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Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Family history of hypertension enhances age-dependent rise in blood pressure, a 15-year follow-up, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35366. [PMID: 37773803 PMCID: PMC10545328 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A family history (FH) of hypertension is known to predispose to high blood pressure. We wanted to study whether it associates with blood pressure and hypertension in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk 15-year longitudinal study. A 50-year-old Finnish cohort having hypertension and their controls was examined retrospectively. The groups were combined and stratified to 396 subjects with a positive FH of hypertension and 384 with a negative FH. A 15-year follow-up was done from their periodic health examinations at the ages of 35-, 40-, 45-, and 50 years. In follow-up from the age of 35 years, systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P < .001), and the annual increase of systolic blood pressure (P < .010) were higher in the group with positive FH, compared to the negative FH group. Positive FH associated with diagnosed hypertension by the age of 50 years (OR 3.52, P < .001). The FH groups were not associated with body mass index. Our findings show that the prevalence of hypertension at the age of 50 years was significantly higher in those with a positive FH of hypertension. Asking about FH can provide the clinician with a simple instrument for recognition of subjects at risk of hypertension for closer monitoring at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Piesanen J, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Hematocrit value at early middle age predicts hypertension at late middle age; the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study, a 30-year follow-up. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Piesanen J, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. The gene variant for desmin rs1058261 may protect against combined cancer and cardiovascular death, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31005. [PMID: 36221331 PMCID: PMC9542836 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin-containing intermediate filaments are a part of muscle cytoskeleton. We have previously reported that the wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype of a common Desmin synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (C > T) (rs1058261) associated with cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of subjects from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. We now examined whether rs1058261 also associates with early death by following the cohort of 801 subjects from the age of 50 up to the age of 65. Outcomes for death were collected from the National Statistics Centre. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and gene expression correlations for rs1058261 were done in silico. With follow-up, subjects with wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype had higher incidence of cancer deaths (odds ratio [OR] 5.27, confidence interval [CI] 1.160-23.946, P = .031), combined deaths from cardiovascular diseases or cancers (OR 3.92, CI 1.453-10.596, P = .007), and "hard" acute cardiovascular disease events (early myocardial infarction and/or death) (OR 3.90, CI 1.287-11.855, P = .016) compared to subjects with the T-allele. The in silico results of linkage disequilibrium and gene expression analyses showed negative gene expression sizes associated with rs1058261, which theoretically decreases desmin expression. Our findings suggest that variation rs1058261 in Desmin may serve as a surrogate marker for other variations involved in decrease of deaths from combined cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Piesanen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- * Correspondence: Seppo Nikkari, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland (e-mail: )
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Kunnas T, Määttä K, Nikkari ST. Variant rs6749447 (T > G) in the serine threonine kinase gene is associated with cardiovascular complications, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27566. [PMID: 34678896 PMCID: PMC8542165 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown an association of STK39 (serine threonine kinase) rs6749447 (T > G) with hypertension in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study in 50-year-old subjects. These 1196 subjects were followed up to the age of 65 years to determine whether rs6749447 is also associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), transient ischemic attack (TIA), or early cardiovascular death.DNA samples were collected by buccal swabs and genotypes were determined by PCR. Hypertension, TIA, and CAD were determined by questionnaire and the National Hospital Discharge Registry. Outcomes for death were collected from the National Statistics Centre. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and gene expression correlations for rs6749447 were done in silico.After following the subjects up to the age of 60 years the rs6749447 G-allele still associated with hypertension (P = .009). The variation did not associate with CAD (P = .959). The risk for TIA was 5.2-fold among G-allele carriers compared to TT genotype even after adjusting for body mass index (P = .036, 95% CI 1.11-24.59). After follow-up of the subjects to the age of 65 years, adjusting for body mass index, the G-allele was associated with 3.2-fold risk of premature cardiovascular death (P = .049, 95% CI 1.00-10.01).In conclusion, the STK39 genetic variant rs6749447 was significantly associated with TIA and premature cardiovascular death in a Finnish cohort. The in silico results of linkage disequilibrium and gene expression analyses also showed associations that were distinct from the retention of salt effect on kidneys proposed earlier for this intronic variation.
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Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Positive Association of the JAG1 rs1327235 Genotype with Coronary Artery Disease in Men, the Tampere Adult Population Cardiovascular Risk Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:681-684. [PMID: 32721243 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The intronic single nucleotide polymorphism rs1327235 (A>G) close to the JAG gene has been implicated to be involved in blood pressure physiology in a genome-wide association study. We wanted to study whether it was associated with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Materials and Methods: We analyzed a Finnish periodic health examination cohort of 191 men with diagnosed hypertension and 295 controls. Samples were genotyped for the JAG1 rs1327235 polymorphism using Competitive Allelic Specific PCR (KASP). The incidence of CAD was determined by self-report and the National Hospital Discharge Registry (HILMO). Results: There was no association between the JAG1 rs1327235 genotypes with hypertension at the age of 50 years. However, when the subjects were followed to the age of 60 years, those with the genotype GG had a higher prevalence of CAD (17.9%), compared with the A-allele (9.7%) (p = 0.036). When prevalence of CAD was adjusted by body mass index and total cholesterol, the OR for GG genotype was 2.19 (p = 0.029, confidence interval 1.084 - 4.429) compared with A-allele carriers. In addition, the GG genotype was associated with higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol values, compared with the A-allele. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the variations in JAG1 rs1327235 may be involved in CAD and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Association of the Collagen Type IV Alpha 1 Chain Gene rs3783107 GG Genotype with Hypertension, Asthma, and Eczema: The Tampere Adult Population Cardiovascular Risk Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 24:6-9. [PMID: 31815553 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Basement membranes (BMs) provide structural support to tissues, and also offer functional input to modulate cellular function. Type IV collagen is the most abundant protein in BMs. The collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) gene variant rs3783107 G > A has previously been associated with intracranial aneurysms. We examined this polymorphism's association with cerebrovascular events in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study, and also evaluated its association with hypertension, asthma, and long-term eczema in this population. Materials and Methods: A Finnish periodic health examination (PHE) cohort of 331 subjects with diagnosed hypertension and 440 normotensive controls was analyzed. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs. Genotyping was performed using KASP (competitive allelic-specific amplification). Prevalence of hypertension, asthma, or long-term eczema was obtained from the PHE. The incidences of cerebrovascular diseases and transient cerebral ischemic attacks was obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Registry (HILMO). Results: Even after adjusting for body mass index class and gender, subjects with the rs3783107 major genotype GG had significantly more hypertension (OR [odds ratio] = 1.38, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.01-1.87, p = 0.043), asthma (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.25-6.19, p = 0.012), and eczema (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08-3.70, p = 0.027) than those with the A allele. Furthermore, subjects with the GG genotype had significantly higher systolic (p = 0.026) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.013) that those with the A allele. Variant rs3783107 did not significantly associate with cerebrovascular events. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are genotype-phenotype associations between the COL4A1 gene variant rs3783107 and hypertension, asthma, and eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Ojala B, Nygård CH, Huhtala H, Bohle P, Nikkari ST. A Cognitive Behavioural Intervention Programme to Improve Psychological Well-Being. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 16:ijerph16010080. [PMID: 30597940 PMCID: PMC6339130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial risk factors have increased in today's work environment, and they threaten work ability. Good workplace atmosphere, psychosocial support, the ability to cope with stress, and skills and knowledge are all connected to more successful coping. Faster changes in the work environment and an increased workload can lead to a chain of fatigue and illness. The aim of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioural intervention as an early rehabilitation strategy to improve employees' well-being, in intervention group N446 and in control group N116. The well-being measures used were the Bergen Burnout Inventory (BBI 15), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and depression and stress screening questions. Data were obtained by a self-report survey at baseline and at a nine-month follow-up. Differences were analysed within and between groups. The results suggest that cognitive behavioural intervention as an early rehabilitation programme will increase employees' well-being measured by BBI 15, UWES, and depression and stress screening questions. In the intervention group, the total BBI 15 score (p < 0.01) and each of the three subdimensions of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and sense of inadequacy) decreased at follow-up. Mental health issues are the commonest reasons for sick leave and early retirement. We need ways to prevent these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Ojala
- Faculty of Social Science, Health Unit, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
- Tullinkulma Occupational Health Unit, 33100 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Clas-Håkan Nygård
- Faculty of Social Science, Health Unit, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Science, Health Unit, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Philip Bohle
- Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 84 Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Tullinkulma Occupational Health Unit, 33100 Tampere, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland.
