1
|
de Pontual H, MacKenzie KM, Tabouret H, Daverat F, Mahé K, Pecheyran C, Hüssy K. Heterogeneity of otolith chemical composition from two-dimensional mapping: Relationship with biomineralization mechanisms and implications for microchemistry analyses. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:20-33. [PMID: 37697461 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Although otoliths are widely used as archives to infer life-history traits and habitat use in fishes, their biomineralization process remains poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is problematic as it can lead to misinterpretation of the different types of signals (e.g., optical or chemical) that provide basic data for research in fish ecology, fisheries management, and species conservation. Otolith calcification relies on a complex system involving a pericrystalline fluid, the endolymph, whose organic and inorganic compositions are spatially heterogeneous for some constituents. This property stems from the particular structure of the calcifying saccular epithelium. In this study, we explored the spatial heterogeneity of elemental incorporation in otoliths for two species of high economic interest, European hake Merluccius merluccius (L. 1758) and European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L. 1758). Two-dimensional mappings of chemical elements were obtained using UV high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) system coupled to a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer analyses on transverse sections of sagittae. Results highlighted a clear asymmetry between proximal (sulcus) and distal (antisulcus) concentrations for elements such as magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) with concentration gradient directions that varied depending on the element. Strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) did not show a proximo-distal gradient. These results are discussed in light of current knowledge on the endolymph composition and the mechanisms that lead to its compartmentalization, highlighting the need for further research on otolith biomineralization. Operational implications for studies based on otolith chemical composition are also discussed with emphasis on advice for sampling strategies to avoid analytical biases and the need for in-depth analyses of analytical settings before comparing otolith signatures between species or geographical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène de Pontual
- Ifremer DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Centre Bretagne, HALGO, LBH, Plouzané, France
| | - Kirsteen M MacKenzie
- Ifremer HMMN (Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit), Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Hélène Tabouret
- UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Avenue de l'Université, Pau, France
| | | | - Kélig Mahé
- Ifremer HMMN (Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit), Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Christophe Pecheyran
- UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Avenue de l'Université, Pau, France
| | - Karin Hüssy
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Oceans and Arctic, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F, Plath M, Heß M. Enigmatic ear stones: what we know about the functional role and evolution of fish otoliths. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:457-482. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department Biology II, Zoology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science & Technology; Northwest A&F University; 22 Xinong Road, Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Martin Heß
- Department Biology II, Zoology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schulz-Mirbach T, Olbinado M, Rack A, Mittone A, Bravin A, Melzer RR, Ladich F, Heß M. In-situ visualization of sound-induced otolith motion using hard X-ray phase contrast imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3121. [PMID: 29449570 PMCID: PMC5814409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding the basics of ear structure-function relationships in fish, the actual motion of the solid otolith relative to the underlying sensory epithelium has rarely been investigated. Otolith motion has been characterized based on a few experimental studies and on approaches using mathematical modeling, which have yielded partially conflicting results. Those studies either predicted a simple back-and-forth motion of the otolith or a shape-dependent, more complex motion. Our study was designed to develop and test a new set-up to generate experimental data on fish otolith motion in-situ. Investigating the basic parameters of otolith motion requires an approach with high spatial and temporal resolution. We therefore used hard X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI). We compared two anatomically well-studied cichlid species, Steatocranus tinanti and Etroplus maculatus, which, among other features, differ in the 3D shape of their otoliths. In a water-filled tank, we presented a pure tone of 200 Hz to 1) isolated otoliths embedded in agarose serving as a simple model or 2) to a fish (otoliths in-situ). Our new set-up successfully visualized the motion of otoliths in-situ and therefore paves the way for future studies evaluating the principles of otolith motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department Biology II, Zoology, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Margie Olbinado
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, ID19), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, ID19), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Mittone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, ID17), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, ID17), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Roland R Melzer
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- University of Vienna, Department of Behavioural Biology, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Heß
