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Niemelä J, Nuotio J, Laitinen TT, Kähönen M, Hutri N, Lehtimäki T, Jokinen E, Tossavainen P, Laitinen TP, Heinonen OJ, Dwyer T, Pahkala K, Rovio SP, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Juonala M. Association of Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Youth with Cancer Risk in Adulthood: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024:743145. [PMID: 38639926 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors may affect cancer risk. This study aimed to identify whether American Heart Association (AHA) Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH) score and its individual variables in youth associate with subsequent cancer incidence. METHODS Study comprised of participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study free of cancer at analysis baseline in 1986 (n=1873). Baseline age was 12-24 years and the follow-up occurred between 1986-2018. RESULTS Among 1873 participants (mean age 17.3±4.1 years; 53.4% females at baseline), 72 incident cancer cases occurred during the follow-up (mean follow-up time 31.4±3.4 years). Baseline ICH score was not associated with future cancer risk (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.78-1.12 per 1-point increment). Of individual ICH score variables, ideal physical activity (PA) was inversely associated with cancer incidence (age- and sex-adjusted HR 0.45 (0.23-0.88) per 1-category change [nonideal/ideal]), and remained significant in multivariable-adjusted model including also BMI, smoking, diet and socioeconomic status. A continuous physical activity index at ages 9-24 years and moderate to vigorous physical activity in youth were also related to decreased cancer incidence (p<0.05). BMI, smoking, diet, total cholesterol, glucose and blood pressure were not related to cancer risk. Of the dietary components, meat consumption was associated with cancer incidence (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that higher PA levels in youth associate with a reduced subsequent cancer incidence whereas AHA´s ICH score in youth does not. IMPACT This finding supports the efforts in promoting healthy lifestyle and encourages in physical activity during childhood yielding in subsequent healthier life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Insitute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Heiskanen MA, Aatsinki A, Hakonen P, Kartiosuo N, Munukka E, Lahti L, Keskitalo A, Huovinen P, Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Lagström H, Jula A, Raitakari O, Rovio SP, Pahkala K. Association of Long-Term Habitual Dietary Fiber Intake since Infancy with Gut Microbiota Composition in Young Adulthood. J Nutr 2024; 154:744-754. [PMID: 38219864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fiber is an important health-promoting component of the diet, which is fermented by the gut microbes that produce metabolites beneficial for the host's health. OBJECTIVES We studied the associations of habitual long-term fiber intake from infancy with gut microbiota composition in young adulthood by leveraging data from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project, an infancy-onset 20-y dietary counseling study. METHODS Fiber intake was assessed annually using food diaries from infancy ≤ age 20 y. At age 26 y, the first postintervention follow-up study was conducted including food diaries and fecal sample collection (N = 357). Cumulative dietary fiber intake was assessed as the area under the curve for energy-adjusted fiber intake throughout the study (age 0-26 y). Gut microbiota was profiled using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid amplicon sequencing. The primary outcomes were 1) α diversity expressed as the observed richness and Shannon index, 2) β diversity using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity scores, and 3) differential abundance of each microbial taxa with respect to the cumulative energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake. RESULTS Higher cumulative dietary fiber intake was associated with decreased Shannon index (β = -0.019 per unit change in cumulative fiber intake, P = 0.008). Overall microbial community composition was related to the amount of fiber consumed (permutational analysis of variation R2 = 0.005, P = 0.024). The only genus that was increased with higher cumulative fiber intake was butyrate-producing Butyrivibrio (log2 fold-change per unit change in cumulative fiber intake 0.40, adjusted P = 0.023), whereas some other known butyrate producers such as Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum were decreased with higher cumulative fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS As early-life nutritional exposures may affect the lifetime microbiota composition and disease risk, this study adds novel information on the associations of long-term dietary fiber intake with the gut microbiota. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00223600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja A Heiskanen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anna Aatsinki
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Petra Hakonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Kartiosuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Turku Clinical Microbiome Biobank, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Keskitalo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pentti Huovinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Korpimäki S, Rovio SP, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki T, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Loo BM, Männistö S, Tammelin T, Haarala A, Aatola H, Komar G, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Pahkala K. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Incidence and Remission and Their Predictors During 7 Years of Follow-up Among Finns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e291-e305. [PMID: 37463486 PMCID: PMC10735312 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The incidence and remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are sparsely studied outside Asia. OBJECTIVE This prospective study aimed to investigate NAFLD incidence and remission, and their predictors among a general Finnish population. METHODS The applied cohort included 1260 repeatedly studied middle-aged participants with data on liver ultrasound and no excessive alcohol intake. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound with a 7.2-year study interval. Comprehensive data on health parameters and lifestyle factors were available. RESULTS At baseline, 1079 participants did not have NAFLD, and during the study period 198 of them developed NAFLD. Of the 181 participants with NAFLD at baseline, 40 achieved NAFLD remission. Taking multicollinearity into account, key predictors for incident NAFLD were baseline age (odds ratio 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13; P = .009), waist circumference (WC) (2.77, 1.91-4.01 per 1 SD; P < .001), and triglycerides (2.31, 1.53-3.51 per 1 SD; P < .001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (1.90, 1.20-3.00 per 1 SD; P = .006) concentrations as well as body mass index (BMI) change (4.12, 3.02-5.63 per 1 SD; P < .001). Predictors of NAFLD remission were baseline aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) concentration (0.23, 0.08-0.67 per 1 SD; P = .007) and WC change (0.38, 0.25-0.59 per 1 SD; P < .001). CONCLUSION During follow-up, NAFLD developed for every fifth participant without NAFLD at baseline, and one-fifth of those with NAFLD at baseline had achieved NAFLD remission. NAFLD became more prevalent during the follow-up period. From a clinical perspective, key factors predicting NAFLD incidence and remission were BMI and WC change independent of their baseline level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Korpimäki
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, 40101 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Atte Haarala
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Aatola
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Gaber Komar
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Suorsa K, Leskinen T, Rovio S, Niinikoski H, Pentti J, Nevalainen J, Heinonen OJ, Lagström H, Jula A, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Raitakari O, Stenholm S, Pahkala K. Weekday and weekend physical activity patterns and their correlates among young adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2573-2584. [PMID: 37632161 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerometers enable assessment of within and between day variation in physical activity. The main aim was to examine weekday and weekend physical activity patterns among young adults. Additionally, correlates of the physical activity patterns were examined. METHODS Overall 325 adults (mean age 26.0 years, standard deviation 0.03) from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project used a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer continuously for 1 week. Physical activity patterns over weekdays and weekends were identified by using the group-based trajectory modeling. Adolescent leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, marital and family status, education, work status, occupation, and health consciousness) were examined as possible correlates of physical activity patterns using multinomial regression analysis. RESULTS Five patterns were identified: consistently low activity (45%), active on weekday evenings and weekends (32%), consistently moderate activity (11%), active on weekdays (7%), and consistently high activity (5%). Low adolescent LTPA was associated with consistently low activity pattern in young adulthood. Women were more likely than men to belong in the more physically active groups (all other groups except active on weekdays, odds ratios between 2.26 and 6.17). Those in the active on weekdays group had lower education, were more often in the working life and in manual occupations than those in the consistently low activity group. CONCLUSIONS Marked heterogeneity in physical activity patterns across the week was observed among young adults. Especially history of physical activity, sex, education, work status, and occupation were associated with different physical activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Suorsa
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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5
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Saarinen A, Hietala J, Lyytikäinen LP, Hamal Mishra B, Sormunen E, Kähönen M, Rovio S, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Polygenic liabilities underlying job stress and exhaustion over a 10-year follow-up: A general population study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115355. [PMID: 37487461 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether individuals, who have a high polygenic loading for schizophrenia and major depression (PGL) but have not developed the respective disorders, are still susceptible to experience milder forms of ill-being in terms of job strain or exhaustion. We used the population-based Young Finns Study data (n = 928). PGL was assessed with a cumulative score of the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and depression. Participants (24-49-year-olds) evaluated their exhaustion levels and perceived job characteristics over a 10-year follow-up (2001, 2007, 2011). Participants with diagnosed psychotic or affective disorders were excluded. We found that high PGL did not predict less favorable perceptions of job environment (job strain, demands, control, satisfaction, social support at work) but high PGL predicted a higher trajectory of exhaustion in early adulthood and middle age. Additionally, high (vs. low) PGL predicted a stronger increase in exhaustion at increased levels of job strain. These findings remained after controlling for sex, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and cognitive performance. In conclusion, individuals with high PGL may have an elevated liability to experience exhaustion especially in early adulthood and middle age (despite they perceive their job environment similarly than others), and especially and at high levels of job strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha Hamal Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Laitinen TT, Saha E, Pahkala K, Kartiosuo N, Nuotio J, Lagström H, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Raitakari O, Niinikoski H. Associations of breastfeeding duration with serum lipid values from infancy until age 20 years - the STRIP study. Scand J Public Health 2023:14034948231183030. [PMID: 37387272 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231183030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effect of breastfeeding duration on childhood lipid levels has remained controversial. In this study, we aimed to establish the long-term associations of breastfeeding duration with future levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, we report lipid levels at the age of seven months depending on the child receiving any breastmilk. METHODS The sample comprised 999 children participating in the prospective Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Serum lipid profile was studied at the ages of seven months and 13 months, and annually thereafter until the age of 20 years. Duration of breastfeeding was inquired, and infants were divided into those who received or did not receive any breast milk at the age of seven months (n=533 and n=466, respectively). In addition, breastfeeding duration groups (any breastfeeding for 0-4 months, 4-6 months, 6-9 months, and >9 months) were formed. RESULTS At the age of seven months infants who at that time received breast milk had higher serum HDL cholesterol (0.95±0.21mmol/l vs. 0.90±0.19 mmol/l; p=0.0018), non-HDL cholesterol (3.38±0.78 mmol/l vs. 3.01±0.67 mmol/l; p<0.001) and total cholesterol levels (4.33±0.80 mmol/l vs. 3.91±0.69 mmol/l; p<0.001) than their peers who did not receive breast milk. From two to 20 years of age serum lipid levels showed no consistent differences between the breastfeeding duration groups. CONCLUSIONS
Our long-term data showed that duration of breastfeeding has no consistent associations with serum lipid concentrations in healthy individuals aged two to 20 years.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier NCT00223600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emma Saha
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Kartiosuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Antti Jula
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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7
