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Monangi NK, Xu H, Fan YM, Khanam R, Khan W, Deb S, Pervin J, Price JT, Kaur L, Al Mahmud A, Thanh LQ, Care A, Landero JA, Combs GF, Belling E, Chappell J, Chen J, Kong F, Lacher C, Ahmed S, Chowdhury NH, Rahman S, Kabir F, Nisar I, Hotwani A, Mehmood U, Nizar A, Khalid J, Dhingra U, Dutta A, Ali SM, Aftab F, Juma MH, Rahman M, Ahmed T, Islam MM, Vwalika B, Musonda P, Ashorn U, Maleta K, Hallman M, Goodfellow L, Gupta JK, Alfirevic A, Murphy SK, Rand L, Ryckman KK, Murray JC, Bahl R, Litch JA, Baruch-Gravett C, Sopory S, Chandra Mouli Natchu U, Kumar PV, Kumari N, Thiruvengadam R, Singh AK, Kumar P, Alfirevic Z, Baqui AH, Bhatnagar S, Hirst JE, Hoyo C, Jehan F, Jelliffe-Pawlowski L, Rahman A, Roth DE, Sazawal S, Stringer JSA, Ashorn P, Zhang G, Muglia LJ. Association of maternal prenatal copper concentration with gestational duration and preterm birth: a multicountry meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:221-231. [PMID: 37890672 PMCID: PMC10808817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper (Cu), an essential trace mineral regulating multiple actions of inflammation and oxidative stress, has been implicated in risk for preterm birth (PTB). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association of maternal Cu concentration during pregnancy with PTB risk and gestational duration in a large multicohort study including diverse populations. METHODS Maternal plasma or serum samples of 10,449 singleton live births were obtained from 18 geographically diverse study cohorts. Maternal Cu concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The associations of maternal Cu with PTB and gestational duration were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions for each cohort. The estimates were then combined using meta-analysis. Associations between maternal Cu and acute-phase reactants (APRs) and infection status were analyzed in 1239 samples from the Malawi cohort. RESULTS The maternal prenatal Cu concentration in our study samples followed normal distribution with mean of 1.92 μg/mL and standard deviation of 0.43 μg/mL, and Cu concentrations increased with gestational age up to 20 wk. The random-effect meta-analysis across 18 cohorts revealed that 1 μg/mL increase in maternal Cu concentration was associated with higher risk of PTB with odds ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.57) and shorter gestational duration of 1.64 d (95% CI: 0.56, 2.73). In the Malawi cohort, higher maternal Cu concentration, concentrations of multiple APRs, and infections (malaria and HIV) were correlated and associated with greater risk of PTB and shorter gestational duration. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports robust negative association between maternal Cu and gestational duration and positive association with risk for PTB. Cu concentration was strongly correlated with APRs and infection status suggesting its potential role in inflammation, a pathway implicated in the mechanisms of PTB. Therefore, maternal Cu could be used as potential marker of integrated inflammatory pathways during pregnancy and risk for PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra K Monangi
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Huan Xu
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Rasheeda Khanam
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Waqasuddin Khan
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Saikat Deb
- Research Division, Public Health Laboratory, Center for Public Health Kinetics, Chake Chake, Tanzania
| | - Jesmin Pervin
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Joan T Price
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Lovejeet Kaur
- Child and Maternal Health Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Angharad Care
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julio A Landero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gerald F Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Belling
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joanne Chappell
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Fansheng Kong
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Craig Lacher
- USDA-ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | | | | | | | - Furqan Kabir
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Imran Nisar
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Usma Mehmood
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Nizar
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Javairia Khalid
- Biorepository and Omics Research Group, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Usha Dhingra
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi, India
| | - Arup Dutta
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi, India
| | - Said Mohamed Ali
- Research Division, Public Health Laboratory, Center for Public Health Kinetics, Chake Chake, Tanzania
| | - Fahad Aftab
- Research Division, Public Health Laboratory, Center for Public Health Kinetics, Chake Chake, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Hamad Juma
- Research Division, Public Health Laboratory, Center for Public Health Kinetics, Chake Chake, Tanzania
| | - Monjur Rahman
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Munirul Islam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Patrick Musonda
- School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mikko Hallman
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Medical Research Centre Oulu, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, Finland
| | - Laura Goodfellow
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Juhi K Gupta
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Alfirevic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Larry Rand
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Rajiv Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James A Litch
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, Lynnwood, WA, United States
| | | | - Shailaja Sopory
- Child and Maternal Health Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | | | - Pavitra V Kumar
- Geochronology Group, Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), Delhi, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Child and Maternal Health Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Child and Maternal Health Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Geochronology Group, Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Geochronology Group, Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), Delhi, India
| | - Zarko Alfirevic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Child and Maternal Health Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Jane E Hirst
- Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Ming City, Vietnam; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel E Roth
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sunil Sazawal
- Research Division, Public Health Laboratory, Center for Public Health Kinetics, Chake Chake, Tanzania; Center for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeffrey S A Stringer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ge Zhang
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Luoma J, Adubra L, Alber D, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Cloutman-Green E, Diallo F, Ducker C, Elovainio R, Fan YM, Gates L, Gruffudd G, Haapaniemi T, Haidara F, Hallamaa L, Ihamuotila R, Klein N, Martell O, Sow S, Vehmasto T, Cheung YB. Statistical analysis plan for the LAKANA trial: a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel group, three-arm clinical trial testing the effects of mass drug administration of azithromycin on mortality and other outcomes among 1-11-month-old infants in Mali. Trials 2023; 24:733. [PMID: 37968741 PMCID: PMC10648361 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Large-scale Assessment of the Key health-promoting Activities of two New mass drug administration regimens with Azithromycin (LAKANA) trial in Mali aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin (AZI) mass drug administration (MDA) to 1-11-month-old infants as well as the impact of the intervention on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and mechanisms of action of azithromycin. To improve the transparency and quality of this clinical trial, we prepared this statistical analysis plan (SAP). METHODS/DESIGN LAKANA is a cluster randomized trial that aims to address the mortality and health impacts of biannual and quarterly AZI MDA. AZI is given to 1-11-month-old infants in a high-mortality setting where a seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) program is in place. The participating villages are randomly assigned to placebo (control), two-dose AZI (biannual azithromycin-MDA), and four-dose AZI (quarterly azithromycin-MDA) in a 3:4:2 ratio. The primary outcome of the study is mortality among the intention-to-treat population of 1-11-month-old infants. We will evaluate relative risk reduction between the study arms using a mixed-effects Poisson model with random intercepts for villages, using log link function with person-years as an offset variable. We will model outcomes related to secondary objectives of the study using generalized linear models with considerations on clustering. CONCLUSION The SAP written prior to data collection completion will help avoid reporting bias and data-driven analysis for the primary and secondary aims of the trial. If there are deviations from the analysis methods described here, they will be described and justified in the publications of the trial results. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04424511 . Registered on 11 June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Luoma
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Laura Adubra
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dagmar Alber
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elaine Cloutman-Green
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Riku Elovainio
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lily Gates
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tiia Haapaniemi
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Lotta Hallamaa
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rikhard Ihamuotila
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nigel Klein
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Samba Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Taru Vehmasto
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research and Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Zhao L, Li T, Wang H, Fan YM, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wang S, Sun P, Wang P, Jiangcuo Z, Tong L, Wang L, Peng W. Association of co-exposure to metal(loid)s during pregnancy with birth outcomes in the Tibetan plateau. Chemosphere 2023; 342:140144. [PMID: 37704082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal metal (loid)s exposure has been related to birth outcomes but the results are still inconclusive. Most previous studies have discussed the single metal (loid)s, neglecting the scene of co-exposure. We examined the associations of both single metal (loid)s and metal mixtures with birth outcomes in a birth cohort from the Tibetan Plateau, including body weight, body length, head circumference, small for gestational age (SGA), and Ponderal index (PI). In our analysis of 1069 women, we measured 29 metal (loid)s in urine samples in the third trimester. The associations of single metal (loid)s with categorical or continuous birth outcomes were evaluated using a generalized linear mixed-effects model or linear mixed-effects model, respectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, Bayesian kernel machine, and Quantile g-computation regression were used to explore the joint association. We also evaluated the interactive effects of ethnicity and altitude on the effect of metal (loid)s on birth outcomes. Copper (Cu) concentration in maternal urine was positively associated with SGA, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference in the single pollutant models. For instance, Cu was associated with an increased risk of SGA [OR (95% CI) = 1.56 (1.23, 1.97); P < 0.001]. We didn't find significant joint association of metal mixtures with birth outcomes except a positive association between the mixture of Cu, Magnesium (Mg), and Iron (Fe) with the risk of SGA when the exposure level was above its 80th percentile, and Cu dominated the adverse association in a non-linear manner. Living altitude modified the associations of Cu with SGA and the positive association was only found in participants living at high altitude. In conclusion, maternal urinary metal (loid)s, especially Cu, was the dominant harmful metal (loid)s when associated with SGA on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yuancan Xiao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinhua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, China
| | | | - Li Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Liehong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, China.
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China.
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Sady H, Chaima D, Hallamaa L, Kortekangas E, Ashorn U, Banda J, Mangani C, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Fan YM. Effect of dietary intervention on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among 6-18-month-old children in rural Malawi. Malar J 2023; 22:266. [PMID: 37697296 PMCID: PMC10496296 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex interaction between malaria and undernutrition leads to increased mortality and morbidity rate among young children in malaria-endemic regions. Results from previous interventions suggest that improving nutritional status of young children may reduce the burden of malaria. This study tested a hypothesis that provision of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) or corn-soy blend (CSB) supplementation to 6-18-month-old children in Malawi would reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among them. METHODS A total of 840 6-month-old children were enrolled in a randomized trial. The participants received 12-month supplementation with three different daily dietary supplementations: CSB, soy-LNS, or milk-LNS, and one control group without supplementation. The prevalence rate of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum was determined by real-time PCR from the participant's dried blood spots (DBS) collected at the baseline and every 3 months. The global null hypothesis was tested using modified Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) between the control group and three intervention groups at all ages combined. All the models were adjusted for malaria at baseline, season of DBS sample collection, site of enrolment, and household asset Z-score. RESULTS All children combined, the prevalence of P. falciparum was 14.1% at enrollment, 8.7% at 9 months, 11.2% at 12 months, 13.0% at 15 months and 22.4% at 18 months of age. Among all samples that were taken after enrolment, the prevalence was 12.1% in control group, 12.2% in milk-LNS, 14.0% in soy-LNS, and 17.2% in CSB group. Compared to children in the control group the prevalence ratio of positive malaria tests was 1.19 (95% CI 0.81-1.74; P = 0.372) in the milk-LNS group, 1.32 (95% CI 0.88-1.96; P = 0.177) in the soy-LNS group and 1.72 (95% CI 1.19-2.49; P = 0.004) in the CSB group. CONCLUSION The study findings do not support a hypothesis that LNS or CSB supplementation would reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among Malawian children. In contrast, there was a signal of a possible increase in malaria prevalence among children supplemented with CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Sady
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen.
