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Agrawal P, Chen S, de Pablos A, Jame-Chenarboo F, Miera Saenz de Vega E, Darvishian F, Osman I, Lujambio A, Mahal LK, Hernando E. Integrated in vivo functional screens and multi-omics analyses identify α-2,3-sialylation as essential for melanoma maintenance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584072. [PMID: 38559078 PMCID: PMC10979837 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer biology, and altered glycosylation influences multiple facets of melanoma growth and progression. To identify glycosyltransferases, glycans, and glycoproteins essential for melanoma maintenance, we conducted an in vivo growth screen with a pooled shRNA library of glycosyltransferases, lectin microarray profiling of benign nevi and melanoma patient samples, and mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics. We found that α-2,3 sialyltransferases ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 and corresponding α-2,3-linked sialosides are upregulated in melanoma compared to nevi and are essential for melanoma growth in vivo and in vitro. Glycoproteomics revealed that glycoprotein targets of ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 are enriched in transmembrane proteins involved in growth signaling, including the amino acid transporter Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 (SLC3A2/CD98hc). CD98hc suppression mimicked the effect of ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 silencing, inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation. We found that both CD98hc protein stability and its pro-survival effect in melanoma are dependent upon α-2,3 sialylation mediated by ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2. In summary, our studies reveal that α-2,3-sialosides functionally contribute to melanoma maintenance, supporting ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 as novel therapeutic targets in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, New York University
| | - Ana de Pablos
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | | | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
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Lee KM, Seo EC, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Hwangbo C. The Multifunctional Protein Syntenin-1: Regulator of Exosome Biogenesis, Cellular Function, and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119418. [PMID: 37298370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntenin acts as an adaptor and scaffold protein through its two PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 (PDZ) domains, participating in multiple signaling pathways and modulating cellular physiology. It has been identified as an oncogene, promoting cancer development, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various carcinomas. Syntenin-1 is also associated with the production and release of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that play a significant role in intercellular communication by containing bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The trafficking of exosomes involves a complex interplay of various regulatory proteins, including syntenin-1, which interacts with its binding partners, syndecan and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALIX). Exosomal transfer of microRNAs, a key cargo, can regulate the expression of various cancer-related genes, including syntenin-1. Targeting the mechanism involving the regulation of exosomes by syntenin-1 and microRNAs may provide a novel treatment strategy for cancer. This review highlights the current understanding of syntenin-1's role in regulating exosome trafficking and its associated cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Chan Seo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031151. [PMID: 36770817 PMCID: PMC9919865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier (SLC) proteins form the largest, albeit very diverse, superfamily with over 400 members. It was recognized early on that xenobiotics can directly interact with SLCs and that this interaction can fundamentally determine their efficacy, including bioavailability and intertissue distribution. Apart from the well-established prodrug strategy, the chemical ligation of transporter substrates to nanoparticles of various chemical compositions has recently been used as a means to enhance their targeting and absorption. In this review, we summarize efforts in drug design exploiting interactions with specific SLC transporters to optimize their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we describe current and future challenges as well as new directions for the advanced development of therapeutics that target SLC transporters.
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Bouthelier A, Fernández-Arroyo L, Mesa-Ciller C, Cibrian D, Martín-Cófreces NB, Castillo-González R, Calero M, Herráez-Aguilar D, Guajardo-Grence A, Pacheco AM, Marcos-Jiménez A, Quiroga B, Morado M, Monroy F, Muñoz-Calleja C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Urrutia AA, Aragonés J. Erythroid SLC7A5/SLC3A2 amino acid carrier controls red blood cell size and maturation. iScience 2022; 26:105739. [PMID: 36582828 PMCID: PMC9792907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the heterodimeric amino acid carrier SLC7A5/SLC3A2 (LAT1/CD98) has been widely studied in tumor biology but its role in physiological conditions remains largely unknown. Here we show that the SLC7A5/SLC3A2 heterodimer is constitutively present at different stages of erythroid differentiation but absent in mature erythrocytes. Administration of erythropoietin (EPO) further induces SLC7A5/SLC3A2 expression in circulating reticulocytes, as it also occurs in anemic conditions. Although Slc7a5 gene inactivation in the erythrocyte lineage does not compromise the total number of circulating red blood cells (RBCs), their size and hemoglobin content are significantly reduced accompanied by a diminished erythroblast mTORC1 activity. Furthermore circulating Slc7a5-deficient reticulocytes are characterized by lower transferrin receptor (CD71) expression as well as mitochondrial activity, suggesting a premature transition to mature RBCs. These data reveal that SLC7A5/SLC3A2 ensures adequate maturation of reticulocytes as well as the proper size and hemoglobin content of circulating RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bouthelier
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-Arroyo
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Mesa-Ciller
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain,Pathology Anatomy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Calero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain,Translational Biophysics. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Herráez-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Guajardo-Grence
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Pacheco
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jiménez
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Quiroga
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morado
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain,Translational Biophysics. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Nephrology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés A. Urrutia
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author
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5
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Nicolas-Espinosa J, Yepes-Molina L, Carvajal M. Bioactive peptides from broccoli stems strongly enhance regenerative keratinocytes by stimulating controlled proliferation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:235-246. [PMID: 35086428 PMCID: PMC8797740 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2009522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As the interest on the research of plant derived bioactive peptides (BPs) for nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and medical applications is increasing, in this work, the application of peptide derived from broccoli to keratinocytes was studied. OBJECTIVE We focussed on the characterization of different peptides hydrolysates from broccoli stems [extracted from total protein (E) and from membrane protein (MF)], and their activity when applied to human keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptide mixtures from broccoli stems (E and MF) were characterized by proteomics. They were applied to HaCaT cells in order to study cytotoxicity in a concentration range between 20 and 0.15625 µg of protein/mL and wound healing was studied after 24 and 48 h of treatment application. Also, proteomic and gene expression of keratinocytes were analysed. RESULTS Depending on the source, proteins varied in peptide and amino acid composition. An increased proliferation of keratinocytes was shown after the application of the E peptides mixtures, reaching 190% with the lowest concentrations, but enhanced wound healing repair with E and MF appeared, reaching 59% of wound closure after 48 h. At the gene expression and protein levels of keratinocytes, the upregulation of anti-oncogene p53 and keratinization factors were observed. DISCUSSION These results suggest that peptide mixtures obtained from broccoli augmented cell proliferation and prevented the carcinogenic, uncontrolled growth of the cells, with different mechanisms depending on the protein source. CONCLUSIONS The results encourage the opening of new lines of research involving the use of Brassica peptides for pharmaceutic or cosmetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Oncogenic RAS commandeers amino acid sensing machinery to aberrantly activate mTORC1 in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5469. [PMID: 36115844 PMCID: PMC9482638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations are common in multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. However, the mechanisms of pathogenic RAS signaling in this disease remain enigmatic and difficult to inhibit therapeutically. We employ an unbiased proteogenomic approach to dissect RAS signaling in MM. We discover that mutant isoforms of RAS organize a signaling complex with the amino acid transporter, SLC3A2, and MTOR on endolysosomes, which directly activates mTORC1 by co-opting amino acid sensing pathways. MM tumors with high expression of mTORC1-dependent genes are more aggressive and enriched in RAS mutations, and we detect interactions between RAS and MTOR in MM patient tumors harboring mutant RAS isoforms. Inhibition of RAS-dependent mTORC1 activity synergizes with MEK and ERK inhibitors to quench pathogenic RAS signaling in MM cells. This study redefines the RAS pathway in MM and provides a mechanistic and rational basis to target this mode of RAS signaling. RAS mutations are commonly found in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, the authors show that oncogenic RAS mutations activate mTORC1 signalling in MM and combining mTORC1 and MEK/ERK inhibitors synergize to improve survival in preclinical models.