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Mishra PP, Mishra BH, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Viikari J, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T. Gene Set Based Integrated Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Molecular Mechanisms Linking Cigarette Smoking and Related Diseases. OMICS 2023; 27:193-204. [PMID: 37145884 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced integrative analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptomics data may provide deeper insights into smoke-induced epigenetic alterations, their effects on gene expression and related biological processes, linking cigarette smoking and related diseases. We hypothesize that accumulation of DNA methylation changes in CpG sites across genomic locations of different genes might have biological significance. We tested the hypothesis by performing gene set based integrative analysis of blood DNA methylation and transcriptomics data to identify potential transcriptomic consequences of smoking via changes in DNA methylation in the Young Finns Study (YFS) participants (n = 1114, aged 34-49 years, women: 54%, men: 46%). First, we performed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of smoking. We then defined sets of genes based on DNA methylation status within their genomic regions, for example, sets of genes containing hyper- or hypomethylated CpG sites in their body or promoter regions. Gene set analysis was performed using transcriptomics data from the same participants. Two sets of genes, one containing 49 genes with hypomethylated CpG sites in their body region and the other containing 33 genes with hypomethylated CpG sites in their promoter region, were differentially expressed among the smokers. Genes in the two gene sets are involved in bone formation, metal ion transport, cell death, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, and cerebral cortex development process, revealing epigenetic-transcriptomic pathways to smoking-related diseases such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and cognitive impairment. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of smoking-related diseases and may provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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8
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Mäkinen VP, Kettunen J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M. Longitudinal metabolomics of increasing body-mass index and waist-hip ratio reveals two dynamic patterns of obesity pandemic. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:453-462. [PMID: 36823293 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This observational study dissects the complex temporal associations between body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and circulating metabolomics using a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional population-based datasets and new systems epidemiology tools. SUBJECTS/METHODS Firstly, a data-driven subgrouping algorithm was employed to simplify high-dimensional metabolic profiling data into a single categorical variable: a self-organizing map (SOM) was created from 174 metabolic measures from cross-sectional surveys (FINRISK, n = 9708, ages 25-74) and a birth cohort (NFBC1966, n = 3117, age 31 at baseline, age 46 at follow-up) and an expert committee defined four subgroups of individuals based on visual inspection of the SOM. Secondly, the subgroups were compared regarding BMI and WHR trajectories in an independent longitudinal dataset: participants of the Young Finns Study (YFS, n = 1286, ages 24-39 at baseline, 10 years follow-up, three visits) were categorized into the four subgroups and subgroup-specific age-dependent trajectories of BMI, WHR and metabolic measures were modelled by linear regression. RESULTS The four subgroups were characterised at age 39 by high BMI, WHR and dyslipidemia (designated TG-rich); low BMI, WHR and favourable lipids (TG-poor); low lipids in general (Low lipid) and high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (High LDL-C). Trajectory modelling of the YFS dataset revealed a dynamic BMI divergence pattern: despite overlapping starting points at age 24, the subgroups diverged in BMI, fasting insulin (three-fold difference at age 49 between TG-rich and TG-poor) and insulin-associated measures such as triglyceride-cholesterol ratio. Trajectories also revealed a WHR progression pattern: despite different starting points at the age of 24 in WHR, LDL-C and cholesterol-associated measures, all subgroups exhibited similar rates of change in these measures, i.e. WHR progression was uniform regardless of the cross-sectional metabolic profile. CONCLUSIONS Age-associated weight variation in adults between 24 and 49 manifests as temporal divergence in BMI and uniform progression of WHR across metabolic health strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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9
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Ala-Korpela M, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Kettunen J, Raitakari OT, Mäkinen VP. Cross-sectionally calculated metabolic ageing does not relate to longitudinal metabolic changes - support for stratified ageing models. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:6993416. [PMID: 36658689 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ageing varies between individuals with profound consequences for chronic diseases and longevity. One hypothesis to explain the diversity is a genetically regulated molecular clock that runs differently between individuals. Large and long enough human studies to test the hypothesis are rare due to practical challenges, but statistical models of ageing are built as proxies for the molecular clock by comparing young and old individuals cross-sectionally. These models remain untested against longitudinal data. OBJECTIVE We applied novel methodology to test if cross-sectional modelling can distinguish slow versus accelerated ageing in a human population. DESIGN We trained a machine learning model to predict age from 153 clinical and cardiometabolic traits. The model was tested against longitudinal data from another cohort. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The training data came from cross-sectional surveys of the Finnish population (n = 9,708; ages 25-74 years). The validation data included three time points across 10 years in the Young Finns Study (YFS; n = 1,009; ages 24-49 years). INTERVENTION(S) Predicted metabolic age in 2007 was compared against observed ageing rate from the 2001 visit to the 2011 visit in the YFS dataset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Correlation between predicted versus observed metabolic ageing. RESULTS The cross-sectional proxy failed to predict longitudinal observations (R2 = 0.018%, P = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS The finding is unexpected under the clock hypothesis that would produce a positive correlation between predicted and observed ageing. Our results are better explained by a stratified model where ageing rates per se are similar in adulthood but differences in starting points explain diverging metabolic fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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10
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Raitakari O, Kartiosuo N, Pahkala K, Hutri-Kähönen N, Bazzano LA, Chen W, Urbina EM, Jacobs DR, Sinaiko A, Steinberger J, Burns T, Daniels SR, Venn A, Woo JG, Dwyer T, Juonala M, Viikari J. Lipoprotein(a) in Youth and Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adulthood. Circulation 2023; 147:23-31. [PMID: 36440577 PMCID: PMC9797445 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease outcomes with unknown mechanisms. We examined its potential role in identifying youths who are at increased risk of developing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS Lp(a) levels measured in youth 9 to 24 years of age were linked to adult ASCVD and carotid intima-media thickness in the YFS (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study), in which 95 of the original 3596 participants (2.7%) recruited as children have been diagnosed with ASCVD at a median of 47 years of age. Results observed in YFS were replicated with the use of data for White participants from the BHS (Bogalusa Heart Study). In BHS, 587 White individuals had data on youth Lp(a) (measured at 8-17 years of age) and information on adult events, including 15 cases and 572 noncases. Analyses were performed with the use of Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS In YFS, those who had been exposed to high Lp(a) level in youth [defined as Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL] had ≈2 times greater risk of developing adult ASCVD compared with nonexposed individuals (hazard ratio, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.4-2.6]). Youth risk factors, including Lp(a), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking, were all independently associated with higher risk. In BHS, in an age- and sex-adjusted model, White individuals who had been exposed to high Lp(a) had 2.5 times greater risk (95% CI, 0.9-6.8) of developing adult ASCVD compared with nonexposed individuals. When also adjusted for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index, the risk associated with high Lp(a) remained unchanged (hazard ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.8-7.3]). In a multivariable model for pooled data, individuals exposed to high Lp(a) had 2.0 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.0-3.7) of developing adult ASCVD compared with nonexposed individuals. No association was detected between youth Lp(a) and adult carotid artery thickness in either cohort or pooled data. CONCLUSIONS Elevated Lp(a) level identified in youth is a risk factor for adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes but not for increased carotid intima-media thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.R., N.K., K.P.)
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.R., N.K., K.P.), University of Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Noora Kartiosuo
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.R., N.K., K.P.)
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.R., N.K., K.P.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.R., N.K., K.P.)
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.R., N.K., K.P.), University of Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity (K.P.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Finland (N.H.-K.)
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (L.A.B., W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (L.A.B., W.C.)
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (E.M.U., J.G.W.)
- The Heart Institute (E.M.U.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.R.J.)
| | - Alan Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (A.S., J.S.)
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (A.S., J.S.)
| | - Trudy Burns
- Department of Medicine (M.J., J.V.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (S.R.D.)
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (S.R.D.)
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (A.V., T.D.)
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (E.M.U., J.G.W.)
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (J.G.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Terry Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (A.V., T.D.)
- Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (T.D.)
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.D.)
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine (M.J., J.V.), University of Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine (M.J., J.V.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine (M.J., J.V.), University of Turku, Finland
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11
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Ketvel L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pahkala K, Juonala M, Ahola-Olli A, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Rovio S, Saarinen A. Stress-Related Exhaustion, Polygenic Cognitive Potential, and Cognitive Test Performance - A General Population Study. Cognit Ther Res 2023; 47:155-167. [PMID: 36945257 PMCID: PMC10023621 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated whether stress-related exhaustion (chronic or short-term, and co-occurring with depression or not) is related to cognitive performance and whether polygenic cognitive potential modifies these associations. Methods The participants were from the Young Finns Study (N = 541-1273). Stress-related exhaustion was assessed using the Maastricht Questionnaire, depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory, and cognitive performance with subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, measuring visuospatial learning, reaction time, sustained attention, and executive function. Cognitive performance and depression were assessed in 2011, and exhaustion in 2001, 2007, and 2011. A polygenic score for cognitive potential was calculated based on a GWAS on intelligence. Results High stress-related exhaustion, especially chronic, was associated with slower reaction time. Only clinical levels of depression were related to slower reaction time. Polygenic cognitive potential did not modify these associations. There were no differences in cognitive performance between individuals with co-occurring exhaustion and depression vs. those with only either condition. Conclusion Stress-related exhaustion, especially if chronic, seems to relate to slower reactions. Co-occurring exhaustion and depression may not have additive effects on cognitive performance. High polygenic cognitive potential may not protect from or predispose to harmful effects of exhaustion or depression on reaction time. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10354-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Ketvel
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Mäkinen VP, Karsikas M, Kettunen J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M. Longitudinal profiling of metabolic ageing trends in two population cohorts of young adults. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1970-1983. [PMID: 35441226 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of metabolic changes over the human life course is essential to understanding ageing processes. Yet longitudinal metabolomics data are rare and long gaps between visits can introduce biases that mask true trends. We introduce new ways to process quantitative time-series population data and elucidate metabolic ageing trends in two large cohorts. METHODS Eligible participants included 1672 individuals from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and 3117 from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Up to three time points (ages 24-49 years) were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and clinical biochemistry (236 measures). Temporal trends were quantified as median change per decade. Sample quality was verified by consistency of shared biomarkers between metabolomics and clinical assays. Batch effects between visits were mitigated by a new algorithm introduced in this report. The results below satisfy multiple testing threshold of P < 0.0006. RESULTS Women gained more weight than men (+6.5% vs +5.0%) but showed milder metabolic changes overall. Temporal sex differences were observed for C-reactive protein (women +5.1%, men +21.1%), glycine (women +5.2%, men +1.9%) and phenylalanine (women +0.6%, men +3.5%). In 566 individuals with ≥+3% weight gain vs 561 with weight change ≤-3%, divergent patterns were observed for insulin (+24% vs -10%), very-low-density-lipoprotein triglycerides (+32% vs -6%), high-density-lipoprotein2 cholesterol (-6.5% vs +4.7%), isoleucine (+5.7% vs -6.0%) and C-reactive protein (+25% vs -22%). CONCLUSION We report absolute and proportional trends for 236 metabolic measures as new reference material for overall age-associated and specific weight-driven changes in real-world populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari Karsikas
