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Chen XJ, Liu DX, Huang KL, Ji Q, Dong R, Guo HM. [Interpretation of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert consensus document: coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure in 2021]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:2825-2830. [PMID: 34587723 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210525-01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An expert consensus on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) was released by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery in May 2021, which contains a vast array of perioperative recommendations. During preoperative period, a comprehensive assessment on ICM including myocardial viability and valve function by a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach should be performed. In terms of intraoperative period, multiple arterial conduits and on-pump CABG using cold blood cardioplegia should be considered, meanwhile, other aspects involving concomitant management of mitral valve regurgitation and arrythmia, as well as active use of mechanical cardiac assist devices (e.g., intra-aortic balloon pump) should also be achieved. Finally, a range of postoperative interventions which includes standardized MDT management in intensive care unit (ICU), continuous use of cardiac assist devices, cardiac pacing, close follow-up within 90 days and drug treatment strictly guided by the guidelines after discharge from hospital should be conducted. The above-mentioned perioperative bundled care might reduce perioperative complications and operative mortality, and thus improve the prognosis of the patients with ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan First Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - D X Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - K L Huang
- Cardiac Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Q Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - R Dong
- Department of Surgical Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijng Anzhen Hospital, Beijng 100029, China
| | - H M Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Tang WQ, Huang KL, Shi YL, Lü GL, Zhang WW, Lü S, Liu J, Huang WJ, Jiang ZH. [Survey of Oncomelania hupensis in national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2019]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:205-208. [PMID: 34008370 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the assessment of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and the scientific formulation of the schistosomiasis surveillance strategy. METHODS From 2015 to 2019, a total of 19 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, including 4 fixed sites and 15 mobile sites. Snail survey was performed by means of systematic sampling in combination with environmental sampling, and the infection of Schistosoma japonicum was detected by the crushing method combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, snail habitats were detected at areas of 17 040 to 39 527 m2, including 6 214 m2 emerging snail habitats and 16 563 m2 re-emerging snail habitats. The overall mean density of living snails was 0.019 2 snails/0.1 m2 and the occurrence of frames with snails was 1.11% in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites; however, no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails. The area of snail habitats increased by 121.46% in the national surveillance sites in 2019 as compared to that in 2015; however, 50.34% (Z = -0.422, P > 0.05) and 42.85% (χ2 = 130.41, P < 0.01) reductions were seen in the overall means density of living snails and the occurrence of frames with snails. All snail habitats were distributed in the 4 fixed surveillance sites, and were mainly found in ditches, paddy fields and dry lands, with weeds as the primary vegetation type. CONCLUSIONS There are still risk factors leading to re-emergent transmission of schistosomiasis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, such as local snail spread, and the monitoring of schistosomiasis remains to be reinforced to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Tang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - K L Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - Y L Shi
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - G L Lü
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - W W Zhang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - S Lü
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - J Liu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - W J Huang
- Jingxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Z H Jiang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
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Chen XJ, Zheng BS, Zhang Y, Qiao CH, Cao Y, Liu DB, Wei X, Ling YP, Li WD, Huang KL, Wu Z, Yu C, Zhou JW, Guo HP, Hu MS, Guo NR, Yang WK, Lu HH, Meng ZL. [Mid-term multi-center outcomes of bilateral radial artery as conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:1069-1074. [PMID: 30982254 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.14.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of bilateral radial artery (BRA) grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: All perioperative medical records and follow-up results of CABG with BRA grafts in multi-centers of China were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 211 patients (170 males and 41 females) underwent CABG grafting with BRA conduits between August 2013 and September 2018, with a mean age of (56.5±9.7) years old (rang 41 to 73 years). There were 161 cases of triple-vessel disease and 50 cases of two-vessel disease. Ninety patients had diabetes mellitus (DM), 35 patients with peripheral vascular disease, 4 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 11 with heart valve disease. Two patients underwent off-pump CABG and 209 patients accepted on-pump CABG with commitment valve surgery. There were 210 cases of total arterial revascularization and 161 cases using left thoracic artery conduits, with a graft number of 2-4 (2.7±0.9). No operation-related death occurred, atrial fibrillation happened in 12 patients, hemothorax in 7 cases, and forearm hematoma in one case, hypoxemia in 13 cases and pneumonia in one case. The duration of mechanical ventilation was (8.3±4.7) hours and the mean hospital length of stay was (7.1±2.9) days. Follow-up was completed in 191 patients (90.52%) with a duration of 3-59 (35.5±9.3) months. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction at 3 months after operation was significantly improved, compared to that of the pre-operation (61.0%±7.2% vs 47.1%±5.3%, P=0.017). All patients survived, except that one died from brain injury. No major cardiac events occurred, with a cumulative survival rate of 100% at 1 year and 99.53% at 3 year after operation, respectively. It was showed in coronary CT angiography (CTA) examination that all grafts in 132 patients were patent at the mean follow-up duration of (21.5±6.4) months. Conclusions: BRA grafts as arterial conduit in CABG are proved to be safe, easy for total arterial revascularization and have good mid-term clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan First Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - B S Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100059, China