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Console L, Scalise M, Salerno S, Scanga R, Giudice D, De Bartolo L, Tonazzi A, Indiveri C. N-glycosylation is crucial for trafficking and stability of SLC3A2 (CD98). Sci Rep 2022; 12:14570. [PMID: 36028562 PMCID: PMC9418156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) is a membrane protein with pleiotropic roles in cells, ranging from modulation of inflammatory processes, host–pathogen interactions to association with membrane transporters of the SLC7 family. The recent resolution of CD98 structure in complex with LAT1 showed that four Asn residues, N365, N381, N424, N506, harbour N-glycosylation moieties. Then, the role of N-glycosylation on CD98 trafficking and stability was investigated by combining bioinformatics, site-directed mutagenesis and cell biology approach. Single, double, triple and quadruple mutants of the four Asn exhibited altered electrophoretic mobility, with apparent molecular masses from 95 to 70 kDa. The quadruple mutant displayed a single band of 70 kDa corresponding to the unglycosylated protein. The presence in the membrane and the trafficking of CD98 were evaluated by a biotinylation assay and a brefeldin assay, respectively. Taken together, the results highlighted that the quadruple mutation severely impaired both the stability and the trafficking of CD98 to the plasma membrane. The decreased presence of CD98 at the plasma membrane, correlated with a lower presence of LAT1 (SLC7A5) and its transport activity. This finding opens new perspectives for human therapy. Indeed, the inhibition of CD98 trafficking would act synergistically with LAT1 inhibitors that are under clinical trial for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Simona Salerno
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scanga
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Deborah Giudice
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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Montero JC, Calvo-Jiménez E, Del Carmen S, Abad M, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. Surfaceome analyses uncover CD98hc as an antibody drug-conjugate target in triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:106. [PMID: 35317825 PMCID: PMC8941813 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the incorporation of novel therapeutics, advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) still represents a relevant clinical problem. Considering this, as well as the clinical efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), we aimed at identifying novel ADC targets that could be used to treat TNBC. Methods Transcriptomic analyses were performed on TNBC and normal samples from three different studies. Plasma membrane proteins of three cell lines representative of the TNBC subtype were identified by cell surface biotinylation or plasma membrane isolation, followed by analyses of cell surface proteins using the Surfaceome online tool. Immunofluorescence and western studies were used to characterize the action of a CD98hc-directed ADC, which was prepared by in house coupling of emtansine to an antibody that recognized the ectodomain of CD98hc. Xenografted TNBC cells were used to analyze the antitumoral properties of the anti-CD98hc ADC. Results Comparative genomic studies between normal breast and TNBC tissues, together with proteomic and bioinformatic analyses resulted in the elaboration of a catalog of potential ADC targets. One of them, the CD98hc transmembrane protein, was validated as an ADC target. An antibody recognizing the ectodomain of CD98hc efficiently internalized and reached the lysosomal compartment. An emtansine-based ADC derived from such antibody was prepared and showed antitumoral properties in TNBC in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, the anti-CD98hc ADC blocked cell cycle progression, that was followed by cell death caused by mitotic catastrophe. Conclusions This work describes a list of potential ADC targets in TNBC and validates one of them, the transmembrane protein CD98hc. The studies presented here also demonstrate the robustness of the multiomic approach herewith described to identify novel potential ADC targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02330-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Montero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Elisa Calvo-Jiménez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
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Ye H, Li X, Lin J, Yang P, Su M. CD98hc has a pivotal role in maintaining the immuno-barrier integrity of basal layer cells in esophageal epithelium. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:98. [PMID: 35193580 PMCID: PMC8864845 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aims to find the linker between esophageal epithelial carcinogenesis and chronic inflammation and the origin of hyperproliferative cells in precancerous lesions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty one normal esophageal tissues from cadavers and 180 paired tissues from 60 surgical resected ESCC specimens were utilized for immunohistochemistry staining against CK14, CK6, CD98hc and Ki67. NE6 cell line was treated with H2O2 to mimic chronic inflammation microenvironment and TPA for malignant orientated transformation. Cell proliferation and CD98hc mRNA were assessed by CCK8 assay and RT-qPCR. RESULTS CD98hc expression was correlated with chronic inflammation severity, precancerous lesion stage, and epithelial cell proliferative activity. CD98hc expression and proliferation rate of NE6 were up regulated by low dose H2O2 treatment and long term TPA treatment. The proliferating cells in hyperplastic and dysplastic tissues could be divided into two patterns by the expression of CK14, CD98hc, CK6 and Ki67: CK14+CD98hc+CK6-Ki67- in basal cells with CK14-CD98hc-CK6+Ki67+ in proliferating cells and CK14+CD98hc+CK6+Ki67+ in both basal cells and proliferating cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that CD98hc was a marker of cells originated from basal cell in esophagus, ectopic expression of CD98hc in hyperplastic/dysplastic cells by chronic inflammation stimulation crippled the linkage between basal cell and basement membrane, sabotaged the integrity of the barrier in between lamina propria and epithelium, subsequentially initiate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ye
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Guangodng Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Judicial Critical Center, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Guangodng Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Judicial Critical Center, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Guangodng Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Judicial Critical Center, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Guangodng Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Judicial Critical Center, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Guangodng Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Judicial Critical Center, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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10
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Hasegawa K, Ikeda S, Yaga M, Watanabe K, Urakawa R, Iehara A, Iwai M, Hashiguchi S, Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Nakajima H, Nakata J, Nishida S, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Yoshihara S, Manabe M, Ichihara H, Mugitani A, Aoyama Y, Nakao T, Hirose A, Hino M, Ueda S, Takenaka K, Masuko T, Akashi K, Maruno T, Uchiyama S, Takamatsu S, Wada N, Morii E, Nagamori S, Motooka D, Kanai Y, Oji Y, Nakagawa T, Kijima N, Kishima H, Ikeda A, Ogino T, Shintani Y, Kubo T, Mihara E, Yusa K, Sugiyama H, Takagi J, Miyoshi E, Kumanogoh A, Hosen N. Selective targeting of multiple myeloma cells with a monoclonal antibody recognizing the ubiquitous protein CD98 heavy chain. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eaax7706. [PMID: 35171652 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific cell surface antigens are ideal therapeutic targets for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. Here, we report that multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable hematological malignancy, can be specifically targeted by an mAb that recognizes a ubiquitously present protein, CD98 heavy chain (hc) (also known as SLC3A2). We screened more than 10,000 mAb clones raised against MM cells and identified R8H283, an mAb that bound MM cells but not normal hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells. R8H283 specifically recognized CD98hc. R8H283 did not react with monomers of CD98hc; instead, it bound CD98hc in heterodimers with a CD98 light chain (CD98lc), a complex that functions as an amino acid transporter. CD98 heterodimers were abundant on MM cells and took up amino acids for constitutive production of immunoglobulin. Although CD98 heterodimers were also present on normal leukocytes, R8H283 did not react with them. The glycoforms of CD98hc present on normal leukocytes were distinct from those present on MM cells, which may explain the lack of R8H283 reactivity to normal leukocytes. R8H283 exerted anti-MM effects without damaging normal hematopoietic cells. These findings suggested that R8H283 is a candidate for mAb-based therapies for MM. In addition, our findings showed that a cancer-specific conformational epitope in a ubiquitous protein, which cannot be identified by transcriptome or proteome analyses, can be found by extensive screening of primary human tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moto Yaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouki Watanabe