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department Biology II, Zoology, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Le Goff C, Ganot P, Zoccola D, Caminiti-Segonds N, Allemand D, Tambutté S. Carbonic Anhydrases in Cnidarians: Novel Perspectives from the Octocorallian Corallium rubrum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160368. [PMID: 27513959 PMCID: PMC4981384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the ability to elaborate calcium carbonate biominerals was apparently gained independently during animal evolution, members of the alpha carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) family, which catalyze the interconversion of CO2 into HCO3-, are involved in the biomineralization process across metazoans. In the Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum, inhibition studies suggest an essential role of CAs in the synthesis of two biominerals produced in this octocoral, the axial skeleton and the sclerites. Hitherto no molecular characterization of these enzymes was available. In the present study we determined the complete set of α-CAs in C. rubrum by data mining the genome and transcriptome, and measured their differential gene expression between calcifying and non-calcifying tissues. We identified six isozymes (CruCA1-6), one cytosolic and five secreted/membrane-bound among which one lacked two of the three zinc-binding histidines and was so referred to as a carbonic anhydrase related protein (CARP). One secreted isozyme (CruCA4) showed specific expression both by qPCR and western-blot in the calcifying tissues, suggesting its involvement in biomineralization. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses of α-CAs, identified in six representative cnidarians with complete genome, support an independent recruitment of α-CAs for biomineralization within anthozoans. Finally, characterization of cnidarian CARPs highlighted two families: the monophyletic cytosolic CARPs, and the polyphyletic secreted CARPs harboring a cnidarian specific cysteine disulfide bridge. Alignment of the cytosolic CARPs revealed an evolutionary conserved R-H-Q motif in place of the characteristic zinc-binding H-H-H necessary for the catalytic function of α-CAs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Loewen TN, Carriere B, Reist JD, Halden NM, Anderson WG. Linking physiology and biomineralization processes to ecological inferences on the life history of fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 202:123-140. [PMID: 27328377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomineral chemistry is frequently used to infer life history events and habitat use in fishes; however, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here we have taken a multidisciplinary approach to review the current understanding of element incorporation into biomineralized structures in fishes. Biominerals are primarily composed of calcium-based derivatives such as calcium carbonate found in otoliths and calcium phosphates found in scales, fins and bones. By focusing on non-essential life elements (strontium and barium) and essential life elements (calcium, zinc and magnesium), we attempt to connect several fields of study to synergise how physiology may influence biomineralization and subsequent inference of life history. Data provided in this review indicate that the presence of non-essential elements in biominerals of fish is driven primarily by hypo- and hyper-calcemic environmental conditions. The uptake kinetics between environmental calcium and its competing mimics define what is ultimately incorporated in the biomineral structure. Conversely, circannual hormonally driven variations likely influence essential life elements like zinc that are known to associate with enzyme function. Environmental temperature and pH as well as uptake kinetics for strontium and barium isotopes demonstrate the role of mass fractionation in isotope selection for uptake into fish bony structures. In consideration of calcium mobilisation, the action of osteoclast-like cells on calcium phosphates of scales, fins and bones likely plays a role in fractionation along with transport kinetics. Additional investigations into calcium mobilisation are warranted to understand differing views of strontium, and barium isotope fractionation between calcium phosphates and calcium carbonate structures in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T N Loewen
- Interdisciplinary Studies (Geological Sciences), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Freshwater Institute, Fisheries & Oceans, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - B Carriere
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J D Reist
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries & Oceans, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - N M Halden
- Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - W G Anderson
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weigele J, Franz-Odendaal TA, Hilbig R. Not All Inner Ears are the Same: Otolith Matrix Proteins in the Inner Ear of Sub-Adult Cichlid Fish,Oreochromis Mossambicus, Reveal Insights Into the Biomineralization Process. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 299:234-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Weigele
- Zoological Institute, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 30 Stuttgart 73734 Germany
- Department of Biology; Mount Saint Vincent University; 166 Bedford Highway Halifax Nova Scotia B3M 2J6 Canada
| | - Tamara A. Franz-Odendaal
- Department of Biology; Mount Saint Vincent University; 166 Bedford Highway Halifax Nova Scotia B3M 2J6 Canada
| | - Reinhard Hilbig