| | - David Chaima
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Lotta Hallamaa
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jomo Banda
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland
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5
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Liu JY, Shao JY, Liu Y, Li H, Kong X, Zhao Y, Fan YM, Wu B, Zhao M. [Hepatitis B virus down-regulates the expression of inhibin and promotes the proliferation and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:288-292. [PMID: 37137855 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230310-00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect and role of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the expression of inhibin (PHB) in the proliferation and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods: The expression of PHB in 13 pairs of HBV-infected livers, normal livers and HepG2.2.15 and HepG2 cells was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot. Liver tissues were collected from seven patients with chronic hepatitis B before and after antiviral (tenofovir) treatment, and the expression of PHB was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. HepG2.2.15 cells were transfected with Pcmv6-AC-GFP-PHB, and control vectors were collected. DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation level of each cell group was detected using the EdU cell proliferation assay. HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with Pcmv6-AC-GFP-PHB and the control vector were cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days. Apoptosis was measured at the indicated time points using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based Annexin-V/PI double staining. Results: Compared with normal liver tissue, the expression of PHB in HBV-infected liver tissue was down-regulated (P < 0.01). Compared with HepG2 cells, the expression of PHB in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The expression level of PHB in liver tissue after antiviral treatment (tenofovir) was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.01). Compared with the control vector, the proliferation rate of HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with Pcmv6-AC-GFP-PHB was significantly lower than that of the control vector, and the apoptosis rate of HepG2.2.15 cells transfected with the Pcmv6-AC-GFP-PHB vector was significantly higher than the control vector (P < 0.01). Conclusion: HBV down-regulates the expression of inhibin to promote the proliferation and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Liu
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - J Y Shao
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - Y Liu
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - H Li
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - X Kong
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - Y M Fan
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - B Wu
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - M Zhao
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
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Hallamaa L, Ashorn P, Cheung YB, Luntamo M, Ashorn U, Kulmala T, Maleta K, Mangani C, Fan YM. The Impact of Antenatal Azithromycin and Monthly Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine on Maternal Malaria during Pregnancy and Fetal Growth: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:768-776. [PMID: 36780896 PMCID: PMC10077022 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal malaria and infections during pregnancy are risk factors for fetal growth restriction. We assessed the impact of preventive treatment in pregnancy on maternal malaria and fetal growth. Between 2003 and 2006, we enrolled 1,320 pregnant Malawian women, 14-26 gestation weeks, in a randomized trial and treated them with two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, control) at enrollment and between 28-34 gestation weeks; with monthly SP from enrollment until 37 gestation weeks; or with monthly SP and azithromycin twice, at enrollment and between 28 and 34 gestation weeks (AZI-SP). Participants were seen at 4-week intervals until 36 completed gestation weeks and weekly thereafter. At each visit, we collected dried blood spots for real-time polymerase chain reaction diagnosing of malaria parasitemia and, in a random subgroup of 341 women, we measured fetal biparietal diameter and femur length with ultrasound. For the monthly SP versus the control group, the odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) of malaria parasitemia during the second, third, and both trimesters combined were 0.79 (0.46-1.37), 0.58 (0.37-0.92), and 0.64 (0.42-0.98), respectively. The corresponding ORs for the AZI-SP versus control group were 0.47 (0.26-0.84), 0.51 (0.32-0.81), and 0.50 (0.32-0.76), respectively. Differences between the AZI-SP and the monthly SP groups were not statistically significant. The interventions did not affect fetal biparietal diameter and femur length growth velocity. The results suggest that preventive maternal treatment with monthly SP reduced malaria parasitemia during pregnancy in Malawi and that the addition of azithromycin did not provide much additional antimalarial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Hallamaa
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mari Luntamo
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teija Kulmala
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Public Health, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Charles Mangani
- Department of Public Health, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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7
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Adubra L, Alber D, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Cheung YB, Cloutman-Green E, Diallo F, Ducker C, Elovainio R, Fan YM, Gates L, Gruffudd G, Haapaniemi T, Haidara F, Hallamaa L, Ihamuotila R, Klein N, Luoma J, Martell O, Sow S, Vehmasto T. Testing the effects of mass drug administration of azithromycin on mortality and other outcomes among 1-11-month-old infants in Mali (LAKANA): study protocol for a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group, three-arm clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:5. [PMID: 36597115 PMCID: PMC9809521 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin (AZI) has been shown to reduce under-5 mortality in some but not all sub-Saharan African settings. A large-scale cluster-randomized trial conducted in Malawi, Niger, and Tanzania suggested that the effect differs by country, may be stronger in infants, and may be concentrated within the first 3 months after treatment. Another study found no effect when azithromycin was given concomitantly with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Given the observed heterogeneity and possible effect modification by other co-interventions, further trials are needed to determine the efficacy in additional settings and to determine the most effective treatment regimen. METHODS LAKANA stands for Large-scale Assessment of the Key health-promoting Activities of two New mass drug administration regimens with Azithromycin. The LAKANA trial is designed to address the mortality and health impacts of 4 or 2 annual rounds of azithromycin MDA delivered to 1-11-month-old (29-364 days) infants, in a high-mortality and malaria holoendemic Malian setting where there is a national SMC program. Participating villages (clusters) are randomly allocated in a ratio of 3:2:4 to three groups: placebo (control):4-dose AZI:2-dose AZI. The primary outcome measured is mortality. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will be monitored closely before, during, and after the intervention and both among those receiving and those not receiving MDA with the study drugs. Other outcomes, from a subset of villages, comprise efficacy outcomes related to morbidity, growth and nutritional status, outcomes related to the mechanism of azithromycin activity through measures of malaria parasitemia and inflammation, safety outcomes (AMR, adverse and serious adverse events), and outcomes related to the implementation of the intervention documenting feasibility, acceptability, and economic aspects. The enrolment commenced in October 2020 and is planned to be completed by the end of 2022. The expected date of study completion is December 2024. DISCUSSION If LAKANA provides evidence in support of a positive mortality benefit resulting from azithromycin MDA, it will significantly contribute to the options for successfully promoting child survival in Mali, and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04424511. Registered on 11 June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Adubra
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dagmar Alber
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Per Ashorn
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Health Services and Systems Research and Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Cloutman-Green
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Riku Elovainio
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lily Gates
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tiia Haapaniemi
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Lotta Hallamaa
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rikhard Ihamuotila
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nigel Klein
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juho Luoma
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Samba Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Taru Vehmasto
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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8
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Luoma J, Adubra L, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Bendabenda J, Dewey KG, Hallamaa L, Coghlan R, Horton WA, Hyöty H, Kortekangas E, Lehto KM, Maleta K, Matchado A, Nkhoma M, Oikarinen S, Parkkila S, Purmonen S, Fan YM. Association between asymptomatic infections and linear growth in 18-24-month-old Malawian children. Matern Child Nutr 2023; 19:e13417. [PMID: 36111423 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate diet and frequent symptomatic infections are considered major causes of growth stunting in low-income countries, but interventions targeting these risk factors have achieved limited success. Asymptomatic infections can restrict growth, but little is known about their role in global stunting prevalence. We investigated factors related to length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) at 24 months by constructing an interconnected network of various infections, biomarkers of inflammation (as assessed by alpha-1-acid glycoprotein [AGP]), and growth (insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] and collagen X biomarker [CXM]) at 18 months, as well as other children, maternal, and household level factors. Among 604 children, there was a continuous decline in mean LAZ and increased mean length deficit from birth to 24 months. At 18 months of age, the percentage of asymptomatic children who carried each pathogen was: 84.5% enterovirus, 15.5% parechovirus, 7.7% norovirus, 4.6% rhinovirus, 0.6% rotavirus, 69.6% Campylobacter, 53.8% Giardia lamblia, 11.9% malaria parasites, 10.2% Shigella, and 2.7% Cryptosporidium. The mean plasma IGF-1 concentration was 12.5 ng/ml and 68% of the children had systemic inflammation (plasma AGP concentration >1 g/L). Shigella infection was associated with lower LAZ at 24 months through both direct and indirect pathways, whereas enterovirus, norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and malaria infections were associated with lower LAZ at 24 months indirectly, predominantly through increased systemic inflammation and reduced plasma IGF-1 and CXM concentration at 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Luoma
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Adubra
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaden Bendabenda
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lotta Hallamaa
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ryan Coghlan
- Research Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William A Horton
- Research Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrew Matchado
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Minyanga Nkhoma
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Fimlab Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Purmonen
- Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Liu Z, Fan YM, Ashorn P, Chingwanda C, Maleta K, Hallamaa L, Hyöty H, Chaima D, Ashorn U. Lack of Associations between Environmental Exposures and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction among 18-Month-Old Children in Rural Malawi. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10891. [PMID: 36078607 PMCID: PMC9517768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is common and contributes to linear growth faltering (stunting) and mortality among children in low-resource settings. A few studies on the environmental causes of EED have been conducted but the exact exposures that cause or predispose children to EED are context-specific and not clear. This study aimed to assess associations between selected environmental exposures and EED markers among 620 18-month-old children. This was a secondary analysis of data from Malawian children who participated in a randomized controlled trial (iLiNS-DYAD, registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693) from birth to 18 months of age. Data on environmental exposures, including drinking water source, sanitation, exposure to animals, housing materials, season, residential area, and food insecurity were collected at enrolment. Biomarkers of EED included concentrations of calprotectin, regenerating 1B protein (REG1B), and alpha-1-antitrypsin from stool samples to assess intestinal inflammation, repair, and permeability, respectively. We performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess associations between environmental exposures and EED biomarkers. Adjusting for possible confounders, we did not find associations between the selected environmental exposures and the three biomarkers. These results do not provide support for our hypothesis that the studied adverse environmental exposures are associated with increased concentrations of children's EED markers in rural Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Liu
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Chilungamo Chingwanda
- School of Public Health & Family Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health & Family Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Lotta Hallamaa
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- School of Public Health & Family Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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10
