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Fernández-Sánchez F, García-Barradas O, Mendoza-López MR, Juárez-Trujillo N, Luna-Solano G, Romero-Luna HE, Domínguez-Chávez JG, Jiménez-Fernández M. Nutritional potential of dehydrated Sphenarium rugosum powder: An insight into fatty acids and minerals. Food Chem 2025; 485:144489. [PMID: 40319589 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
The nutritional and techno-functional potential of Sphenarium rugosum powder was assessed through advanced characterisation techniques (FT-IR, XRD, DSC-TGA). The powder exhibited high protein (68.51 %) and fat (11 %) content, with a favourable ω-3 to ω-6 fatty acid ratio (1.44:1 w/w). Its mineral composition, including potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium, enhances its nutritional profile. FT-IR deconvolution revealed insights into the secondary structure of proteins, distinguishing it from other insect-derived powders. Functionally, Sphenarium rugosum powder demonstrated 53.83 % solubility, excellent water retention capacity (2.67 g H2O/g DW), and significant foaming capacity at pH 10, suggesting suitability for food applications. Targeted protein analysis identified essential amino acids such as leucine, lysine, and methionine. These findings highlight Sphenarium rugosum powder as a promising ingredient for enhancing protein content or serving as a protein substitute in food formulations, with the potential for innovative applications in the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - O García-Barradas
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M R Mendoza-López
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - N Juárez-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - G Luna-Solano
- Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba. Av. Oriente 9 Núm. 852 Col. Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 94320 Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - H E Romero-Luna
- Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba. Av. Oriente 9 Núm. 852 Col. Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 94320 Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - M Jiménez-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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2
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Hasnan FFB, Feng Y, Sun T, Parraga K, Schwarz M, Zarei M. Insects as Valuable Sources of Protein and Peptides: Production, Functional Properties, and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:4243. [PMID: 38231647 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population approaches 10 billion by 2050, the critical need to ensure food security becomes increasingly pronounced. In response to the urgent problems posed by global population growth, our study adds to the growing body of knowledge in the field of alternative proteins, entomophagy, insect-based bioactive proteolysates, and peptides. It also provides novel insights with essential outcomes for guaranteeing a safe and sustainable food supply in the face of rising global population demands. These results offer insightful information to researchers and policymakers tackling the intricate relationship between population expansion and food supplies. Unfortunately, conventional agricultural practices are proving insufficient in meeting these demands. Pursuing alternative proteins and eco-friendly food production methods has gained urgency, embracing plant-based proteins, cultivated meat, fermentation, and precision agriculture. In this context, insect farming emerges as a promising strategy to upcycle agri-food waste into nutritious protein and fat, meeting diverse nutritional needs sustainably. A thorough analysis was conducted to evaluate the viability of insect farming, investigate insect nutrition, and review the techniques and functional properties of protein isolation. A review of peptide generation from insects was conducted, covering issues related to hydrolysate production, protein extraction, and peptide identification. The study addresses the nutritional value and global entomophagy habits to elucidate the potential of insects as sources of peptides and protein. This inquiry covers protein and hydrolysate production, highlighting techniques and bioactive peptides. Functional properties of insect proteins' solubility, emulsification, foaming, gelation, water-holding, and oil absorption are investigated. Furthermore, sensory aspects of insect-fortified foods as well as challenges, including Halal and Kosher considerations, are explored across applications. Our review underscores insects' promise as sustainable protein and peptide contributors, offering recommendations for further research to unlock their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Fayuni Binti Hasnan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Yiming Feng
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA
| | - Taozhu Sun
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA
| | - Katheryn Parraga
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA 23669, USA
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3
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Cortazar-Moya S, Mejía-Garibay B, López-Malo A, Morales-Camacho JI. Nutritional composition and techno-functionality of non-defatted and defatted flour of edible insect Arsenura armida. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113445. [PMID: 37803770 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are traditional foods worldwide, and in Mexico, is a prehispanic practice. Nowadays, edible insects can be a food source for the increasing population. This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile, physical and techno-functional characteristics of non-defatted (NDF) and defatted (DF) flour of the edible insect Arsenura armida to use as a functional ingredient. The lipid content in NDF was 24.18%. Both flours are high in protein, 20.36% in NDF and 46.89% in DF; their soluble proteins from A. armida were classified according to their molecular weight, which ranged from 12 to 94 kDa. The physical properties suggest that both flours have good flow characteristics. Regarding techno-functional properties, DF had the highest water (275.6%) and oil (121%) holding capacity values. The viscosity values indicate that they behave as a non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluid at a high concentration (20%). Emulsion capacity values range between 78.3 and 100% in both flours, with stability between 92.4 and 100%. These flours could be a good source of nutrients, and their techno-functional properties make them a good option for animal protein substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cortazar-Moya
- Department of Chemical, Food and Environment Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Mejía-Garibay
- Department of Chemical, Food and Environment Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico
| | - Aurelio López-Malo
- Department of Chemical, Food and Environment Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico
| | - Jocksan Ismael Morales-Camacho
- Department of Chemical, Food and Environment Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico.