| | - C H Qiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - D B Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - X Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Y P Ling
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W D Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - K L Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - J W Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - H P Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Handan First Hospital, Handan 056002, China
| | - M S Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - N R Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yuncheng First Hospital, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - W K Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - H H Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Medicine, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Z L Meng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
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Li J, Huang KL, Zhang T, Li H, Zhao J, Wang H. Pan-cancer methylation and expression profiling of adenocarcinomas revealed epigenetic silencing in the WNT signaling pathway. Neoplasma 2019; 63:208-14. [PMID: 26774141 DOI: 10.4149/205_150601n306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas are tumors of glandular characteristics. While tissues of common origins have been known to undergo similar epigenetic changes, it is unclear whether adenocarcinomas of different cancer types would exhibit similar DNA methylation and epigenetic regulation profiles. Herein, we studied global methylation and mRNA expression levels in 1214 lung, prostate, colon, and rectal cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 602 candidate epigenetically silenced genes shared across these cancer types, and 835 associated CpG sites. The shared candidate genes are enriched in developmental processes. Specifically, 15 of these genes were found in the WNT signaling pathway (enrichment test p-value=1.53x10-6). Notably, the subset of silenced WNT pathway genes in each sample may be different, and both WNT activating or inhibiting genes could be suppressed. Clustering analysis showed that each tumor type contained a similar hyper-methylated subset of samples showing strong epigenetic silencing in the WNT pathway genes, and other fractions of samples expressing subset of the genes. Overall, our results showed that aberration in epigenetic regulation of the WNT signaling pathway is a common signature in adenocarcinomas.
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Huang KL, Huang CC, Lee TJ, Huang CC. An isolated intracranial mucocoele herniated from the frontal sinus. B-ENT 2015; 11:245-247. [PMID: 26601560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucocoeles are chronic mucosa-lined retention cysts that occur due to sinus ostium obstruction and expand along the path of least resistance, most commonly involving the frontal sinus. A frontal mucocoele typically appears as a smooth and rounded expansile enlargement of a completely opacified frontal sinus, with or without thinning of the bony wall of the sinus. Here we report a rare case of isolated intracranial mucocoele that presented with posterior herniation to the anterior cranial fossa through a small bony defect on the posterior table of the frontal sinus. The findings upon imaging could easily be confused with intracranial abscess, potentially leading to craniotomy drainage. In the present case of mucocoele, the frontal intracranial lesion was completely resolved following endoscopic frontal sinusotomy.
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Chang DC, Lee JT, Lo CP, Fan YM, Huang KL, Kang BH, Hsieh HL, Chen SY. Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorates delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome of carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2010; 37:23-33. [PMID: 20369650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) is characterized by mental impairment, motor dysfunction, dementia, or psychosis that develops between a few days and weeks after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. One possible mechanism responsible for CO-mediated encephalopathy involves oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation, caused by the cellular uptake of CO and which leads to an inflammatory cascade. There is no current effective treatment for DNS. We applied 8-40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) to patients with DNS and evaluated its effectiveness. METHODS After admission, all patients were administered piracetam or bromocriptine, or both, and received HBO2. Neuropsychiatric tests included EEG, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), brain MRI, event-related potential (ERP), and brain perfusion scan (brain SPECT). Results of these tests were compared before and after HBO2, and the clinical features were monitored during this period. RESULTS The symptoms of DNS for all patients improved significantly after HBOT. Although white matter changes remained evident in the brain MRI scans, other examinations such as EEG, MMSE, ERP, and 99mTc-ECD brain SPECT were nearly normal after HBOT. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HBO2 decreases the severity of impairment in patients with DNS. Although a large randomized trial is required to address the efficacy of this therapy, therapeutic application of HBO2 may be recommended in patients with DNS after CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chu Shang Show Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chang CW, Lin M, Wu SY, Hsieh CH, Liu RS, Wang SJ, Huang KL, Chen CH, Wang HE. A high yield robotic synthesis of 9-(4-[18F]-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG) and 9-[3-[18F]fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine([18F] FHPG) for gene expression imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 65:57-63. [PMID: 16916606 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an automated synthesis of 9-(4-[(18)F]-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([(18)F]FHBG) and 9-[(3-[(18)F]fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([(18)F]FHPG) using a Scanditronix Anatech RB III robotic system. [(18)F]HF was produced via (18)O(p, n)(18)F using a Scanditronix MC17F cyclotron. On average, a typical run produced [(18)F]FHBG and [(18)F]FHPG with an uncorrected radiochemical yield of 19% and 16%, respectively, at end of synthesis (EOS) from irradiation of 95% enriched [(18)O]water. The total synthesis time was 80 min. The retention time of [(18)F]FHBG and [(18)F]FHPG (the radio-peak) was 3.9 and 4.0 min, respectively, which was consistent with the [(19)F]FHBG and [(19)F]FHPG ultraviolet peak. The radiochemical purity was greater than 97%. A robotic, automated method for [(18)F]FHBG and [(18)F]FHPG radiosynthesis is therefore feasible. The radiation burden for the operator can be reduced as much as possible. Sufficient radioactivities of [(18)F]FHBG and [(18)F]FHPG could be obtained for non-invasive monitoring the expression of transfected gene in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Chang
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, 2nd Sec., Li-Nong St., Taipei, Taiwan
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Jiao FP, Huang KL, Ning FR, Hu WG, Yu JG. Chromatographic Separation of Naproxen Enantiomers using Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin as Chiral Mobile Phase Additive. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390600674885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer derived from chitin with potential therapeutic applications such as controlled drug delivery to mucosal-epithelial surfaces in the body. Inhaled chitosan microparticles (CM), for example, are of potential interest in pulmonary pharmacotherapy. In this context, we examine some basic reactions of lung tissue to CM. Inhaled CM (2-10 mg/kg of particles) induce dose-dependent proinflammatory effects in rat lungs; these effects are documented in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein (BALF-P) and lactate dehydrogenase activity (BALF-LDH) and increases in lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and leukocyte migration. Overall, the biochemical parameters (i.e., average of BALF-P, BALF-DH, and MPO) indicate that the inflammation response is 1.8-fold greater than controls without CM; the same inflammation parameters, however, are 1.9-fold lower with CM compared with the proinflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytological examination of BALF shows a large infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to lung tissue: more than a sixfold increase in this population of inflammatory cells, after inhalation of CM relative to air inhalation controls. Thus, the results indicate that inhaled CM can have significant proinflammatory effects on lung tissues; these effects are mild relative to LPS but need to be considered in the context of therapeutic applications via pulmonary delivery if such concentrations of CM are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, University of National Defense, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Huang KL, Holsen TM, Chou TC, Yang MC. The use of air fuel cell cathodes to remove contaminants from spent chromium plating solutions. Environ Technol 2004; 25:39-49. [PMID: 15027648 DOI: 10.1080/09593330409355436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Results from experiments using an impregnation-reduction (I-R) Pt / Nafion membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in an air fuel cell cathode to remove contaminants (Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III)) from spent chromium electroplating baths are presented in this study. A platinum-carbon (Pt-C) / Nafion MEA and a Pb planar cathode were also used for comparison. The average removal rates of Cu(II) and Ni(II) were almost the same (0.39 and 0.40 mM hr(-1) (or 0.117 and 0.12 mmol hr(-1)), respectively) but higher than that of Fe(III) (0.16 mM hr(-1), or 0.048 mmol hr(-1)) in accordance with the Nernst-Planck flux equation. The removal rates for the same cation were independent of the cathode used. The average removal rate of each impurity was approximately proportional to the product of its initial concentration and separator area/anolyte volume ratio using Pb cathodes. Under constant current conditions the system using the Pt-C / Nafion cathode needed the highest cell voltage, about 3 V more than needed for the system with the Pt / Nafion cathode. The cell voltage required using the Pt / Nafion cathode was similar to that using the conventional planar Pb cathode. Analyses of cathode deposits by SEM/EDS and XPS techniques indicated they were minimal on the Pb and Pt / Nafion cathode and more apparent on the Pt-C / Nafion cathode. The primary deposits on the Pb cathode were chromium oxides (e.g., Cr2O3) with minor amount of lead chromate (lead dichromate or lead trichromate) and other chromium solids (Cr black). As expected, the dominant deposit on the lead anode surface was PbO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Center of General Education, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
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Kang BH, Wan FJ, Chen TC, Huang KL, Tseng CJ. Hyperbaric oxygen increases the lung's susceptibility to inhaled lipopolysaccharide in mice. Lung 2002; 180:105-17. [PMID: 12172903 DOI: 10.1007/s004080000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) has been shown to inhibit the adhesion function of beta(2)-integrin, which is important in mediating cell-to-cell adhesion and extravasation of inflammatory cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of HBO2 exposure on neutrophil infiltration and tissue injury in a model of acute lung inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. Male C57BL/6 mice of 8 weeks old were exposed to 3 atmosphere absolute (ATA) 100% HBO2, 3 ATA hyperbaric air (HBA), or room air for 90 min. After exposure, they were exposed to aerosolized LPS solution (1 mg/ml) or saline in a plexiglass chamber for 10 min. Four hours after inhalation, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to determine protein concentration, LDH activity, total cells, and differential cell counts in the lavage fluid (BALF). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) content, lung histopathology, and plasma nitric oxide (NO) metabolite concentrations were also determined in separate sets of animals. We observed that LPS inhalation increased neutrophil number in the BALF, which was significantly inhibited by HBO2 but not HBA pre-exposure. However, MPO content in the lung was prominently increased by HBO2 pre-exposure, which correlated with increased PMN infiltration in lung tissues. Further, HBO2 plus LPS, but not saline inhalation caused a significant increase in the BALF protein level and LDH activity compared with that of LPS inhalation alone. LPS exposure induced significant increase in plasma NO metabolites, which was not potentiated by HBO2 pre-exposure. The inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, significantly attenuated the increases in plasma NO metabolites and tissue MPO content as well as lung injuries. In summary, our data suggest that HBO2 pre-exposure increases the lung's susceptibility to inhaled LPS, which may be related to increased tissue neutrophil infiltration and dependent on interaction(s) between HBO2 exposure with LPS-induced nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Kang
- Institute of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Minchuan Road, Section 6, PO BOX 90048-516, Taipei, Taiwan 114, Republic of China. bhk@
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Hiramatsu M, Ii K, Okubo H, Huang KL, Huang CW. Biogeography and origin of Lilium longiflorum and L. formosanum (Liliaceae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan as determined by allozyme diversity. Am J Bot 2001; 88:1230-1239. [PMID: 11454623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Allozyme diversity on 13 isozyme loci was investigated for two bulbous species, Lilium longiflorum and L. formosanum, endemic to the subtropical archipelago of continental origin located in East Asia. Degrees of allozyme variability and divergence for L. longiflorum were very high for insular endemic species, indicating relatively longtime persistence of the present widespread distribution across many islands in this phenotypically little-changed species. Lilium formosanum exhibited rather lower variability and divergence than did L. longiflorum and was genetically close to the southern peripheral populations of L. longiflorum with 0.978 as its highest genetic identity value. Combined with other biological and insular geohistorical information, our results suggest that L. longiflorum was established around the end of the Pliocene when the current distribution area was still a continuous part of the ancient Asian continent, and L. formosanum was derived from southern populations of L. longiflorum around the late Pleistocene when the mainland of Taiwan was completely separated from the adjacent islands and the main continent. Depauperization of allozyme variability in some L. longiflorum populations was found on islands with lower altitudes. This reflects bottleneck effects after the complete or almost complete submergence of such low islands during the archipelago's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Kasuya 811-2307 Japan
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Huang KL, Chow WK, Peng YC. Endoscopic stenting in the treatment of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:209-14. [PMID: 11458758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile leakage is one of the most common complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery, and biliary decompression is a key factor in treatment. We retrospectively investigated 6 patients with bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy who were treated with endoscopic stent. METHODS From March 1995 to May 1999, six patients (4 men and 2 women) aged 30-64 years (mean, 51 years) with bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Biliary stent (10 French, 6-10 cm) placement with (n = 4) or without (n = 2) sphincterotomy was attempted. The symptoms, results and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS The interval from operation to presentation of bile leakage ranged from 1 to 10 days. Bile leakage was detected from cystic duct stump in 5 patients (83%) and from right IHD in 1 patient (17%). Plastic stent placement was successfully in all patients. Endoscopic stenting healed bile leakage successfully in 5 cases (83%). One patient required surgical correction due to persistent bile leakage. The mean duration between stent placement and cessation of bile leakage was 6.8 days (range 1 to 24 days). CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic stenting is a safe, rapid and effective treatment for bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chen YM, Huang KL, Jen I, Chen SC, Liu YC, Chuang YC, Wong JC, Tsai JJ, Lan YC. Temporal trends and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in Taiwan from 1988 to 1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 26:274-82. [PMID: 11242201 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200103010-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eight hundred and seventy-nine HIV-1-infected patients (comprising 46% of reported HIV-1/AIDS cases in Taiwan) were recruited for this study of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Taiwan from 1988 to 1998. HIV-1 subtypes were determined using a modified peptide-enzyme immunoassay complemented with DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the 807 HIV-1 infected men, 68.2% were infected with HIV-1B, 29.5% with HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF)01_AE and 2.3% with other subtypes. Of the 72 HIV-1-infected women, 72.2% were infected with HIV-1 CRF01_AE, 13.9% with HIV-1B, and 13.9% with other subtypes. All of 8 foreign-born, Southeast Asian women and 6 of 7 (85.7%) Taiwan-native female commercial sex workers were infected with HIV-1 CRF01_AE. Fourteen of the 33 (42.4%) heterosexual married men with CRF01_AE had transmitted HIV-1 to their wives, whereas only 1 of 17 (5.9%) men with HIV-1 B had transmitted HIV-1 to their spouses (p < .01). Of 18 heterosexual male injecting drug users, 1 of 12 (8.5%) with HIV-1B and 5 of 6 (83.3%) with HIV-1 CRF01_AE had had sexual contact with female commercial sex workers (p < .01). Therefore, in this population, CRF01_AE was preferentially associated with heterosexual risk groups, a finding compatible with differences in transmission capability between B and non-B subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Abstract