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Alber D, Haidara FC, Luoma J, Adubra L, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Badji H, Cloutman-Green E, Diallo F, Ihamuotila R, Klein N, Martell O, Onwuchekwa UU, Samaké O, Sow SO, Traore A, Wilson K, Ducker C, Fan YM. SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody seroprevalence in routine surveillance patients, healthcare workers and general population in Kita region, Mali: an observational study 2020-2021. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060367. [PMID: 35710236 PMCID: PMC9207578 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the degree of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs) and general population in Kita region of Mali. DESIGN Routine surveillance in 12 health facilities, HCWs serosurvey in five health facilities and community serosurvey in 16 villages in or near Kita town, Mali. SETTING Kita region, western Mali; local health centres around the central (regional) referral health centre. PARTICIPANTS Patients in routine surveillance, HCWs in local health centres and community members of all ages in populations associated with study health centres. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Seropositivity of ELISA test detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific total antibodies and real-time RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS From 2392 routine surveillance samples, 68 (2.8%, 95% CI: 2.2% to 3.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The monthly positivity rate was 0% in June-August 2020 and gradually increased to 6% by December 2020 and 6.2% by January 2021, then declined to 5.5%, 3.3%, 3.6% and 0.8% in February, March, April and May 2021, respectively. From 397 serum samples collected from 113 HCWs, 175 (44.1%, 95% CI: 39.1% to 49.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The monthly seroprevalence was around 10% from September to November 2020 and increased to over 40% from December 2020 to May 2021. For community serosurvey in December 2020, overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 27.7%. The highest age-stratified seroprevalence was observed in participants aged 60-69 years (45.5%, 95% CI: 32.3% to 58.6%). The lowest was in children aged 0-9 years (14.0%, 95% CI: 7.4% to 20.6%). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 in rural Mali is much more widespread than assumed by national testing data and particularly in the older population and frontline HCWs. The observation is contrary to the widely expressed view, based on limited data, that COVID-19 infection rates were lower in 2020-2021 in West Africa than in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Alber
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Juho Luoma
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Adubra
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henry Badji
- Center for Vaccine Development-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Elaine Cloutman-Green
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rikhard Ihamuotila
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nigel Klein
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Oumar Samaké
- Center for Vaccine Development-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Samba O Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Awa Traore
- Center for Vaccine Development-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kevin Wilson
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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11
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Haskell MJ, Maleta K, Arnold CD, Jorgensen JM, Fan YM, Ashorn U, Matchado A, Monangi NK, Zhang G, Xu H, Belling E, Landero J, Chappell J, Muglia LJ, Hallman M, Ashorn P, Dewey KG. Provision of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Increases Plasma Selenium Concentration in Pregnant Women in Malawi: A Secondary Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac013. [PMID: 35317414 PMCID: PMC8929992 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women in Malawi are at risk of selenium deficiency, which can have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Interventions for improving selenium status are needed. Objectives To assess the effect of provision of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) to Malawian women during pregnancy on their plasma selenium concentrations at 36 wk of gestation. Methods Pregnant women (≤20 wk of gestation) were randomly assigned to receive daily either: 1) iron and folic acid (IFA); 2) multiple micronutrients (MMN; 130 µg selenium per capsule); or 3) SQ-LNS (130 µg selenium/20 g). Plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at baseline and after ≥16 wk of intervention (at 36 wk of gestation) and compared by intervention group. Results At 36 wk of gestation, median (quartile 1, quartile 3) plasma selenium concentrations (micromoles per liter) were 0.96 (0.73, 1.23), 0.94 (0.78, 1.18), and 1.01 (0.85, 1.28) in the IFA, MMN, and SQ-LNS groups, respectively. Geometric mean (GM) plasma selenium concentration was 5.4% (95% CI: 1.8%, 9.0%) higher in the SQ-LNS group than in the MMN group and tended to be higher than in the IFA group (+4.2%; 95% CI: 1.0%, 7.8%). The prevalence of adjusted plasma selenium concentrations <1 µmol/L was 55.1%, 57.8%, and 47.3% in the IFA, MMN, and SQ-LNS groups, respectively; it was lower in the SQ-LNS group than in the MMN group, OR = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.83), and tended to be lower than in the IFA group, OR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.29, 1.03). There was a significant interaction between baseline plasma selenium concentration and intervention group (P = 0.003). In the lowest tertile of baseline selenium concentrations, GM plasma selenium concentration was higher, and the prevalence of low values was lower in the SQ-LNS group compared with the MMN and IFA groups at 36 wk of gestation (P ≤ 0.007). Conclusions Provision of SQ-LNS containing selenium to pregnant women can be an effective strategy for improving their selenium status.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01239693).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie J Haskell
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Josh M Jorgensen
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrew Matchado
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nagendra K Monangi
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Huan Xu
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Belling
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julio Landero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joanne Chappell
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Kortekangas E, Fan YM, Chaima D, Lehto KM, Malamba-Banda C, Matchado A, Chingwanda C, Liu Z, Ashorn U, Cheung YB, Dewey KG, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Associations between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation, Permeability and Damage in Young Malawian Children. J Trop Pediatr 2022; 68:6527323. [PMID: 35149871 PMCID: PMC8846364 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is common in low- and middle-income countries and associated with childhood undernutrition. The composition of gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of EED. Our aim was to assess the associations between gut microbiota and EED biomarkers in rural Malawian children. We hypothesized that there would be an inverse association between microbiota maturity and diversity and fecal concentrations of EED biomarkers. METHODS We used data from fecal samples collected at 6, 18 and 30 months from 611 children who were followed up during a nutrition intervention trial. The primary time point for analysis was 18 months. Microbiota data were obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing and variables included microbiota maturity and diversity, phylogenetic dissimilarity and relative abundances of individual taxa. EED biomarkers included calprotectin (marker of inflammation), alpha-1 antitrypsin (intestinal permeability) and REG1B (intestinal damage). RESULTS There was an inverse association between microbiota maturity and diversity and fecal concentrations of all 3 EED biomarkers at 18 months (p≤0.001). The results were similar at 30 months, while at 6 months inverse associations were found only with calprotectin and alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrations. At 18 months, EED biomarkers were not associated with phylogenetic dissimilarity, but at 6 and 30 months several associations were observed. Individual taxa predicting EED biomarker concentrations at 18 months included several Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae taxa as well as potentially displaced oral taxa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis of an inverse association between microbiota maturity and diversity and EED in rural Malawian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland,Correspondence: Emma Kortekangas, Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Global Health, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Arvo building, Tampere 33014, Finland. Tel: +358-3-355-111. Fax +358-3-213-4473. E-mail <>
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Chikondi Malamba-Banda
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrew Matchado
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi,Department of Nutrition and Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chilungamo Chingwanda
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Program in Health Services & Systems Research and Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition and Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33520, Finland
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13
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Adu-Afarwuah S, Arnold CD, Lartey A, Okronipa H, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Fan YM, Matchado A, Kortekangas E, Oaks BM, Jackson KH, Dewey KG. Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Increase Infants' Plasma Essential Fatty Acid Levels in Ghana and Malawi: A Secondary Outcome Analysis of the iLiNS-DYAD Randomized Trials. J Nutr 2022; 152:286-301. [PMID: 34543432 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small-quantity (SQ) lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) may influence infants' plasma fatty acid (FA) profiles, which could be associated with short- and long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of SQ-LNS consumption on infants' plasma FA profiles in Ghana and Malawi. METHODS Ghanaian (n = 1320) and Malawian (n = 1391) women ≤20 weeks pregnant were assigned to consume 60 mg iron and 400 μg folic acid daily until delivery [iron and folic acid (IFA) group], multiple-micronutrient supplements (MMNs) until 6 months postpartum (MMN group), or SQ-LNSs (∼7.8 linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid ratio) until 6 months postpartum (LNS group). LNS group infants received SQ-LNS from 6 to 18 months of age. We compared infant plasma FAs by intervention group in subsamples (n = 379 in Ghana; n = 442 in Malawi) at 6 and 18 months using ANOVA and Poisson regression models. Main outcomes were mean percentage compositions (%Cs; percentage of FAs by weight) of α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid (AA). RESULTS At 6 months, LNS infants had greater mean ± SD ALA %Cs in Ghana (0.23 ± 0.08; IFA, 0.21 ± 0.06; MMN, 0.21 ± 0.07; P = 0.034) and Malawi (0.42 ± 0.16; IFA, 0.38 ± 0.15; MMN, 0.38 ± 0.14; P = 0.034) and greater AA values in Ghana (6.25 ± 1.24; IFA, 6.12 ± 1.13; MMN, 5.89 ± 1.24; P = 0.049). At 18 months, LNS infants had a tendency towards greater ALA (0.32 ± 0.16; IFA, 0.24 ± 0.08; MMN, 0.24 ± 0.10; P = 0.06) and LA (27.8 ± 3.6; IFA, 26.9 ± 2.9; MMN, 27.0 ± 3.1; P = 0.06) in Ghana, and greater ALA (0.45 ± 0.18; IFA, 0.39 ± 0.18; MMN, 0.39 ± 0.18; P < 0.001) and LA (29.7 ± 3.5; IFA, 28.7 ± 3.3; MMN, 28.6 ± 3.4; P = 0.011) in Malawi. The prevalence of ALA below the population-specific 10th percentile was lower in the LNS group compared to the MMN group, but not the IFA group. Groups did not differ significantly in plasma EPA or DHA levels. CONCLUSIONS SQ-LNS increased infants' plasma essential FA levels in Ghana and Malawi, which may have implications for health and developmental outcomes. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866 and NCT01239693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Harriet Okronipa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Department of Public Health, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrew Matchado
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Department of Public Health, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Brietta M Oaks
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Wang W, Jia Q, Fan YM, Li XD, Wang SB, Cheng L, Wang HG, Liang WL, Bian LZ, Tong XG. [Evaluation of papilledema and visual improvement in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension after venous sinus stenting]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:1012-1017. [PMID: 34839617 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210505-00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the improvement of papilledema and visual acuities in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) after venous sinus stenting. Methods: The clinical data of 8 IIH patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent venous sinus stenting between January 2013 and December 2016 at Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 6 females and 3 males,aged (32.9±14.4)years (range:19 to 57 years).The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was measured by optical coherence tomography. Fundus,visual acuity and visual field examination were performed before and after operation. If pressure gradient ≥10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) across the venous stenosis was indicated by intraoperative pressure measurement,the patient would be treated with venous sinus stenting. Intracranial pressure was measured by lumbar puncture 3 to 7 days after operation. RNFL thickness and eye examination were detected 6 months after surgery. CT venogram was used to observe the sinus venous conditions. Paired t test was used to compare the data before and after surgery. Results: All the 8 patients underwent venous sinus stenting successfully. The mean pressure gradient across the venous stenosis was reduced from (24±9.2) mmHg to (2.6±2.0) mmHg (t=8.02,P<0.01). Intracranial pressure decreased from preoperative (41.4±12.7) cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) to postoperative (12.9±3.3) cmH2O (t=7.08, P<0.01). The RNFL thickness decreased from (275.3±68.3)μm to (131.4±31.8)μm(t=5.80,P<0.05) 6 months after surgery and the baseline visual acuity was improved from(M(QR))0.24 (0.25) to 0.65 (0.23)(Z=-2.52,P<0.05).Papilledema was significantly improved in 6 patients,and no significant change in 2 patients. CT venogram indicated adjacent stent restenosis in 1 patient. Conclusion: Venous sinus stenting can effectively improve papilledema and visual acuity caused by IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China
| | - Q Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - Y M Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - X D Li
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - S B Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - H G Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - W L Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - L Z Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
| | - X G Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery,Tianjin Huanhu Hospital,Tianjin 300350,China
