gestation to 6 mo postpartum. Breast milk concentrations of total HMOs, sialylated HMOs, fucosylated HMOs, lactoferrin, lactalbumin, lysozymes, antitrypsin, immunoglobulin A, and osteopontin were analyzed at 6 mo postpartum (n = 647). Between-group differences in concentrations and in proportions of women classified as having low concentrations were tested. RESULTS HMO and bioactive protein concentrations did not differ between groups (P > 0.10 for all comparisons). At 6 mo postpartum, the proportions of women with low HMOs or bioactive proteins were not different between groups except for osteopontin. A lower proportion of women in the IFA group had low osteopontin compared with the LNS group after adjusting for covariates (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION The study findings do not support the hypothesis that supplementation with an LNS or MMN capsule during pregnancy and postpartum would increase HMO or bioactive milk proteins at 6 mo postpartum among Malawian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland;,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - David Chaima
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; and,Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Emma Kortekangas
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chiza Kumwenda
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Chemistry, and,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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Ramachandran S, Ehling S, Shreeram S, Reddy TM. The development and validation of a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of endogenous β-hydroxy- β-methylbutyrate in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tubaon RM, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. One-step selective electrokinetic removal of inorganic anions from small volumes and its application as sample clean-up for mass spectrometric techniques. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1488:134-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Xu G, Davis JCC, Goonatilleke E, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Absolute Quantitation of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Reveals Phenotypic Variations during Lactation. J Nutr 2017; 147:117-124. [PMID: 27798342 PMCID: PMC5177733 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.238279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantitation of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is challenging because of the structural complexity and lack of standards. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to rapidly measure the absolute concentrations of HMOs in milk using LC-mass spectrometry (MS) and to determine the phenotypic secretor status of the mothers. METHODS This quantitative method for measuring HMO concentration was developed by using ultraperformance LC multiple reaction monitoring MS. It was validated and applied to milk samples from Malawi (88 individuals; 88 samples from postnatal month 6) and the United States (Davis, California; 45 individuals, mean age: 32 y; 103 samples collected on postnatal days 10, 26, 71, or 120, repeated measures included). The concentrations of α(1,2)-fucosylated HMOs were used to determine the mothers' phenotypic secretor status with high sensitivity and specificity. We used Friedman's test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test to evaluate the change in HMO concentration during the course of lactation, and Student's t test was used to compare secretors and nonsecretors. RESULTS A decrease (P < 0.05) in HMO concentration was observed during the course of lactation for the US mothers, corresponding to 19.3 ± 2.9 g/L for milk collected on postnatal day 10, decreasing to 8.53 ± 1.18 g/L on day 120 (repeated measures; n = 14). On postnatal day 180, the total concentration of HMOs in Malawi milk samples from secretors (6.46 ± 1.74 mg/mL) was higher (P < 0.05) than that in samples from nonsecretors (5.25 ± 2.55 mg/mL ). The same trend was observed for fucosylated species; the concentration was higher in Malawi milk samples from secretors (4.91 ± 1.22 mg/mL) than from nonsecretors (3.42 ± 2.27 mg/mL) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HMOs significantly decrease during the course of lactation. Secretor milk contains higher concentrations of total and fucosylated HMOs than does nonsecretor milk. These HMO concentrations can be correlated to the health of breastfed infants in order to investigate the protective effects of milk components. The trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817127 and NCT00524446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry,,Foods for Health Institute, and
| | | | | | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, and,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, and,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
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13
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Kougias DG, Hankosky ER, Gulley JM, Juraska JM. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) ameliorates age-related deficits in water maze performance, especially in male rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 170:93-99. [PMID: 28038406 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is commonly supplemented to maintain muscle in elderly and clinical populations and has potential as a nootropic. Previously, we have shown that in both male and female rats, long-term HMB supplementation prevents age-related dendritic shrinkage within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and improves cognitive flexibility and working memory performance that are both age- and sex-specific. In this study, we further explore the cognitive effects by assessing visuospatial learning and memory with the Morris water maze. Female rats were ovariectomized at 11months of age to model human menopause. At 12months of age, male and female rats received relatively short- or long-term (1- or 7-month) dietary HMB (450mg/kg/dose) supplementation twice a day prior to testing. Spatial reference learning and memory was assessed across four days in the water maze with four trials daily and a probe trial on the last day. Consistent with previous work, there were age-related deficits in water maze performance in both sexes. However, these deficits were ameliorated in HMB-treated males during training and in both sexes during probe trial performance. Thus, HMB supplementation prevented the age-related decrement in water maze performance, especially in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Kougias