While seizure attack is one of the serious complications during the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, there is still no direct evidence showing that HBO can induce neuronal damage in the brain. The objective of this study was first to investigate whether HBO would lead to neurotoxicity in the primary rat cortical culture. Second, since alterations in neurotransmitters have been suggested in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity, the protective effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition on the HBO-induced neuronal damage were examined. The results showed that HBO exposure to 6 atmosphere absolute pressure (ATA) for 30, 60, and 90 min increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium in a time-dependent manner. Accordingly, the cell survival, measured by the 3,(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, was decreased after HBO exposure. Pretreatment with the NMDA antagonist MK-801 protected the cells against the HBO-induced damage. The protective effect was also noted in the cells pretreated with L-N(G)-nitro-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor. Thus, our results suggest that activation of NMDA receptors and production of NO play a role in the neurotoxicity produced by hyperbaric oxygen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Institute of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, ROC, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
The long-term effect of d-amphetamine (AMPH) on the induction of oxidative stress was examined in vivo in the rat brain. In this study, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were used as the index of the hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation, respectively. The levels of 2,3-DHBA, MDA and dopamine (DA) in striatal homogenates were examined 7 days following injection of a single large dose of AMPH (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats pretreated with desipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an agent that inhibits the metabolism of AMPH. Our results showed that 2,3-DHBA and MDA levels were significantly increased by AMPH, whereas DA and its metabolites, DOPAC and HVA were depleted in the striatum. Pretreatment with the glutamate NMDA receptor subtype antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the increases of 2,3-DHBA and MDA, and provided partial protection against the long-lasting loss of DA produced by AMPH. Overall, the results demonstrate that AMPH could induce sustained production of free radical and oxidative damage, and lead to DA terminal degeneration in the striatum of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Wan
- Institute of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-516, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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17
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Abstract
We describe a patient with polymyositis receiving corticosteroid therapy, who presented with persistent fever and mass lesion at the left thigh. Surgical exploration and mycobacterial culture proved to be Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection involving the semitendinous muscle of the left thigh. Suitable surgical debridement, anti-TB medications, and sufficient corticosteroid administration resulted in a good control of both polymyositis and the tuberculous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Tiawan, ROC
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Department of Medicine, San Bernardino County Medical Center, California 92415, USA
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19
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Huang KL, Lee HC, Huang GB, Lin TF, Niu KC, Liou SH, Lin YC. Diving pattern and work schedule of construction well divers in Taiwan. Undersea Hyperb Med 1998; 25:99-109. [PMID: 9670435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Construction well divers in Taiwan reportedly suffer a high prevalence of dysbaric osteonecrosis. We studied five divers working at the same construction site. We recorded their diving methods, diving depths, bottom times, work patterns, water temperatures, and heart rates. We also monitored gas bubbles in the subclavian vein in selected dives. A crude but effective hot-water system protected divers against hypothermia and allowed them to work in 24 degrees-27 degrees C water. Divers worked approximately 6.6 h a day and progressed approximately 3.0 m a day while excavating an average of 148 buckets of sand and rock each weighing 49.5 kg. The divers sustained a heart rate increase of 49%. Sixty percent of their equivalent single dive bottom times exceeded the U.S. Navy's no-decompression limits. Two cases of venous bubbles were detected, and one of these divers showed symptoms of decompression sickness. The prolonged bottom time and lack of a decompression schedule probably contributed to a risk of decompression sickness and dysbaric osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Institute of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Hsu K, Huang KL, Wang D, Hsu CS, Chiang CH. Dibutyryl cAMP prevents increased vascular permeability caused by air embolism in isolated rat lungs. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997; 68:802-6. [PMID: 9293348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Venous gas bubbles are routinely detected in astronauts undergoing extravehicular activities at lower suit pressure. Venous air embolism increases the pulmonary arterial pressure and the vascular permeability leading to acute lung injury. In the present study we evaluated the protective effect of dibutyryl cAMP, aminophylline, and pentoxifylline on the pulmonary vasculatures after air embolism. METHOD In isolated and perfused rat lungs, we induced air embolism by introducing air bubbles into the pulmonary artery. We measured the pulmonary arterial pressures and capillary pressure. Vascular permeability was determined by measuring the filtration coefficient (Kf) and the protein concentration in the lung lavage fluid. RESULTS Air infusion caused pulmonary hypertension and increased vascular permeability, resulting in pulmonary edema. The Kf (in g.min-1.cm H2O-1.100 g-1) increased from 0.44 +/- 0.05 at baseline to 2.98 +/- 0.47 after air infusion. Pretreatment with DBcAMP prevented the increase in Kf (0.63 +/- 0.09) caused by air embolism without altering the hemodynamics. Aminophylline and pentoxifylline did not prevent lung injury induced by air embolism. Although aminophylline did not alter the response of pulmonary arterial pressure to air infusion, it elevated the capillary pressure to 5.1 +/- 0.4 mmHg, which was significantly greater than that in the lung receiving air infusion alone. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DBcAMP prevents the increase in vascular permeability caused air embolism. The ineffectiveness of aminophylline and pentoxifylline on the prevention of air embolism-induced lung injury remains for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Huang KL, Lin YC. Activation of complement and neutrophils increases vascular permeability during air embolism. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997; 68:300-5. [PMID: 9096825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary air embolism occurs in diving and aviation during acute pressure reductions and in clinical complications. Undoubtedly physical obstructions play a role, but bubbles in blood can produce a number of indirect effects leading to tissue injury. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the complement system and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in altering segmental vascular resistance, lung weight gain, and filtration coefficient (Kf), by using isolated and perfused rat lungs. After establishing ventilation with air and 5% CO2, the lung was removed en bloc and suspended in a humidified chamber at 37 degrees C. Lung weight and arterial and venous pressures were monitored continuously. The buffered salt perfusate contains 4% Ficoll for osmotic balance. We used four series of perfusates containing 20% of: a) normal plasma; b) decomplemented plasma (from donor rats pretreated with a cobra venom factor); c) normal plasma and PMN at 2 x 10(6).ml-1; and d) decomplemented plasma and PMN at 2 x 10(6).ml-1. Pulmonary air embolism, air bubbles introduced through the pulmonary artery, increased pulmonary arterial resistance and pulmonary arterial blood pressure. The lung weight and lung water content were greater than those in the control groups. Air embolism increased vascular permeability, which was shown by an elevated Kf after air infusion. After air embolism, Kf was 0.63 +/- 0.05 g.min-1.cm H2O-1.100 g-1 in lungs perfused with both PMN and plasma, which was significantly greater than those in lungs perfused with either plasma (0.49 +/- 0.04), decomplemented plasma (0.44 +/- 0.03), or PMN and decomplemented plasma (0.47 +/- 0.03). These results demonstrated that air embolism increases vascular permeability of the lung by pulmonary hypertension, activation of the complement, and activation of PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu 96822, USA
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Huang CY, Huang KL, Cheng TJ, Wang JD, Hsieh LL. The GST T1 and CYP2E1 genotypes are possible factors causing vinyl chloride induced abnormal liver function. Arch Toxicol 1997; 71:482-8. [PMID: 9248625 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is hepatotoxic as well as carcinogenic in humans. There are reports that exposure to VCM seems to induce abnormal liver function, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and angiosarcoma of the liver. In vivo, VCM is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to form the electrophilic metabolites, chloroethylene oxide (CEO) and chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), which may either cause cell damage or be further metabolized and detoxified by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). This study investigated whether or not the genotypes CYP2E1, glutathione S-transferase theta (GST T1) and mu (GST M1) correlated with abnormal liver function found in vinyl chloride exposed workers. For this study, 251 workers from five polyvinyl chloride plants were enrolled. The workers were classified into two exposure groups (high and low) and the degree of exposure was determined based on their job titles and airborne VCM concentration. The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was used as the parameter of liver function. The genotypes CYP2E1, GST T1 and GST M1 were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism on peripheral white blood cell DNA. Other potential risk factors were also ascertained and the confounding effect was adjusted accordingly. Stratified analyses were used to explore the correlation between the alteration of liver function and the genotypes CYP2E1, GST T1 and GST M1 among the workers exposed to different levels of VCM. The following results were obtained (1) at low VCM exposure, the odds ratio (OR) of positive GST T1 on abnormal ALT was 3.8 (95% CI 1.2-14.5) but the CYP2E1 genotype was not associated with abnormal ALT. (2) At high VCM exposure, a c2c2 CYP2E1 genotype was associated with increased OR on abnormal ALT (OR 5.4, 95% CI 0.7-35.1) and positive GST T1 was significantly associated with decreased OR on abnormal ALT (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9). (3) Multiple linear and logistic regression also showed strong interactions of the VCM exposure to CYP2E1 as well as to the GST T1 genotype. These observations suggest that the two genotypes, CYP2E1 and GST T1, may play important roles in the biotransformation of VCM, the effect of which leads to liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Huang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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23
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Huang KL, Lin YC. Pharmacologic modulation of pulmonary vascular permeability during air embolism. Undersea Hyperb Med 1997; 24:315-321. [PMID: 9444063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary air embolism induces the generation of vasoactive and cytotoxic substances leading to lung injury. In the present study we investigated, in isolated and perfused rat lungs, the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites in the alterations of vascular pressure, lung water content, and the filtration coefficient (Kf). We also tested the effects of a beta-agonist, a calcium channel blocker, and a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor on the hemodynamic and the permeability changes following pulmonary air embolism. The artificially ventilated rat lungs were removed en bloc and suspended in a humidified chamber at 37 degrees C. The salt and buffered perfusate contained 4% Ficoll as albumin substitute for osmotic balance. We introduced air bubbles through the pulmonary artery. Air embolism increased pulmonary arterial resistance and caused pulmonary hypertension. Lungs receiving air infusion contained 88.6 +/- 