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15
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Wessells KR, Arnold CD, Stewart CP, Prado EL, Abbeddou S, Adu-Afarwuah S, Arnold BF, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Becquey E, Brown KH, Byrd KA, Campbell RK, Christian P, Fernald L, Fan YM, Galasso E, Hess SY, Huybregts L, Jorgensen JM, Kiprotich M, Kortekangas E, Lartey A, Le Port A, Leroy JL, Lin A, Maleta K, Matias SL, Mbuya M, Mridha MK, Mutasa K, Naser AM, Paul RR, Okronipa H, Ouédraogo JB, Pickering AJ, Rahman M, Schulze K, Smith LE, Weber AM, Zongrone A, Dewey KG. Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child anemia and micronutrient status: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:68S-94S. [PMID: 34590114 PMCID: PMC8560313 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) have been shown to reduce the prevalence of child anemia and iron deficiency, but effects on other micronutrients are less well known. Identifying subgroups who benefit most from SQ-LNSs could support improved program design. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify study-level and individual-level modifiers of the effect of SQ-LNSs on child hemoglobin (Hb), anemia, and inflammation-adjusted micronutrient status outcomes. METHODS We conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis of individual participant data from 13 randomized controlled trials of SQ-LNSs provided to children 6-24 mo of age (n = 15,946). We generated study-specific and subgroup estimates of SQ-LNSs compared with control, and pooled the estimates using fixed-effects models. We used random-effects meta-regression to examine potential study-level effect modifiers. RESULTS SQ-LNS provision decreased the prevalence of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) by 16% (relative reduction), iron deficiency (plasma ferritin < 12 µg/L) by 56%, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; Hb < 110 g/L and plasma ferritin <12 µg/L) by 64%. We observed positive effects of SQ-LNSs on hematological and iron status outcomes within all subgroups of the study- and individual-level effect modifiers, but effects were larger in certain subgroups. For example, effects of SQ-LNSs on anemia and iron status were greater in trials that provided SQ-LNSs for >12 mo and provided 9 (as opposed to <9) mg Fe/d, and among later-born (than among first-born) children. There was no effect of SQ-LNSs on plasma zinc or retinol, but there was a 7% increase in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and a 56% reduction in vitamin A deficiency (RBP < 0.70 µmol/L), with little evidence of effect modification by individual-level characteristics. CONCLUSIONS SQ-LNSs can substantially reduce the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency, and IDA among children across a range of individual, population, and study design characteristics. Policy-makers and program planners should consider SQ-LNSs within intervention packages to prevent anemia and iron deficiency.This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020156663.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine P Stewart
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Souheila Abbeddou
- Public Health Nutrition, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elodie Becquey
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Brown
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Helen Keller International, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rebecca K Campbell
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Parul Christian
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lia C H Fernald
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sonja Y Hess
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lieven Huybregts
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Josh M Jorgensen
- Nutrition Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Jef L Leroy
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Audrie Lin
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Susana L Matias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mduduzi N N Mbuya
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe,Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Malay K Mridha
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuda Mutasa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Abu M Naser
- International Center for Diarrheal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh,Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rina R Paul
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Harriet Okronipa
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mahbubur Rahman
- International Center for Diarrheal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kerry Schulze
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ann M Weber
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Mohanraj U, Jokinen M, Thapa RR, Paloniemi M, Vesikari T, Lappalainen M, Tarkka E, Nora-Krūkle Z, Vilmane A, Vettenranta K, Mangani C, Oikarinen S, Fan YM, Ashorn P, Väisänen E, Söderlund-Venermo M. Human Protoparvovirus DNA and IgG in Children and Adults with and without Respiratory or Gastrointestinal Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030483. [PMID: 33804173 PMCID: PMC7999311 DOI: 10.3390/v13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV) and cutavirus (CuV), have recently been discovered in diarrheal stool. BuV has been associated with diarrhea and CuV with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but there are hardly any data for TuV or CuV in stool or respiratory samples. Hence, using qPCR and IgG enzyme immunoassays, we analyzed 1072 stool, 316 respiratory and 445 serum or plasma samples from 1098 patients with and without gastroenteritis (GE) or respiratory-tract infections (RTI) from Finland, Latvia and Malawi. The overall CuV-DNA prevalences in stool samples ranged between 0-6.1% among our six patient cohorts. In Finland, CuV DNA was significantly more prevalent in GE patients above rather than below 60 years of age (5.1% vs 0.2%). CuV DNA was more prevalent in stools among Latvian and Malawian children compared with Finnish children. In 10/11 CuV DNA-positive adults and 4/6 CuV DNA-positive children with GE, no known causal pathogens were detected. Interestingly, for the first time, CuV DNA was observed in two nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with RTI and the rare TuV in diarrheal stools of two adults. Our results provide new insights on the occurrence of human protoparvoviruses in GE and RTI in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushanandini Mohanraj
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-469505437
| | - Maija Jokinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
| | - Rajita Rayamajhi Thapa
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
| | - Minna Paloniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | | | - Maija Lappalainen
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Eveliina Tarkka
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Zaiga Nora-Krūkle
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (Z.N.-K.); (A.V.)
| | - Anda Vilmane
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (Z.N.-K.); (A.V.)
| | | | - Charles Mangani
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi;
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | - Elina Väisänen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
| | - Maria Söderlund-Venermo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
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17
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Haskell MJ, Young R, Adu-Afaruwah S, Lartey A, Okronipa HET, Maleta K, Ashorn U, Jorgensen JM, Fan YM, Arnold CD, Allen LH, Ashorn P, Dewey KG. Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Do Not Affect Plasma or Milk Retinol Concentrations Among Malawian Mothers, or Plasma Retinol Concentrations among Young Malawian or Ghanaian Children in Two Randomized Trials. J Nutr 2021; 151:1029-1037. [PMID: 33561214 PMCID: PMC8030706 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is prevalent in preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) given to women during pregnancy and lactation and their children from 6 to 18 mo of age on women's plasma and milk retinol concentrations in Malawi, and children's plasma retinol concentration in Malawi and Ghana. METHODS Pregnant women (≤20 wk of gestation) were randomized to receive daily: 1) iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy only; 2) multiple micronutrients (MMN; 800 μg retinol equivalent (RE)/capsule), or 3) SQ-LNS (800 μg RE/20g) during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum. Children of mothers in the SQ-LNS group received SQ-LNS (400 μg RE/20 g) from 6 to 18 mo of age; children of mothers in the IFA and MMN groups received no supplement. Plasma retinol was measured in mothers at ≤20 and 36 wk of gestation and 6 mo postpartum, and in children at 6 and 18 mo of age. Milk retinol was measured at 6 mo postpartum. VA status indicators were compared by group. RESULTS Among Malawian mothers, geometric mean (95% CI) plasma retinol concentrations at 36 wk of gestation and 6 mo postpartum were 0.97 μmol/L (0.94, 1.01 μmol/L) and 1.35 μmol/L (1.31, 1.39 μmol/L), respectively; geometric mean (95% CI) milk retinol concentration at 6 mo postpartum was 1.04 μmol/L (0.97, 1.13 μmol/L); results did not differ by intervention group. Geometric mean (95% CI) plasma retinol concentrations for Malawian children at 6 and 18 mo of age were 0.78 μmol/L (0.75, 0.81 μmol/L) and 0.81 μmol/L (0.78, 0.85 μmol/L), respectively, and for Ghanaian children they were 0.85 μmol/L (0.82, 0.88 μmol/L) and 0.88 μmol/L (0.85, 0.91 μmol/L), respectively; results did not differ by intervention group in either setting. CONCLUSIONS SQ-LNS had no effect on VA status of mothers or children, possibly because of low responsiveness of the VA status indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Young
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seth Adu-Afaruwah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Harriet Eyram Teiko Okronipa
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Public Health, Blantyre, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Josh M Jorgensen
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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18
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Maleta K, Fan YM, Luoma J, Ashorn U, Bendabenda J, Dewey KG, Hyöty H, Knip M, Kortekangas E, Lehto KM, Matchado A, Nkhoma M, Nurminen N, Parkkila S, Purmonen S, Veijola R, Oikarinen S, Ashorn P. Infections and systemic inflammation are associated with lower plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I among Malawian children. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:380-390. [PMID: 33381802 PMCID: PMC7851819 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the most important hormonal promoter of linear growth in infants and young children. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to compare plasma IGF-I concentration in a low- compared with a high-income country and characterize biological pathways leading to reduced IGF-I concentration in children in a low-income setting. METHODS We analyzed plasma IGF-I concentration from 716 Malawian and 80 Finnish children at 6-36 mo of age. In the Malawian children, we studied the association between IGF-I concentration and their environmental exposures; nutritional status; systemic and intestinal inflammation; malaria parasitemia and viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric infections; as well as growth at 18 mo of age. We then conducted a pathway analysis to identify direct and indirect associations between these predictors and IGF-I concentration. RESULTS The mean IGF-I concentrations were similar in Malawi and Finland among 6-mo-old infants. At age 18 mo, the mean ± SD concentration was almost double among the Finns compared with the Malawians [24.2 ± 11.3 compared with 12.5 ± 7.7 ng/mL, age- and sex-adjusted difference in mean (95% CI): 11.8 (9.9, 13.7) ng/mL; P < 0.01]. Among 18-mo-old Malawians, plasma IGF-I concentration was inversely associated with systemic inflammation, malaria parasitemia, and intestinal Shigella, Campylobacter, and enterovirus infection and positively associated with the children's weight-for-length z score (WLZ), female sex, maternal height, mother's education, and dry season. Seasonally, mean plasma IGF-I concentration was highest in June and July and lowest in December and January, coinciding with changes in children's length gain and preceded by ∼2 mo by the changes in their WLZ. CONCLUSIONS The mean plasma IGF-I concentrations are similar in Malawi and Finland among 6-mo-old infants. Thereafter, mean concentrations rise markedly in Finland but not in Malawi. Systemic inflammation and clinically nonapparent infections are strongly associated with lower plasma IGF-I concentrations in Malawi through direct and indirect pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Luoma
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaden Bendabenda
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Paediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrew Matchado
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Minyanga Nkhoma
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Purmonen
- Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Paediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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19
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Hughes RL, Arnold CD, Young RR, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Fan YM, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Malamba-Banda C, Kable ME, Dewey KG. Infant gut microbiota characteristics generally do not modify effects of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on growth or inflammation: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malawi. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14861. [PMID: 32908192 PMCID: PMC7481312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An unhealthy gut microbial community may act as a barrier to improvement in growth and health outcomes in response to nutritional interventions. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the infant microbiota modified the effects of a randomized controlled trial of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) in Malawi on growth and inflammation at 12 and 18 months, respectively. We characterized baseline microbiota composition of fecal samples at 6 months of age (n = 506, prior to infant supplementation, which extended to 18 months) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region. Features of the gut microbiota previously identified as being involved in fatty acid or micronutrient metabolism or in outcomes relating to growth and inflammation, especially in children, were investigated. Prior to correction for multiple hypothesis testing, the effects of LNS on growth appeared to be modified by Clostridium (p-for-interaction = 0.02), Ruminococcus (p-for-interaction = 0.007), and Firmicutes (p-for-interaction = 0.04) and effects on inflammation appeared to be modified by Faecalibacterium (p-for-interaction = 0.03) and Streptococcus (p-for-interaction = 0.004). However, after correction for multiple hypothesis testing these findings were not statistically significant, suggesting that the gut microbiota did not alter the effect of LNS on infant growth and inflammation in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca R Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ken Maleta