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Mishra BH, Sievänen H, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Viikari J, Juonala M, Laaksonen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP. Gene set analysis of transcriptomics data identifies new biological processes associated with early markers of atherosclerosis but not with those of osteoporosis: Atherosclerosis-osteoporosis co/multimorbidity study in the Young Finns Study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 361:1-9. [PMID: 36252457 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed at identifying the shared biological processes underlying atherosclerosis-osteoporosis co/multimorbidity. METHODS We performed gene set analysis (GSA) of whole-blood transcriptomic data to identify biological processes shared by the early markers of these two diseases. Early markers of diseases, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) for atherosclerosis and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) from distal radius and tibia for osteoporosis, were used to categorize the study participants into cases and controls. Participants with high CIMT (>90th percentile) were defined as cases for subclinical atherosclerosis. Study population-based T-scores for BMD were calculated and T-score ≤ -1 was used for the definition of low BMD cases i.e., early indicator of osteoporosis. RESULTS We did not identify any gene sets jointly associated with early markers of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. We identified three novel and replicated 234 gene sets significantly associated with high CIMT with false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.01. Only two genes, both related to the immune system, were identified to be associated with high CIMT by traditional differential gene expression analysis. However, none of the studied gene sets or individual genes were significantly associated with tibial or radial BMD. The three novel CIMT associated gene sets contained genes involved in copper homeostasis, neural crest cell migration and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. The 234 replicated gene sets in this study are related to the immune system, hypoxia and apoptosis, consistent with the existing literature on atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel biological processes associated with high CIMT but not with reduced BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Sormunen E, Saarinen MM, Salokangas RKR, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Hietala J. Metabolic trajectories in childhood and adolescence: Effects on risk for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2022; 8:82. [PMID: 36220836 PMCID: PMC9553975 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is common in antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether these changes can already be seen in premorbid or prodromal period, before the first psychotic episode. We examined insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride trajectories in children and adolescents (9-18 years old), who were later diagnosed with schizophrenia, any non-affective psychosis (NAP) or affective disorder (AD). The study population consisted of a general population-based cohort "The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study", started in 1980 (n = 3596). Psychiatric diagnoses were derived from the Health Care Register up to the year 2018. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in insulin or lipid levels in children and adolescents who later developed schizophrenia (n = 41) compared to the cohort control group (n = 3202). In addition, no changes in these parameters were seen in the NAP (n = 74) or AD (n = 156) groups compared to the controls, but lower triglyceride levels in childhood/adolescence associated with earlier diagnosis of psychotic disorder in the NAP group. Taken together, our results do not support any gross-level insulin or lipid changes during childhood and adolescence in individuals with later diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Since changes in glucose and lipid metabolism can be observed in neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia, we hypothesize that the more marked metabolic changes develop during the prodrome closer to the onset of the first psychotic episode. The findings have relevance for studies on developmental hypotheses of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Sormunen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maiju M. Saarinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raimo K. R. Salokangas
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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15
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Tolonen S, Juonala M, Fogelholm M, Pahkala K, Laaksonen M, Kähönen M, Sievänen H, Viikari J, Raitakari O. Dietary Saturated Fat and Bone Health in Young Adults: The Young Finns Cohort. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:419-429. [PMID: 35896727 PMCID: PMC9474366 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that saturated fat (SFA) intake may negatively impact on bone. However, few human studies on the topic exist. Women and men aged 31-46 years from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study attended the peripheral quantitative computed tomography and ultrasound bone measurements in 2008 (n = 1884-1953, ~ 56% women). In addition, fracture diagnoses in 1980-2018 were searched for the national health care registers and 431 participants had at least one fracture. Food consumption was gathered with the 48-h dietary recall interviews and food frequency questionnaire in 1980-2007. In the present study, radial, tibial, and calcaneal bone traits, and fractures were examined relative to the long-term intake of SFA. No consistent associations were seen between bone outcomes and SFA intake that would have replicated in both women and men. The only evidence for differential distributions was seen in cortical density and cortical-to-total area ratio at the radial shaft, and speed of sound at the calcaneus, which were 0.1-0.4% higher in women in the lowest tertile of SFA intake compared with the highest tertile. In addition, among men, the odds ratio (OR) of fractures was greater in the second (OR 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3.33) and third tertile of SFA intake (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.38-4.36) compared with the lowest tertile, independently of many risk factors of osteoporosis. In this observational study, we found no robust evidence of the associations of dietary long-term SFA intake with bone outcomes. Therefore, additional studies are needed to confirm the association of dietary SFA with bone health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tolonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - M Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Laaksonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - O Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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16
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Viinikainen J, Bryson A, Böckerman P, Kari JT, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Viikari J, Pehkonen J. Does better education mitigate risky health behavior? A mendelian randomization study. Econ Hum Biol 2022; 46:101134. [PMID: 35354116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Education and risky health behaviors are strongly negatively correlated. Education may affect health behaviors by enabling healthier choices through higher disposable income, increasing information about the harmful effects of risky health behaviors, or altering time preferences. Alternatively, the observed negative correlation may stem from reverse causality or unobserved confounders. Based on the data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study linked to register-based information on educational attainment and family background, this paper identifies the causal effect of education on risky health behaviors. To examine causal effects, we used a genetic score as an instrument for years of education. We found that individuals with higher education allocated more attention to healthy habits. In terms of health behaviors, highly educated people were less likely to smoke. Some model specifications also indicated that the highly educated consumed more fruit and vegetables, but the results were imprecise in this regard. No causal effect was found between education and abusive drinking. In brief, inference based on genetic instruments showed that higher education leads to better choices in some but not all dimensions of health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Viinikainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Alex Bryson
- University College London, Social Research Institute, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, United Kingdom; IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Petri Böckerman
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland; IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany; Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana T Kari
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- University of Turku, Department of Medicine, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Pehkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland
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17
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Raitakari O, Kivelä A, Pahkala K, Rovio S, Mykkänen J, Ahola-Olli A, Loo BM, Lyytikäinen LP, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Juonala M, Rönnemaa T, Lamina C, Kronenberg F, Viikari J. Long-term tracking and population characteristics of lipoprotein (a) in the cardiovascular risk in young finns study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 356:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Kuusisto S, Karjalainen MK, Tillin T, Kangas AJ, Holmes MV, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Perola M, Chaturvedi N, Salomaa V, Raitakari OT, Järvelin MR, Kettunen J, Ala-Korpela M. Genetic and observational evidence: No independent role for cholesterol efflux over static high-density lipoprotein concentration measures in coronary heart disease risk assessment. J Intern Med 2022; 292:146-153. [PMID: 35289444 PMCID: PMC9311699 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational findings for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC) and coronary heart disease (CHD) appear inconsistent, and knowledge of the genetic architecture of HDL-CEC is limited. OBJECTIVES A large-scale observational study on the associations of HDL-CEC and other HDL-related measures with CHD and the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HDL-CEC. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS Six independent cohorts were included with follow-up data for 14,438 participants to investigate the associations of HDL-related measures with incident CHD (1,570 events). The GWAS of HDL-CEC was carried out in 20,372 participants. RESULTS HDL-CEC did not associate with CHD when adjusted for traditional risk factors and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). In contradiction, almost all HDL-related concentration measures associated consistently with CHD after corresponding adjustments. There were no genetic loci associated with HDL-CEC independent of HDL-C and triglycerides. CONCLUSION HDL-CEC is not unequivocally associated with CHD in contrast to HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I, and most of the HDL subclass particle concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Kuusisto
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna K Karjalainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Therese Tillin
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital (OYS), Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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19
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Keskitalo A, Munukka E, Aatsinki A, Saleem W, Kartiosuo N, Lahti L, Huovinen P, Elo LL, Pietilä S, Rovio SP, Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Lagström H, Jula A, Raitakari O, Pahkala K. An Infancy-Onset 20-Year Dietary Counselling Intervention and Gut Microbiota Composition in Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132667. [PMID: 35807848 PMCID: PMC9268486 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The randomized controlled Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) has completed a 20-year infancy-onset dietary counselling intervention to reduce exposure to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors via promotion of a heart-healthy diet. The counselling on, e.g., low intake of saturated fat and cholesterol and promotion of fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain consumption has affected the dietary characteristics of the intervention participants. By leveraging this unique cohort, we further investigated whether this long-term dietary intervention affected the gut microbiota bacterial profile six years after the intervention ceased. Our sub-study comprised 357 individuals aged 26 years (intervention n = 174, control n = 183), whose gut microbiota were profiled using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We observed no differences in microbiota profiles between the intervention and control groups. However, out of the 77 detected microbial genera, the Veillonella genus was more abundant in the intervention group compared to the controls (log2 fold-change 1.58, p < 0.001) after adjusting for multiple comparison. In addition, an association between the study group and overall gut microbiota profile was found only in males. The subtle differences in gut microbiota abundances observed in this unique intervention setting suggest that long-term dietary counselling reflecting dietary guidelines may be associated with alterations in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Keskitalo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.P.R.); (H.N.); (O.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Microbiome Biobank, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Anna Aatsinki
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Wisam Saleem
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Noora Kartiosuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.P.R.); (H.N.); (O.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (W.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Pentti Huovinen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Sami Pietilä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.P.R.); (H.N.); (O.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.P.R.); (H.N.); (O.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Department of Physiology/Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (J.V.); (T.R.)
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (J.V.); (T.R.)