- Zoological Institute, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 30 Stuttgart 73734 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schulz-Mirbach T, Götz A, Griesshaber E, Plath M, Schmahl W. Texture and nano-scale internal microstructure of otoliths in the Atlantic molly, Poecilia mexicana: A high-resolution EBSD study. Micron 2013; 51:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Debreuil J, Tambutté É, Zoccola D, Deleury E, Guigonis JM, Samson M, Allemand D, Tambutté S. Molecular cloning and characterization of first organic matrix protein from sclerites of red coral, Corallium rubrum. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19367-76. [PMID: 22505718 PMCID: PMC3365975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.352005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here for the first time the isolation and characterization of a protein from the organic matrix (OM) of the sclerites of the alcyonarian, Corallium rubrum. This protein named scleritin is one of the predominant proteins extracted from the EDTA-soluble fraction of the OM. The entire open reading frame (ORF) was obtained by comparing amino acid sequences from de novo mass spectrometry and Edman degradation with an expressed sequence tag library dataset of C. rubrum. Scleritin is a secreted basic phosphorylated protein which exhibits a short amino acid sequence of 135 amino acids and a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. From specific antibodies raised against peptide sequences of scleritin, we obtained immunolabeling of scleroblasts and OM of the sclerites which provides information on the biomineralization pathway in C. rubrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Debreuil
- From the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Éric Tambutté
- From the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Didier Zoccola
- From the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Emeline Deleury
- the Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA) INRA 1355, CNRS 7254, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis F-06903, France
- the Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06107, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- the Laboratoire Transporteur en Imagerie et Radiothérapie Oncologique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Nice F-06107, France
- the Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06107, France
- the Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice F-06107, France, and
| | - Michel Samson
- the Équipe Région Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale 21/ Équipe Associée 4319, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice F-06107, France
| | - Denis Allemand
- From the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- From the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000, Monaco
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Debreuil J, Tambutté S, Zoccola D, Segonds N, Techer N, Allemand D, Tambutté É. Comparative analysis of the soluble organic matrix of axial skeleton and sclerites of Corallium rubrum: Insights for biomineralization. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Xu Y, Zhang H, Yang H, Zhao X, Lovas S, Lundberg YYW. Expression, functional, and structural analysis of proteins critical for otoconia development. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:2659-73. [PMID: 20803598 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Otoconia, developed during late gestation and perinatal stages, couple mechanic force to the sensory hair cells in the vestibule for motion detection and bodily balance. In the present work, we have investigated whether compensatory deposition of another protein(s) may have taken place to partially alleviate the detrimental effects of Oc90 deletion by analyzing a comprehensive list of plausible candidates, and have found a drastic increase in the deposition of Sparc-like 1 (aka Sc1 or hevin) in Oc90 null versus wt otoconia. We show that such up-regulation is specific to Sc1, and that stable transfection of Oc90 and Sc1 full-length expression constructs in NIH/3T3 cells indeed promotes matrix calcification. Analysis and modeling of Oc90 and Sc1 protein structures show common features that may be critical requirements for the otoconial matrix backbone protein. Such information will serve as the foundation for future regenerative purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Xu
- Vestibular Neurogenetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marie B, Luquet G, Bédouet L, Milet C, Guichard N, Medakovic D, Marin F. Nacre Calcification in the Freshwater MusselUnio pictorum: Carbonic Anhydrase Activity and Purification of a 95 kDa Calcium-Binding Glycoprotein. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2515-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
12
|
Mann K, Poustka AJ, Mann M. The sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) test and spine proteomes. Proteome Sci 2008; 6:22. [PMID: 18694502 PMCID: PMC2527298 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organic matrix of biominerals plays an important role in biomineral formation and in determining biomineral properties. However, most components of biomineral matrices remain unknown at present. In sea urchin, which is an important model organism for developmental biology and biomineralization, only few matrix components have been identified and characterized at the protein level. The recent publication of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome sequence rendered possible not only the identification of possible matrix proteins at the gene level, but also the direct identification of proteins contained in matrices of skeletal elements by in-depth, high-accuracy, proteomic analysis. RESULTS We identified 110 proteins as components of sea urchin test and spine organic matrix. Fourty of these proteins occurred in both compartments while others were unique to their respective compartment. More than 95% of the proteins were detected in sea urchin skeletal matrices for the first time. The most abundant protein in both matrices was the previously characterized spicule matrix protein SM50, but at least eight other members of this group, many of them only known as conceptual translation products previously, were identified by mass spectrometric sequence analysis of peptides derived from in vitro matrix degradation. The matrices also contained proteins implicated in biomineralization processes previously by inhibition studies using antibodies or specific enzyme inhibitors, such as matrix metalloproteases and members of the mesenchyme-specific MSP130 family. Other components were carbonic