0.6% water, which was significantly greater than the lung water content in the control groups (81.9 +/- 0.4%). Air embolism increased Kf by 145 +/- 19% from the baseline value. Pretreatment with indomethacin, isoproterenol, or nifedipine significantly reduced post-air-embolism lung water content to 85.8 +/- 0.5%, 84.1 +/- 0.4%, and 86.5 +/- 04%, respectively, and reduced the Kf increase to 17 +/- 8%, 1 +/- 9%, and 72 +/- 8%, respectively. These interventions did not alter the hemodynamic responses, except for the isoproterenol infusion, which shortened the half-time (T1/2) for pressure recovery after ending air infusion compared to the group with air embolism alone. Our results showed that indomethacin prevented vascular permeability increase and reduced pulmonary edema, suggesting that the cyclo-oxygenase products partially mediate the lung injury following air embolism. Furthermore, isoproterenol and nifedipine prevented or reduced the permeability increase, suggesting that alterations of the intracellular cAMP and cytosolic Ca2+ level play an important role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary air embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu 96822, USA
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24
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Zou HJ, Ding Y, Huang KL, Xu ML, Tang GF, Wu MH, Wang SY. Effects of lead on systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. Biomed Environ Sci 1995; 8:281-288. [PMID: 8719169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, both systolic and diastolic cardiac functions were evaluated in 54 lead exposed and 24 non-exposed workers by Doppler echocardiography. With regard to systolic cardiac function, the results suggested that cardiac systolic function increased in exposed groups as a compensatory response for the effect of lead on myocardium. To study left ventricular diastolic function, 2.5 MHz pulsed Doppler analyses of transmitral flow velocity were performed from apical four-chamber view. The results showed that time-related parameters were comparable among all groups, but blood flow velocity through the mitral valve and Doppler area fractions changed significantly in lead-exposed groups as evidenced by increased value A, decreased value E and E/A ratio. The decrease of diastolic cardiac function was more significant in lead intoxication group. It was also observed in this study that the activity in serum of the MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MB), one of the indices of myocardial damage, was significantly higher in exposed group than that in control (P < 0.05), and a positive correlation was found between CPK-MB activity and Pb-B. It denoted that the increasing of lead burden leads to more release of CPK-MB from the myocardial cells and suggested the existence of slight myocardial damage, which, conceivably, might cause harm to diastolic cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Zou
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, China
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25
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Lee HC, Niu KC, Huang KL, Tsai JD, Shyu RK, Shiraki K, Hong SK, Lin YC. Diving pattern of fishermen in the Pescadores. Undersea Hyperb Med 1994; 21:145-158. [PMID: 8061556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Professional diving fishermen in the Pescadores Archipelago (119.30 degrees W, 23.30 degrees N) dive with a simple hookah system. Although they use modern equipment, such as wet suit, face mask, mouth piece with demand valve, spear gun, weight belt, and fins, their lack of knowledge of diving medicine is apparent. On the average, 180 cases of decompression sickness (DCS) per year were reported to occur in the Pescadores. We conducted studies in 1990 and 1992 on three islands of the Archipelago. At the time of our study, an estimated 140 diving fishermen resided on these three islands. Of the 62 fishermen interviewed, 14 volunteered for the recording of dive profiles using a diver-carried data logger. In the summer of 1990, a group of eight fishermen dived, on the average, to a depth of 17.8 +/- 5.3 m (mean +/- SD; range, 8-27 m) for 26.9 +/- 19.7 min (5-66 min). Although the diving depth was similar to that of the average recollections of 43 divers, 20.1 +/- 4.4 m (15-30 m), the actual diving time was far shorter than that of their recollections, 426 +/- 138 min (240-630 min). The post-typhoon sea floor conditions may have shortened their diving time. In the summer of 1992, a group of six fishermen dived to 20.5 +/- 3.8 m (15-26 m) for 56.4 +/- 21.2 min (18-84 min). Again, the diving depth matched that of their recollection well, 22.2 +/- 2.5 m (20-26 m), but their bottom time was far shorter than they believed, 270 +/- 108 min (120-480 min). They used no decompression procedures, regardless of the bottom time and diving depth. In the 1990 group, 5 out of 10 equivalent single dive bottom times (ESDBT) exceeded U.S. Navy no-decompression (No-D) air dive limits; whereas in the 1992 group, 7 out of 9 ESDBTs exceeded No-D limits. Eight of the 38 discrete dives exceeded the No-D limits, even if we underestimate their decompression stress by disregarding their repetitive dive history. However, no symptoms of DCS were observed in either the 1990 or 1992 groups of 14 divers, despite 63% of the ESDBTs and 21% of discrete dives having exceeded the No-D limits. Adaptation to diving work may have allowed them to exceed the established No-D limits. The existing records of incidence of DCS from this region suggest that previously they must have dived longer or deeper or both during times of abundant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lee
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval General Hospital, Kaohsiung, ROC