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Kunnas T, Piesanen J, Nikkari ST. Association of a Chromosome Locus 9p21.3 CDKN2B-AS1 Variant rs4977574 with Hypertension: The TAMRISK Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:327-330. [PMID: 29791233 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chromosome locus 9p21.3 CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) has been found to contain multiple genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Of these, the association of variants rs4977574, rs10757274, and rs2383206 with hypertension was studied in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). MATERIALS AND METHODS A Finnish cohort of 336 subjects diagnosed with hypertension and 444 controls was analyzed. Samples were genotyped for the CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) or TaqMan techniques. RESULTS Individuals with the minor genotype GG of rs4977574 had less hypertension compared to the other genotypes (p = 0.048, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.48). The variants rs2383206 and rs10757274 were not associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the GG genotype of the CDKN2B-AS1 gene variant rs4977574, which has been previously associated with an increased CAD risk, is also associated with a decreased susceptibility to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Piesanen
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
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Piesanen J, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Association of Desmin Gene Variant rs1058261 with Cardiovascular Disease, the TAMRISK Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:574-576. [PMID: 30096250 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Since desmin expression is diminished in vascular smooth muscle cells during reparative processes, we wanted to study whether a common intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide position 828 (rs1058261) of the DES gene associates with hypertension, cerebrovascular complications, and all cardiovascular events in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk (TAMRISK) study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Finnish periodic health examination cohort of 336 subjects with diagnosed hypertension and 473 controls were analyzed. Samples were genotyped for polymorphism using TaqMan techniques. Prevalence of ischemic heart diseases, incidence of cerebrovascular diseases, and transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIAs) were obtained by self-report and the National Hospital Discharge Registry (HILMO). RESULTS There was no association of any of the rs1058261 genotypes with hypertension at the age of 50. When the subjects were followed to the age of 60, after adjustment for gender and body mass index, subjects with the genotype CC had higher incidence of cerebrovascular events (cerebrovascular diseases and TIA) (4.1%) compared with the T allele (1.6%) (p = 0.046). In addition, those with CC genotype had a higher incidence of all combined cardiovascular events (12.8%) compared with subjects with the T allele (8.5%) (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variations in the DES gene may be involved in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Piesanen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas T, Solakivi T, Nikkari ST. Association of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 rs11613352 and angiopoietin-like 3 rs2131925 with hypertension in men-the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:828-834. [PMID: 29989339 PMCID: PMC6160703 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the association of three known genome‐wide association study loci for blood lipids that have lead traits for triglycerides with hypertension in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Methods A Finnish cohort of 190 men with diagnosed hypertension and 279 controls were analyzed. Samples were genotyped for low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 (C>T), angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 (T>G), and fatty acid desaturase 1 rs174546 (C>T) polymorphisms using competitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction technique. Results At the age of 50, subjects with low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 (C>T) minor genotype TT had significantly more hypertension than those with the C allele (OR 5.17, CI 2.03–12.74, p < 0.001). Subjects with angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 (T>G) T allele had more hypertension than those with the minor genotype GG (OR 5.02, CI 1.40–17.98, p = 0.013). Fatty acid desaturase 1 rs174546 (C>T) did not associate with hypertension. Conclusion Association of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 and angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 with hypertension might imply a direct effect at the artery wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas T, Solakivi T, Nikkari ST. Gene polymorphisms of fibronectin rs2289202 and fibrillin 2 rs331069 associate with vascular disease, the TAMRISK study. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:65-68. [PMID: 29399340 PMCID: PMC5772491 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans interact with other extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and HS-binding regions are present in ECM proteins such as fibronectin and fibrillin. Because of their previously established role in susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms, the authors sought to determine whether polymorphisms of fibronectin (FN1, rs2289202) and fibrillin 2 (FBN2, rs331069) associate with selected cardiovascular risk factors and events in the TAMRISK study. A 50-year-old Finnish cohort of 810 subjects of whom 340 had diagnosed hypertension was analyzed. Samples were genotyped for FN1 rs2289202 and FBN2 rs331069 polymorphisms. Incidence of myocardial infarction (I21-I22), transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIA, G45) and cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) were followed up until the subjects were on the average 60 years old. Subjects with FN1 rs2289202 (G>A) minor genotype AA had significantly more cerebrovascular disease than those with the G allele [P<0.001, odds ratio (OR), 8.73; confidence index (CI), 2.79-27.31], although those with the A allele had lower body mass index (P=0.008). Subjects with fibrillin rs331069 (T>C) minor genotype CC had more atherothrombotic disease (P=0.012, OR, 3.16; CI, 1.29-7.71), as measured by combined myocardial infarction and TIA, than those with the T allele. The gene polymorphisms for fibronectin and fibrillin 2 appear to associate with vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere Medical School, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere Medical School, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere Medical School, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Piesanen JV, Nikkari ST, Kunnas TA. Genetic variation in bone morphogenetic proteins family members (BMPs 2 and 4) and hypertension risk in middle-aged men: The TAMRISK study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9362. [PMID: 29390526 PMCID: PMC5758228 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important regulators of iron metabolism affecting hepcidin expression. We have previously shown that 2 genetic polymorphisms in different genes (histocompatibility complex class I-like transmembrane protein, hemojuvelin) involved in the regulation of hepcidin expression pathways are associated with hypertension. In this study, we analyzed genetic variation sites in BMP2 (rs235756, rs235768) and BMP4 (rs4901474) to get more evidence linking iron metabolism to hypertension risk in the Finnish population.The study included 321 hypertensive cases and 463 controls from the Tampere Adult Population Cardiovascular Risk study cohort. Genotyping of polymorphisms was done by polymerase chain reaction using DNAs extracted from buccal swabs.We found that men carrying the GG genotype of BMP2 rs235756 (A>G) polymorphic site had a 4.09-fold risk (confidence interval [CI] 1.61-10.39, P = .003) for hypertension at the age of 50 years compared with A-allele carriers. The risk was significant in the age groups of 45 and 40 years as well. In addition, the 15-year follow-up period of the same individuals showed that carriers of the GG-genotype had also significantly higher readings of both systolic (P < .001) and diastolic (P = .01) blood pressure during the follow-up time. No significant association between BMP2 rs235768 (A>T) and hypertension was found. BMP4 polymorphic site rs4901474 (T>C) also had an effect on hypertension. CC genotype carriers had a 1.48-fold risk (CI 1.03-2.13, P = .033) for hypertension at the age of 50 years when compared with T-allele carriers.In conclusion, BMP2 polymorphic site rs235756 was associated with hypertension in Finnish men. An effect of BMP4 polymorphic site on hypertension was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko V.I. Piesanen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere
| | - Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja A. Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere
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Ojala B, Nygård CH, Huhtala H, Nikkari ST. Effects of a nine-month occupational intervention on health-related quality of life. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:452-458. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494817695912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vocationally outpatient oriented rehabilitation on an intervention group, compared with a control group that did not take part in the intervention. The groups were compared for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by the quantitative indicator RAND 36. Data were obtained by a self-report at baseline and at nine months follow-up. Differences between base-line and follow-up were analyzed within group and between the groups. The study population consisted of 751 municipal employees aged between 26 and 64 years; an intervention with 463 women and 115 men ( n = 578), and a control group with 138 women and 35 men ( n = 173). In this study we focused on those who had answered to all questions in RAND 36, thus 581 remained. Of these, 388 were in the intervention group (mean age 49.0 years) and 110 in the control group (mean age 48.4 years). Intervention was based on cognitive behavioral therapy. Participants in the 9-month outpatient intervention group showed statistically significant increase in all eight RAND 36 areas. Most improvement was seen in the psychosocial functioning index ( p = 0.002). Although there were no statistically significant changes in RAND 36 components in the control group, difference in changes between groups were seen in energy and fatigue ( p < 0.001), social functioning ( p = 0.032) and general health perceptions 0.027 in favor of the intervention group. The results suggest that a cognitive behavioral intervention as an early rehabilitation program is effective in increasing employees’ quality of life, as measured by RAND 36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Ojala