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rika Urakawa
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akie Iehara
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mai Iwai
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seishin Hashiguchi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshihara
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Manabe
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka 545-0053, Japan
| | | | - Atsuko Mugitani
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka 594-0076, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Aoyama
- Department of Hematology, Fuchu Hospital, Osaka 594-0076, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakao
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Asao Hirose
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Shiho Ueda
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kijima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuyo Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tateki Kubo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emiko Mihara
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Wang Y, Qin L, Chen W, Chen Q, Sun J, Wang G. Novel strategies to improve tumour therapy by targeting the proteins MCT1, MCT4 and LAT1. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113806. [PMID: 34517305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor selectivity, potential systemic toxicity and drug resistance are the main challenges associated with chemotherapeutic drugs. MCT1 and MCT4 and LAT1 play vital roles in tumour metabolism and growth by taking up nutrients and are thus potential targets for tumour therapy. An increasing number of studies have shown the feasibility of including these transporters as components of tumour-targeting therapy. Here, we summarize the recent progress in MCT1-, MCT4-and LAT1-based therapeutic strategies. First, protein structures, expression, relationships with cancer, and substrate characteristics are introduced. Then, different drug targeting and delivery strategies using these proteins have been reviewed, including designing protein inhibitors, prodrugs and nanoparticles. Finally, a dual targeted strategy is discussed because these proteins exert a synergistic effect on tumour proliferation. This article concentrates on tumour treatments targeting MCT1, MCT4 and LAT1 and delivery techniques for improving the antitumour effect. These innovative tactics represent current state-of-the-art developments in transporter-based antitumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Personnel Department, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Liuxin Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
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12
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Pellizzari G, Martinez O, Crescioli S, Page R, Di Meo A, Mele S, Chiaruttini G, Hoinka J, Batruch I, Prassas I, Grandits M, López-Abente J, Bugallo-Blanco E, Ward M, Bax HJ, French E, Cheung A, Lombardi S, Figini M, Lacy KE, Diamandis EP, Josephs DH, Spicer J, Papa S, Karagiannis SN. Immunotherapy using IgE or CAR T cells for cancers expressing the tumor antigen SLC3A2. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002140. [PMID: 34112739 PMCID: PMC8194339 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies can benefit from selection of new targets with high levels of tumor specificity and from early assessments of efficacy and safety to derisk potential therapies. Methods Employing mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, immuno-mass spectrometry and CRISPR/Cas9 we identified the target of the tumor-specific SF-25 antibody. We engineered IgE and CAR T cell immunotherapies derived from the SF-25 clone and evaluated potential for cancer therapy. Results We identified the target of the SF-25 clone as the tumor-associated antigen SLC3A2, a cell surface protein with key roles in cancer metabolism. We generated IgE monoclonal antibody, and CAR T cell immunotherapies each recognizing SLC3A2. In concordance with preclinical and, more recently, clinical findings with the first-in-class IgE antibody MOv18 (recognizing the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha), SF-25 IgE potentiated Fc-mediated effector functions against cancer cells in vitro and restricted human tumor xenograft growth in mice engrafted with human effector cells. The antibody did not trigger basophil activation in cancer patient blood ex vivo, suggesting failure to induce type I hypersensitivity, and supporting safe therapeutic administration. SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells demonstrated cytotoxicity against tumor cells, stimulated interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production in vitro. In vivo SLC3A2-specific CAR T cells significantly increased overall survival and reduced growth of subcutaneous PC3-LN3-luciferase xenografts. No weight loss, manifestations of cytokine release syndrome or graft-versus-host disease, were detected. Conclusions These findings identify efficacious and potentially safe tumor-targeting of SLC3A2 with novel immune-activating antibody and genetically modified cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellizzari
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Olivier Martinez
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Robert Page
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Ashley Di Meo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jan Hoinka
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Grandits
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jacobo López-Abente
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | | | | | - Heather J Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Elise French
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Dipartimento di Ricerca Applicata e Sviluppo Tecnologico (DRAST), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- Immunoengineering Group, King's College London, London, England, UK .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England, UK .,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
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13
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The heavy chain of 4F2 antigen promote prostate cancer progression via SKP-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11478. [PMID: 34075107 PMCID: PMC8169706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc) forms a heterodimeric complex with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and transports large neutral essential amino acids. However, in contrast to the traditional role of LAT1 in various cancers, the role of 4F2hc has largely remained unknown. The role of 4F2hc in prostate cancer was studied. Treatment of C4-2 cells with si4F2hc was found to suppress cellular growth, migratory and invasive abilities, with this effect occurring through the cell cycle, with a significant decrease in S phase and a significant increase in G0/G1 phase, suggesting cell cycle arrest. In addition, it was proven by RNA seq that the key to 4F2hc’s impact on cancer is SKP2. si4F2hc upregulates the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (P21cip1, P27kip1) through the downstream target SKP2. Furthermore, the expression of 4F2hc and LAT1 in prostate cancer cells suggests the importance of 4F2hc. Multivariate analysis showed that high 4F2hc expression was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (HR 11.54, p = 0.0357). High 4F2hc was related to the clinical tumour stage (p = 0.0255) and Gleason score (p = 0.0035). Collectively, 4F2hc contributed significantly to prostate cancer (PC) progression. 4F2hc may be a novel marker and therapeutic target in PC.