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor in diving and aviation during acute reduction of pressure, because N2 is five times more soluble in fat than in water. In addition to concerns of decompression applications, body fat content (BFC) bears importance in the disposition of drugs, the evaluation of dietary regimens and exercise programs, and in long-term health status. Most of the currently available methods for quantifying BFC are impractical for small animals. We devised a method that does not require the cooperation of the animal. Our method uses a simple gas-dilution technique to measure the body volume. The body density was determined as the ratio of body weight (g) to body volume (ml). After the whole body density was determined, the fraction of body fat was calculated according to established formulas. Calibration with aluminum blocks showed a high correlation (r = 0.99) between measured volumes and the known block volumes. Furthermore, comparing body volumes of shaved and unshaved rats showed that the volume of air between hairs did not affect the measurement of body volume with the dilution method. In four groups, each consisting of 10 male Wistar rats [body wt 81 +/- 1 (SE), 152 +/- 3,297 +/- 5, and 496 +/- 4 g], BFC was 7.0 +/- 2.8, 14.6 +/- 1.9, 22.0 +/- 1.8, and 32.3 +/- 1.3%, respectively. These values compared favorably with chemically determined BFC values for rats in the literature. Our results suggest that the gas-dilution technique is a feasible and simple method for the determination of BFC in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu 96822
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Lee HC, Huang KL, Tsai JD, Wang SH, Mok HK. Spectral analysis of bubble sounds in decompressed guinea pigs. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1992; 50:359-64. [PMID: 1338005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Doppler ultrasonic monitoring was used to detect bubbles in sixteen guinea pigs subjected to a simulated air-dive profile of 9 ATA for 25 minutes. After completion of the decompression, eight subjects did not demonstrate any signs of decompression sickness (DCS), two developed paraplegia and six died. Under sedation, the Doppler ultrasonic bubble detector was placed precordially to record the bubble signals in both pre-dive and post-dive. The recorded signals were analyzed with a high resolution signal analyzer to compare changes between pre-dive and post-dive spectrograms. Bubble signals appeared in the frequency range between 0.64 +/- 0.02 KHz and 6.08 +/- 0.30 KHz. In terms of the net spectral level versus frequency areas (difference between pre-dive and post-dive spectrograms), the mean areas in the paraplegia group and the death group were significantly larger than those in the group without DCS. Therefore, we concluded that the spectral analysis may be an objective and quantitative adjunctive method to the interpretation of Doppler bubble signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lee
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Chinese Naval General Hospital, Kaohsiung
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Chen CH, Kuo YM, Lin KH, Lin MT, Chang TC, Huang KL. [Epidemiological survey of hemorrhagic disease due to vitamin K deficiency in infancy in Taiwan]. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1988; 29:383-90. [PMID: 3272539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Lin XY, Huang KL, Zhu RP. [Therapeutic effect of Ganoderma applonatum (GA) on chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1988; 27:618-20, 652-3. [PMID: 3229185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Huang KL, Ruben FL, Rinaldo CR, Kingsley L, Lyter DW, Ho M. Antibody responses after influenza and pneumococcal immunization in HIV-infected homosexual men. JAMA 1987; 257:2047-50. [PMID: 3560380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a study to assess the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on humoral immunity. Fifty-five homosexual men and 19 heterosexual men had four- to six-week postimmunization antibody responses measured to trivalent influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. The homosexual men were divided into three groups: 20 asymptomatic HIV-seronegative men, 10 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive men, and 25 HIV-seropositive men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Antibody responses to influenza antigens in the subgroups of homosexual men did not significantly differ from those of heterosexual controls. The IgG antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular types 9N and 18C in men with lymphadenopathy, and type 18C in HIV-seronegative homosexual men, were lower than those of heterosexual controls. Otherwise, responses to other ten capsular types showed no significant differences. There was no evidence of an immunosuppressive effect of vaccination on T-cell numbers, or deterioration of clinical status associated with vaccination. This study demonstrates that HIV-infected homosexual men, asymptomatic or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, are able to mount appropriate antibody responses to two commonly used vaccines.
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Huang KL, Armstrong JA, Ho M. Antibody response after influenza immunization in renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A or azathioprine. Infect Immun 1983; 40:421-4. [PMID: 6339408 PMCID: PMC264864 DOI: 10.1128/iai.40.1.421-424.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nineteen renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporin A and prednisone, eight kidney recipients receiving azathioprine and prednisone, and 12 healthy volunteers were immunized with 0.5 ml of trivalent influenza vaccine containing A/Bangkok/1/79 (H(3)N(2)), A/Brazil/11/78 (H(1)N(1)), and B/Singapore/222/79. Nine patients (47%) in the cyclosporin A group and five (63%) in the azathioprine group showed fourfold rises in titer to at least one virus strain compared with 12 (100%) in the control group.
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Abstract
A serious challenge to Hull's (1943) theory of reminiscence and intertrial-interval effects is posed by the current contention that reactive inhibition (In) must be task-specific since it does not seem to transfer from one task to another. This notion was examined within the framework of a practice-rest paradigm in which three control groups were given 20 1-min trials on a principal task with intertrial intervals of 0, 5, and 70 sec, respectively, while two experimental groups practiced alternately on the principal task and a secondary task known to produce evidence for I(R). The two secondary tasks varied in their similarities to the principal task. Additional control groups were used to assess the magnitude of habit transfer effects. The total sample consisted of 70 males and 70 females whose modal age was 18 yr. With habit transfer effects controlled, results showed clearly that work effects transferred from the alternate tasks to the main task without regard for differences in similarity. Thus, the task-specificity hypothesis was not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Huang
- Department of Pscyhology, National Cheng Chi University, Taiwan
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