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Institute for Health and Welfare, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.P.R.); (H.N.); (O.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (N.K.); (S.P.R.); (H.N.); (O.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-578-6122
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20
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Nummela SR, Salo P, Pahkala K, Raitakari OT, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Rovio SP, Niinikoski H. Weight gain in infancy and markers of cardiometabolic health in young adulthood. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1603-1611. [PMID: 35366015 PMCID: PMC9543448 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim We studied whether repeatedly measured weight gain from birth up to age 2 years associated with cardiometabolic health in young adulthood. Methods Using the data collected in the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project, we investigated in 454 healthy subjects how early weight gain in six age intervals (birth to 7 months, 7–13 months, 13–18 months, 18–24 months, and birth to 13 and 24 months) associated with measures of cardiometabolic health at age 20 years. Linear regression analyses were controlled for (1) child's sex, intervention/control group, gestational age, baseline weight and change in length for each interval, and (2) parents’ education, mother's weight before pregnancy, height and weight gain during pregnancy, and father's body mass index at the 7‐month visit. Results Weight gain after the first year of life associated directly, when adjusted for traits of the child and parents, with systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index at age 20 years. In the fully adjusted analyses, weight gain from birth to 1 year and to 2 years of age associated inversely with insulin and insulin resistance. We found no association between early growth and diastolic blood pressure or serum lipids. Conclusion Early weight gain during first 2 years of life may predict later markers of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Salo
- Centre for Population Health Research Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Centre for Population Health Research Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit Department of Physical Activity and Health Paavo Nurmi Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine Department of Medicine Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Division of Medicine Department of Medicine Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- Centre for Population Health Research Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Centre for Population Health Research Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland
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21
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Khoury M, Khoury P, Bazzano L, Burns TL, Daniels S, Dwyer T, Ikonen J, Jacobs DR, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Prineas R, Raitakari OT, Steinberger J, Venn A, Viikari J, Woo JG, Sinaiko A, Urbina EM. Prevalence Implications of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Hypertension Guideline and Associations with Adult Hypertension. J Pediatr 2022; 241:22-28.e4. [PMID: 34619113 PMCID: PMC8924915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics hypertension Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG), compared with the previous guideline ("Fourth Report"), on the frequency of hypertensive blood pressure (BP) measurements in childhood and associations with hypertension in adulthood using data from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium. STUDY DESIGN Childhood BPs were categorized in normal, prehypertensive/elevated, and hypertensive (stage 1 and 2) ranges using the Fourth Report and the CPG. Participants were contacted in adulthood to assess self-reported hypertension. The associations between childhood hypertensive range BPs and self-reported adult hypertension were evaluated. RESULTS Data were available for 34 014 youth (10.4 ± 3.1 years, 50.6% female) with 92 751 BP assessments. Compared with the Fourth Report, the CPG increased hypertensive readings from 7.6% to 13.5% and from 1.3% to 2.5% for stage 1 and 2 hypertensive range, respectively (P < .0001). Of 12 761 adults (48.8 ± 7.9 years, 43% male), 3839 (30.1%) had self-reported hypertension. The sensitivity for predicting adult hypertension among those with hypertensive range BPs at any point in childhood, as defined by the Fourth Report and the CPG, respectively, was 13.4% and 22.4% (specificity 92.3% and 85.9%, P < .001), with no significant impact on positive and negative predictive values. Associations with self-reported adult hypertension were similar and weak (c-statistic range 0.61-0.68) for hypertensive range BPs as defined by the Fourth Report and CPG. CONCLUSIONS The CPG significantly increased the prevalence of childhood BPs in hypertensive ranges and improved the sensitivity, without an overall strengthened association, of predicting self-reported adult hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Khoury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Philip Khoury
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Trudy L. Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Oxford Martin School, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Ikonen
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ronald Prineas
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica G. Woo
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
| | | | - Elaine M. Urbina
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH
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22
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Pehkonen J, Viinikainen J, Kari JT, Böckerman P, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari O. Birth weight, adult weight, and cardiovascular biomarkers: Evidence from the Cardiovascular Young Finns Study. Prev Med 2022; 154:106894. [PMID: 34801564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study quantifies the causal effect of birth weight on cardiovascular biomarkers in adulthood using the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS). We apply a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) method that provides a novel approach to improve inference in causal analysis based on a mediation framework. The results show that birth weight is linked to triglyceride levels (β = -0.294; 95% CI [-0.591, 0.003]) but not to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (β = 0.007; 95% CI [-0.168, 0.183]). The total effect of birth weight on triglyceride levels is partly offset by a mediation pathway linking birth weight to adult BMI (β = 0.111; 95% CI [-0.013, 0.234]). The negative total effect is consistent with the fetal programming hypothesis. The positive indirect effect via adult BMI highlights the persistence of body weight throughout a person's life and the adverse effects of high BMI on health. The results are consistent with previous findings that both low birth weight and weight gain increase health risks in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Pehkonen
- School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Jutta Viinikainen
- School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaana T Kari
- School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Böckerman
- School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland; IZA, Bonn, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinincal Chemistry, Tampere University, Finland; Fimlab Laboratoriot Oy Ltd, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Jaakkola JM, Rovio SP, Pahkala K, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Niinikoski H, Mykkänen J, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT. Childhood exposure to parental smoking and life-course overweight and central obesity. Ann Med 2021; 53:208-216. [PMID: 33305629 PMCID: PMC7901689 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1853215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between childhood parental smoking exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity from childhood to adulthood. METHODS This study leverages the data from two longitudinal population based cohort studies, the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study between years 1980-2011/2012 (YFS; N = 2,303; baseline age 3-18 years) and the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project between years 1989-2009/2010 (STRIP; N = 632; baseline age 7 months). Weight, height and waist circumference were measured from childhood to adulthood. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 in adults and using the Cole criteria in children. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference > 100/90 cm in men/women and as a waist-to-height ratio > 0.50 in children. Statistical analyses were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, birth weight, parental ages, diet and physical activity. RESULTS Childhood parental smoking exposure was associated with increased risk for life-course overweight/obesity (YFS: RR1.13, 95%CI 1.02-1.24; STRIP: RR1.57, 95%CI 1.10-2.26) and central obesity (YFS: RR1.18, 95%CI 1.01-1.38; STRIP: RR1.45, 95%CI 0.98-2.15). CONCLUSIONS Childhood exposure to parental smoking is associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity over the life-course. KEY MESSAGES Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, central obesity and adiposity measured by skinfold thickness from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Jaakkola
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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24
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Cuthbertson DJ, Koskinen J, Brown E, Magnussen CG, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sabin M, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Fatty liver index predicts incident risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ann Med 2021; 53:1256-1264. [PMID: 34309471 PMCID: PMC8317942 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1956685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and fatty liver index (FLI) on the odds of incident prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 2020 participants after 10 years follow up. METHODS At baseline (in 2001) 2020 participants, males and females, aged 24-39 years, were stratified according to body mass index (BMI), normal weight (<25 kg/m2), overweight (≥25-<30 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2) and FLI (as high FLI ≥60 or low FLI <60). We examined the incidence of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (ultrasound assessed) over 10 years to 2011 to determine the relative impact of FLI and BMI. RESULTS 514 and 52 individuals developed prediabetes and type 2 diabetes during follow-up. Such individuals were older, with higher BMI, serum glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations than those who did not develop prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (n = 1454). The additional presence of high FLI significantly increased the risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes above the risk of being overweight/obese. Compared with normal weight, low FLI participants, the odds of prediabetes were ∼2-fold higher and the odds of type 2 diabetes were 9-10-fold higher respectively in the overweight/obese, high FLI group. No difference was observed between normal weight, low FLI and overweight/obese and low FLI groups. CONCLUSIONS An increased FLI significantly increases the odds of incident prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in individuals with overweight/obese highlighting the contributory role of liver fat accumulation in the pathophysiology of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes.Key messagesObesity is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.Additionally, NAFLD is more prevalent in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes when compared to age- and BMI-matched individuals.The presence of a raised fatty liver index (FLI) confers a significantly increased risk of developing prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD above that conferred by being overweight/obese.The degree of elevation of FLI can risk stratify for incident prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Cuthbertson
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juha Koskinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Kotka Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland
| | - Emily Brown
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matthew Sabin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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25
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Heiskanen JS, Hernesniemi JA, Ruohonen S, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Jokinen E, Tossavainen P, Kallio M, Laitinen T, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Juonala M, Nevalainen J, Raitakari OT. Influence of early-life body mass index and systolic blood pressure on left ventricle in adulthood - the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Ann Med 2021; 53:160-168. [PMID: 33238748 PMCID: PMC7877918 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1849785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether early-life exposures to body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SPB) affects the left ventricular structure in adulthood. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a 31-year follow-up to examine the associations between early-life (between ages 6-18) BMI and SPB on LVM in an adult population (N = 1864, aged 34-49). The burden of early-life BMI and SBP was defined as area under the curve. RESULTS After accounting for contemporary adult determinants of LVM, early-life BMI burden associated significantly with LVM (3.61 g/SD increase in early-life BMI; [1.94 - 5.28], p < 0.001). Overweight in early-life (age- and sex-specific BMI values corresponding to adult BMI > 25 kg/m2) associated with 4.7% (2.5-6.9%, p < 0.0001) higher LVM regardless of BMI status in adulthood. Overweight in early-life combined with obesity in adulthood (BMI > 30kg/m2) resulted in a 21% (17.3-32.9%, p < 0.0001) increase in LVM. Higher early-life BMI was associated with a risk of developing eccentric hypertrophy. The burden of early-life SPB was not associated with adult LVM or left ventricular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS High BMI in early-life confers a sustained effect on LVM and the risk for eccentric hypertrophy independently of adulthood risk factors. KEY MESSAGES Excess in BMI in early-life has an independent effect on LVM and the risk of developing eccentric hypertrophy regardless of overweight status in adulthood. Systolic blood pressure levels in early-life did not have an independent effect on LVM or LV remodeling. The clinical implication of this study is that primary prevention of obesity in early-life may prevent the development of high LVM and eccentric hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko S Heiskanen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi A Hernesniemi
- Tays Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, HUS New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja Kallio
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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26
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Richardson TG, Mykkänen J, Pahkala K, Ala-Korpela M, Bell JA, Taylor K, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Davey Smith G. Evaluating the direct effects of childhood adiposity on adult systemic metabolism: a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1580-1592. [PMID: 33783488 PMCID: PMC8580280 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who are obese in childhood have an elevated risk of disease in adulthood. However, whether childhood adiposity directly impacts intermediate markers of this risk, independently of adult adiposity, is unclear. In this study, we have simultaneously evaluated the effects of childhood and adulthood body size on 123 systemic molecular biomarkers representing multiple metabolic pathways. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the causal effect of childhood body size on a total of 123 nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic markers using summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from up to 24 925 adults. Multivariable MR was then applied to evaluate the direct effects of childhood body size on these metabolic markers whilst accounting for adult body size. Further MR analyses were undertaken to estimate the potential mediating effects of these circulating metabolites on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in adulthood using a sample of 60 801 cases and 123 504 controls. RESULTS Univariable analyses provided evidence that childhood body size has an effect on 42 of the 123 metabolic markers assessed (based on P < 4.07 × 10-4). However, the majority of these effects (35/42) substantially attenuated when accounting for adult body size using multivariable MR. We found little evidence that the biomarkers that were potentially influenced directly by childhood body size (leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine) mediate this effect onto adult disease risk. Very-low-density lipoprotein markers provided the strongest evidence of mediating the long-term effect of adiposity on CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that childhood adiposity predominantly exerts its detrimental effect on adult systemic metabolism along a pathway that involves adulthood body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kurt Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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27
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Mishra BH, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Hilvo M, Sievänen H, Juonala M, Laaksonen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Laaksonen R, Lehtimäki T. Uncovering the shared lipidomic markers of subclinical osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity: The Young Finns Study. Bone 2021; 151:116030. [PMID: 34098163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are complex multifactorial diseases sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms suggesting that these are comorbidities. Omics studies identifying joint molecular markers associated with these diseases are sparse. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 437 molecular lipid species from the Young Finns Study cohort (aged 30-45 years and 57% women) and performed lipidome-wide multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with early markers for both diseases. Carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis measured with ultrasound and bone mineral density from distal radius and tibia for osteoporosis measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography were used as early markers of the diseases. RESULTS MANOVA adjusted with age, sex and body mass index, identified eight statistically significant (adjusted p-value (padj) < 0.05) and 15 suggestively significant (padj < 0.25) molecular lipid species associated with the studied markers. Similar analysis adjusted additionally for smoking habit, physical activity and alcohol consumption identified four significant and six suggestively significant molecular lipid species. These most significant lipid classes/species jointly associated with the studied markers were glycerolipid/TAG(18:0/18:0/18:1), glycerophospholipid/PC(40:3), sphingolipid/Gb3(d18:1/22:0), and sphingolipid/Gb3(d18:1/24:0). CONCLUSION Our results support the osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity hypothesis and present potential new joint lipid biomarkers for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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28
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Dwyer T, Raitakari OT, Jacobs D, Woo JG, Urbina EM, Bazzano L, Juonala M, Viikari J, Chen W, Prineas R, Steinberger J, Daniels S, Sinaiko A, Venn A, Burns TL, Hu T. 684Childhood Risk Factors and Adult Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis develops silently for decades before adult cardiovascular disease (aCVD) occurs. There is currently no evidence directly linking childhood risk factors to aCVD outcomes.
Methods
i3C is an international consortium of 7 cohorts involving 40,709 participants enrolled between 1970-95 in childhood (age 3-19) who underwent measurement for BMI, SBP, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, and smoking (the last mostly in adolescence). Participants were followed by direct contact and review of medical records or death registry ascertainment through adulthood in 2014-19. 20,560 participants were found and interviewed or had died in the approximately 40 years since enrollment; 738 had a CVD event, confirmed by medical record review (n = 449) or death certificate ICD code (n = 289).
Results
Estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for childhood risk factors and their confidence intervals are displayed in the table below. The CIs excluded 1.0 for all these variables in the univariable analysis and, although the HRs were reduced in multivariable analysis which included all of these risk factors, the CIs still excluded 1.0.