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14
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Chase LA, VerHeulen Kleyn M, Schiller N, King AG, Flores G, Engelsman SB, Bowles C, Smith SL, Robinson AE, Rothstein J. Hydrogen peroxide triggers an increase in cell surface expression of system x c- in cultured human glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2019; 134:104648. [PMID: 31874187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
System xc- exchanges extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate across the plasma membrane of many cell types. One of the physiological roles of System xc- is to provide cystine for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Here we report that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers the translocation of System xc- to the plasma membrane within 10 min of the initial exposure. Specifically, we observed a three-fold increase in 35S-l-cystine uptake following a 10 min exposure to 0.3 mM H2O2. This effect was dose-dependent with an EC50 for H2O2 of 65 μM. We then used cell surface biotinylation analysis to test the hypothesis that the increase in activity is due to an increased number of transporters on the plasma membrane. We demonstrated that the amount of transporter protein, xCT, localized to the plasma membrane doubles within 10 min of H2O2 exposure as a result of an increase in its delivery rate and a reduction in its internalization rate. In addition, we demonstrated that H2O2 triggered a rapid decrease in total cellular glutathione which recovered within 2 h of the oxidative insult. The kinetics of glutathione recovery matched the time course for the recovery of xCT cell surface expression and System xc- activity following removal of the oxidative insult. Collectively, these results suggest that oxidants acutely modulate the activity of System xc- by increasing its cell surface expression, and that this process may serve as an important mechanism to increase de novo glutathione synthesis during periods of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Chase
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA.
| | | | - NaTasha Schiller
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Abby Goltz King
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Guillermo Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Lang Smith
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Anne E Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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15
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Elias G, Ogunjimi B, Van Tendeloo V. Tracking Dye-Independent Approach to Identify and Isolate In Vitro Expanded T Cells. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1096-1107. [PMID: 31356002 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T cell proliferation is routinely identified in vitro using tracking dyes or through detecting intracellular upregulation of the nuclear protein, Ki-67. However, labeling with tracking dyes is cumbersome, associated with cellular toxicity, while Ki-67 cannot be used to identify and isolate viable T cells, and both techniques are incompatible with MACS technology. Here, we introduce a simple tool to identify and isolate in vitro T cell expansion that is tracking dye-independent and allows for sorting of viable T cells. We show that CD71, a transferrin receptor, and CD98, a heterodimer glycoprotein involved in both integrin signaling and amino-acid transport, are both highly upregulated on proliferating T cells upon in vitro stimulation, and that CD71 expression is maximal on the more recent progeny T cells, while CD98 upregulation remains stable across different generations of progeny T cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the upregulation of CD71 and CD98 identifies CFSElow T cells and provides further proof of the antigen-specificity of T cells identified by CD71 and CD98 dual upregulation based on tetramer staining. We further show that CD71 can be used to enrich for in vitro expanding T cells using MACS technology. In conclusion, we show that CD71 and CD98 can be used to identify and isolate expanded T cells following in vitro stimulation and that CD71 is an MACS-compatible alternative to tracking dyes or Ki-67 detection. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Elias
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), Antwerp, Belgium.,Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Antwerp Centre for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Wong WC, Juo JY, Lin CH, Liao YH, Cheng CY, Hsieh CL. Characterization of Single-Protein Dynamics in Polymer-Cushioned Lipid Bilayers Derived from Cell Plasma Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6492-6504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Cheng Wong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jz-Yuan Juo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ya Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Chiduza GN, Johnson RM, Wright GSA, Antonyuk SV, Muench SP, Hasnain SS. LAT1 (SLC7A5) and CD98hc (SLC3A2) complex dynamics revealed by single-particle cryo-EM. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:660-669. [PMID: 31282475 PMCID: PMC7285653 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319009094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers are a large class of transporters that play key roles in normal and disease physiology. Among the solute carriers, heteromeric amino-acid transporters (HATs) are unique in their quaternary structure. LAT1-CD98hc, a HAT, transports essential amino acids and drugs across the blood-brain barrier and into cancer cells. It is therefore an important target both biologically and therapeutically. During the course of this work, cryo-EM structures of LAT1-CD98hc in the inward-facing conformation and in either the substrate-bound or apo states were reported to 3.3-3.5 Å resolution [Yan et al. (2019), Nature (London), 568, 127-130]. Here, these structures are analyzed together with our lower resolution cryo-EM structure, and multibody 3D auto-refinement against single-particle cryo-EM data was used to characterize the dynamics of the interaction of CD98hc and LAT1. It is shown that the CD98hc ectodomain and the LAT1 extracellular surface share no substantial interface. This allows the CD98hc ectodomain to have a high degree of movement within the extracellular space. The functional implications of these aspects are discussed together with the structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Chiduza
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Rachel M. Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Gareth S. A. Wright
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Svetlana V. Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
| | - Stephen P. Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - S. Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England
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18
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Proteomic analysis of cholera toxin adjuvant-stimulated human monocytes identifies Thrombospondin-1 and Integrin-β1 as strongly upregulated molecules involved in adjuvant activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2812. [PMID: 30808871 PMCID: PMC6391456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera Toxin (CT) as well as its related non-toxic mmCT and dmLT mutant proteins have been shown to be potent adjuvants for mucosally administered vaccines. Their adjuvant activity involves activation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and inflammasome/IL-1β pathways in antigen presenting cells (APC). To get a further understanding of the signal transduction and downstream pathways activated in APCs by this group of adjuvants we have, employing quantitative proteomic analytic tools, investigated human monocytes at various time points after treatment with CT. We report the activation of three main biological pathways among upregulated proteins, peaking at 16 hours of CT treatment: cellular organization, metabolism, and immune response. Specifically, in the further analyzed immune response pathway we note a strong upregulation of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and integrin β1 (ITGB1) in response to CT as well as to mmCT and dmLT, mediated via cAMP/PKA and NFKB signaling. Importantly, inhibition in vitro of THSB1 and ITGB1 in monocytes or primary dendritic cells using siRNA abrogated the ability of the treated APCs to promote an adjuvant-stimulated Th17 cell response when co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes indicating the involvement of these molecules in the adjuvant action on APCs by CT, mmCT and dmLT.