- Faculty of Social Sciences,University of Tampere, Finland
- Tullinkulma Occupational Health Unit, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences,University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T. Nikkari
- Tullinkulma Occupational Health Unit, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and FIMLAB Laboratories, University of Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
It is known that iron overload may lead to an increased risk for many diseases. According to GWAS studies, iron regulatory protein HFE gene variant H63D (rs1799945) was associated with hypertension, an observation which we were able to confirm also in our TAMRISK cohort. Thus, it is possible that abnormalities in iron homeostasis may predispose to hypertension. This prompted us to study whether there is an association between hypertension and another iron overload-associated gene, hemojuvelin (HJV), which has 2 common polymorphic sites (rs 16827043, rs7536827).The study included 336 hypertensive cases and 480 controls. All participants were 50- year-old Finnish men and women, and the data was collected from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). Genotypes were determined using Competitive Allelic Specific PCR (KASP).We found that the minor variant of the HJV polymorphic site rs16827043 (G-allele) is a statistically significant factor associated with hypertension among 50 year-old individuals compared with the AA genotype carriers (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.60, P = 0.03). The risk was even higher when overweight subjects (BMI>30) were excluded from the analyses. For the other polymorphic variant rs7536827, association with hypertension was found only among normal or slightly overweight A-allele carriers.In conclusion, HJV genetic variants were associated with essential hypertension in Finnish subjects from the TAMRISK cohort. Previous studies together with the present one indicate that individuals with possible dysregulation of iron metabolism may have higher risk for hypertension than those with normal iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni-Laura Visto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi M. Määttä
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja A. Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of the workforce poses new challenges for maintaining work ability. Because of limited information on the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation performed in traditional inpatient programs, extended interest in outpatient rehabilitation has risen in the past few years. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of a new outpatient rehabilitation program where every participant defined their own goals to improve work ability by the aid of a goal-oriented multi-professional team. This report will focus on the employees' physical capacity during a nine-month program. METHODS A total of 605 municipal employees from different production areas of the City of Tampere took part in the outpatient rehabilitation program, implemented by the occupational health unit. Groups of 12 employees participated in eight one-day sessions at intervals of two to three weeks; the final follow-up was 9 months from the beginning. Submaximal aerobic capacity was tested by a calibrated cycle ergometer with a commercial program (Aino Fitware pro, Helsinki, Finland). Musculoskeletal tests assessed muscle strength, balance and mobility. RESULTS During the 9-month follow-up of the rehabilitation program, the employees' physical capacity was improved. The follow-up test scores from a total of 329 employees were significantly higher in the submaximal aerobic capacity test (p < 0.001). Other tests were also improved, such as standing on one foot (p = 0.001), back side bending flexibility test (p < 0.001), dynamic sit up (p = 0.001), upper extremity right (p < 0.001), and knee bending (p = 0.029). About 40% of the participants did not have an adequate health situation to take part in physical capacity tests; however they took part in the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The new outpatient rehabilitation program organized by the occupational health unit had a positive influence on employees' physical capacity during a nine-month follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Ojala
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.,Tullinkulma Occupational Health Unit, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Tullinkulma Occupational Health Unit, Tampere, Finland.,School of Medicine and FIMLAB Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas T, Solakivi T, Määttä K, Nikkari ST. Glucuronic Acid Epimerase (GLCE) Variant rs3865014 (A>G) Is Associated with BMI, Blood Hemoglobin, Hypertension, and Cerebrovascular Events, the TAMRISK Study. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:332-335. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories; Tampere Finland
| | - Tiina Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories; Tampere Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories; Tampere Finland
| | - Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories; Tampere Finland
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Kunnas T, Solakivi T, Määttä K, Nikkari ST. Decorin Genotypes, Serum Glucose, Heart Rate, and Cerebrovascular Events: The Tampere Adult Population Cardiovascular Risk Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:416-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas T, Määttä K, Nikkari ST. Genetic Polymorphisms of Transcription Factor NRF2 and of its Host Gene Sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) are Associated with Cerebrovascular Disease in a Finnish Cohort, the TAMRISK Study. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:325-9. [PMID: 27226772 PMCID: PMC4879764 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. NRF2 is the primary transcriptional regulator of several antioxidant genes, including that of sulfiredoxin (SRXN1). The association of genotypes of NRF2 and SRXN1 with cardiovascular conditions was studied in a Finnish cohort of 336 subjects with diagnosed hypertension and 480 normotensive controls from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). Samples were genotyped for four SNPs (rs1962142, rs2706110, rs6721961 and rs6706649) in the NRF2 gene region and four SNPs (rs6053666, rs6116929, rs2008022, rs6085283) in the SRXN1 gene region using Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technique. Cardiovascular diseases were followed up from 2005 to 2014 using the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Registry (HILMO). Four out of eight studied polymorphisms: rs6721961, rs1962142, rs2706110 of NRF2, and rs6053666 of SRXN1 were associated with cerebrovascular disease. NRF2 polymorphism rs6721961 showed association with hypertension. NRF2 and SRXN1 polymorphisms, previously thought to be associated with human disease, appear to be associated particularly with cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Nikkari ST, Määttä KM, Kunnas TA. Functional Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Variants Associate With Hypertension: A Case-Control Study in a Finnish Population-The TAMRISK Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1958. [PMID: 26579803 PMCID: PMC4652812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and expression has been associated with hypertension, but less is known whether the 2 known functional polymorphic sites in the iNOS gene (g.-1026 C/A (rs2779249), g.2087 G/A (rs2297518)) affect susceptibility to hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the genetic variants of iNOS and diagnosed hypertension in a Finnish cohort.This study included 320 hypertensive cases and 439 healthy controls. All participants were 50-year-old men and women and the data were collected from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and iNOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed using KASP genotyping PCR. Data analysis was done by logistic regression.At the age of 50 years, the SNP rs2779249 (C/A) associated significantly with hypertension (P = 0.009); specifically, subjects carrying the A-allele had higher risk of hypertension compared to those carrying the CC genotype (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.08-2.01; P = 0.015). In addition, a 15-year follow-up period (35, 40, and 45 years) of the same individuals showed that carriers of the A-allele had more often hypertension in all of the studied age-groups. The highest risk for developing hypertension was obtained among 35-year-old subjects (odds ratio [OR] 3.83; confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-12.27; P = 0.024). Those carrying variant A had also significantly higher readings of both systolic (P = 0.047) and diastolic (P = 0.048) blood pressure during the follow-up. No significant associations between rs2297518 (G/A) variants alone and hypertension were found. However, haplotype analysis of rs2779249 and rs2297518 revealed that individuals having haplotype H3 which combines both A alleles (CA-GA, 19.7% of individuals) was more commonly found in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group (OR = 2.01; CI = 1.29-3.12; P = 0.002).In conclusion, there was a significant association between iNOS genetic variant (rs2779249) and hypertension in the genetically homogenous Finnish population. Those who carried the rare A-allele of the gene had higher risk for hypertension already at the age of 35 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo T Nikkari
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland (STN, KMM, TAK)