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Emily R Hankosky
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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14
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Munroe M, Pincu Y, Merritt J, Cobert A, Brander R, Jensen T, Rhodes J, Boppart MD. Impact of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on age-related functional deficits in mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:57-66. [PMID: 27887984 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine. Recent studies demonstrate a decline in plasma HMB concentrations in humans across the lifespan, and HMB supplementation may be able to preserve muscle mass and strength in older adults. However, the impact of HMB supplementation on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously evaluate the impact of HMB on muscle strength, neurogenesis and cognition in young and aged mice. In addition, we evaluated the influence of HMB on muscle-resident mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (Sca-1+CD45-; mMSC) function to address these cells potential to regulate physiological outcomes. Three month-old (n=20) and 24 month-old (n=18) female C57BL/6 mice were provided with either Ca-HMB or Ca-Lactate in a sucrose solution twice per day for 5.5weeks at a dose of 450mg/kg body weight. Significant decreases in relative peak and mean force, balance, and neurogenesis were observed in aged mice compared to young (age main effects, p≤0.05). Short-term HMB supplementation did not alter activity, balance, neurogenesis, or cognitive function in young or aged mice, yet HMB preserved relative peak force in aged mice. mMSC gene expression was significantly reduced with age, but HMB supplementation was able to recover expression of select growth factors known to stimulate muscle repair (HGF, LIF). Overall, our findings demonstrate that while short-term HMB supplementation does not appear to affect neurogenesis or cognitive function in young or aged mice, HMB may maintain muscle strength in aged mice in a manner dependent on mMSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Munroe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yair Pincu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer Merritt
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adam Cobert
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ryan Brander
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tor Jensen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Carle Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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15
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Prinsen HCMT, Schiebergen-Bronkhorst BGM, Roeleveld MW, Jans JJM, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, Visser G, van Hasselt PM, Verhoeven-Duif NM. Rapid quantification of underivatized amino acids in plasma by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:651-660. [PMID: 27099181 PMCID: PMC4987396 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acidopathies are a class of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) that can be diagnosed by analysis of amino acids (AA) in plasma. Current strategies for AA analysis include cation exchange HPLC with post-column ninhydrin derivatization, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS-related methods. Major drawbacks of the current methods are time-consuming procedures, derivative problems, problems with retention, and MS-sensitivity. The use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns is an ideal separation mode for hydrophilic compounds like AA. Here we report a HILIC-method for analysis of 36 underivatized AA in plasma to detect defects in AA metabolism that overcomes the major drawbacks of other methods. METHODS A rapid, sensitive, and specific method was developed for the analysis of AA in plasma without derivatization using HILIC coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry (Xevo TQ, Waters). RESULTS Excellent separation of 36 AA (24 quantitative/12 qualitative) in plasma was achieved on an Acquity BEH Amide column (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm) in a single MS run of 18 min. Plasma of patients with a known IEM in AA metabolism was analyzed and all patients were correctly identified. CONCLUSION The reported method analyzes 36 AA in plasma within 18 min and provides baseline separation of isomeric AA such as leucine and isoleucine. No separation was obtained for isoleucine and allo-isoleucine. The method is applicable to study defects in AA metabolism in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus C M T Prinsen
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, KC.02.069.1, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - B G M Schiebergen-Bronkhorst
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, KC.02.069.1, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M W Roeleveld
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, KC.02.069.1, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J J M Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, KC.02.069.1, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M G M de Sain-van der Velden
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, KC.02.069.1, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Visser
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N M Verhoeven-Duif