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19
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Morrin ST, Owens RA, Le Berre M, Gerlach JQ, Joshi L, Bode L, Irwin JA, Hickey RM. Interrogation of Milk-Driven Changes to the Proteome of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Integrated Proteomics and Glycomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1902-1917. [PMID: 30663306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum is a rich source of bioactive components which are important in the development of the intestine, in stimulating gut structure and function and in preparing the gut surface for subsequent colonization of microbes. What is not clear, however, is how colostrum may affect the repertoire of receptors and membrane proteins of the intestinal surface and the post-translational modifications associated with them. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the surface receptor and glycan profile of human HT-29 intestinal cells after exposure to a bovine colostrum fraction (BCF) by means of proteomic and glycomic analyses. Integration of label-free quantitative proteomic analysis and lectin array profiles confirmed that BCF exposure results in changes in the levels of glycoproteins present at the cell surface and also changes to their glycosylation pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of how milk components may regulate intestinal cells and prime them for bacterial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead T Morrin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark , Fermoy, P61C996 , County Cork , Ireland
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 , Ireland
| | - Rebecca A Owens
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth , W23 F2H6 , County Kildare , Ireland
| | - Marie Le Berre
- Glycoscience Group, Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science , National University of Ireland Galway , H91TK33 , Galway , Ireland
| | - Jared Q Gerlach
- Glycoscience Group, Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science , National University of Ireland Galway , H91TK33 , Galway , Ireland
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science , National University of Ireland Galway , H91TK33 , Galway , Ireland
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jane A Irwin
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 , Ireland
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark , Fermoy, P61C996 , County Cork , Ireland
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20
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Abstract
The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important contributor to plasma amino acid homeostasis, while amino acid transport in the large intestine is more relevant for bacterial metabolites and fluid secretion. A number of rare inherited disorders have contributed to the identification of amino acid transporters in epithelial cells of the small intestine, in particular cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance, Hartnup disorder, iminoglycinuria, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. These are most readily detected by analysis of urine amino acids, but typically also affect intestinal transport. The genes underlying these disorders have all been identified. The remaining transporters were identified through molecular cloning techniques to the extent that a comprehensive portrait of functional cooperation among transporters of intestinal epithelial cells is now available for both the basolateral and apical membranes. Mouse models of most intestinal transporters illustrate their contribution to amino acid homeostasis and systemic physiology. Intestinal amino acid transport activities can vary between species, but these can now be explained as differences of amino acid transporter distribution along the intestine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:343-373, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen J Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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21
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Ghodrati F, Mehrabian M, Williams D, Halgas O, Bourkas MEC, Watts JC, Pai EF, Schmitt-Ulms G. The prion protein is embedded in a molecular environment that modulates transforming growth factor β and integrin signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8654. [PMID: 29872131 PMCID: PMC5988664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At times, it can be difficult to discern if a lack of overlap in reported interactions for a protein-of-interest reflects differences in methodology or biology. In such instances, systematic analyses of protein-protein networks across diverse paradigms can provide valuable insights. Here, we interrogated the interactome of the prion protein (PrP), best known for its central role in prion diseases, in four mouse cell lines. Analyses made use of identical affinity capture and sample processing workflows. Negative controls were generated from PrP knockout lines of the respective cell models, and the relative levels of peptides were quantified using isobaric labels. The study uncovered 26 proteins that reside in proximity to PrP. All of these proteins are predicted to have access to the outer face of the plasma membrane, and approximately half of them were not reported to interact with PrP before. Strikingly, although several proteins exhibited profound co-enrichment with PrP in a given model, except for the neural cell adhesion molecule 1, no protein was highly enriched in all PrP-specific interactomes. However, Gene Ontology analyses revealed a shared association of the majority of PrP candidate interactors with cellular events at the intersection of transforming growth factor β and integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ghodrati
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mohadeseh Mehrabian
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Ondrej Halgas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew E C Bourkas
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joel C Watts
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Emil F Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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22
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Alcaraz-Serna A, Somovilla-Crespo B, Muñoz-Calleja C. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Not Just Lineage-Specific Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1936. [PMID: 29387053 PMCID: PMC5776327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a widespread and necessary tool for biomedical science. In the hematological cancer field, since rituximab became the first mAb approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, a number of effective mAbs targeting lineage-specific antigens (LSAs) have been successfully developed. Non-LSAs (NLSAs) are molecules that are not restricted to specific leukocyte subsets or tissues but play relevant pathogenic roles in blood cancers including the development, proliferation, survival, and refractoriness to therapy of tumor cells. In consequence, efforts to target NLSAs have resulted in a plethora of mAbs-marketed or in development-to achieve different goals like neutralizing oncogenic pathways, blocking tumor-related chemotactic pathways, mobilizing malignant cells from tumor microenvironment to peripheral blood, modulating immune-checkpoints, or delivering cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells. Here, we extensively review several novel mAbs directed against NLSAs undergoing clinical evaluation for treating hematological malignancies. The review focuses on the structure of these antibodies, proposed mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety profile in clinical studies, and their potential applications in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Serna