Conclusion
Exposure to CVD risk factors in youth predicts adult CVD with implications for primordial CVD prevention.
Key messages
Intervention to reduce CVD risk factors in childhood is likely to reduce risk of adult CVD
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Martin Fellow, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Honorary Professorial Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - David Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and community health, school of public health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jessica G. Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Elaine M. Urbina
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine (M.J., J.S.A.V.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ronald Prineas
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA
| | - Julia Steinberger
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Alan Sinaiko
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Trudy L. Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Tian Hu
- Division of Epidemiology and community health, school of public health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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29
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Robinson O, Carter AR, Ala-Korpela M, Casas JP, Chaturvedi N, Engmann J, Howe LD, Hughes AD, Järvelin MR, Kähönen M, Karhunen V, Kuh D, Shah T, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sofat R, Lau CHE, Lehtimäki T, Menon U, Raitakari O, Ryan A, Providencia R, Smith S, Taylor J, Tillin T, Viikari J, Wong A, Hingorani AD, Kivimäki M, Vineis P. Metabolic profiles of socio-economic position: a multi-cohort analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:768-782. [PMID: 33221853 PMCID: PMC8271201 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low socio-economic position (SEP) is a risk factor for multiple health outcomes, but its molecular imprints in the body remain unclear. Methods We examined SEP as a determinant of serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiles in ∼30 000 adults and 4000 children across 10 UK and Finnish cohort studies. Results In risk-factor-adjusted analysis of 233 metabolic measures, low educational attainment was associated with 37 measures including higher levels of triglycerides in small high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1, large and very large HDL particles (including levels of their respective lipid constituents) and cholesterol measures across different density lipoproteins. Among adults whose father worked in manual occupations, associations with apolipoprotein A1, large and very large HDL particles and HDL-2 cholesterol remained after adjustment for SEP in later life. Among manual workers, levels of glutamine were higher compared with non-manual workers. All three indicators of low SEP were associated with lower DHA, omega-3 fatty acids and HDL diameter. At all ages, children of manual workers had lower levels of DHA as a proportion of total fatty acids. Conclusions Our work indicates that social and economic factors have a measurable impact on human physiology. Lower SEP was independently associated with a generally unfavourable metabolic profile, consistent across ages and cohorts. The metabolites we found to be associated with SEP, including DHA, are known to predict cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline in later life and may contribute to health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alice R Carter
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juan P Casas
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Tina Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chung-Ho E Lau
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, UK
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Andy Ryan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, UK
| | - Rui Providencia
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, (and) Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Julie Taylor
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Therese Tillin
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, (and) Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Health Data Research UK, London, UK.,University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, UK
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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30
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Wang Q, Oliver-Williams C, Raitakari OT, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Järvelin MR, Salomaa V, Perola M, Danesh J, Kettunen J, Butterworth AS, Holmes MV, Ala-Korpela M. Metabolic profiling of angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 inhibition: a drug-target Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1160-1169. [PMID: 33351885 PMCID: PMC7982288 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and 4 (ANGPTL4) inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and represent emerging drug targets to lower circulating triglycerides and reduce cardiovascular risk. To investigate the molecular effects of genetic mimicry of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 inhibition and compare them to the effects of genetic mimicry of LPL enhancement. Methods and results Associations of genetic variants in ANGPTL3 (rs11207977-T), ANGPTL4 (rs116843064-A), and LPL (rs115849089-A) with an extensive serum lipid and metabolite profile (208 measures) were characterized in six cohorts of up to 61 240 participants. Genetic associations with anthropometric measures, glucose-insulin metabolism, blood pressure, markers of kidney function, and cardiometabolic endpoints via genome-wide summary data were also explored. ANGPTL4 rs116843064-A and LPL rs115849089-A displayed a strikingly similar pattern of associations across the lipoprotein and lipid measures. However, the corresponding associations with ANGPTL3 rs11207977-T differed, including those for low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particle concentrations and compositions. All three genotypes associated with lower concentrations of an inflammatory biomarker glycoprotein acetyls and genetic mimicry of ANGPTL3 inhibition and LPL enhancement were also associated with lower C-reactive protein. Genetic mimicry of ANGPTL4 inhibition and LPL enhancement were associated with a lower waist-to-hip ratio, improved insulin-glucose metabolism, and lower risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, whilst genetic mimicry of ANGPTL3 was associated with improved kidney function. Conclusions Genetic mimicry of ANGPTL4 inhibition and LPL enhancement have very similar systemic metabolic effects, whereas genetic mimicry of ANGPTL3 inhibition showed differing metabolic effects, suggesting potential involvement of pathways independent of LPL. Genetic mimicry of ANGPTL4 inhibition and LPL enhancement were associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. These findings reinforce evidence that enhancing LPL activity (either directly or via upstream effects) through pharmacological approaches is likely to yield benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Clare Oliver-Williams
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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31
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Kallio P, Pahkala K, Heinonen OJ, Tammelin TH, Pälve K, Hirvensalo M, Juonala M, Loo BM, Magnussen CG, Rovio S, Helajärvi H, Laitinen TP, Jokinen E, Tossavainen P, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Raitakari OT. Physical inactivity from youth to adulthood and adult cardiometabolic risk profile. Prev Med 2021; 145:106433. [PMID: 33497685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adults with a low physical activity (PA) level are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, but little is known on the association between physical inactivity since youth and cardiometabolic health in adulthood. We investigated the association of persistent physical inactivity from youth to adulthood with adult cardiometabolic risk factors. Data were drawn from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with seven follow-ups between 1980 and 2011 (baseline age 3-18 years, n = 1961). Physical activity data from a standardized questionnaire was expressed as a PA-index. Using the PA-index, four groups were formed: 1)persistently physically inactive (n = 246), 2)decreasingly active (n = 305), 3)increasingly active (n = 328), and 4)persistently active individuals (n = 1082). Adulthood cardiometabolic risk indicators included waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and fasting lipids, insulin, and glucose. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was defined using established criteria for metabolic syndrome. Persistently physically inactive group was used as a reference. Compared to the persistently physically inactive group, those who were persistently active had lower risk for adult clustered cardiometabolic risk (RR = 0.67;CI95% = 0.53-0.84; Harmonized criteria), obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2, RR = 0.76;CI95% = 0.59-0.98), high waist circumference (RR = 0.82;CI95% = 0.69-0.98), and high triglyceride (RR = 0.60;CI95% = 0.47-0.75), insulin (RR = 0.58;CI95% = 0.46-0.74) and glucose (RR = 0.77;CI95% = 0.62-0.96) concentrations as well as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentration (RR = 0.78;CI95% = 0.66-0.93). Comparable results were found when persistently physically inactive individuals were compared with those who increased PA. The results remained essentially similar after adjustment for education, diet, smoking, and BMI. Persistently physically inactive lifestyle since youth is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile in adulthood. Importantly, even minor increase in PA lowers the cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Kallio
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kristiina Pälve
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Helajärvi
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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32
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Mishra BH, Mishra PP, Raitoharju E, Marttila S, Mononen N, Sievänen H, Viikari J, Juonala M, Laaksonen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T. Modular genome-wide gene expression architecture shared by early traits of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis in the Young Finns Study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7111. [PMID: 33782480 PMCID: PMC8007808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analysed whole blood genome-wide expression data to identify gene co-expression modules shared by early traits of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Gene expression was profiled for the Young Finns Study participants. Bone mineral density and content were measured as early traits of osteoporosis. Carotid and bulbus intima media thickness were measured as early traits of atherosclerosis. Joint association of the modules, identified with weighted co-expression analysis, with early traits of the diseases was tested with multivariate analysis. Among the six modules significantly correlated with early traits of both the diseases, two had significant (adjusted p-values (p.adj) < 0.05) and another two had suggestively significant (p.adj < 0.25) joint association with the two diseases after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The three most significant member genes from the significant modules were NOSIP, GXYLT2, and TRIM63 (p.adj ≤ 0.18). Genes in the modules were enriched with biological processes that have separately been found to be involved in either bone metabolism or atherosclerosis. The gene modules and their most significant member genes identified in this study support the osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity hypothesis and can provide new joint biomarkers for both diseases and their dual prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Marttila
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Kresanov P, Mykkänen J, Ahotupa M, Ala-Korpela M, Juonala M, Kaikkonen J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Vasankari T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT. The associations of oxidized lipoprotein lipids with lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and their lipid compositions. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:225-232. [PMID: 33098999 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may promote atherosclerosis, whereas the reverse transport of oxidized lipids by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may contribute to atheroprotection. To provide insights into the associations of lipoprotein lipid oxidation markers with lipoprotein subclasses at the population level, we investigated the associations of oxidized HDL lipids (oxHDLlipids) and oxidized LDL lipids (oxLDLlipids) with lipoprotein subclasses in a population-based cross-sectional study of 1395 Finnish adults ages 24-39 years. METHODS The analysis of oxidized lipids was based on the determination of the baseline level of conjugated dienes in lipoprotein lipids. A high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform was used to quantify circulating lipoprotein subclass concentrations and analyze their lipid compositions. RESULTS OxHDLlipids were mainly not associated with lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and lipid composition after adjustment for Apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), waist circumference and age. OxLDLlipids were associated with several markers of lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and composition after adjustment for Apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), age and waist circumference. Several measures of HDL and LDL subclasses, including phospholipid and triglyceride composition, associated directly with oxLDLlipids. Cholesterol ester and free cholesterol composition in HDL and LDL associated inversely with oxLDLlipids. CONCLUSION We conclude that these results do not support the idea that HDL's particle size or composition would reflect its functional capacity in the reverse transport of oxidized lipids. On the contrary, oxLDLlipids were associated with the entire lipoprotein subclass profile, including numerous associations with the compositional descriptors of the particles. This is in line with the suggested role of LDL oxidation in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Kresanov
- From Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- From Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markku Ahotupa
- From Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jari Kaikkonen