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4
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Rivas-Vela CI, Castaño-Tostado E, Cardador-Martínez A, Amaya-Llano SL, Castillo-Herrera GA. Subcritical water hydrolysis for the obtention of bioactive peptides from a grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens protein concentrate. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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5
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Scieuzo C, Franco A, Salvia R, Triunfo M, Addeo NF, Vozzo S, Piccolo G, Bovera F, Ritieni A, Francia AD, Laginestra A, Schmitt E, Falabella P. Enhancement of fruit byproducts through bioconversion by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 36433821 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion is a biological process by which organic materials are converted into products with higher biological and commercial value. During its larval stage the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens is extremely voracious and can feed on a wide variety of organic materials. To study the impact of different fruit byproducts on the insect's growth, final larval biomass, substrate reduction, bioconversion parameters, and larval nutritional composition, 10 000 black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) were reared on 7.0 kg of one of three substrates (strawberry, tangerine, or orange) or on a standard diet as a control. The results highlight that BSFL can successfully feed and grow on each of these diets, though their development time, growth rate, and final biomass were differently impacted by the substrates, with strawberry being the most suitable. The lipid and protein contents of BSFL were similar among larvae fed on different substrates; however, major differences were detected in ash, micronutrient, fiber, fatty acid, and amino acid contents. Overall, the results indicate that fruit waste management through the BSFL bioconversion process represents a commercially promising resource for regional and national agrifood companies. Our study offers new perspectives for sustainable and environmentally friendly industrial development by which fruit byproducts or waste might be disposed of or unconventionally enhanced to create secondary products of high biological and economic value, including BSFL biomass as animal feed or, in perspective, as alternative protein source for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Micaela Triunfo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Francesco Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Vozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Francia
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Laginestra
- Department of Relations with the Territory, TotalEnergies EP Italia S.p.A, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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6
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Cruz-López SO, Escalona-Buendía HB, Román-Guerrero A, Domínguez-Soberanes J, Alvarez-Cisneros YM. Characterization of cooked meat models using grasshopper
(Sphenarium purpurascens) soluble protein extracted by
alkalisation and ultrasound as meat-extender. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:536-555. [PMID: 35611083 PMCID: PMC9108955 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most abundant Orthoptera in Mexico is a small grasshopper (Sphenarium
purpurascens) which is considered a food source with increased
nutritional value due to its high protein content. Insect proteins have gained
relevance because of their high potential as gelling, texturing, and extender
agents in the food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
effect of substituting meat with a soluble protein extract from grasshopper
obtained by alkalisation or alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound, on the
techno-functional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of cooked meat
models (sausages). The soluble protein was extracted in NaHCO3 pH 8
and a piezoelectric ultrasound 5-mm sonotrode at 20 kHz with 99%
amplitude. Different formulations with meat substitution: 0%, 5%,
10%, and 15% were prepared and characterised for their rheological
behaviour, emulsion stability, weight loss by cooking, total protein content,
colour, and texture. Sensory evaluation was conducted with consumers using a
test involving check-all-that-apply and overall liking. The
alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound method improved the solubility and the
techno-functional properties of the soluble grasshopper protein when applied in
sausages at maximum levels of 10% meat substitution. The sensory
evaluation indicated that the formulation with 5% meat substitution
exhibited the same acceptability as the control sample. Given these results, the
soluble protein treated with alkalisation and piezoelectric ultrasound could be
used as an extender in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Osvaldo Cruz-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología,