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chikondi Malamba-Banda
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mary E Kable
- Immunity and Disease Prevention, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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20
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Fan YM, Di P, Jiang X, Luo J, Zhang Y, Lin Y. [Immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous and potential edentulous jaws with implant-supported full-arch prostheses: a retrospective analysis of 225 cases]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 55:555-564. [PMID: 32842347 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200123-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous and potential edentulous jaws with implant-supported full-arch prostheses and analyse the risk factors of the complications. Methods: This retrospective study included 273 patients treated with immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous and potential edentulous jaws with implant-supported full-arch prostheses from April 2008 to December 2018 in Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The patients' sex, age, place of residence, jaw position, opposing dentition, number of implants, diameter and length of implants, abutment height and abutment angle were recorded. The survival rate of implants and marginal bone loss were calculated and analyzed. Cox proportional hazards ratio model was adopted to analyze the potential risk factors of prosthetic complications. Results: A total of 225 patients (288 jaws) and 1 260 implants were included, with 126 males and 99 females, aged (57.3±11.0) years, with a following time of (5.04±3.08) years. The 1-year cumulative survival rate of implants was 98.0% (1 235/1 260). Forty-eight implants were lost during the follow-up, with 39 implants in the maxillae and 9 implants in the mandible. The risk of implant failure of the maxillae [7.2% (39/541)] is significantly higher than that of the mandible [1.3% (9/719)] (P<0.01). Average marginal bone loss at 1 and 5 years was (0.7±0.2) mm and (1.1±0.3) mm. One hundred and twenty patients experienced prosthetic complications including screw/abutment loosening (44 cases), screw/abutment fracture (2 cases) and artificial tooth/denture base fracture (99 cases). The possibility of immediate prosthesis fracture within 6-8 months was high but declined over the following years with the final prosthesis delivered. Cox regression analysis showed that the use of 17° abutments in the anterior region was significantly related to the prosthetic complications (hazard ratio=1.797, P=0.002). Conclusions: Immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous jaws with implant-supported full-arch prostheses can be a predictable technique. The immediate prosthetic mechanical complication prevalence was high. The use of 17° abutments in the anterior region may increase the risk of screw/abutment loosening. It is necessary to review in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fan
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - P Di
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - X Jiang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Luo
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Liu JY, Li H, Liu Y, Shi CH, Liang ZL, Wang LH, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Fan YM, Wu B, Yu YZ. [Study on the effect and mechanism of hepatitis B virus X protein transactivates gene 4 in HepG2 cell apoptosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 27:693-697. [PMID: 31594094 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of XTP4 gene in apoptotic hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line. Methods: HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with small interfering RNA of XTP4 genes, plasmid pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-) A-XTP4, and hepatitis B virus X protein transactivated x gene 4 (HBX protein trans-activate gene4, XTP4) and their respective negative controls. After 48h, the overexpression and interference expression condition of XTP4 in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot. HepG2 cells apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins P53, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was calculated. The chemiluminescence assay was used to detect activity of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. The measured data were presented as (x ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results: HepG2 cells had successfully achieved the overexpression and interference expression of XTP4 protein. Compared with the control group, the overexpression of XTP4 in HepG2 cells had significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05), and increased Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05) ratio, but decreased the expression of P53 protein (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Caspase-3 and activity of caspase-3 was decreased (P < 0.05). However, interference with XTP4 expression in HepG2 cells had significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and decreased Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05) ratio, but increased the expression of P53 protein (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Caspase-3 and activity of caspase-3 was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: In HepG2 apoptosis XTP4 has inhibitory effect, and its effect on inhibiting HepG2 apoptosis may be achieved by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and the P53 protein may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Liu
- Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
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22
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Kamng'ona AW, Young R, Arnold CD, Kortekangas E, Patson N, Jorgensen JM, Prado EL, Chaima D, Malamba C, Ashorn U, Fan YM, Cheung YB, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Dewey KG. The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12893. [PMID: 31501455 PMCID: PMC6733848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that a more mature or diverse gut microbiota will be positively associated with infant growth and inversely associated with inflammation. We characterized gut microbiota from the stool samples of Malawian infants at 6 mo (n = 527), 12 mo (n = 632) and 18 mo (n = 629) of age. Microbiota diversity and maturity measurements were based on Shannon diversity index and microbiota for age Z-score (MAZ), respectively. Growth was calculated as change in Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) from 6 to 12 mo and 12 to 18 mo. Biomarkers of inflammation (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured at 6 and 18 mo. Multivariable models were used to assess the association of each independent variable with each outcome. Microbiota diversity and maturity were related to growth in weight from 6 to 12 mo, but not to growth in length or head circumference or to growth from 12 to 18 mo. Microbiota diversity and maturity may also be linked to inflammation, but findings were inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arox W Kamng'ona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - Rebecca Young
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noel Patson
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Josh M Jorgensen
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Chaima
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chikondi Malamba
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yin B Cheung
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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23
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Rajaofera MJN, Jin PF, Fan YM, Sun QQ, Huang WK, Wang WB, Shen HY, Zhang S, Lin CH, Liu WB, Zheng FC, Miao WG. Antifungal activity of the bioactive substance from Bacillus atrophaeus strain HAB-5 and its toxicity assessment on Danio rerio. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 147:153-161. [PMID: 29933986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of pathogen inhibitors bacteria has motivate the study for antimicrobial compounds. Bioactive fungicide have always received considerable attention. A bacterial isolated strain HAB-5 showed antifungal activity against plant fungi. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16SrDNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified to be a Bacillus atrophaeus. This strain possessed a broad spectrum antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. Extraction of antifungal substance was performed and the crude extract had potent antifungal ability and showed great potential for swelling and inhibiting spore germination. This antifungal displayed heat stability and active in a wide pH range 5.0-10.0. Moreover no reduction was found in its activity after enzyme treatment. The toxicity test was evaluated in Danio rerio. The acute toxicity test indicated that the 24, 48, 72, 96h LC50 values of UMTLS to the zebrafish were 14.4, 13.8, 13.4, and 12.9%, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, antifungal substance was not toxic to zebra. Analyses of disease suppression showed that HAB-5 was effective to reduce the incidence of anthracnose symptoms on mango fruits, also prevent disease infection and protect tobacco seedling from Phytophtora nicotianae. The bioactive substance from Bacillus atrophaeus HAB-5 could be a candidate in the generation of new antifungal agents in crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J N Rajaofera
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - P F Jin
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Y M Fan
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Q Q Sun
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - W K Huang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - W B Wang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - H Y Shen
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - S Zhang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - C H Lin
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - W B Liu
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - F C Zheng
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - W G Miao
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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24
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Jorgensen JM, Arnold C, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Cheung YB, Davis JCC, Fan YM, Goonatilleke E, Kortekangas E, Kumwenda C, Lebrilla CB, Maleta K, Totten SM, Wu LD, Dewey KG. Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements During Pregnancy and Lactation Did Not Affect Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bioactive Proteins in a Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2017; 147:1867-1874. [PMID: 28794206 PMCID: PMC5610548 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.252981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive proteins are beneficial to infant health. Recent evidence suggests that maternal nutrition may affect the amount of HMOs and proteins in breast milk; however, the effect of nutrient supplementation on HMOs and bioactive proteins has not yet been well studied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) affect milk bioactive protein and HMO concentrations at 6 mo postpartum in women in rural Malawi. These are secondary outcomes of a previously published randomized controlled trial. METHODS Women were randomly assigned to consume either an iron and folic acid capsule (IFA) daily from ≤20 wk gestation until delivery, followed by placebo daily from delivery to 6 mo postpartum, or a multiple micronutrient (MMN) capsule or LNS daily from ≤20 wk gestation to 6 mo postpartum. Breast milk concentrations of total HMOs, sialylated HMOs, fucosylated HMOs, lactoferrin, lactalbumin, lysozymes, antitrypsin, immunoglobulin A, and osteopontin were analyzed at 6 mo postpartum (n = 647). Between-group differences in concentrations and in proportions of women classified as having low concentrations were tested. RESULTS HMO and bioactive protein concentrations did not differ between groups (P > 0.10 for all comparisons). At 6 mo postpartum, the proportions of women with low HMOs or bioactive proteins were not different between groups except for osteopontin. A lower proportion of women in the IFA group had low osteopontin compared with the LNS group after adjusting for covariates (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION The study findings do not support the hypothesis that supplementation with an LNS or MMN capsule during pregnancy and postpartum would increase HMO or bioactive milk proteins at 6 mo postpartum among Malawian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland;,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - David Chaima
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; and,Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Emma Kortekangas
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chiza Kumwenda
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Chemistry, and,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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25
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Shi G, Li SJ, Wang TT, Cheng CM, Fan YM, Zhu KJ. The common CARD14 gene missense polymorphism rs11652075 (c.C2458T/p.Arg820Trp) is associated with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8357. [PMID: 27706581 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic evidence suggests a robust association of the CARD14 single nucleotide polymorphism rs11652075 (c.C2458T/p.Arg820Trp) and other rare mutations in this gene with psoriasis. To assess whether combined data support the relationship between CARD14 rs11652075 and susceptibility to this disease, we conducted a meta-analysis. PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant papers published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. A total of five published studies, including 32,807 psoriasis patients and 45,458 controls, met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR of the association between the minor allele of this polymorphism and psoriasis was 0.877 (95%CI = 0.834-0.922; P < 0.001). In a stratified analysis, pooled ORs relating to European and Asian ancestry were 0.883 (95%CI = 0.822-0.948) and 0.872 (95%CI = 0.812-0.936), respectively. Those calculated for studies with case sample sizes above and below 1000 were 0.912 (95%CI = 0.870- 0.956) and 0.824 (95%CI = 0.734-0.924), respectively. No publication bias was present, and the exclusion of any single dataset did not substantially alter the corresponding pooled ORs. Due to the limited data available regarding clinical classification of cases and genotypes, subgroup stratification by clinical type was not performed. Our results demonstrate a significant association between the CARD14 rs11652075 polymorphism and psoriasis.