- From Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, And Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland; The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- From Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Departments of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Hunjadi M, Lamina C, Kahler P, Bernscherer T, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Hurme M, Juonala M, Taittonen L, Laitinen T, Jokinen E, Tossavainen P, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari O, Ritsch A. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity is inversely associated with subclinical cardiovascular risk markers in young adults: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19223. [PMID: 33154477 PMCID: PMC7645719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherogenic process begins already in childhood and progresses to symptomatic condition with age. We investigated the association of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and vascular markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, young adults. CEC was determined in 2282 participants of the Young Finns study using cAMP treated 3H-cholesterol-labeled J774 cells. The CEC was correlated to baseline and 6-year follow-up data of cardiovascular risk factors and ultrasound measurements of arterial structure and function. CEC was higher in women, correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I, but not with LDL-C or apolipoprotein B. Compared to the lowest CEC quartile, the highest CEC quartile was significantly associated with high CRP levels and inversely associated with adiponectin. At baseline, high CEC was associated with decreased flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery distensibility, as well as an increased Young's modulus of elasticity, indicating adverse changes in arterial structure, and function. The association reversed with follow-up FMD data, indicating the interaction of preclinical parameters over time. A higher CEC was directly associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis at follow-up. In young and healthy subjects, CEC was associated with important lipid risk parameters at baseline, as in older patients and CAD patients, but inversely with early risk markers for subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hunjadi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Kahler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tamara Bernscherer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio, University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, PEDEGO Research Unit and MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Ritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shiri R, Halonen J, Serlachius A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Vahtera J, Viikari J, Lallukka T. Work participation and physicality of work in young adulthood and the development of unhealthy lifestyle habits and obesity later in life: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106526. [PMID: 33055175 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of early entry into the labour market and physicality of work in young adulthood on the development of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits later in life. METHODS This study is a part of the Young Finns Study. Entry into the labour market and physicality of work were measured at baseline, when participants were aged 18, 21, or 24 years in 1986 or 18 years in 1989. Follow-up of lifestyle habits were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2011. The outcomes were obesity (n=5558 observations), abdominal obesity (n=4060 observations), daily smoking (n=5628) and leisure time physical activity (n=5946) and analysed with generalised estimating equation. RESULTS Compared with sedentary work, physicality of work in young adulthood increased the odds of future obesity (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.74 for light/moderate work and OR=1.44, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.08 for heavy manual work (particularly in women OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.84)) and future smoking (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.30 for light/moderate work and OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.76 for heavy manual work (particularly in women OR=2.81, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.91)). For those who entered the labour market at ages 18-21 or younger, the odds of smoking was 1.85 times (95% CI 1.26 to 2.73) and that of obesity 1.45 times (95% CI 1.01 to 2.10) higher, and the rate of leisure time physical activity was 0.73 times (95% CI 0.58 to 0.93) lower compared with those who entered the labour market at ages 22-24 years. CONCLUSION Early entry into the labour market and physicality of work in young adulthood shape the development of obesity and unhealthy behaviours in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Halonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vogelezang S, Bradfield JP, Ahluwalia TS, Curtin JA, Lakka TA, Grarup N, Scholz M, van der Most PJ, Monnereau C, Stergiakouli E, Heiskala A, Horikoshi M, Fedko IO, Vilor-Tejedor N, Cousminer DL, Standl M, Wang CA, Viikari J, Geller F, Íñiguez C, Pitkänen N, Chesi A, Bacelis J, Yengo L, Torrent M, Ntalla I, Helgeland Ø, Selzam S, Vonk JM, Zafarmand MH, Heude B, Farooqi IS, Alyass A, Beaumont RN, Have CT, Rzehak P, Bilbao JR, Schnurr TM, Barroso I, Bønnelykke K, Beilin LJ, Carstensen L, Charles MA, Chawes B, Clément K, Closa-Monasterolo R, Custovic A, Eriksson JG, Escribano J, Groen-Blokhuis M, Grote V, Gruszfeld D, Hakonarson H, Hansen T, Hattersley AT, Hollensted M, Hottenga JJ, Hyppönen E, Johansson S, Joro R, Kähönen M, Karhunen V, Kiess W, Knight BA, Koletzko B, Kühnapfel A, Landgraf K, Langhendries JP, Lehtimäki T, Leinonen JT, Li A, Lindi V, Lowry E, Bustamante M, Medina-Gomez C, Melbye M, Michaelsen KF, Morgen CS, Mori TA, Nielsen TRH, Niinikoski H, Oldehinkel AJ, Pahkala K, Panoutsopoulou K, Pedersen O, Pennell CE, Power C, Reijneveld SA, Rivadeneira F, Simpson A, Sly PD, Stokholm J, Teo KK, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Uitterlinden AG, van Beijsterveldt CEM, van Schaik BDC, Vaudel M, Verduci E, Vinding RK, Vogel M, Zeggini E, Sebert S, Lind MV, Brown CD, Santa-Marina L, Reischl E, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Meyre D, Wheeler E, Ong K, Nohr EA, Vrijkotte TGM, Koppelman GH, Plomin R, Njølstad PR, Dedoussis GD, Froguel P, Sørensen TIA, Jacobsson B, Freathy RM, Zemel BS, Raitakari O, Vrijheid M, Feenstra B, Lyytikäinen LP, Snieder H, Kirsten H, Holt PG, Heinrich J, Widén E, Sunyer J, Boomsma DI, Järvelin MR, Körner A, Davey Smith G, Holm JC, Atalay M, Murray C, Bisgaard H, McCarthy MI, Jaddoe VWV, Grant SFA, Felix JF. Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008718. [PMID: 33045005 PMCID: PMC7581004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located near NEDD4L and SLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (Rg ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Vogelezang
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John A. Curtin
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Monnereau
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anni Heiskala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research–Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Loic Yengo
- University Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maties Torrent
- Area de Salut de Menorca ib-salut, Menorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saskia Selzam
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed H. Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Akram Alyass
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christian T. Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocrues-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Carstensen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bo Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities; systemic approaches research unit, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Pitie- Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique hôpital de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo
- Pediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joaquin Escribano
- Pediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Groen-Blokhuis
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Hollensted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Raimo Joro
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bridget A. Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kühnapfel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko T. Leinonen
- Institute For Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aihuali Li
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Virpi Lindi
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Estelle Lowry
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kim F. Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla S. Morgen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Insitute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenna R. H. Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalliope Panoutsopoulou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization, WHO Collaborating Centre for Children’s Health and Environment, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kook K. Teo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Barbera D. C. van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Vaudel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca K. Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mads V. Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher D. Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica-CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Subdirección Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Ong
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Ellen A. Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Koppelman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George D. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick G. Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute For Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Clare Murray
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Neonatal Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janine F. Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lipsanen J, Elovainio M, Hakulinen C, Tremblay MS, Rovio S, Lagström H, Jaakkola JM, Jula A, Rönnemaa T, Viikari J, Niinikoski H, Simell O, Raitakari OT, Pahkala K, Pulkki-Råback L. Temperament profiles are associated with dietary behavior from childhood to adulthood. Appetite 2020; 151:104681. [PMID: 32251766 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Temperament may be associated with eating behaviors over the lifespan. This study examined the association of toddlerhood temperament with dietary behavior and dietary intervention outcomes across 18 years. METHODS The study comprised 660 children (52% boys) from The Special Turku Intervention Project (STRIP), which is a longitudinal randomized controlled trial from the age of 7 months until the age of 20 years (1990-2010). Temperament was assessed using Carey temperament scales when the participants were 2 years of age. Latent profile analysis yielded three temperament groups, which were called negative/low regulation (19% of the children), neutral/average regulation (52%) and positive/high regulation (28%). Dietary behavior was examined from 2 to 20 years of age using food records, which were converted into a diet score (mean = 15.7, SD 4.6). Mixed random-intercept growth curve analysis was the main analytic method. RESULTS Dietary behavior showed a significant quadratic U-shaped curve over time (B for quadratic association = 0.39, P<.001; B for linear association = 0.09, P = 0.58). Children in the negative/low regulation temperament group had a lower diet score (less healthy diet) across the 18 years compared to children in the neutral/average or in the positive/high regulation group. Temperament was not associated with the rate of change in diet over time. Temperament did not have any interactive effects with the intervention (F [2, 627], P = 0.72). CONCLUSION Children with a temperament profile characterized by high negative mood, high irregularity and high intensity in emotion expression constitute a risk group for less healthy eating over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna M Jaakkola
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Pediatrics and AdolescentMedicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
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Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Hakulinen C, Pulkki-Råback L, Lipsanen J, Virtanen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O. The Contribution of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage to Depressive Symptoms Over the Course of Adult Life: A 32-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:679-689. [PMID: 32239174 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and increased risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood is well established. We tested 1) the contribution of early exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage to later depressive symptoms throughout life, 2) the persistence of the potential association between early exposure and depressive symptoms, and 3) the contributions of other known risk factors to the association. Data were collected from the Young Finns Study, a prospective, population-based 32-year follow-up study that included participants aged 3-18 years at baseline in 1980. Participants were followed up with repeated measurements of depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012 (n = 2,788) and linked to national grid data on neighborhood disadvantage via residential addresses. We examined the associations in mixed models separately for the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year follow-ups. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during childhood and adolescence was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms in adulthood during all follow-up periods (β = 0.07, P = 0.001) than living in a nondisadvantaged area. Individual adulthood socioeconomic status mediated the associations. These findings suggest that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area during childhood and adolescence has a long-lasting negative association with mental health irrespective of family-related risks, partially due to socioeconomic adversity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinicum Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center–Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center–Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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39
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Pussinen PJ, Paju S, Viikari J, Salminen A, Taittonen L, Laitinen T, Burgner D, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari O, Juonala M. Childhood Oral Infections Associate with Adulthood Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1165-1173. [PMID: 32479136 PMCID: PMC7443963 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520929271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic oral infection/inflammation is cross-sectionally associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, but there are few longitudinal studies and studies on childhood oral infections and adult MetS risk. We investigated whether childhood clinical parameters indicative of oral infection/inflammation were associated with adulthood MetS and its components. A total of 755 children aged 6, 9, and 12 y underwent a clinical oral examination in 1980 as part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Oral health measures included bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing pocket depth, caries, fillings, and visible plaque. Metabolic parameters were determined at baseline and during follow-up. MetS was diagnosed (n = 588, 77.9%) in the adulthood at 21 y (in 2001), 27 y (in 2007), and 31 y (in 2011) after the oral assessment, when the participants were 27 to 43 y old. Regression analyses were adjusted for childhood age, sex, body mass index, and family income, as well as adulthood smoking and education level. In adulthood, MetS was diagnosed in 11.9% (2001), 18.7% (2007), and 20.7% (2011) of participants at the 3 follow-ups. Childhood caries and fillings were associated with increased risk of adult MetS (risk ratio [95% CI], 1.25 [0.90 to 2.45] and 1.27 [1.02 to 1.99]) and with increased systolic blood pressure (1.78 [1.01 to 4.26] and 2.48 [1.11 to 4.12]) and waist circumference (2.25 [1.02 to 4.99] and 1.56 [1.01 to 3.25]), whereas BOP and visible plaque were associated with plasma glucose (1.97 [1.08 to 3.60] and 1.88 [1.00 to 3.53]). Severity of BOP (P = 0.015) and caries (P = 0.005) and teeth with plaque (P = 0.027) were associated with number of MetS components. No such trends were seen with probing pocket depth. Childhood oral infection/inflammation was associated with adverse metabolic parameters and MetS in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Viikari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - T Laitinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Kähönen
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - O Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Juonala
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Zheng Y, Huang T, Wang T, Mei Z, Sun Z, Zhang T, Ellervik C, Chai JF, Sim X, van Dam RM, Tai ES, Koh WP, Dorajoo R, Saw SM, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY, Gupta P, Rossing P, Ahluwalia TS, Vinding RK, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Wang Y, Graff M, Voortman T, van Rooij FJA, Hofman A, van Heemst D, Noordam R, Estampador AC, Varga TV, Enzenbach C, Scholz M, Thiery J, Burkhardt R, Orho-Melander M, Schulz CA, Ericson U, Sonestedt E, Kubo M, Akiyama M, Zhou A, Kilpeläinen TO, Hansen T, Kleber ME, Delgado G, McCarthy M, Lemaitre RN, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Wu Y, Mohlke KL, Lehtimäki T, Wang CA, Pennell CE, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Zeng L, Willenborg C, Peters A, Lieb W, Grote V, Rzehak P, Koletzko B, Erdmann J, Munz M, Wu T, He M, Yu C, Lecoeur C, Froguel P, Corella D, Moreno LA, Lai CQ, Pitkänen N, Boreham CA, Ridker PM, Rosendaal FR, de Mutsert R, Power C, Paternoster L, Sørensen TIA, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Djousse L, Rivadeneira F, Lee NR, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Langhendries JP, Escribano J, Verduci E, Dedoussis G, König I, Balkau B, Coltell O, Dallongeville J, Meirhaeghe A, Amouyel P, Gottrand F, Pahkala K, Niinikoski H, Hyppönen E, März W, Mackey DA, Gruszfeld D, Tucker KL, Fumeron F, Estruch R, Ordovas JM, Arnett DK, Mook-Kanamori DO, Mozaffarian D, Psaty BM, North KE, Chasman DI, Qi L. Mendelian randomization analysis does not support causal associations of birth weight with hypertension risk and blood pressure in adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:685-697. [PMID: 32383070 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies suggested that low birthweight was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in later life. However, little is known about the causality of such associations. In our study, we evaluated the causal association of low birthweight with adulthood hypertension following a standard analytic protocol using the study-level data of 183,433 participants from 60 studies (CHARGE-BIG consortium), as well as that with blood pressure using publicly available summary-level genome-wide association data from EGG consortium of 153,781 participants, ICBP consortium and UK Biobank cohort together of 757,601 participants. We used seven SNPs as the instrumental variable in the study-level analysis and 47 SNPs in the summary-level analysis. In the study-level analyses, decreased birthweight was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in adults (the odds ratio per 1 standard deviation (SD) lower birthweight, 1.22; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.28), while no association was found between genetically instrumented birthweight and hypertension risk (instrumental odds ratio for causal effect per 1 SD lower birthweight, 0.97; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.41). Such results were consistent with that from the summary-level analyses, where the genetically determined low birthweight was not associated with blood pressure measurements either. One SD lower genetically determined birthweight was not associated with systolic blood pressure (β = - 0.76, 95% CI - 2.45 to 1.08 mmHg), 0.06 mmHg lower diastolic blood pressure (β = - 0.06, 95% CI - 0.93 to 0.87 mmHg), or pulse pressure (β = - 0.65, 95% CI - 1.38 to 0.69 mmHg, all p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that the inverse association of birthweight with hypertension risk from observational studies was not supported by large Mendelian randomization analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institue, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zhendong Mei
- Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institue, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhonghan Sun
- Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institue, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Christina Ellervik
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Production, Research and Innovation, Region Zealand, Denmark.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.,COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca K Vinding
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela C Estampador
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, 21741, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, 21741, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Enzenbach
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilisation Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilisation Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilisation Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Copenhagen, Germany
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Willenborg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology and PopGen Biobank, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and PopGen Biobank, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum Der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum Der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum Der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Caizheng Yu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, CNRS UMR8199, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille Nord de France, CNRS UMR8199, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Colin A Boreham
- UCD Institute for Sport & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353K, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Luc Djousse
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines.,Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Joaquin Escribano
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Inke König
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie Und Statistik, Universität Zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, 94807, Villejuif, France.,University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMRS 1018, 78035, Versailles, France.,University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Computer Languages and Systems, University Jaume I, 12071, Castellon, Spain
| | | | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- INSERM U1286, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Physical Activity and Health, Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre For Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Frédéric Fumeron
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers UMR-S 1138, 75006, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- USDA ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, UK
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Hu T, Gall SL, Widome R, Bazzano LA, Burns TL, Daniels SR, Dwyer T, Ikonen J, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Prineas RJ, Raitakari O, Sinaiko AR, Steinberger J, Urbina EM, Venn A, Viikari J, Woo JG, Jacobs DR. Childhood/Adolescent Smoking and Adult Smoking and Cessation: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014381. [PMID: 32264731 PMCID: PMC7428613 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite declining US adolescent smoking prevalence from 40% among 12th graders in 1995 to around 10% in 2018, adolescent smoking is still a significant problem. Using the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium, which includes 7 international cohorts recruited in childhood and followed into adulthood, the present study was designed to confirm the important relation between adolescent smoking and daily adult smoking and present new data on adult smoking into the forties and comparison of smoking in the United States, Finland, and Australia. Methods and Results Childhood smoking experience during ages 6 to 19 in the 1970s and 1980s was classifiable in 6687 i3C participants who also provided smoking status in their twenties and forties through 2011–2018. Prevalence of daily smoking in their twenties was directly related to degree of smoking during adolescence and inversely related to the age at which that smoking experience occurred (P trend, <0.001). Similar patterns were observed for prediction of smoking during age forties. Among the 2465 smokers in their twenties, cessation by their forties was generally inverse to degree of smoking in ages 6 to 19 (P trend, <0.001). Prevalence of smoking during adolescence and adulthood was similar among US, Finnish, and Australian participants. Conclusions These long‐term follow‐up data show that smoking intensity increased throughout adolescence. Prevalence of adult smoking and cessation by the forties were both correlated with levels of childhood smoking intensity. These data lend support to preventive strategies designed to reduce, delay, or eliminate any youth access to cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Seana L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Oxford Martin School Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Ikonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Finland.,Division of Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology University of Tampere Finland
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- Division of Public Health Science Wake Forest University Winston-Salem NC
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Finland
| | - Alan R Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis MN
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis MN
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Finland.,Division of Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
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Kettunen J, Holmes MV, Allara E, Anufrieva O, Ohukainen P, Oliver-Williams C, Wang Q, Tillin T, Hughes AD, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Perola M, Smith GD, Chaturvedi N, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Butterworth AS, Ala-Korpela M. Correction: Lipoprotein signatures of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000694. [PMID: 32142508 PMCID: PMC7059900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mishra BH, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Hilvo M, Sievänen H, Juonala M, Laaksonen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Laaksonen R, Lehtimäki T. Lipidomic architecture shared by subclinical markers of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Bone 2020; 131:115160. [PMID: 31759205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are comorbid conditions sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Understanding these is crucial in order to develop shared methods for risk stratification, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to apply a system-level bioinformatics approach to lipidome-wide data in order to pinpoint the lipidomic architecture jointly associated with surrogate markers of these complex comorbid diseases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study was based on the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort from the 2007 follow-up (n = 1494, aged 30-45 years, women: 57%). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyse the serum lipidome, involving 437 molecular lipid species. The subclinical osteoporotic markers included indices of bone mineral density and content, measured using peripheral quantitative computer tomography from the distal and shaft sites of both the tibia and the radius. The subclinical atherosclerotic markers included carotid and bulbus intima media thickness measured with high-resolution ultrasound. Weighted co-expression network analysis was performed to identify networks of densely interconnected lipid species (i.e. lipid modules) associated with subclinical markers of both osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The levels of lipid species (lipid profiles) of each of the lipid modules were summarized by the first principal component termed as module eigenlipid. Then, Pearson's correlation (r) was calculated between the module eigenlipids and the markers. Lipid modules that were significantly and jointly correlated with subclinical markers of both osteoporosis and atherosclerosis were considered to be related to the comorbidities. The hypothesis that the eigenlipids and profiles of the constituent lipid species in the modules have joint effects on the markers was tested with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS Among twelve studied molecular lipid modules, we identified one module with 105 lipid species significantly and jointly associated with both subclinical markers of both osteoporosis (r = 0.24, p-value = 2 × 10-20) and atherosclerosis (r = 0.16, p-value = 2 × 10-10). The majority of the lipid species in this module belonged to the glycerolipid (n = 60), glycerophospholipid (n = 13) and sphingolipid (n = 29) classes. The module was also enriched with ceramides (n = 20), confirming their significance in cardiovascular outcomes and suggesting their joint role in the comorbidities. The top three of the 37 statistically significant (adjusted p-value < 0.05) lipid species jointly associated with subclinical markers of both osteoporosis and atherosclerosis within the module were all triacylglycerols (TAGs) - TAG(18:0/18:0/18:1) with an adjusted p-value of 8.6 × 10-8, TAG(18:0/18:1/18:1) with an adjusted p-value of 3.7 × 10-6, and TAG(16:0/18:0/18:1) with an adjusted p-value of 8.5 × 10-6. CONCLUSION This study identified a novel lipid module associated with both surrogate markers of both subclinical osteoporosis and subclinical atherosclerosis. Alterations in the metabolism of the identified lipid module and, more specifically, the TAG related molecular lipids within the module may provide potential new biomarkers for testing the comorbidities, opening avenues for the emergence of dual-purpose prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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44
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Kettunen J, Holmes MV, Allara E, Anufrieva O, Ohukainen P, Oliver-Williams C, Wang Q, Tillin T, Hughes AD, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Perola M, Davey Smith G, Chaturvedi N, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Butterworth AS, Ala-Korpela M. Lipoprotein signatures of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000572. [PMID: 31860674 PMCID: PMC6944381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition reduces vascular event risk, but confusion surrounds its effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Here, we clarify associations of genetic inhibition of CETP on detailed lipoprotein measures and compare those to genetic inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). We used an allele associated with lower CETP expression (rs247617) to mimic CETP inhibition and an allele associated with lower HMGCR expression (rs12916) to mimic the well-known effects of statins for comparison. The study consists of 65,427 participants of European ancestries with detailed lipoprotein subclass profiling from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Genetic associations were scaled to 10% reduction in relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We also examined observational associations of the lipoprotein subclass measures with risk of incident CHD in 3 population-based cohorts totalling 616 incident cases and 13,564 controls during 8-year follow-up. Genetic inhibition of CETP and HMGCR resulted in near-identical associations with LDL cholesterol concentration estimated by the Friedewald equation. Inhibition of HMGCR had relatively consistent associations on lower cholesterol concentrations across all apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. In contrast, the associations of the inhibition of CETP were stronger on lower remnant and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, but there were no associations on cholesterol concentrations in LDL defined by particle size (diameter 18–26 nm) (−0.02 SD LDL defined by particle size; 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.05 for CETP versus −0.24 SD, 95% CI −0.30 to −0.18 for HMGCR). Inhibition of CETP was strongly associated with lower proportion of triglycerides in all high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In observational analyses, a higher triglyceride composition within HDL subclasses was associated with higher risk of CHD, independently of total cholesterol and triglycerides (strongest hazard ratio per 1 SD higher triglyceride composition in very large HDL 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18–1.54). In conclusion, CETP inhibition does not appear to affect size-specific LDL cholesterol but is likely to lower CHD risk by lowering concentrations of other atherogenic, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (such as remnant and VLDLs). Inhibition of CETP also lowers triglyceride composition in HDL particles, a phenomenon reflecting combined effects of circulating HDL, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B-containing particles and is associated with a lower CHD risk in observational analyses. Our results reveal that conventional composite lipid assays may mask heterogeneous effects of emerging lipid-altering therapies. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein does not affect size-specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but may lower coronary heart disease risk by lowering cholesterol concentrations in other apolipoprotein-B containing atherogenic lipoproteins, and by lowering triglyceride content of high-density lipoprotein particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Allara
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Anufrieva
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pauli Ohukainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Clare Oliver-Williams
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Therese Tillin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D. Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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45
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Dwyer T, Viikari J, Sinaiko A, Burns T, Daniels S, Juonala M, Woo J, Urbina E, Steinberger J, Hu T, Raitakari O. In Memoriam for Gerald Berenson. Hypertension 2019; 73:936-937. [PMID: 30969859 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence Dwyer
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alan Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Trudy Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Stephen Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica Woo
- University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Elaine Urbina
- University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Tian Hu
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, the i3C Research Group
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46
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Niinisalo P, Raitakari OT, Kahonen M, Viikari J, Juonala M, Kaaja R. P3462IDO activity forecasts obesity in premenopausal females in 10-year follow-up study: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an intracellular enzyme that has an important immunomodulator function. Human inflammatory response promotes upregulation of IDO level in blood. This may lead to suppression of inflammation in atherosclerotic vessel wall and consequently may slow the progression of the disease. Previous studies have shown that IDO activity correlates with early signs of atherosclerosis especially in females but is not an atherosclerosis-specific marker.