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Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Association of Zinc Finger, C3HC-Type Containing 1 (ZC3HC1) rs11556924 Genetic Variant With Hypertension in a Finnish Population, the TAMRISK Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1221. [PMID: 26266351 PMCID: PMC4616712 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent genome-wide association study, the zinc finger, C3HC-type containing 1 (ZC3HC1) polymorphism was strongly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) by an unknown mechanism. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is related with CAD through low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism. The association of both of the above genetic variants with hypertension was studied in a Finnish 50-year-old cohort.A total of 325 hypertensive cases and 444 nonhypertensive controls were obtained from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Samples were genotyped for ZC3HC1 rs11556924 and PCSK9 rs11206510 polymorphisms using Competitive Allele Specific PCR technique. A subpopulation that had available follow-up data from ages of 40, 45, and 50 years was also analyzed.ZC3HC1 rs11556924 (C > T) genotype CC was associated with hypertension compared with the T-allele carriers (P = 0.013). PCSK9 rs11206510 (T > C) genotype was not associated with hypertension. Its major TT-genotype was associated with higher total cholesterol (P = 0.044) and LDL (P = 0.029) compared with the C-allele.We report for the first time that ZC3HC1 rs11556924 was associated with essential hypertension in 50-year-old patients. Although PCSK9 rs11206510 was not associated with hypertension, our study confirms its association with serum cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, FimLab Laboratories, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Gutierrez P, O'Brien KD, Ferguson M, Nikkari ST, Alpers CE, Wight TN. Differences in the distribution of versican, decorin, and biglycan in atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 6:271-8. [PMID: 25989722 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-8807(97)00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of versican, biglycan, and decorin have been examined in segments of normal and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries using antibodies directed against the core proteins of these macromolecules. Versican immunostaining was prominent throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regions of the vessels that contained abundant smooth-muscle cells, such as in diffuse intimal thickenings, fibrous caps, and in zones of loose, myxoid connective tissue. Versican also was present in smooth-muscle-rich thrombi and at borders of the lipid-rich cores of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Biglycan immunostaining was observed in diffuse intimal thickenings, fibrous caps, and myxoid areas, but, unlike versican, it was abundant in the lipid-rich core of advanced plaques. However, biglycan immunostaining was absent in smooth-muscle cell-enriched thrombi. Decorin immunostaining paralleled biglycan immunostaining except that it was conspicuously absent in the myxoid areas of the plaque and markedly reduced in diffuse intimal thickenings. Both biglycan and decorin immunostaining were consistently associated with some of the microvessels in the thrombi and in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Taken together, these results indicate that specific proteoglycans distribute to topographically defined regions of normal and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries and that these different distributions may indicate a diversity of functions in normal and pathologic processes of the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gutierrez
- Coracao Institute, Hospital das Clinicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K D O'Brien
- Medicine (Cardiology), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - M Ferguson
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - S T Nikkari
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - C E Alpers
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - T N Wight
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
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Solakivi T, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Contribution of fatty acid transporter (CD36) genetic variant rs1761667 to body mass index, the TAMRISK study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2015; 75:254-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.1003596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Iron is essential for body homeostasis, but iron overload may lead to metabolic abnormalities and thus increase the risk for atherosclerosis and many other diseases. Major histocompatibility complex class I-like transmembrane protein (HFE) is involved in body iron metabolism. The gene coding for HFE has 3 well-known polymorphic sites of which H63D (rs1799945, C > G) has recently been associated with hypertension in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) study. In the present study, we wanted to clarify whether the genetic variant associates with hypertension in a Finnish cohort consisting of 50-year-old men and women. The study included 399 hypertensive cases and 751 controls from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK) cohort. Genotyping of polymorphisms was done by polymerase chain reaction using DNAs extracted from buccal swabs. We found that individuals with the mutated form of the H63D polymorphic site (G-allele) had a 1.4-fold risk (P = 0.037, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.89) for hypertension at the age of 50 years compared with the CC genotype carriers. When obese subjects (body mass index > 30 kg/m²) were analyzed in their own group, the risk for hypertension was even stronger (odds ratio 4.15, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.98-8.68). We also noticed that the blood pressure (BP) readings were higher in those with the minor G-allele when compared to ones having a normal genotype already at the age of 35 years. Means of systolic/diastolic BPs were 127/81 mm Hg for CC and 131/83 mm Hg for CG + GG groups (P < 0.001 for systolic and P = 0.005 for diastolic pressure). In conclusion, HFE genetic variant H63D was associated with essential hypertension in Finnish subjects from the TAMRISK cohort confirming a previous GWAS study. The effect of this SNP on BP was also confirmed from a longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M Määttä
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry (KMM, STN, TAK), University of Tampere Medical School; and Fimlab Laboratories (STN), Tampere, Finland
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Paassilta M, Kuusela E, Korppi M, Lemponen R, Kaila M, Nikkari ST. Food allergy in small children carries a risk of essential fatty acid deficiency, as detected by elevated serum mead acid proportion of total fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:180. [PMID: 25440954 PMCID: PMC4265504 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum Mead acid as a proportion of total fatty acids is an indirect marker of a deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the symptoms and nutrition of food-allergic children with elevated or normal serum Mead acid. METHODS Serum fatty acid compositions from 400 children were studied by clinical indications, mostly by suspicion of deficiency of EFA due to inadequate nutrition. A Mead acid level exceeding 0.21% (percentage of total fatty acids) was considered to be a specific sign of an insufficient EFA supply. From a total of 31 children with elevated Mead acid (MEADplus group), 23 (74%) had food allergy. The symptoms and dietary restrictions of this MEADplus group of food allergic children were compared to 54 age-and sex-matched controls with food allergy but normal Mead acid proportions (MEADminus group) before and 6 months after the serum fatty acid determination. RESULTS At the beginning of the 6-month follow-up, 44% of the food allergic children in both MEADplus and MEADminus groups were on an elimination diet. These diets did not differ between the two groups and we were not able to document an association between the severity of elimination diet and elevated Mead acid proportion. However, the MEADplus children were on average more symptomatic than MEADminus children. In the MEADplus group, food allergy presented with skin symptoms in 100% (vs. 70% in the MEADminus group, p < 0.001) and with vomiting or diarrhea in 70% (vs. 44% in the MEADminus group, p < 0.05). Clinical suspicion of malnutrition resulted in increase in the use of vegetable oil and milk-free margarine in both groups from <50% to 65-74% during the follow-up. After 6 months, 64% of the MEADplus children with food allergy had been sent to a control serum fatty acid analysis. Of these children, Mead acid had declined to normal level in 69%, and remained elevated in 31%. CONCLUSIONS Severe symptoms of food allergy combined with elimination diets in children may lead to insufficient nutrition presenting with elevated serum Mead acid. Adding of supplementary polyunsaturated fat to the diet should be considered in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Seppo T Nikkari
- University of Tampere School of Medicine and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A human syndecan-4 genetic variant (rs1981429) has previously been associated with lean tissue mass and intra-abdominal fat, and SNP rs4599 with resting energy expenditure in healthy early pubertal children. These variations could thus cause overweight and hypothetically lead to hypertension. Their association with body mass index and blood pressure was therefore studied in a Finnish cohort of adults. METHODS The data was collected from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). A total of 279 cases with hypertension and/or coronary artery disease (CAD), and 488 non-hypertensive healthy controls were selected from a Finnish periodic health examination 50-year-old cohort. Information was available also from their 45-year examination. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and human syndecan-4 gene SNPs were analyzed using KASP genotyping. RESULTS The SNP rs1981429 variant TT was significantly associated with hypertension, as compared to variants TG and GG at the age of 50 years (p=0.015). The variant TT was also associated with increased BMI at the ages of 45 and 50 years (p=0.008 and p=0.026, respectively). In addition, TT genotype associated with increased CAD prevalence (P=0.013). No significant associations between rs4599 variants and hypertension or BMI were found. In haplotype analysis the number of alleles T (rs1981429)/C (rs4599) was linearly associated with CAD prevalence; the highest prevalence (13%) was in haplotype TT/CC and lowest prevalence (1%) in haplotype GG/TT (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Syndecan-4 polymorphisms were associated with essential hypertension, BMI, and CAD prevalence in the TAMRISK study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere 33014, Finland.