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, KC.02.069.1, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Hankosky ER, Sherrill LK, Ruvola LA, Haake RM, Kim T, Hammerslag LR, Kougias DG, Juraska JM, Gulley JM. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate on working memory and cognitive flexibility in an animal model of aging. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:379-387. [PMID: 26896292 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Normal aging results in cognitive decline and nutritional interventions have been suggested as potential approaches for mitigating these deficits. Here, we used rats to investigate the effects of short- and long-term dietary supplementation with the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) on working memory and cognitive flexibility. METHODS Beginning ∼12 months of age, male and female Long-Evans rats were given twice daily access to sipper tubes containing calcium HMB (450 mg/kg) or vehicle (285 mg/kg calcium lactate) in a sucrose solution (20% w/v). Supplementation continued for 1 or 7 months (middle- and old-age (OA) groups, respectively) before testing began. Working memory was assessed by requiring rats to respond on a previously sampled lever following various delays. Cognitive flexibility was assessed by training rats to earn food according to a visual strategy and then, once acquired, shifting to an egocentric response strategy. RESULTS Treatment with HMB improved working memory performance in middle-age (MA) males and OA rats of both sexes. In the cognitive flexibility task, there was a significant age-dependent deficit in acquisition of the visual strategy that was not apparent in OA males treated with HMB. Furthermore, HMB ameliorated an apparent deficit in visual strategy acquisition in MA females. DISCUSSION Together, these findings suggest that daily nutritional supplementation with HMB facilitates learning and improves working memory performance. As such, HMB supplementation may mitigate age-related cognitive deficits and may therefore be an effective tool to combat this undesirable feature of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hankosky
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | - Luke K Sherrill
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | - Lauren A Ruvola
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | - Rachel M Haake
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | - Taehyeon Kim
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | | | - Daniel G Kougias
- b Neuroscience Program , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | - Janice M Juraska
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA.,b Neuroscience Program , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- a Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA.,b Neuroscience Program , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , USA
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17
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Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ameliorates aging effects in the dendritic tree of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of both male and female rats. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 40:78-85. [PMID: 26973106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a supplement commonly used to maintain muscle in elderly and clinical populations, has been unexplored in the aging brain. In both healthy aging humans and rat models, there are cognitive deficits associated with age-related dendritic shrinkage within the prefrontal cortex. The present study explores the effects of relatively short- and long-term (7 and 31 weeks) oral HMB supplementation starting at 12 months of age in male and female rats on the dendritic tree of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. Since female rats continue to secrete ovarian hormones after reaching reproductive senescence, middle-aged female rats were ovariectomized to model humans. As expected, there were fewer spines and a retraction of dendritic material in the apical and basilar trees in old age controls of both sexes compared with their middle-aged counterparts. However, these losses did not occur in the HMB-treated rats in either dendrites or the total number of dendritic spines. Thus, HMB forestalled the effects of aging on the dendritic tree of this population of neurons.
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18
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Santos-Fandila A, Bueno-Vargas P, Zafra-Gómez A, López-Pedrosa JM, Ramírez M. Quantification of β-hydroxymethylbutyrate and leucine by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at different situations and stages of a rodent life. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 995-996:54-63. [PMID: 26025886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to develop a method to measure Leucine (Leu) and β-hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) at basal levels in serum, urine, milk and brain microdialysates in rats. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used as analytical technique. The sample treatment was simple and consisted of dilution with methanol and centrifugation for serum and urine, dilution with water and filtration with an Amicon filter for milk, and treatment with formic acid with no further dilution for microdialyzates. The procedures for sampling and the UHPLC-MS/MS parameters were accurately optimized to achieve the highest recoveries and to enhance the analytical characteristics of the method. For chromatographic separation, an Acquity UPLC BEH Amide column using acetonitrile-water gradient with formic acid as additive was used. The total run time was 4min. The analytical characteristics (accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity) of the proposed method were evaluated. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained ranged from 0.4 to 7ngmL(-1) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) from 1 to 22ngmL(-1). Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (% RSD), was lower than 15% in all cases, and the determination coefficient (R(2)) was equal or higher than 99.0% with a residual deviation for each calibration point lower than ±25%. Mean recoveries were between 85 and 115%. The method was successfully applied to these matrices being able to detect significant differences between physiological situations, strains and stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos-Fandila
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Discovery Technology, Camino de Purchil 68, Granada E-18004, Spain; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, Granada E-18071, Spain.
| | - P Bueno-Vargas
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Discovery Technology, Camino de Purchil 68, Granada E-18004, Spain
| | - A Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, Granada E-18071, Spain
| | - J M López-Pedrosa
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Discovery Technology, Camino de Purchil 68, Granada E-18004, Spain
| | - M Ramírez
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development, Discovery Technology, Camino de Purchil 68, Granada E-18004, Spain
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