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Johnson DL, Wayt J, Wilson JM, Donaldson JG. Arf6 and Rab22 mediate T cell conjugate formation by regulating clathrin-independent endosomal membrane trafficking. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2405-2415. [PMID: 28584192 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking can influence the composition of the plasma membrane and the ability of cells to polarize their membranes. Here, we examined whether trafficking through clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) affects the ability of T cells to form a cell-cell conjugate with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We show that CIE occurs in both the Jurkat T cell line and primary human T cells. In Jurkat cells, the activities of two guanine nucleotide binding proteins, Arf6 and Rab22 (also known as Rab22a), influence CIE and conjugate formation. Expression of the constitutively active form of Arf6, Arf6Q67L, inhibits CIE and conjugate formation, and results in the accumulation of vacuoles containing lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and CD4, molecules important for T cell interaction with the APC. Moreover, expression of the GTP-binding defective mutant of Rab22, Rab22S19N, inhibits CIE and conjugate formation, suggesting that Rab22 function is required for these activities. Furthermore, Jurkat cells expressing Rab22S19N were impaired in spreading onto coverslips coated with T cell receptor-activating antibodies. These observations support a role for CIE, Arf6 and Rab22 in conjugate formation between T cells and APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Johnson
- Cell Biology & Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jessica Wayt
- Cell Biology & Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jean M Wilson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Julie G Donaldson
- Cell Biology & Physiology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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24
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Canup BS, Song H, Le Ngo V, Meng X, Denning TL, Garg P, Laroui H. CD98 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles decrease hepatic steatosis in mice. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:188-196. [PMID: 27939923 PMCID: PMC6475075 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid hepatic accumulation. Here, we investigated whether a reduction of CD98 expression mediated by CD98 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) could attenuate liver disease markers in a mouse model of NAFLD. NPs were generated using a double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. Mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks to induce fatty liver were treated with vein tail injections of CD98 siRNA-loaded NPs. In vitro, HepG2 treated with CD98 siRNA-loaded NPs showed significant downregulation of CD98 leading to a significant decrease of major pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers. In vivo, CD98 siRNA-loaded NPs strongly decreased all markers of NAFLD, including the blood levels of ALT and lipids accumulation, fibrosis evidence and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our results indicate that CD98 appears to function as a key actor/inducer in NAFLD, and that our NPs approach may offer a new targeted therapeutic for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S.B. Canup
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vu Le Ngo
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiangxiao Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L. Denning
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pallavi Garg
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Bianconi D, Unseld M, Prager GW. Integrins in the Spotlight of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122037. [PMID: 27929432 PMCID: PMC5187837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that bind to different extracellular ligands depending on their composition and regulate all processes which enable multicellular life. In cancer, integrins trigger and play key roles in all the features that were once described as the Hallmarks of Cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of integrins to these hallmarks, including uncontrolled and limitless proliferation, invasion of tumor cells, promotion of tumor angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis and resistance to growth suppressors, by highlighting the latest findings. Further on, given the paramount role of integrins in cancer, we will present novel strategies for integrin inhibition that are starting to emerge, promising a hopeful future regarding cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bianconi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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26
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CD98 signals controlling tumorigenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:148-150. [PMID: 27840151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD98 is implicated in a large number of cancers. CD98 regulates amino acid transport and integrin signaling, which are key drivers in tumor progression. The light chain in the CD98 heterodimer functions as an amino acid exchanger. Alongside the light chain, the heavy chain forms a heterocomplex at the plasma membrane to mediate signaling pathways. In this article, we review various approaches to blocking CD98 activity, which may lead to novel opportunities in cancer therapeutics.
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27
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Bragazzi Cunha J, Wobus CE. Select membrane proteins modulate MNV-1 infection of macrophages and dendritic cells in a cell type-specific manner. Virus Res 2016; 222:64-70. [PMID: 27264433 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Noroviruses cause gastroenteritis in humans and other animals, are shed in the feces, and spread through the fecal-oral route. Host cellular expression of attachment and entry receptors for noroviruses is thought to be a key determinant of cell tropism and the strict species-specificity. However, to date, only carbohydrates have been identified as attachment receptors for noroviruses. Thus, we investigated whether host cellular proteins play a role during the early steps of norovirus infection. We used murine norovirus (MNV) as a representative norovirus, since MNV grows well in tissue culture and is a frequently used model to study basic aspects of norovirus biology. Virus overlay protein binding assay followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed in two permissive cell lines, RAW264.7 (murine macrophages) and SRDC (murine dendritic cells) to identify four cellular membrane proteins as candidates. Loss-of-function studies revealed that CD36 and CD44 promoted MNV-1 binding to primary dendritic cells, while CD98 heavy chain (CD98) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfRc) facilitated MNV-1 binding to RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the VP1 protruding domain of MNV-1 interacted directly with the extracellular domains of recombinant murine CD36, CD98 and TfRc by ELISA. Additionally, MNV-1 infection of RAW 264.7 cells was enhanced by soluble rCD98 extracellular domain. These studies demonstrate that multiple membrane proteins can promote efficient MNV-1 infection in a cell type-specific manner. Future studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms by which each of these proteins affect the MNV-1 infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bragazzi Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
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28
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Kurko J, Vähä-Mäkilä M, Tringham M, Tanner L, Paavanen-Huhtala S, Saarinen M, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Niinikoski H, Mykkänen J. Dysfunction in macrophage toll-like receptor signaling caused by an inborn error of cationic amino acid transport. Mol Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26210182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids, especially arginine, are vital for the well-being and activity of immune cells, and disruption of amino acid balance may weaken immunity and predispose to infectious and autoimmune diseases. We present here a model of an inborn aminoaciduria, lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), in which a single mutation in y(+)LAT1 cationic amino acid transporter gene SLC7A7 leads to a multisystem disease characterized by immunological complications, life-threatening pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and nephropathy. Macrophages are suggested to play a central role in LPI in the development of these severe secondary symptoms. We thus studied the effect of the Finnish y(+)LAT1 mutation on monocyte-derived macrophages where toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the key molecules in innate immune response against external pathogens. The function of LPI patient and control macrophage TLR signaling was examined by stimulating the TLR2/1, TLR4 and TLR9 pathways with their associated pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Downregulation in expression of TLR9, IRF7, IRF3 and IFNB1 and in secretion of IFN-α was detected, suggesting an impaired response to TLR9 stimulation. In addition, secretion of TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-1RA by TLR2/1 stimulation and IL-12 and IL-1RA by TLR4 stimulation was increased in the LPI patients. LPI macrophages secreted significantly less nitric oxide than control macrophages, whereas plasma concentrations of inflammatory chemokines CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 were elevated in the LPI patients. In conclusion, our results strengthen the relevance of macrophages in the pathogenesis of LPI and, furthermore, suggest that cationic amino acid transport plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kurko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Mari Vähä-Mäkilä