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Määttä K, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. Contribution of SLC7A1 genetic variant to hypertension, the TAMRISK study. BMC Med Genet 2013; 14:69. [PMID: 23841815 PMCID: PMC3710090 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rs41318021 polymorphism in the SLC7A1 gene affects endothelial NO production through changes in L-arginine transport. This variation could thus hypothetically cause dysfunction of endothelium and lead to hypertension. The association of rs41318021 with hypertension was therefore studied in a Finnish cohort. METHODS A total of 412 hypertensive cases and 771 non-hypertensive controls from a Finnish 50-year-old cohort were included in this study. The data was collected from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and amplified using PCR. A subpopulation of men and women who had available follow-up data of blood pressure measurements at the age of 35-, 40-, 45- and 50 years was also analyzed. RESULTS There was no difference between the variant frequencies of the hypertension group and normotensive group at the age of 50 years (p = 0.209). However, repeated measures analysis from the 15-year follow-up showed that subjects having gene variants CT or TT had slightly higher diastolic blood pressure than subjects having genotype CC (p = 0.047). By post-hoc analysis, this was most pronounced at the age of 35 years (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION The rs41318021 polymorphism in the SLC7A1 gene was not associated with essential hypertension in 50-year-old subjects. However, a borderline effect of this variation upon diastolic blood pressure was seen in these same subjects in a 15-year follow-up from a 35-year-old cohort to 50 years of age.
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Lähteelä K, Kunnas T, Lyytikäinen LP, Mononen N, Taittonen L, Laitinen T, Kettunen J, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Nikkari ST. No association of nineteen COX-2 gene variants to preclinical markers of atherosclerosis The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. BMC Med Genet 2012; 13:32. [PMID: 22551325 PMCID: PMC3388005 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Backgroud The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) single nucleotide polymorphisms has mostly been studied in relation to advanced atherosclerosis, but little is known how they contribute to preclinical disease. In the present study we analyzed whether COX-2 gene variants associate independently with the early subclinical markers of atherosclerosis, carotid intima-media thickness and carotid artery distensibility in a population of young healthy Caucasian adults. Methods SNPs for association analysis were collected from the COX-2 gene and 5 kb up- and downstream of it. There were 19 SNPs available for analysis, four genotyped and fifteen imputed. Genotype data was available for 2442 individuals participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Genotype imputation was performed using MACH 1.0 and HapMap II CEU (release 22) samples as reference. Association analysis was performed using linear regression with an additive model. PLINK was used for true genotyped SNPs and ProbABEL for imputed genotype dosages. False discovery rate was used to take into account multiple testing bias. Results Two of the COX-2 variants (rs689470, rs689462) associated with distensibility (p = 0.005) under the linear regression additive model. After adjustment with gender, age, body mass index and smoking status, association between these SNPs and distensibility remained significant (p = 0.031). Subjects carrying the minor alleles had higher value of carotid artery distensibility compared to the major allele homozygotes. However, after correcting p-values for multiple testing bias using false discovery rate, association was lost. Another COX-2 variant rs4648261 associated with mean carotid intima-media thickness (p = 0.046) and maximal carotid intima-media thickness (p = 0.048) in the linear regression model. Subjects carrying the minor allele of rs4648261 had lower values of mean and maximal carotid intima-media thickness compared to subjects homozygote for major allele. After adjustments the associations were lost with both mean and maximal carotid intima-media thickness. Thus, no statistically significant associations of the studied COX-2 variants with carotid artery distensibility or carotid intima-media thickness were found. Conclusions Our results suggest that in a Finnish population, there are no significant associations between COX-2 variants and early atherosclerotic changes in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Lähteelä
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Rauhio A, Uusi-Rasi K, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST, Kannus P, Sievänen H. Estrogen receptor-1 genotype is associated with bone structure in premenopausal obese women. Maturitas 2011; 68:362-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kunnas T, Solakivi T, Renko J, Kalela A, Nikkari ST. Late-life coronary heart disease mortality of Finnish war veterans in the TAMRISK study, a 28-year follow-up. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:71. [PMID: 21284848 PMCID: PMC3038159 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wartime stress has been associated with increased late-life mortality of all causes of death. We evaluated whether wounded Finnish World War II veterans who were alive at the age of 55 have increased long-term coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. Methods Health survey data were recorded in 1980 from 667 men, aged 55 years. Of them 102 had been wounded or injured in action during 1939-1945. The remaining participants served as the comparison group. The death certificates during a 28-year follow-up were obtained from the national statistics centre. Statistical comparisons were done by Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results There were altogether 140 deaths from CHD. In men who had been wounded or injured in action the crude CHD mortality rate per 10,000 population was 2843, while in the comparison group the corresponding figure was 1961. Men who had been wounded or injured in action were 1.7 times (95% CI 1.1-2.5; p = 0.01) more likely to die from CHD than the comparison group. Conclusions Physical trauma at young adulthood may extend to lifelong effects on health. This study suggests that being physically wounded or injured in war may lead to increased CHD mortality in late adulthood in a Finnish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas T, Lahtio R, Kortelainen ML, Kalela A, Nikkari ST. Gln27Glu variant of Beta2-adrenoceptor gene affects male type fat accumulation in women. Lipids Health Dis 2009; 8:43. [PMID: 19832974 PMCID: PMC2768710 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The β2-adrenergic receptor (BAR2) is the main lipolytic receptor in white human adipose tissue. There is a functional glutamine 27 glutamic acid (Gln27Glu, rs 1042714) polymorphism in its gene, which has been variably associated with body mass index. This gene variant may be associated with male-type adiposity in women and thus increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether the BAR2 Gln27Glu polymorphism is associated with visceral fat and coronary intima thickness in women. Methods The amount of mesenteric and omental fat was directly measured and anthropometric measurements were done from 112 forensic autopsy cases of women aged 15 to 49 years. The thickness of the coronary intima, which reflects the severity of atherosclerosis, was measured by computerized image analysis. The BAR2 Gln27Glu polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results We found that the amount of visceral fat was significantly higher in women with the Glu allele (689 ± 555 g) compared to Gln/Gln homozygotes (481 ± 392 g, P = 0.023). The waist-hip ratio also tended to be higher in women with the Glu allele compared to Gln/Gln homozygotes (p = 0.050). There were no statistically significant differences between the genotype groups in BMI or the thickness of coronary intima. Conclusion The Glu allele of the BAR2 gene may be a risk factor for visceral fat accumulation in young to middle-aged women. However, this polymorphism was not associated with preclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland.