anhydrase, collagens, echinonectin, a alpha2-macroglobulin-like protein and several proteins containing scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains. A few possible signal transduction pathway components, such as GTP-binding proteins, a semaphorin and a possible tyrosine kinase were also identified. CONCLUSION This report presents the most comprehensive list of sea urchin skeletal matrix proteins available at present. The complex mixture of proteins identified in matrices of the sea urchin skeleton may reflect many different aspects of the mineralization process. Because LC-MS/MS-based methods directly measures peptides our results validate many predicted genes and confirm the existence of the corresponding proteins. Considering the many newly identified matrix proteins, this proteomic study may serve as a road map for the further exploration of biomineralization processes in an important model organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, D-82152, Martinsried, Am Klopferspitz, 18, Germany
| | - Albert J Poustka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Evolution and Development Group, D-14195, Berlin, Ihnestrasse, 73, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, D-82152, Martinsried, Am Klopferspitz, 18, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jolivet A, Bardeau JF, Fablet R, Paulet YM, de Pontual H. Understanding otolith biomineralization processes: new insights into microscale spatial distribution of organic and mineral fractions from Raman microspectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:551-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Arias JL, Fernández MS. Polysaccharides and proteoglycans in calcium carbonate-based biomineralization. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4475-82. [PMID: 18652513 DOI: 10.1021/cr078269p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2 Correo 15, Santiago, Chile.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guibbolini M, Borelli G, Mayer-Gostan N, Priouzeau F, De Pontual H, Allemand D, Payan P. Characterization and variations of organic parameters in teleost fish endolymph during day–night cycle, starvation and stress conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:99-107. [PMID: 16777451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to examine the modifications of the organic composition of fish endolymph under environmental conditions (day-night cycle, starvation and Cl2-stress) known to modify otolith growth. Endolymph electrophoretic patterns were compared. An antibody raised against the trout otolith organic matrix allowed examining the variations of organic matrix precursors in the endolymph under the above conditions. Western blot analysis showed bands around 60-80 kDa. A 50% decrease of immunolabelling was observed during the night whereas increases were seen after starvation (factor 3) or stress (factor 2) suggesting that these variations could be related to the organic matrix deposit. A factor retarding in vitro CaCO3 crystallization (FRC) was shown to co-precipitate with endolymph proteins and its apparent molecular mass (determined by measuring the activity after electro elution of gel electrophoresis) was estimated around 20 kDa. The FRC activity was stable during day-night cycle whereas it decreased by 70% and nearly 100% under starvation and stress respectively. These results suggest that the FRC, although retarding in vitro crystallization, plays a major role in the process of otolith calcification and that the decreases measured after starvation and stress are responsible for the decreases of the otolith growth. The variations of these two parameters (precursors and FRC) could contribute for the changes in the microstructure of the otolith.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Guibbolini
- UMR INRA-UNSA N 1112, Laboratoire ROSE, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dauphin Y. Mineralizing matrices in the skeletal axes of two Corallium species (Alcyonacea). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:54-64. [PMID: 16782376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soluble organic matrices extracted from the axial part of the skeletons of two Corallium species (Coralliidae, Alcyonacea) were analysed using FTIR spectrometry, HPLC, IEF, 2-D gel electrophoresis and XANES. All these methods show that the main characteristics of the two matrices are similar, but not identical. Both matrices are composed of proteins and sugars; they are acidic with poorly separated molecular masses. The sugar contents are low, and the matrices do not seem highly glycosylated. The differences and similarities of these matrices are also observed in the minor element contents and in the micro- and nanostructures of the samples. These results confirm the control of the morphology and the chemical composition of calcitic biocrystals. Biomineralisation processes in Coralliidae are taxonomically significant, and differ from those of Scleractinia skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 8148 IDES, Bât. 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, F-95405 Orsay cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hughes I, Thalmann I, Thalmann R, Ornitz DM. Mixing model systems: using zebrafish and mouse inner ear mutants and other organ systems to unravel the mystery of otoconial development. Brain Res 2006; 1091:58-74. [PMID: 16529728 PMCID: PMC2100415 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human vestibular dysfunction is an increasing clinical problem. Degeneration or displacement of otoconia is a significant etiology of age-related balance disorders and Benign Positional Vertigo (BPV). In addition, commonly used antibiotics, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, can lead to disruption of otoconial structure and function. Despite such clinical significance, relatively little information has been compiled about the development and maintenance of otoconia in humans. Recent studies in model organisms and other mammalian organ systems have revealed some of the proteins and processes required for the normal biomineralization of otoconia and otoliths in the