Materials and methods
IDO levels were measured from females (n=544; age 24–39; weight 40.5–134.4 kg) in 2001 along with several risk factors for atherosclerosis. Follow-up risk factor measurements were performed in 2007 and 2011. Here we aimed to elucidate the relationship between IDO measurements from 2001 and several atherosclerotic risk factors from 2007 and 2011 by analyzing correlations and risk ratios from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study patient cohort.
Results
After age standardization, IDO correlated significantly with BMI (p=0.0008), waist (p=0.0009) and logarithmically modified triglycerides (p=0.0488) and CRP (p=0.0014) in female samples (n=434) from 2007. When female samples (n=384) from 2011 were examined, statistically significant correlations were discovered in BMI and Waist in both unadjusted (p<0.0001 and 0.0003, respectively) and age-adjusted analysis (p=0.0007 and 0.006, respectively). In contrast, only weak correlations were found in male samples. In risk ratio analysis IDO promoted obesity (RR=1.027, p=0.01) in females (n=431) in 10-year follow-up study even after the data was adjusted for age, CRP and BMI.
Conclusions
It is concluded that IDO activity forecasts obesity – a well-characterized risk factor for diabetes and atherosclerosis – in premenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O T Raitakari
- The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kahonen
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Viikari
- The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - M Juonala
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - R Kaaja
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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47
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Oksman E, Rosenström T, Gluschkoff K, Saarinen A, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Associations Between Early Childcare Environment and Different Aspects of Adulthood Sociability: The 32-Year Prospective Young Finns Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2060. [PMID: 31551890 PMCID: PMC6746937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociability is a widely studied trait that has been linked both with individual well- and ill-being. Although early childcare has been shown to affect social competence in children, its role in the development of different aspects of adulthood sociability is poorly understood. Using a longitudinal population-based sample (N = 464), this study investigated whether childcare arrangements at ages 3 or 6 are associated with self-reported adulthood sociability at ages 20 to 35 years. A total of five aspects of sociability were measured using three well-established personality inventories (EAS, NEO-FFI, and TCI). Multilevel modeling was applied to examine the association between early care and adulthood sociability, adjusting for several sources of random variation (between-individual variance, within-individual variance between measurement times, variance between used sociability indicators, and error variance that cannot be attributed to the previously mentioned) and potential confounders (disruptive behavior in childhood, parental socio-economic status, parent–child relationship quality, maternal age, and the number of children in the family). Based on our results, in comparison to home care, family daycare and center-based daycare at age 3 and center-based daycare at age 6 were associated with higher sociability later in life. The association was strongest for aspects of sociability that emphasize the willingness to be surrounded by other people and to be attached to them. In other words, characteristics of early care may contribute uniquely to the development of these aspects of sociability with effects that persist into adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Oksman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kia Gluschkoff
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Tuomas Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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48
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Huang T, Wang T, Zheng Y, Ellervik C, Li X, Gao M, Fang Z, Chai JF, Ahluwalia TVS, Wang Y, Voortman T, Noordam R, Frazier-Wood A, Scholz M, Sonestedt E, Akiyama M, Dorajoo R, Zhou A, Kilpeläinen TO, Kleber ME, Crozier SR, Godfrey KM, Lemaitre R, Felix JF, Shi Y, Gupta P, Khor CC, Lehtimäki T, Wang CA, Tiesler CMT, Thiering E, Standl M, Rzehak P, Marouli E, He M, Lecoeur C, Corella D, Lai CQ, Moreno LA, Pitkänen N, Boreham CA, Zhang T, Saw SM, Ridker PM, Graff M, van Rooij FJA, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, van Heemst D, Rosendaal FR, de Mutsert R, Burkhardt R, Schulz CA, Ericson U, Kamatani Y, Yuan JM, Power C, Hansen T, Sørensen TIA, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Delgado G, Cooper C, Djousse L, Rivadeneira F, Jameson K, Zhao W, Liu J, Lee NR, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Grote V, Langhendries JP, Koletzko B, Escribano J, Verduci E, Dedoussis G, Yu C, Tham YC, Lim B, Lim SH, Froguel P, Balkau B, Fink NR, Vinding RK, Sevelsted A, Bisgaard H, Coltell O, Dallongeville J, Gottrand F, Pahkala K, Niinikoski H, Hyppönen E, Pedersen O, März W, Inskip H, Jaddoe VWV, Dennison E, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C, Tai ES, Mohlke KL, Mackey DA, Gruszfeld D, Deloukas P, Tucker KL, Fumeron F, Bønnelykke K, Rossing P, Estruch R, Ordovas JM, Arnett DK, Meirhaeghe A, Amouyel P, Cheng CY, Sim X, Teo YY, van Dam RM, Koh WP, Orho-Melander M, Loeffler M, Kubo M, Thiery J, Mook-Kanamori DO, Mozaffarian D, Psaty BM, Franco OH, Wu T, North KE, Davey Smith G, Chavarro JE, Chasman DI, Qi L. Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1910915. [PMID: 31539074 PMCID: PMC6755534 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Observational studies have shown associations of birth weight with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycemic traits, but it remains unclear whether these associations represent causal associations. OBJECTIVE To test the association of birth weight with T2D and glycemic traits using a mendelian randomization analysis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This mendelian randomization study used a genetic risk score for birth weight that was constructed with 7 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The associations of this score with birth weight and T2D were tested in a mendelian randomization analysis using study-level data. The association of birth weight with T2D was tested using both study-level data (7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as an instrumental variable) and summary-level data from the consortia (43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as an instrumental variable). Data from 180 056 participants from 49 studies were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits. RESULTS This mendelian randomization analysis included 49 studies with 41 155 patients with T2D and 80 008 control participants from study-level data and 34 840 patients with T2D and 114 981 control participants from summary-level data. Study-level data showed that a 1-SD decrease in birth weight due to the genetic risk score was associated with higher risk of T2D among all participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.69-2.61; P = 4.03 × 10-5), among European participants (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.42-2.71; P = .04), and among East Asian participants (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.62; P = .04). Similar results were observed from summary-level analyses. In addition, each 1-SD lower birth weight was associated with 0.189 SD higher fasting glucose concentration (β = 0.189; SE = 0.060; P = .002), but not with fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, or hemoglobin A1c concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, a genetic predisposition to lower birth weight was associated with increased risk of T2D and higher fasting glucose concentration, suggesting genetic effects on retarded fetal growth and increased diabetes risk that either are independent of each other or operate through alterations of integrated biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Research and Innovation Region Zealand, Region Zealand, Denmark
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tarun Veer S Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexis Frazier-Wood
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Markus Scholz
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Masato Akiyama
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ang Zhou
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rozenn Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuan Shi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carol A Wang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carla M T Tiesler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meian He
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- United States Department of Agriculture Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luis A Moreno
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Growth Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Colin A Boreham
- UCD Institute for Sport & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Djousse
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karen Jameson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Joaquin Escribano
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Caizheng Yu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Blanche Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing Hui Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
- University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
- University Paris Sud 11, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia R Fink
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca K Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sevelsted
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- INSERM U995, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU-Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Panagiotis Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD) King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
| | - Frédéric Fumeron
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- United States Department of Agriculture Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional Investigación, Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Markus Loeffler
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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49
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Karjalainen JP, Mononen N, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki M, Hilvo M, Kauhanen D, Juonala M, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Laaksonen R, Lehtimäki T. New evidence from plasma ceramides links apoE polymorphism to greater risk of coronary artery disease in Finnish adults. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1622-1629. [PMID: 31270131 PMCID: PMC6718445 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
apoE, a key regulator of plasma lipids, mediates altered functionalities in lipoprotein metabolism and thus affects the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The significance of different apoE polymorphisms remains unclear; although the ε4 allele is clearly associated with increased cholesterol levels (which inform CAD risk), direct studies about apoE polymorphisms on CAD risk and development have yielded controversial results. Furthermore, certain species of ceramides-complex lipids abundant in plasma LDL-are markers of increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Using a high-throughput MS approach, we quantified 30 molecular plasma ceramide species from a cohort of 2,160 apoE-genotyped (rs7412, rs429358) young adults enrolled in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. We then searched this lipidome data set to identify new indications of pathways influenced by apoE polymorphisms and possibly related to CAD risk. This approach revealed a previously unreported association between apoE polymorphism and a consistently documented high-risk CAD marker, Cer(d18:1/16:0). Compared with the apoE ε3/3 reference group, plasma levels of apoE ε4 were elevated and those of apoE ε2 were lowered in all subjects without evidence of apoE-by-sex interactions. apoE associated with seven ceramides that are connected to atherogenically potent macrophages and/or lipoprotein particles; these associations could indicate a plausible linkage between apoE polymorphism and ceramide metabolism, leading to adverse plasma LDL metabolism and atherogenesis. In conclusion, new evidence from plasma ceramides links apoE polymorphism with an increased risk of CAD and extends our understanding of the role of apoE in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho-Pekka Karjalainen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Miikael Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy Espoo, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Finnish Clinical Biobank, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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50
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Cuthbertson DJ, Brown E, Koskinen J, Magnussen CG, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sabin M, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Longitudinal analysis of risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adulthood. Liver Int 2019; 39:1147-1154. [PMID: 30347485 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to determine how childhood body mass index and metabolic health, along with the change in body mass index between childhood and adulthood, determine the risk of adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS Data from 2020 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline, followed up 31 years later, were examined to assess the utility of four childhood metabolic phenotypes (Metabolic Groups I: normal body mass index, no metabolic disturbances; II: normal body mass index, one or more metabolic disturbances; III: overweight/obese, no metabolic disturbances; IV: overweight/obese, one or more metabolic disturbances) and four life-course adiposity phenotypes (Adiposity Group 1: normal child and adult body mass index; 2, high child, normal adult body mass index; 3, normal child body mass index, high adult body mass index; 4, high child and adult body mass index) in predicting adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. RESULTS The risk for adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was similar across all four groups after adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors and adult body mass index. Risk of adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was not increased among individuals overweight/obese in childhood but non-obese in adulthood. In contrast, overweight or obese adults, irrespective of their youth body mass index status, had ~eight-fold to 10-fold increased risk (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Childhood overweight/obesity, not metabolic health, is associated with increased risk for adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the increased risk associated with childhood overweight/obesity can be largely removed by obtaining a normal body mass index by adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Brown
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juha Koskinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Kymenlaakson keskussairaala, Kotka, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matthew Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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