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Kunnas T, Solakivi T, Huuskonen K, Kalela A, Renko J, Nikkari ST. Hematocrit and the risk of coronary heart disease mortality in the TAMRISK study, a 28-year follow-up. Prev Med 2009; 49:45-7. [PMID: 19409924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether hematocrit (HCT) is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in men over 55 years of age in Finland. METHODS Health survey data were recorded in 1980 from 670 men, aged 55 years. The causes of deaths during a 28-year follow-up were obtained from official records. Statistical comparisons were done by Cox proportional hazard regression model after dividing the men into two groups, one with HCT<50% and the other, HCT> or =50%. RESULTS There were altogether 412 deaths of all causes, including 140 from CHD. In men having HCT<50%, the crude CHD mortality rate per 10,000 population was 2203, while in men with HCT> or =50%, the corresponding figure was 4255. Men with HCT> or =50% were 2.4 times (95% CI 1.6-3.5) more likely to die from CHD than were men with HCT<50%. After adjusting for established coronary risk factors, the increased risk remained 1.8-fold (95 % CI, 1.1-2.7). CONCLUSIONS Borderline polycythemia was associated with increased CHD mortality. The cut-off value in our study was > or =50%, proposing that for men over 55 years of age such HCT levels might be an additional risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland
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Renko J, Kalela A, Jaakkola O, Laine S, Höyhtyä M, Alho H, Nikkari ST. Serum matrix metalloproteinase‐9 is elevated in men with a history of myocardial infarction. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 64:255-61. [PMID: 15222636 DOI: 10.1080/00365510410006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum inflammatory markers have been reported in coronary heart disease. Levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), C-reactive protein (CRP), C3-complement (C3) and autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in 120 male subjects with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) were compared with those in 250 age-matched controls, both groups from a large cross-sectional population survey, the FINRISK study. The concentrations of serum MMP-9 and autoantibodies against oxLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CRP and C3 by immunonephelometry. MMP-9, CRP and C3 concentrations were higher in the subjects with a history of MI than in the controls (p=0.037, p=0.004, and p=0.006, respectively). There was no difference between the groups in serum levels of autoantibodies against oxLDL. In other background characteristics, men in the MI group had higher body mass index (BMI) and serum triglyceride values and lower serum HDL cholesterol values compared to controls (p=0.009, p=0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). When analyzed by stepwise multiple logistic regression using BMI, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, C3 and MMP-9 as independent variables, the significant predictors for MI were HDL cholesterol (p=0.002) and MMP-9 (p=0.015). These results suggest that increased serum MMP-9 may reflect inflammatory pathologic processes that are related to progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Renko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Leskinen MH, Solakivi T, Kunnas T, Alho H, Nikkari ST. Serum fatty acids in postinfarction middle‐aged men. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 65:485-90. [PMID: 16179281 DOI: 10.1080/00365510510025836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a multitude of data showing that coronary heart disease is affected by the quality of dietary fat. The fatty acid composition of serum lipids has been shown to reflect that of the diet. It is likely that, after myocardial infarction, both the health-care professionals and the patients themselves pay more attention to dietary guidelines. In order to assess the correctness of this assumption, we compared the composition of serum fatty acids in 40 male subjects with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) with that of 40 age-matched controls, both from the FINRISK study. The percentage composition of fatty acids of total serum lipids was analysed by gas chromatography. In comparison with the control group, the MI group had higher body mass index (BMI), a higher prevalence of diabetes, higher level of serum triglycerides and a lower level of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, all indicators of the metabolic syndrome. The MI group had higher proportions of serum palmitic (16:0) and oleic acids (18:1), and a lower proportion of linoleic (18:2 n-6) acid than the control group. The metabolic syndrome is accompanied by an elevated level of serum insulin, which is known to enhance the synthesis of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, such as 16:0 and 18:1, and to stimulate the activity delta-6 desaturase, decreasing the concentration of linoleic acid. Our results suggest that the observed serum fatty acid composition in subjects with coronary heart disease is dependent on metabolic factors in addition to dietary fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Leskinen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Solakivi T, Kunnas T, Kärkkäinen S, Jaakkola O, Nikkari ST. Arachidonic acid increases matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and expression in human monocytic MonoMac 6 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2009; 8:11. [PMID: 19331685 PMCID: PMC2667508 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fatty acids may modulate inflammation in macrophages of the atherosclerotic plaque, affecting its stability. The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA) generally promotes inflammation, while the PUFAs of the n-3 series eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are considered anti-inflammatory. We determined how these PUFAs influence MMP-9 expression and secretion by the human monocytic cell line (MonoMac 6) at baseline and after 24-hour exposure. MMP-9 protein was measured by zymography and relative levels of MMP-9 mRNA were determined using quantitative real time PCR. Results Supplementation with AA (but not the n-3 fatty acids) increased, in a dose-dependent manner, expression of MMP-9 protein. This stimulation was regulated at the mRNA level. MMP-9 secretion started after 1 h of incubation and could not be prevented by simultaneous presence of n-3 series fatty acids. Finally, the secretion could be attenuated by LY 294002, a specific phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor and by SH-5, a selective Akt inhibitor, suggesting that activation of PI3K by AA leads to augmented and sustained MMP-9 production. Conclusion This study shows that of the PUFA studied, AA alone influences the expression of MMP-9, which might have implications in MMP-9 induced plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Finland.
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Levula M, Airla N, Oksala N, Hernesniemi JA, Pelto-Huikko M, Salenius JP, Zeitlin R, Järvinen O, Huovila APJ, Nikkari ST, Jaakkola O, Ilveskoski E, Mikkelsson J, Perola M, Laaksonen R, Kytömäki L, Soini JT, Kähönen M, Parkkinen J, Karhunen PJ, Lehtimäki T. ADAM8 and its single nucleotide polymorphism 2662 T/G are associated with advanced atherosclerosis and fatal myocardial infarction: Tampere vascular study. Ann Med 2009; 41:497-507. [PMID: 19575316 DOI: 10.1080/07853890903025945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, we scanned all 23,000 human genes for differential expression between normal and atherosclerotic tissues and found the involvement of ADAM8. METHODS We investigated the expression of ADAM8 mRNA and protein level in human atherosclerotic tissues and non-atherosclerotic internal thoracic arteries as well as the association of ADAM8 2662 T/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis and with the risk of fatal myocardial infarction. RESULTS ADAM8 mRNA was up-regulated in carotid, aortic, and femoral atherosclerotic plaques (n=24) when compared with non-atherosclerotic arteries. ADAM8 protein expression was increased in advanced atherosclerotic plaques as compared to control vessels wherein it was localized to macrophages and smooth muscle cells The G allele carriers of the ADAM8 2662 T/G SNP had significantly larger areas of fibrotic, calcified, and complicated plaques in coronary arteries (P=0.027, P=0.011, and P=0.011, respectively) and significantly higher occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) (P=0.004) and fatal pre-hospital MI (P=0.003) than did the TT homozygotes. CONCLUSION ADAM8 is a promising candidate to be involved in atherosclerosis, and its 2662 T/G allelic variant significantly associates with advanced atherosclerotic lesion areas and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Levula
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland.
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Nikkari ST, Henttonen A, Kunnas T, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Marniemi J, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T. Estrogen Receptor 2 Polymorphism and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 12:537-40. [DOI: 10.1089/gte.2008.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seppo T. Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Henttonen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku Medical School, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Marniemi
- Department of Health and Functional Capacity, Population Research Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku Medical School, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku Medical School, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Mäyränpää MI, Trosien JA, Nikkari ST, Kovanen PT. Mast cells associate with T-cells and neointimal microvessels in giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:S63-S66. [PMID: 18799056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mast cells (MCs) are known to be involved in the neovascularization and regulation of T cell responses. However, the presence of MCs in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is unknown. This prompted us to study the presence and phenotype of MCs in GCA. METHODS Human GCA specimens collected for diagnostic purposes were examined with immunohistochemistry. Double immunostainings of MC tryptase with cathepsin G, vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), CD3, and CD31/D34 were performed. RESULTS Double immunostainings showed that activated tryptase-, cathepsin G- and VEGF-expressing MCs associate with CD3+ T cells and CD31/CD34+ neointimal neovessels in the GCA lesions. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that MCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of GCA putatively by regulating the functions of other inflammatory cells and resident vessel wall cells. Importantly, MCs promote neovascularization, which is considered as a prerequisite for the neointimal thickening in GCA.