inner ear of vertebrates. Orchestration of extracellular biomineralization requires bringing together ionic and proteinaceous components in time and space. Coordination of these events requires the normal formation of the otocyst and sensory maculae, specific secretion and localization of extracellular matrix proteins, as well as tight regulation of the endolymph ionic environment. Disruption of any of these processes can lead to the formation of abnormally shaped, or ectopic, otoconia, or otoconial agenesis. We propose that normal generation of otoconia requires a complex temporal and spatial control of developmental and biochemical events. In this review, we suggest a new hypothetical model for normal otoconial and otolith formation based on matrix vesicle mineralization in bone which we believe to be supported by information from existing mutants, morphants, and biochemical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Rm. 3902 South Building (Campus Box 8103), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Isolde Thalmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ruediger Thalmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Rm. 3902 South Building (Campus Box 8103), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murayama E, Herbomel P, Kawakami A, Takeda H, Nagasawa H. Otolith matrix proteins OMP-1 and Otolin-1 are necessary for normal otolith growth and their correct anchoring onto the sensory maculae. Mech Dev 2005; 122:791-803. [PMID: 15905077 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish otoliths are highly calcified concretions deposited in the inner ear and serve as a part of the hearing and balance systems. They consist mainly of calcium carbonate and a small amount of organic matrix. The latter component is considered to play important roles in otolith formation. Previously, we identified two major otolith matrix proteins, OMP-1 (otolith matrix protein-1) and Otolin-1, from salmonid species. To assess the function of these proteins in otolith formation, we performed antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-mediated knockdown of omp-1 and otolin-1 in zebrafish embryos. We first identified zebrafish cDNA homologs of omp-1 (zomp-1) and otolin-1 (zotolin-1). Whole-mount in situ hybridization then revealed that the expression of both zomp-1 and zotolin-1 mRNAs is restricted to the otic vesicles. zomp-1 mRNA was expressed from the 14-somite stage in the otic placode, but the zOMP-1 protein was detected only from 26-somite stage onwards. In contrast, zotolin-1 mRNA expression became clear around 72 hpf. MOs designed to inhibit zomp-1 and zotolin-1 mRNA translation, respectively, were injected into 1-2 cell stage embryos. zomp-1 MO caused a reduction in otolith size and an absence of zOtolin-1 deposition, while zotolin-1 MO caused a fusion of the two otoliths, and an increased instability of otoliths after fixation. We conclude that zOMP-1 is required for normal otolith growth and deposition of zOtolin-1 in the otolith, while zOtolin-1, a collagenous protein, is involved in the correct arrangement of the otoliths onto the sensory epithelium of the inner ear and probably in stabilization of the otolith matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Murayama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hughes I, Blasiole B, Huss D, Warchol ME, Rath NP, Hurle B, Ignatova E, Dickman JD, Thalmann R, Levenson R, Ornitz DM. Otopetrin 1 is required for otolith formation in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Dev Biol 2004; 276:391-402. [PMID: 15581873 PMCID: PMC2522322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Orientation with respect to gravity is essential for the survival of complex organisms. The gravity receptor is one of the phylogenetically oldest sensory systems, and special adaptations that enhance sensitivity to gravity are highly conserved. The fish inner ear contains three large extracellular biomineral particles, otoliths, which have evolved to transduce the force of gravity into neuronal signals. Mammalian ears contain thousands of small particles called otoconia that serve a similar function. Loss or displacement of these structures can be lethal for fish and is responsible for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in humans. The distinct morphologies of otoconial particles and otoliths suggest divergent developmental mechanisms. Mutations in a novel gene Otopetrin 1 (Otop1), encoding multi-transmembrane domain protein, result in nonsyndromic otoconial agenesis and a severe balance disorder in mice. Here we show that the zebrafish, Danio rerio, contains a highly conserved gene, otop1, that is essential for otolith formation. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of zebrafish Otop1 leads to otolith agenesis without affecting the sensory epithelium or other structures within the inner ear. Despite lack of otoliths in early development, otolith formation partially recovers in some fish after 2 days. However, the otoliths are malformed, misplaced, lack an organic matrix, and often consist of inorganic calcite crystals. These studies demonstrate that Otop1 has an essential and conserved role in the timing of formation and the size and shape of the developing otolith.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Brian Blasiole
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - David Huss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Mark E. Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Belen Hurle
- National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892−2152, United States
| | - Elena Ignatova
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - J. David Dickman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Ruediger Thalmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Robert Levenson
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arias JL, Neira-Carrillo A, Arias JI, Escobar C, Bodero M, David M, Fernández MS. Sulfated polymers in biological mineralization: a plausible source for bio-inspired engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b401396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|