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa,
CP 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Angélica Román-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología,
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa,
CP 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes
- Escuela de Dirección de Negocios
Alimentarios. Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes,
Aguascalientes, CP 20296, México
| | - Yenizey Merit Alvarez-Cisneros
- Departamento de Biotecnología,
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa,
CP 09310, Ciudad de México, México
- Corresponding author: Yenizey
Merit Alvarez-Cisneros, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad
Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CP 09310, Ciudad de
México, México, Tel: +52-55-5804-4714, Fax:
+52-55-5804-4712, E-mail:
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7
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Proximate, Physicochemical, Techno-Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Three Edible Insect ( Gonimbrasia belina, Hermetia illucens and Macrotermes subhylanus) Flours. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070976. [PMID: 35407063 PMCID: PMC8997929 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, edible insect flours from Gonimbrasia belina (Mashonzha), Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly larvae) and Macrotermes subhylanus (Madzhulu) were prepared and assessed in terms of proximal, physicochemical, techno-functional and antioxidant properties. The crude protein of the edible insect flours varied between 34.90−52.74%. The crude fat of the insect flours differed significantly (p < 0.05), with H. illucens (27.93%) having the highest crude fat. G. belina was lighter (L*) and yellower (+b*) compared to H. illucens and M. subhylanus, and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the redness (+a*) of the edible insect flours. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in foam capacity and foam stability of all three edible insect flours. Moreover, the antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical was low for H. illucens (3.63%), with M. subhylanus (55.37%) exhibiting the highest DPPH radical. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the techno-functional properties and antioxidant indices of the edible insect flours. PC1 accounted for 51.39% of the total variability, while component 2 accounted for 24.71%. In terms of PC1, the FS, OBC and FC were responsible for the major differences in the edible insect flours. The findings revealed that edible insect flours are a good source of antioxidants and can be used as an alternative protein source and a potential novel food additive due to their techno-functional qualities.
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8
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Cruz-López SO, Álvarez-Cisneros YM, Domínguez-Soberanes J, Escalona-Buendía HB, Sánchez CN. Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Sausages Made with Grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) Flour. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050704. [PMID: 35267337 PMCID: PMC8909260 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are currently of interest due to their high nutritional value, in particular for the high concentration of quality protein. Moreover, it can also be used as an extender or binder in meat products. The objective was to evaluate grasshopper flour (GF) as a partial or total replacement for potato starch to increase the protein content of sausages and achieve good acceptability by consumers. GF has 48% moisture, 6.7% fat and 45% total protein. Sausages were analyzed by NIR and formulations with GF in all concentrations (10, 7, 5 and 3%) combined with starch (3, 5 and 7%) increased protein content. Results obtained for the sausages formulations with grasshoppers showed an increase in hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness through a Texture-Profile-Analysis. Moreover, a* and b* are similar to the control, but L* decreased. The check-all-that-apply test showed the attributes highlighted for sausages with GF possessed herbal flavor, brown color, and granular texture. The liking-product-landscape map showed that the incorporation of 7 and 10% of GF had an overall liking of 3.2 and 3.3, respectively, considered as “do not like much”. GF can be used as a binder in meat products up to 10% substitution. However, it is important to improve the overall liking of the sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador O. Cruz-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico; (S.O.C.-L.); (H.B.E.-B.)
| | - Yenizey M. Álvarez-Cisneros
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico; (S.O.C.-L.); (H.B.E.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes
- Escuela de Dirección de Negocios Alimentarios, Universidad Panamericana, Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer 101, Aguascalientes 20296, Mexico;
| | - Héctor B. Escalona-Buendía
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico; (S.O.C.-L.); (H.B.E.-B.)