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Henttonen AT, Kortelainen ML, Kunnas TA, Nikkari ST. Estrogen receptor-1 genotype is related to coronary intima thickness in young to middle-aged women. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2007; 67:380-6. [PMID: 17558892 DOI: 10.1080/00365510601085951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of coronary disease in premenopausal women is about one-half that in men of similar age. The estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1, c.454-397T>C) CC variant genotype is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and an increased risk of myocardial infarction in men. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this ESR1 CC variant also disposes to atherosclerosis in women in terms of increased total coronary artery intima thickness. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 125 forensic autopsy cases of women aged 15 to 49 years were investigated. The thickness of the coronary intima, which reflects the severity of atherosclerosis, was measured by computerized image analysis. The ESR1 c.454-397T>C genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The mean intima thicknesses in the three genotype groups were 428+/-298 microm (TT), 494+/-371 microm (CT) and 636+/-436 microm (CC). We found that, on average, women with the CC genotype had a thicker coronary intima compared with that of women with the TT genotype, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.030). The intermediate group (TC) did not significantly differ from either the CC or the TT genotype group in this respect. CONCLUSION Our results point to the importance of ESR1 genotype in relation to cardiovascular disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Henttonen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Wu X, Kuusisto H, Dastidar P, Huhtala H, Nikkari ST, Ukkonen M, Höyhtyä M, Elovaara I. Once-weekly 22microg subcutaneous IFN-beta-1a in secondary progressive MS: a 3-year follow-up study on brain MRI measurements and serum MMP-9 levels. Acta Neurol Scand 2007; 116:43-8. [PMID: 17587254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of weekly injected subcutaneous interferon (IFN)-beta-1a 22 microg on the extent of brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the level of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS All the 28 Finnish patients participating in the Nordic multicentre trial on the clinical efficacy of weekly IFN-beta-1a (Rebif) 22 microg in SPMS were studied neurologically and by volumetric MRI during a 3-year follow-up. The levels of MMP-9 in serum were measured over the 3-year study. RESULTS There was no obvious effect on the number of contrast medium-enhancing lesions, the volume of T1 or T2 lesions or level of serum MMP-9, nor was any effect detected on the relapse rate and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Brain atrophy progression was not affected by the treatment. CONCLUSION The lack of effect on MRI, clinical outcomes or the levels of MMP-9 indicates that subcutaneous administration of low-dose low-frequency IFN-beta-1a is insufficient in controlling either the inflammatory constitutes or the neurodegenerative changes of advanced SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Levula M, Jaakkola O, Luomala M, Nikkari ST, Lehtimäki T. Effects of oxidized low- and high-density lipoproteins on gene expression of human macrophages. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2006; 66:497-508. [PMID: 17000557 DOI: 10.1080/00365510600836651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a major factor in foam cell formation, whereas the role of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (ox-HDL) in this process is not known. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of ox-LDL and ox-HDL on the gene expression of cultured human macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gene expression of human macrophages was studied after incubation for 1 day and 3 days with native and oxidized LDL and HDL using cDNA expression array. Expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, which was constantly up-regulated by ox-LDL and down-regulated by ox-HDL after 1- and 3 days of incubation in cDNA microarray experiments, was verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Genes that showed altered expression were divided into six groups; 1) lipid metabolism, 2) inflammation, growth and hemostasis, 3) matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, 4) enzymes, 5) structural and binding proteins and 6) annexins. CONCLUSIONS The microarray method was found to be applicable in analyzing changes in gene expression induced by oxidized lipoproteins in cultured human macrophages. Our results reflect different functional roles of ox-LDL and ox-HDL in foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levula
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Kalela A, Jokela H, Lehtimäki T, Uppa H, Kunnas T, Teisala K, Punnonen R, Nikkari ST. Effect of the cessation of long-term hormone replacement therapy on plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibrinogen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 125:217-20. [PMID: 16337074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has generally been documented to reduce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen levels in plasma of postmenopausal women. We used a wash out protocol to study whether stopping long-term HRT with estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen-progestin have different effects on these markers of hemostasis. STUDY DESIGN Thirty healthy postmenopausal women on HRT participated. Fifteen had estradiol valerate, and 15 had estradiol valerate and levonorgestrel. Each was studied after long-term HRT (period 1), four weeks after cessation of the treatment (period 2, wash out), and three weeks after reintroducing the therapy (period 3). RESULTS In the estrogen group, PAI-1 increased by 18% during the wash out period (P=0.013) and decreased by 22% after reintroduction of therapy (P=0.001). In the combined therapy group, there was a trend of PAI-1 to increase by 18% when therapy was discontinued (P=0.17), and it decreased by 25% after reintroduction of hormone replacement therapy (P=0.036). Fibrinogen was initially lower in the estrogen group compared with the combined therapy group (p=0.014), and did not change during wash out. CONCLUSION This wash out study shows that cessation of long-term HRT unfavorably increases PAI-1, but appears to have no adverse effect on fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kalela
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, FIN-33014, Tampere, Finland
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Kalela A, Limnell V, Aittoniemi J, Virtanen V, Jaakkola O, Lehtimäki T, Nikkari ST. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and venous bypass graft occlusion. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2006; 66:7-14. [PMID: 16464782 DOI: 10.1080/00365510500402125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary results after coronary artery bypass grafting are good, but early clinical events as a result of graft occlusion are still a problem. Early occlusions are thought to be due to thrombosis or fibrointimal hyperplasia superimposed by thrombosis, but the etiology of these phenomena is not fully understood. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 has been suggested to have a role in graft occlusion ex vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated whether the level of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 reflects its proposed role in occlusion of vein grafts. The study population consisted of 30 men with a history of myocardial infarction and 31 men without myocardial infarction who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. All the men were asymptomatic. RESULTS Among the patients with no previous myocardial infarction, serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level was significantly higher in those with graft occlusion than in those without occlusion (54.0+/-11.0 microg/L and 41.7+/-10.4 microg/L, respectively, p = 0.006), and it correlated positively with the number of occluded grafts (R = 0.55, p = 0.001). In the patients with myocardial infarction, this effect was not detected. CONCLUSIONS Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 reflected the occurrence of vein graft occlusion in subjects with no previous history of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalela
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Jokela H, Kalela A, Lilja M, Salmi M, Lehtimäki T, Kunnas T, Teisala K, Punnonen R, Nikkari ST. Sequentially combined estradiol valerate plus levonorgestrel therapy decreases 18:1 trans-fatty acid content of plasma lipids in healthy postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21:360-5. [PMID: 16390785 DOI: 10.1080/09513590500467361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-fatty acids (TFA) have been classified as atherogenic dietary constituents but the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on their concentrations is not known. We used a washout protocol to study the effect of long-term estrogen and combined estrogen-progestin HRT on plasma elaidate (18:1t), which is the trans isomer of oleate and the major TFA in the diet. The study group comprised 15 women receiving estradiol valerate HRT and 15 women receiving combined HRT with estradiol valerate and levonorgestrel. The concentrations of elaidate in plasma phospholipids, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides were determined by gas chromatography. At baseline, the total plasma elaidate concentration was lower in the combined HRT group than in the estradiol valerate HRT group (p < 0.01). In the combined HRT group, the concentration of elaidate increased significantly after withdrawal of HRT (p < 0.001) and decreased again to the baseline level after restart of therapy (p < 0.001). These changes were due to decreases in the concentrations of phospholipids and triglycerides; in phospholipids there was also a proportional decrease of elaidate. There were no changes in elaidate in women receiving estradiol valerate alone. Our results suggest that long-term combined HRT treatment decreases plasma TFA, which is not achieved by estrogen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Jokela