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Blanton LV, Charbonneau MR, Salih T, Barratt MJ, Venkatesh S, Ilkaveya O, Subramanian S, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Jorgensen JM, Fan YM, Henrissat B, Leyn SA, Rodionov DA, Osterman AL, Maleta KM, Newgard CB, Ashorn P, Dewey KG, Gordon JI. Gut bacteria that prevent growth impairments transmitted by microbiota from malnourished children. Science 2016; 351:351/6275/aad3311. [PMID: 26912898 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Undernourished children exhibit impaired development of their gut microbiota. Transplanting microbiota from 6- and 18-month-old healthy or undernourished Malawian donors into young germ-free mice that were fed a Malawian diet revealed that immature microbiota from undernourished infants and children transmit impaired growth phenotypes. The representation of several age-discriminatory taxa in recipient animals correlated with lean body mass gain; liver, muscle, and brain metabolism; and bone morphology. Mice were cohoused shortly after receiving microbiota from healthy or severely stunted and underweight infants; age- and growth-discriminatory taxa from the microbiota of the former were able to invade that of the latter, which prevented growth impairments in recipient animals. Adding two invasive species, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium symbiosum, to the microbiota from undernourished donors also ameliorated growth and metabolic abnormalities in recipient animals. These results provide evidence that microbiota immaturity is causally related to undernutrition and reveal potential therapeutic targets and agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Blanton
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Mark R Charbonneau
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Tarek Salih
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Siddarth Venkatesh
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Olga Ilkaveya
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Centerand Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sathish Subramanian
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Mark J Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Josh M Jorgensen
- Department of Nutrition and Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Semen A Leyn
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia. Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth M Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Centerand Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33014, Finland. Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition and Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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Cheung YB, Xu Y, Mangani C, Fan YM, Dewey KG, Salminen SJ, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Gut microbiota in Malawian infants in a nutritional supplementation trial. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:283-90. [PMID: 26644222 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether two forms of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) or a micronutrient-fortified corn-soya blend were associated with development of the gut microbiota in Malawian infants, to assess the microbiota profiles at the age of 6 and 18 months and to follow the changes during the 12-month period. METHODS This was a substudy of a 4-arm randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Malawi. Infants at the age of 6 months were randomised to receive no supplement during the primary follow-up period (control), 54 g/day of micronutrient-fortified LNS with milk protein base (milk LNS), 54 g/day of micronutrient-fortified LNS with soya protein base (soya LNS), or 71 g/day of micronutrient-fortified corn-soya blend for 12 months. Stool samples were collected at baseline (6 months) and end of trial (18 months). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to multiplex sequencing. RESULTS A total of 213 infants had paired microbiota data at 6 and 18 months of age. The Dirichlet-multinomial test showed no significant difference in microbiota profile between the four intervention groups at either age (each P > 0.10). Bifidobacterium longum was most abundant at both ages. Lactobacillus ruminis, Shigella and Salmonella were present. The abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium increased with age (each P < 0.001), while Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae exhibited significant decrease (each P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nutritional supplementation by LNS or corn-soya blend for twelve months did not affect the gut microbiota profile in the rural Malawian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Bun Cheung
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Xu
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Mangani
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Chandrasiri UP, Fowkes FJI, Richards JS, Langer C, Fan YM, Taylor SM, Beeson JG, Dewey KG, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Rogerson SJ. The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on anti-malarial antibodies in pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial. Malar J 2015; 14:193. [PMID: 25957793 PMCID: PMC4438573 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria and undernutrition frequently coexist, especially in pregnant women and young children. Nutrient supplementation of these vulnerable groups might reduce their susceptibility to malaria by improving immunity. Methods Antibody immunity to antigens expressed by a placental-binding parasite isolate, a non-placental binding parasite isolate, merozoites and schizonts at enrolment (before 20 gestation weeks) and at 36 gestation weeks were measured in 1,009 Malawian pregnant women receiving a daily lipid-based nutrient supplement, multiple micronutrients or iron and folic acid, who were participants in a randomized clinical trial assessing the effects of nutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and child development(registration ID: NCT01239693). Results Antibodies to placental-binding isolates significantly increased while antibodies to most merozoite antigens declined over pregnancy. Overall, after adjustment for covariates, the type of supplementation did not influence antibody levels at 36 gestation weeks or the rate of change in antibody levels from enrolment to 36 weeks. A negative association between maternal body mass index and opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding antigens (coefficient (95% CI) -1.04 (−1.84, −0.24), was observed. Similarly, women with higher socioeconomic status had significantly lower IgG and opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding antigens. Neither of these associations was significantly influenced by the supplementation type. Conclusions In the current cohort nutrient supplementation did not affect anti-malarial antibody responses, but poor and undernourished mothers should be a priority group in future trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0707-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upeksha P Chandrasiri
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Preventive Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jack S Richards
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Christine Langer
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Steve M Taylor
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. .,Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - James G Beeson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Nurminen N, Juuti R, Oikarinen S, Fan YM, Lehto KM, Mangani C, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Hyöty H. High-throughput multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species detection in stool samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:1222-6. [PMID: 25918202 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species belong to a complex group of pathogens that cause diseases hampering development and socioeconomic improvements in the developing countries. Both pathogens are recognized as significant causes of diarrhea and nutritional disorders. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of parasitic infections, especially asymptomatic infections in malnutrition and stunting. We developed a high-throughput multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for G. lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. detection in stool samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were ensured by analyzing confirmed positive samples acquired from diagnostics laboratories and participating in an external quality control round. Its capability to detect asymptomatic G. lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. infections was confirmed by analyzing stool samples collected from 44 asymptomatic 6-month-old infants living in an endemic region in Malawi. Of these, five samples were found to be positive for G. lamblia and two for Cryptosporidium spp. In conclusion, the developed method is suitable for large-scale studies evaluating the occurrence of G. lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. in endemic regions and for clinical diagnostics of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Nurminen
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rosa Juuti
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Charles Mangani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Department for International Health, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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30
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Zhu KJ, Zhu CY, Zhou Y, Fan YM. Case report. Novel and recurrent COL7A1 mutations in Chinese patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:7587-92. [PMID: 25222259 DOI: 10.4238/2014.september.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (DEB-Pr) is a rare subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). This disease is characterized by severe itching, lichenoid nodules or prurigo-like lesions, and linear scarring with a predilection for the extensor limbs. Pathogenic mutations in the type VII collagen alpha 1 (COL7A1) gene have been identified. We analyzed mutations in the COL7A1 gene in a Chinese family including 5 affected individuals with typical DEB-Pr and in a patient previously reported with sporadic DEB-Pr. The entire coding region and exon-intron boundaries of COL7A1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. We identified one novel heterozygote mutation (c.6842G>T, p.G2281V) and a second mutation (c.5443G>A, p.G1815R) reported previously in patients with DEB. Our findings contribute to the COL7A1 mutation database and further reveal the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of DEB-Pr.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - C Y Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Y M Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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31
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Zhu CY, Zhu KJ, Zhou Y, Fan YM. A novel insertion mutation in the ADAR1 gene of a Chinese family with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:2858-62. [PMID: 24065641 DOI: 10.4238/2013.august.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is an autosomal dominant pigmentary genodermatosis, characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules that are mainly present on the dorsal portions of the extremities. The DSH locus was mapped to chromosome 1q11-q12 and, subsequently, pathogenic mutations in the double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) gene were identified. We performed a mutational analysis of the ADAR1 gene in a Chinese family that included three individuals affected with typical DSH phenotypes. Mutations within the entire coding region and the exon-intron boundaries of ADAR1 were detected and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, respectively. An insertion mutation within exon 12, c.3035_3036insC (p.P1012fsX1017), was identified in all family members affected by DSH, but not in the healthy members or 100 unrelated controls. This finding improves our understanding of the role of ADAR1 in DSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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32