| | - Claudia N. Sánchez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer 101, Aguascalientes 20296, Mexico;
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9
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Chinarak K, Panpipat W, Summpunn P, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Cheong LZ, Chaijan M. Insights into the effects of dietary supplements on the nutritional composition and growth performance of sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larvae. Food Chem 2021; 363:130279. [PMID: 34120049 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional composition and growth performance of sago palm weevil larvae (SPWL) fed with ground sago palm trunk mixed with different supplements including commercial pig feed, rice bran, cornmeal, soybean meal, and perilla seed were evaluated. SPWL fed with supplemented diets were richer in protein, lipid, and mineral contents (p < 0.05). Marked increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (10.75-fold) and omega-3 fatty acids (25.42-fold) with the lowest n-6:n-3 ratio, atherogenicity index, and thrombogenicity index were found in SPWL fed with perilla seed (p < 0.05). Perilla seed, cornmeal, and soybean meal improved essential amino acid content and essential amino acid index of SPWL. Growth performance varied, depending on feed compositions, where a comparable or even greater effect was observed in SPWL fed with supplemented diets compared to control. Therefore, plant-based supplements, especially perilla seed, efficiently improved nutritional quality of SPWL, making them more attractive in terms of nutritional and economical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Chinarak
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
| | - Pijug Summpunn
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Phonsatta
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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10
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Ramírez‐Rivera EJ, Hernández‐Santos B, Juárez‐Barrientos JM, Torruco‐Uco JG, Ramírez‐Figueroa E, Rodríguez‐Miranda J. Effects of formulation and process conditions on chemical composition, color parameters, and acceptability of extruded insect‐rich snack. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan G. Torruco‐Uco
- Tecnológico Nacional de México Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec Tuxtepec México
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11
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Peng W, Ma NL, Zhang D, Zhou Q, Yue X, Khoo SC, Yang H, Guan R, Chen H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wei Z, Suo C, Peng Y, Yang Y, Lam SS, Sonne C. A review of historical and recent locust outbreaks: Links to global warming, food security and mitigation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110046. [PMID: 32841638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Locusts differ from ordinary grasshoppers in their ability to swarm over long distances and are among the oldest migratory pests. The ecology and biology of locusts make them among the most devastating pests worldwide and hence the calls for actions to prevent the next outbreaks. The most destructive of all locust species is the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). Here, we review the current locust epidemic 2020 outbreak and its causes and prevention including the green technologies that may provide a reference for future directions of locust control and food security. Massive locust outbreaks threaten the terrestrial environments and crop production in around 100 countries of which Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya are the most affected. Six large locust outbreaks are reported for the period from 1912 to 1989 all being closely related to long-term droughts and warm winters coupled with occurrence of high precipitation in spring and summer. The outbreaks in East Africa, India and Pakistan are the most pronounced with locusts migrating more than 150 km/day during which the locusts consume food equivalent to their own body weight on a daily basis. The plague heavily affects the agricultural sectors, which is the foundation of national economies and social stability. Global warming is likely the main cause of locust plague outbreak in recent decades driving egg spawning of up to 2-400,000 eggs per square meter. Biological control techniques such as microorganisms, insects and birds help to reduce the outbreaks while reducing ecosystem and agricultural impacts. In addition, green technologies such as light and sound stimulation seem to work, however, these are challenging and need further technological development incorporating remote sensing and modelling before they are applicable on large-scales. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the 2020 locust outbreak is the worst in 70 years probably triggered by climate change, hurricanes and heavy rain and has affected a total of 70,000 ha in Somalia and Ethiopia. There is a need for shifting towards soybean, rape, and watermelon which seems to help to prevent locust outbreaks and obtain food security. Furthermore, locusts have a very high protein content and is an excellent protein source for meat production and as an alternative human protein source, which should be used to mitigate food security. In addition, forestation of arable land improves local climate conditions towards less precipitation and lower temperatures while simultaneously attracting a larger number of birds thereby increasing the locust predation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaochen Yue
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shing Ching Khoo
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yacheng Wang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chaofan Suo
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuhao Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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