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Maaria Tringham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura Tanner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Sari Paavanen-Huhtala
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Maiju Saarinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 1, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kirsti Näntö-Salonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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29
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Jin SE, Jin HE, Hong SS. Targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 for anticancer therapy: clinical impact from diagnostics to therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1319-37. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1044975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Hayes GM, Chinn L, Cantor JM, Cairns B, Levashova Z, Tran H, Velilla T, Duey D, Lippincott J, Zachwieja J, Ginsberg MH, H van der Horst E. Antitumor activity of an anti-CD98 antibody. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:710-20. [PMID: 25556716 PMCID: PMC6680144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD98 is expressed on several tissue types and specifically upregulated on fast-cycling cells undergoing clonal expansion. Various solid (e.g., nonsmall cell lung carcinoma) as well as hematological malignancies (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia) overexpress CD98. We have identified a CD98-specific mouse monoclonal antibody that exhibits potent preclinical antitumor activity against established lymphoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, the humanized antibody designated IGN523 demonstrated robust tumor growth inhibition in leukemic cell-line derived xenograft models and was as efficacious as standard of care carboplatin in patient-derived nonsmall lung cancer xenografts. In vitro studies revealed that IGN523 elicited strong ADCC activity, induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and inhibited essential amino acid transport function, ultimately resulting in caspase-3 and -7-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. IGN523 is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial for acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02040506). Furthermore, preclinical data support the therapeutic potential of IGN523 in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Cantor
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Hoang Tran
- Pre-Clinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, CA
| | | | - Dana Duey
- Pre-Clinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, CA
| | | | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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31
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Keriel A, Botella E, Estrach S, Bragagnolo G, Vergunst AC, Feral CC, O'Callaghan D. Brucella Intracellular Life Relies on the Transmembrane Protein CD98 Heavy Chain. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1769-78. [PMID: 25505297 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella are intracellular bacterial pathogens that use a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to escape host defenses and create a niche in which they can multiply. Although the importance of Brucella T4SS is clear, little is known about its interactions with host cell structures. In this study, we identified the eukaryotic protein CD98hc as a partner for Brucella T4SS subunit VirB2. This transmembrane glycoprotein is involved in amino acid transport, modulation of integrin signaling, and cell-to-cell fusion. Knockdown of CD98hc expression in HeLa cells demonstrated that it is essential for Brucella infection. Using knockout dermal fibroblasts, we confirmed its role for Brucella but found that it is not required for Salmonella infection. CD98hc transiently accumulates around the bacteria during the early phases of infection and is required for both optimal bacterial uptake and intracellular multiplication of Brucella. These results provide new insights into the complex interplay between Brucella and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Keriel
- INSERM, U1047 Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes
| | - Eric Botella
- INSERM, U1047 Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes
| | - Soline Estrach
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - Chloe C Feral
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
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Estrach S, Lee SA, Boulter E, Pisano S, Errante A, Tissot FS, Cailleteau L, Pons C, Ginsberg MH, Féral CC. CD98hc (SLC3A2) loss protects against ras-driven tumorigenesis by modulating integrin-mediated mechanotransduction. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6878-89. [PMID: 25267066 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CD98hc (SLC3A2) is the heavy chain component of the dimeric transmembrane glycoprotein CD98, which comprises the large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) in cells. Overexpression of CD98hc occurs widely in cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis clinically, but its exact contributions to tumorigenesis are uncertain. In this study, we showed that genetic deficiency of CD98hc protects against Ras-driven skin carcinogenesis. Deleting CD98hc after tumor induction was also sufficient to cause regression of existing tumors. Investigations into the basis for these effects defined two new functions of CD98hc that contribute to epithelial cancer beyond an intrinsic effect of CD98hc on tumor cell proliferation. First, CD98hc increased the stiffness of the tumor microenvironment. Second, CD98hc amplified the capacity of cells to respond to matrix rigidity, an essential factor in tumor development. Mechanistically, CD98hc mediated this stiffness sensing by increasing Rho kinase (ROCK) activity, resulting in increased transcription mediated by YAP/TAZ, a nuclear relay for mechanical signals. Our results suggest that CD98hc contributes to carcinogenesis by amplifying a positive feedback loop, which increases both extracellular matrix stiffness and resulting cellular responses. This work supports a rationale to explore the use of CD98hc inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soline Estrach
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Sin-Ae Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Etienne Boulter
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. AFM Core facility, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Aurélia Errante
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Floriane S Tissot
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Cailleteau
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Pons
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Chloé C Féral
- INSERM, U1081, CNRS, UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Avenir Team, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