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Okser S, Lehtimäki T, Elo LL, Mononen N, Peltonen N, Kähönen M, Juonala M, Fan YM, Hernesniemi JA, Laitinen T, Lyytikäinen LP, Rontu R, Eklund C, Hutri-Kähönen N, Taittonen L, Hurme M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Aittokallio T. Genetic variants and their interactions in the prediction of increased pre-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001146. [PMID: 20941391 PMCID: PMC2947986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contribution of genetic risk factors to the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis is poorly understood. It is likely that multiple variants are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, but the subtle genotypic and phenotypic differences are beyond the reach of the conventional case-control designs and the statistical significance testing procedures being used in most association studies. Our objective here was to investigate whether an alternative approach--in which common disorders are treated as quantitative phenotypes that are continuously distributed over a population--can reveal predictive insights into the early atherosclerosis, as assessed using ultrasound imaging-based quantitative measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Using our population-based follow-up study of atherosclerosis precursors as a basis for sampling subjects with gradually increasing IMT levels, we searched for such subsets of genetic variants and their interactions that are the most predictive of the various risk classes, rather than using exclusively those variants meeting a stringent level of statistical significance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive value of the variants, and cross-validation was used to assess how well the predictive models will generalize to other subsets of subjects. By means of our predictive modeling framework with machine learning-based SNP selection, we could improve the prediction of the extreme classes of atherosclerosis risk and progression over a 6-year period (average AUC 0.844 and 0.761), compared to that of using conventional cardiovascular risk factors alone (average AUC 0.741 and 0.629), or when combined with the statistically significant variants (average AUC 0.762 and 0.651). The predictive accuracy remained relatively high in an independent validation set of subjects (average decrease of 0.043). These results demonstrate that the modeling framework can utilize the "gray zone" of genetic variation in the classification of subjects with different degrees of risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Okser
- Biomathematics Research Group, Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Biomathematics Research Group, Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Data Mining and Modeling Group, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Peltonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi A. Hernesniemi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Rontu
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carita Eklund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Mikko Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S. A. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Biomathematics Research Group, Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Data Mining and Modeling Group, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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33
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Liu JM, Liu XL, Xu XQ, Wang J, Li CM, Wei HY, Yang SY, Zhu QS, Fan YM, Zhang XW, Wang ZG. Measurement of w-InN/h-BN Heterojunction Band Offsets by X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010; 5:1340-1343. [PMID: 20676206 PMCID: PMC2897041 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to measure the valence band offset (VBO) of the w-InN/h-BN heterojunction. We find that it is a type-II heterojunction with the VBO being -0.30 ± 0.09 eV and the corresponding conduction band offset (CBO) being 4.99 ± 0.09 eV. The accurate determination of VBO and CBO is important for designing the w-InN/h-BN-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Liu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - XL Liu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - XQ Xu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - CM Li
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - HY Wei
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - SY Yang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - QS Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - YM Fan
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - XW Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZG Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Chang DC, Lee JT, Lo CP, Fan YM, Huang KL, Kang BH, Hsieh HL, Chen SY. Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorates delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome of carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2010; 37:23-33. [PMID: 20369650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) is characterized by mental impairment, motor dysfunction, dementia, or psychosis that develops between a few days and weeks after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. One possible mechanism responsible for CO-mediated encephalopathy involves oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation, caused by the cellular uptake of CO and which leads to an inflammatory cascade. There is no current effective treatment for DNS. We applied 8-40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) to patients with DNS and evaluated its effectiveness. METHODS After admission, all patients were administered piracetam or bromocriptine, or both, and received HBO2. Neuropsychiatric tests included EEG, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), brain MRI, event-related potential (ERP), and brain perfusion scan (brain SPECT). Results of these tests were compared before and after HBO2, and the clinical features were monitored during this period. RESULTS The symptoms of DNS for all patients improved significantly after HBOT. Although white matter changes remained evident in the brain MRI scans, other examinations such as EEG, MMSE, ERP, and 99mTc-ECD brain SPECT were nearly normal after HBOT. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HBO2 decreases the severity of impairment in patients with DNS. Although a large randomized trial is required to address the efficacy of this therapy, therapeutic application of HBO2 may be recommended in patients with DNS after CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chu Shang Show Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Fan YM, Karhunen PJ, Levula M, Ilveskoski E, Mikkelsson J, Kajander OA, Järvinen O, Oksala N, Thusberg J, Vihinen M, Salenius JP, Kytömäki L, Soini JT, Laaksonen R, Lehtimäki T. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBF) 2 and SREBF cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in human atheroma and the association of their allelic variants with sudden cardiac death. Thromb J 2008; 6:17. [PMID: 19116028 PMCID: PMC2645360 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbed cellular cholesterol homeostasis may lead to accumulation of cholesterol in human atheroma plaques. Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is controlled by the sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF-2) and the SREBF cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). We investigated whole genome expression in a series of human atherosclerotic samples from different vascular territories and studied whether the non-synonymous coding variants in the interacting domains of two genes, SREBF-2 1784G>C (rs2228314) and SCAP 2386A>G, are related to the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and the risk of pre-hospital sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods Whole genome expression profiling was completed in twenty vascular samples from carotid, aortic and femoral atherosclerotic plaques and six control samples from internal mammary arteries. Three hundred sudden pre-hospital deaths of middle-aged (33–69 years) Caucasian Finnish men were subjected to detailed autopsy in the Helsinki Sudden Death Study. Coronary narrowing and areas of coronary wall covered with fatty streaks or fibrotic, calcified or complicated lesions were measured and related to the SREBF-2 and SCAP genotypes. Results Whole genome expression profiling showed a significant (p = 0.02) down-regulation of SREBF-2 in atherosclerotic carotid plaques (types IV-V), but not in the aorta or femoral arteries (p = NS for both), as compared with the histologically confirmed non-atherosclerotic tissues. In logistic regression analysis, a significant interaction between the SREBF-2 1784G>C and the SCAP 2386A>G genotype was observed on the risk of SCD (p = 0.046). Men with the SREBF-2 C allele and the SCAP G allele had a significantly increased risk of SCD (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.07–6.71), compared to SCAP AA homologous subjects carrying the SREBF-2 C allele. Furthermore, similar trends for having complicated lesions and for the occurrence of thrombosis were found, although the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion The results suggest that the allelic variants (SREBF-2 1784G>C and SCAP 2386A>G) in the cholesterol homeostasis regulating SREBF-SCAP pathway may contribute to SCD in early middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mei Fan
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Qu S, Zhang XW, Gao Y, You JB, Fan YM, Yin ZG, Chen NF. Composition deviation of arrays of FePt nanoparticles starting from poly(styrene)-poly(4-vinylpyridine) micelles. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:135704. [PMID: 19636158 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/13/135704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ordered arrays of FePt nanoparticles were prepared using a diblock polymer micellar method combined with plasma treatment. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analyses reveal that the molar ratios of Fe to Pt in metal-salt-loaded micelles deviate from those when metal precursors are added, and that the plasma treatment processes have little influence upon the compositions of the resulting FePt nanoparticles. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the maximum loadings of FeCl(3) and H(2)PtCl(6) inside poly(styrene)-poly(4-vinylpyridine) micelles are different. The composition deviation of FePt nanoparticles is attributed to the fact that one FeCl(3) molecule coordinates with a single 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) unit, while two neighboring and uncomplexed 4VP units are required for one H(2)PtCl(6) molecule. Additionally, we demonstrate that the center-to-center distances of the neighboring FePt nanoparticles can also be tuned by varying the drawing velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Nieminen T, Matinheikki J, Nenonen A, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Lindi V, Hämelahti P, Laaksonen R, Fan YM, Kähönen M, Fogelholm M, Lehtimäki T. The relationship of sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activation protein and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms with metabolic changes during weight reduction. Metabolism 2007; 56:876-80. [PMID: 17570245 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and apolipoprotein E (apo E) regulate cellular and plasma lipid metabolism. Therefore, variations in the corresponding genes might influence weight reduction and obesity-associated metabolic changes. We investigated the relationships of SCAP (Ile796Val) and apo E polymorphisms on metabolic changes during weight reduction by using a 12-week very low-energy diet. Body composition, serum lipids, plasma glucose, and insulin were assessed in 78 healthy premenopausal women (initial body mass index, 34 +/- 4 kg/m(2); age, 40 +/- 4 years) before and after the intervention. The SCAP genotype groups did not differ in the responses of any parameters measured during weight reduction. Apo E did not differentiate the weight loss, but the changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the genotype groups apo E epsilon2/3, epsilon3/3, as well as epsilon3/4 and epsilon4/4 combined were -0.94 +/- 0.56 and -0.59 +/- 0.32, -0.71 +/- 0.49 and -0.49 +/- 0.45, and -0.55 +/- 0.47 and -0.37 +/- 0.39 mmol/L, respectively (P < .05 for both). In conclusion, neither the SCAP Ile796Val nor the apo E polymorphism was associated with weight loss in obese premenopausal women. However, the apo E-but not SCAP genotype-seems to be one of the modifying factors for serum cholesterol concentrations during very low-energy diet in obese premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Medical School, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
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Fan YM, Lehtimäki T, Rontu R, Ilveskoski E, Goebeler S, Kajander O, Mikkelsson J, Viiri LE, Perola M, Karhunen PJ. The hepatic lipase gene C-480T polymorphism in the development of early coronary atherosclerosis: the Helsinki Sudden Death Study. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:472-7. [PMID: 17537154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T allele of the hepatic lipase (HL) C-480T polymorphism was previously found to be associated with lower post-heparin plasma HL activity, atherosclerosis and risk of coronary artery disease. We studied the association of HL C-480T polymorphism with the extent of atherosclerosis at vessel-wall level in an autopsy series of middle-aged men. MATERIALS AND METHODS An autopsy cohort of 700 Caucasian Finnish men aged 33-70 years (mean 53 years), which comprised two autopsy series, collected 10 years apart during 1981-82 and 1991-92, were analysed. Areas of coronary wall covered with fatty streaks and fibrotic and complicated lesions were measured using computer-assisted planimetry and related to HL C-480T genotypes (CC, CT, and TT). RESULTS There was a significant age-by-genotype interaction on the mean percentage area of fatty streaks (P = 0.01). The HL C-480T polymorphism was a significant explanatory factor for fatty streak area in men under 53 years of age with or without age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein E genotype, and series number as covariates. Men carrying the TT genotype had two times larger areas of fatty streaks compared to the CC carriers (8.8% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.009). However, this association disappeared in men over 53 years. The areas of more advanced atherosclerotic lesions did not vary significantly among the genotype groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HL C-480T polymorphism affects the formation of early coronary atherosclerotic lesions in men in their early middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fan
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland.