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Solakivi T, Jaakkola O, Salomäki A, Peltonen N, Metso S, Lehtimäki T, Jokela H, Nikkari ST. HDL enhances oxidation of LDL in vitro in both men and women. Lipids Health Dis 2005; 4:25. [PMID: 16242018 PMCID: PMC1285367 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key event in the oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis. Some in vitro experiments have previously suggested that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) co-incubated with LDL prevents Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL, while some other studies have observed an opposite effect. To comprehensively clarify the role of HDL in this context, we isolated LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 from sera of 61 free-living individuals (33 women and 28 men). Results When the isolated LDL was subjected to Cu2+-induced oxidation, both HDL2 and HDL3 particles increased the rate of appearance and the final concentration of conjugated dienes similarly in both genders. Oxidation rate was positively associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the lipoproteins in that it was positively related to the content of linoleate and negatively related to oleate. More saturated fats thus protected the lipoproteins from damage. Conclusion We conclude that in vitro HDL does not protect LDL from oxidation, but is in fact oxidized fastest of all lipoproteins due to its fatty acid composition, which is oxidation promoting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - O Jaakkola
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Salomäki
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Peltonen
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Metso
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Jokela
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - ST Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Pöllänen PJ, Lehtimäki T, Mikkelsson J, Ilveskoski E, Kunnas T, Perola M, Penttilä A, Mattila KM, Nikkari ST, Syrjäkoski K, Karhunen PJ. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 9 gene promoter polymorphisms: joint action of two loci as a risk factor for coronary artery complicated plaques. Atherosclerosis 2005; 180:73-8. [PMID: 15823277 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 (MMP3 and MMP9) are present in atherosclerotic plaques and co-operate in the degradation of the fibrous cap of the atheroma, leading to fissuring and ultimately to acute coronary thrombosis. The functional genetic polymorphisms in the promoters of MMP3 and MMP9, which lead to low- and high-transcription activity genotypes, have been shown to be associated with myocardial infarction and angiographically measured atherosclerosis individually, whereas their effects in combination are not yet known. In order to assess the two disease loci simultaneously, we investigated the association of combined low and high promoter activity genotypes with different types of coronary lesions in an autopsy cohort of 300 Caucasian males aged 33-69 years (Helsinki Sudden Death Study). METHODS Genotyping at these loci was performed by PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and minisequencing, and areas of the coronary wall covered with atherosclerotic lesions were measured using computer-assisted morphometry. RESULTS In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption as covariates, a significant interaction between the MMP3 and MMP9 genotypes was observed on area of complicated lesions (P=0.012). Men with high promoter activity genotypes for both loci had, on average, more than two times larger area of complicated lesions (250%) compared with those men who had low promoter activity genotypes (P=0.008), but these loci showed no association with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS The joint action of two susceptibility loci, rather than single MMP genes alone, and the particular combination of MMP3 and MMP9 genotypes present at these loci may contribute to heterogeneity in the presentation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu J Pöllänen
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, FinnMedi-2, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
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Solakivi T, Jaakkola O, Kalela A, Pispa M, Salomäki A, Lehtimäki T, Höyhtyä M, Jokela H, Nikkari ST. Lipoprotein docosapentaenoic acid is associated with serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentration. Lipids Health Dis 2005; 4:8. [PMID: 15826319 PMCID: PMC1112613 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-4-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are thought to play important roles in inflammation. The n-3 series is considered as anti-inflammatory, and some studies have reported increased plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in chronic inflammatory conditions. In this study we sought to clarify relationships of the levels of arachidonic acid and the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid compositions of isolated LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 particles with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a marker of inflammation. RESULTS The subjects were divided into two groups: those with lower and those with higher than the median serum MMP-9 concentration. In all lipoprotein fractions, the mean percentage of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) was higher in the group of subjects with higher MMP-9 level than in those with lower serum MMP-9 concentration (P < 0.01 for all). Likewise, the ratio of docosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) was higher in the subjects with higher MMP-9 compared with the lower MMP-9 group (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION So far, the evidence for an anti-inflammatory role of the n-3 PUFA has come from dietary interventions. Our results were obtained from a free-living population and indicate that there is a positive correlation between n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and MMP-9. What had triggered the rise in MMP-9 is not known, since serum level of MMP-9 is raised in many inflammatory conditions. These findings may indicate an increased biosynthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Solakivi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Jaakkola
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kalela
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pispa
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Salomäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Hannu Jokela
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies have suggested a link between infection, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. We studied whether bacterial DNA is present in coronary specimens obtained from left anterior descending coronary arteries of subjects having sudden deaths of cardiovascular and other causes, as verified by an autopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coronary specimens were obtained from five subjects who died of sudden coronary causes and five controls. Broad-range 16-s rDNA PCR (Br-PCR) amplification, cloning and sequencing were used to detect bacterial rDNA. RESULTS Bacterial rDNA sequences of oral pathogens were detected from the coronary samples in all cases regardless of the cause of death. CONCLUSIONS Br-PCR is a powerful method to detect bacterial rDNA. By this method we were able to detect wide palette of oral bacteria from coronary tissues. Our findings suggest that atheromas may act as mechanical sieves collecting bacteria from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lehtiniemi
- University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland
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Kunnas TA, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen PJ, Laaksonen R, Janatuinen T, Vesalainen R, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Nikkari ST. Estrogen receptor genotype modulates myocardial perfusion in young men. J Mol Med (Berl) 2004; 82:821-5. [PMID: 15517129 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-004-0594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Most of the effects of estrogens are mediated by estrogen receptors. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells express estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in both genders. A long genotype group of a common thymine-adenine (TA) dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the regulatory region of this gene has previously been related to coronary artery disease. The present study examined whether coronary blood flow is affected by this genotype. A total of 49 healthy men were genotyped by PCR and divided into three groups according to median number of the ESR1 promoter TA repeat (=19), i.e., in the short allele genotype group both alleles were of fewer than 19 repeats whereas in the long allele group both alleles were 19 repeats or more. The intermediate group comprised men who had one short and one long allele. Myocardial blood flow was measured by positron emission tomography using [(15)O]water, performed at rest and during adenosine stimulation. Men with long alleles had lower adenosine-stimulated coronary flow than those with short alleles and those with one short and one long allele. Our results suggest that adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion is lower in subjects with ESR1 long alleles than the other TA repeat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja A Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
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Alho H, Sillanaukee P, Kalela A, Jaakkola O, Laine S, Nikkari ST. Alcohol misuse increases serum antibodies to oxidized LDL and C-reactive protein. Alcohol Alcohol 2004; 39:312-5. [PMID: 15208162 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agh059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To clarify the relationship of alcohol consumption with serum antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS The study population consisted of 280 men with evidence of alcohol misuse by having self-reported alcohol consumption values over 280 g absolute ethanol per week and 250 age-matched moderate drinkers from a population of Finnish men participating in the FINRISK survey study. Serum samples were analysed for antibodies to oxLDL, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The characteristics of the top and bottom half of the alcohol misusers, in regard to weekly alcohol consumption, were compared with the controls. RESULTS Serum antibody titres to oxLDL were higher in the top half and the levels of CRP, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, GGT and CDT were elevated in both the top half and the bottom half of the alcohol misusers, compared to controls. CONCLUSION We propose that alcohol misuse may result in increased inflammation leading to oxidation of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Alho
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Koivu TA, Uibu T, Roto P, Fan YM, Lehtinen S, Jokela H, Ehnholm C, Nikkari ST, Lehtimäki T. Apolipoprotein E and A-IV polymorphisms in ethnic Russians living in Estonia. Genetika 2004; 40:1293-1295. [PMID: 15559160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
137 Russians living in Estonia was screened by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting procedures to determine the distribution of genetic variations in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) genes. The apoA-IV-2 allele and epsilon4 allele frequency of the Russians tended to be lower than in most other European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Koivu
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland.
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