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Salminen M, Lehtimäki T, Fan YM, Vahlberg T, Kivelä SL. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and changes in serum lipids during a family-based counselling intervention. Public Health Nutr 2007; 9:859-65. [PMID: 17010251 DOI: 10.1017/phn2006972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare serum lipids and their changes during a family-based health education in children aged 6-17 years with or without the epsilon4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (apoE). DESIGN An intervention study. SETTING A family-based prevention of risk factors of coronary heart disease in Eastern Finland. The programme consisted of two counselling meetings at children's schools and three at children's homes. SUBJECTS Four hundred and thirty-nine children with a family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) participated in a family-based health education. The children were divided into two groups according to apoE genotype. The risk group consisted of 143 children having apoE epsilon4 allele (genotype epsilon3/4 or epsilon4/4) and the non-risk group of 296 children without apoE epsilon4 allele (epsilon2/3 or epsilon3/3). The final sample of the follow-up study included 354 (81%) children (114 and 240, respectively). RESULTS Baseline differences were found in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P=0.007) and LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (P=0.030) among boys and in total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C (P=0.008) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios (P=0.006) among girls. Differences between groups in changes during the follow-up were observed only for TC/HDL-C ratio (P-value adjusted for age=0.049) among boys. CONCLUSIONS At baseline, children with apoE epsilon4 allele had on average a more unfavourable lipid profile than those without apoE epsilon4 allele. However, the effect of about 33 months' family-based health education on plasma lipids did not depend on apoE genotype in children with a family history of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Salminen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Lemminkäisenkatu 1, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Fan YM, Laaksonen R, Janatuinen T, Vesalainen R, Laine H, Raitakari OT, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Rontu R, Lehtimäki T. The influence of hepatic lipase C-480T polymorphism on coronary flow reserve in young men is independent of the plasma cholesterol level. Atherosclerosis 2006; 188:391-7. [PMID: 16330034 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatic lipase (HL) gene C-480T promoter polymorphism affects gene transcription and enzyme activity and leads to CC, CT, and TT genotypes. Recently, HL expression was detected in macrophages. It has been postulated that HL might have a direct role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis without changes in the plasma profile. We hypothesized that the difference of plasma cholesterol level may not influence the effect of HL genotype on coronary reactivity. METHODS A total of 108 young men (aged 34+/-5 years) were genotyped and divided into three groups. These groups contained 45, 49 and 14 men having either normal (4.9+/-1.2 mmol/L), mildly (5.5+/-0.8 mmol/L) or severely (7.8+/-1.9 mmol/L, subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia) elevated mean plasma cholesterol level, respectively. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured at rest and during adenosine or dipyridamole-induced hyperemia with positron emission tomography using [(15)O] H(2)O. RESULTS The effect of HL genotype on the indices of MBF was parallel within all cholesterol groups and therefore they were combined. In all subjects, basal flow did not differ between the genotypes. However, men with CC genotype had a significantly higher hyperemic blood flow (3.86+/-1.26 mLg(-1)min(-1) versus 3.20+/-1.38 mLg(-1)min(-1), p=0.007), higher coronary flow reserve (CFR, 4.80+/-1.77 versus 3.77+/-1.43, p=0.001) and lower coronary resistance during hyperemia (25.63+/-9.98 mmHg min g mL(-1) versus 35.00+/-23.95 mmHg min g mL(-1), p=0.003) than T allele carriers. In multivariate regression analysis, after adjustment for age, body mass index, serum lipids, blood pressure, adenosine or dipyridamole administration, and study group, HL polymorphism was an independent predictor of blood flow during hyperemia (p=0.016), coronary resistance (p=0.014), and CFR (p=0.005), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HL C-480 T polymorphism is associated with CFR, which is an early indicator of atherosclerosis, independently of the level of plasma cholesterol in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mei Fan
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Medical School, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finn-Medi 2, 3rd Floor, P.O. Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland
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Fan YM, Dastidar P, Jokela H, Punnonen R, Lehtimäki T. Hepatic lipase C-480T genotype-dependent benefit from long-term hormone replacement therapy for atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:3786-92. [PMID: 15755868 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipase (HL) is a lipolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides and phospholipids in almost all major classes of lipoproteins. The HL gene has a functional promoter polymorphism at position -480, which affects transcription and leads to CC, CT, and TT genotypes. We investigated the effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the progression of atherosclerosis in a 5-yr follow-up observational study of 88 postmenopausal women with different HL genotypes (CC, n = 49; CT, n = 34; TT, n = 5). These women, aged 45-71 yr, were divided into three groups based on the use of HRT. The HRT-EVP group (n = 26) used sequential estradiol valerate (EV) plus progestin (levonorgestrel), the HRT-EV group used EV alone (n = 32), and the control group (n = 30) used no HRT. The HRT-EV and HRT-EVP groups started estrogen at menopause for estrogen-deficiency symptoms, whereas the control group took no estrogen due to either the absence of such symptoms or a dislike of estrogen therapy. In addition to serum lipid concentration and HL genotype, the atherosclerosis severity score (ASC) for the abdominal aorta and carotid arteries was determined by ultrasonography. There was a significant interaction between HRT therapy and HL genotypes on the increase in ASC (P = 0.046) after adjustment for age, body mass index, changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and baseline ASC. In subjects with the T allele, the progression of ASC was significantly faster in the control group than the HRT group (P = 0.0006), whereas in the CC genotype, there were no significant differences in ASC progression between the control and HRT groups. Our results suggest that the beneficial effect of HRT on atherosclerosis progression was restricted to women with the T allele, in whom the progression of ASC was slower by half. These results may help us understand in greater detail the benefits and possible risks associated with HRT in atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mei Fan
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, FinnMedi 2, 3rd Floor, P.O. Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland.
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Aittoniemi J, Fan YM, Laaksonen R, Janatuinen T, Vesalainen R, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Hulkkonen J, Hurme M, Lehtimäki T. The effect of mannan-binding lectin variant alleles on coronary artery reactivity in healthy young men. Int J Cardiol 2004; 97:317-8. [PMID: 15458704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2003] [Accepted: 06/09/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum acute-phase protein and a complement component secreted by the liver. Its deficiency caused by point mutations in the MBL gene has recently been associated with severe atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of MBL variant alleles on coronary artery reactivity, which is an early marker of coronary dysfunction and predicts the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The study population consisted of 51 apparently healthy, normo- or mildly hypercholesterolemic young men. Myocardial blood flow was measured at baseline and during adenosine-induced hyperemia with positron emission tomography (PET), and MBL genotyping was performed using restriction fragment-length polymorphism. As a result, MBL variant alleles had no effect on coronary artery reactivity. This finding suggests that MBL deficiency is not an independent risk factor for coronary dysfunction and early atherogenic changes but rather a co-factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, the connection of MBL variant alleles with environmental risk factors in atherosclerosis should further be assessed.
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Koivu TA, Uibu T, Roto P, Fan YM, Lehtinen S, Jokela H, Ehnholm C, Nikkari ST, Lehtimäki T. Apolipoprotein E and A-IV polymorphisms in ethnic Russians living in Estonia. Genetika 2004; 40:1293-1295. [PMID: 15559160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
137 Russians living in Estonia was screened by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting procedures to determine the distribution of genetic variations in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) genes. The apoA-IV-2 allele and epsilon4 allele frequency of the Russians tended to be lower than in most other European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Koivu
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland.
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Fan YM, Salonen JT, Koivu TA, Tuomainen TP, Nyyssönen K, Lakka TA, Salonen R, Seppänen K, Nikkari ST, Tahvanainen E, Lehtimäki T. Hepatic lipase C-480T polymorphism modifies the effect of HDL cholesterol on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in men: a prospective population based study. J Med Genet 2004; 41:e28. [PMID: 14985399 PMCID: PMC1735706 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fan YM, Xu LZ, Gao J, Wang Y, Tang XH, Zhao XN, Zhang ZX. Phytochemical and antiinflammatory studies on Terminalia catappa. Fitoterapia 2004; 75:253-60. [PMID: 15158981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antiinflammatory activity of Terminalia catappa leaves ethanolic extract was studied using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in acute and chronic models. A bioassay-oriented fractionation procedure showed that the activity concentrates in the chloroform fraction. Ursolic acid (1) and 2alpha,3beta,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), isolated from the chloroform fraction, exhibited strong antiinflammatory activities. The results suggest that the triterpenic acids 1 and 2 are responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of T. catappa leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Koivu TA, Fan YM, Mattila KM, Dastidar P, Jokela H, Nikkari ST, Kunnas T, Punnonen R, Lehtimäki T. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on atherosclerotic severity in relation to ESR1 genotype in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2003; 44:29-38. [PMID: 12568733 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The atheroprotective action of estrogen is mediated by estrogen receptors (ESR) 1 and 2, expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and ESR1 PvuII genotypes on atherosclerosis have not previously been studied prospectively in postmenopausal women. METHODS We investigated the effect of HRT on the progression of atherosclerosis in a 5-year follow-up study of 88 postmenopausal women aged 45-71 years at baseline allocated into three groups based on the use of HRT. The HRT-EVP group (n=26) used sequential estradiol valerate (EV) plus progestin (P), the HRT-EV group EV alone (n=32), and a control group (n=30) was without HRT. The atherosclerosis severity score (AS) of the abdominal aorta and carotid arteries were determined by sonography and the ESR1 PvuII genotypes (P/P, P/p and p/p) by PCR. RESULTS HRT, time and ESR1 PvuII genotype had a statistically significant or borderline significant main effect on AS during 5-year follow-up (P=0.004, P<0.001 and P=0.090, respectively), when analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. There was a significant genotype-by-treatment (HRT-EVP and control groups) interaction for AS (P=0.034). In response to HRT-EVP, subjects with P/P, compared with those with P/p and p/p genotypes, had a less increase in AS (1.61+/-1.14 vs. 1.71+/-1.27 vs. 2.43+/-1.27). Baseline AS as covariate in similar model does not change the significant interaction effect between HRT-EVP and control groups (P=0.036). But this effect was not found between HRT-EV and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the effect of HRT-EVP in postmenopausal women on progression of AS may be determined in part by the genotype of ESR1 PvuII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi A Koivu
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Axillary osmidrosis can be treated with many methods, but local surgery is the treatment of choice. METHODS Forty-three patients (32 females and 11 males, average age 20.3 years) were treated by partial removal of the skin and subcutaneous tissue en bloc and follicular clipping of the adjacent area. All operations were performed with local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. RESULTS Follow-up ranged from 2 to 47 months (mean: 13.4 months). Forty-one patients (95%) had good results, two (5%) were fair, and none were poor. No recurrences were seen. The wound complication rate was 3.5% for axillae and 7% for patients. There were no scar contractures or limitations of arm abduction. CONCLUSION This combined surgical method can eliminate malodor and has a low wound complication and recurrence rate. Though the transient and conspicuous scar is the chief drawback of this method, it is a simple, safe, effective and inexpensive method for treating axillary osmidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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Fan YM, Laaksonen R, Janatuinen T, Vesalainen R, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Lehtimäki T. Effects of pravastatin therapy on serum lipids and coronary reactivity are not associated with SREBP cleavage-activating protein polymorphism in healthy young men. Clin Genet 2001; 60:319-21. [PMID: 11683781 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cherng SC, Wang YF, Fan YM, Yang SP, Huang WS. Iliofemoral vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with a transient ischemic attack in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Nucl Med 2001; 26:84-5. [PMID: 11139072 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-200101000-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis, cerebral infarct, pulmonary infarct, skin ulcers, renal failure, and habitual abortion, are thought to be associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome. The authors describe a 32-year-old woman who had characteristics of the antiphospholipid syndrome including increased immunoglobulin G-cardiolipin antibody titers, iliofemoral vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, headache, visual disturbances, and habitual abortion. During hospitalization, she suddenly experienced right-sided weakness. A Tc-99m HMPAO brain scan showed the probability of a transient ischemic attack in the left frontotemporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Cherng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Fan YM, Xu MY, Wang LY, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yang H, Wang P, Cui P. The effect of edible black tree fungus (Auricuaria auricula) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:100-5. [PMID: 2505974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of edible black tree fungus (BFF) compared with aspirin on serum lipid level and experimental atherosclerosis and thrombosis in rabbits were studied. The results showed that total serum cholesterol and B-lipoprotein of the BTF group were significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) than the aspirin group and the group with neither BTF nor aspirin. There were less aortic atherosclerotic plaque and intramyocardial arterial lumen stenosis in the BTF group. The development of thrombus and platelet aggregation and thromboxane TXB2 level were inhibited both in the BTF and aspirin group (P less than 0.01). These findings indicate BTF may be used as a healthy food in preventing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but its mechanism requires further investigation.
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