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Fei F, Li X, Xu L, Li D, Zhang Z, Guo X, Yang H, Chen Z, Xing J. CD147-CD98hc Complex Contributes to Poor Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Through Promoting Cell Proliferation Via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:4359-68. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Toyoda M, Kaira K, Shino M, Sakakura K, Takahashi K, Takayasu Y, Tominaga H, Oriuchi N, Nikkuni O, Suzuki M, Iijima M, Tsukamoto N, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K. CD98 as a novel prognostic indicator for patients with stage III/IV hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:1569-74. [PMID: 24913970 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and CD98 are strongly expressed in primary human cancer and play essential roles in tumor growth. We studied the clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and CD98 expression in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS A total of 70 patients with stage III/IV disease were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections was used to examine LAT1, CD98, Ki-67, CD34, and p53. RESULTS High LAT1 and CD98 expression were noted in 60.0% and 47.1%, respectively (p = .174). A statistically significant correlation was recognized between LAT1 and CD98 expression and both expressions were closely associated with tumor cell proliferation. Although LAT1 expression was not significantly associated with poor survival, multivariate analysis revealed high CD98 expression to be an independent prognostic factor for predicting a poor outcome. CONCLUSION CD98 is a promising prognostic marker for predicting outcomes after surgical treatment in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroru Toyoda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.,Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masato Shino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Takayasu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tominaga
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noboru Oriuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Osamu Nikkuni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Misa Iijima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Shushi Nagamori
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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Sun C, Zargham R, Shao Q, Gui X, Marcus V, Lazaris A, Salman A, Metrakos P, Qu X, Gao Z. Association of CD98, integrin β1, integrin β3 and Fak with the progression and liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:668-74. [PMID: 25041835 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD98-mediated β1 and β3 integrins activation can induce Fak phosphorylation which eventually promotes cell survival, proliferation, and migration. We evaluated the expression of CD98, integrin β1, integrin β3 and Fak in 45 cases of matched colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver metastases as well as 35 cases of CRC without liver metastases. There was a gradual increase of the expression of CD98, integrin β1, integrin β3 and Fak as tumor progressed from normal colon to carcinoma to budding tumor cells at the invasive front and to liver metastases. The expression of CD98 and integrin β1 in CRC with liver metastases was significantly higher than that in CRC without liver metastases. Furthermore, for those liver metastases with desmoplastic growth pattern, expression of CD98, integrin β1, integrin β3 and Fak at the metastases center was as strong as that at the metastases periphery. For those liver metastases with pushing or replacement growth patterns, more intense expression of these markers was found at the metastases center than the periphery. Overexpression of CD98, integrin β1, integrin β3 and Fak is associated with the progression and liver metastases of CRC. Overexpression of these markers in liver metastases requires direct contact between tumor cells and the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ramin Zargham
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xianyong Gui
- Department of Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victoria Marcus
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ayat Salman
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zuhua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Differential expression of proteins in naïve and IL-2 stimulated primary human NK cells identified by global proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2013; 91:151-163. [PMID: 23806757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Natural killer (NK) cells efficiently cytolyse tumors and virally infected cells. Despite the important role that interleukin (IL)-2 plays in stimulating the proliferation of NK cells and increasing NK cell activity, little is known about the alterations in the global NK cell proteome following IL-2 activation. To compare the proteomes of naïve and IL-2-activated primary NK cells and identify key cellular pathways involved in IL-2 signaling, we isolated proteins from naïve and IL-2-activated NK cells from healthy donors, the proteins were trypsinized and the resulting peptides were analyzed by 2D LC ESI-MS/MS followed by label-free quantification. In total, more than 2000 proteins were identified from naïve and IL-2-activated NK cells where 383 proteins were found to be differentially expressed following IL-2 activation. Functional annotation of IL-2 regulated proteins revealed potential targets for future investigation of IL-2 signaling in human primary NK cells. A pathway analysis was performed and revealed several pathways that were not previously known to be involved in IL-2 response, including ubiquitin proteasome pathway, integrin signaling pathway, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The development and functional activity of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by interleukin (IL)-2 which stimulates the proliferation of NK cells and increases NK cell activity. With the development of IL-2-based immunotherapeutic strategies that rely on the IL-2-mediated activation of NK cells to target human cancers, it is important to understand the global molecular events triggered by IL-2 in human NK cells. The differentially expressed proteins in human primary NK cells following IL-2 activation identified in this study confirmed the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and cell proliferation by IL-2 as expected, but also led to the discovery and identification of other factors that are potentially important in IL-2 signaling. These new factors warrant further investigation on their potential roles in modulating NK cell biology. The results from this study suggest that the activation of NK cells by IL-2 is a dynamic process through which proteins with various functions are regulated. Such findings will be important for the elucidation of molecular pathways involved in IL-2 signaling in NK cells and provide new targets for future studies in NK cell biology.
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Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus uses eph family receptors for entry into B cells and endothelial cells but not fibroblasts. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003360. [PMID: 23696734 PMCID: PMC3656109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinases (Ephrin receptors, Ephs) were found to interact efficiently with the gH/gL glycoprotein complex of the rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV). Since EphA2 was recently identified as a receptor for the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (Hahn et al., Nature Medicine 2012), we analyzed RRV and KSHV in parallel with respect to Eph-binding and Eph-dependent entry. Ten of the 14 Eph proteins, including both A- and B-type, interacted with RRV gH/gL. Two RRV strains with markedly different gH/gL sequences exhibited similar but slightly different binding patterns to Ephs. gH/gL of KSHV displayed high affinity towards EphA2 but substantially weaker binding to only a few other Ephs of the A-type. Productive entry of RRV 26-95 into B cells and into endothelial cells was essentially completely dependent upon Ephs since expression of a GFP reporter cassette from recombinant virus could be blocked to greater than 95% by soluble Eph decoys using these cells. In contrast, entry of RRV into fibroblasts and epithelial cells was independent of Ephs by these same criteria. Even high concentrations and mixtures of soluble Eph decoys were not able to reduce by any appreciable extent the number of fibroblasts and epithelial cells productively entered by RRV. Thus, RRV is similar to its close relative KSHV in the use of Eph family receptors for productive entry into B cells and endothelial cells. However, RRV uses a separate, distinct, Eph-independent pathway for productive entry into fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Whether KSHV also uses an Eph-independent pathway in some circumstances or to some extent remains to be determined.
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Boulter E, Estrach S, Errante A, Pons C, Cailleteau L, Tissot F, Meneguzzi G, Féral CC. CD98hc (SLC3A2) regulation of skin homeostasis wanes with age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:173-90. [PMID: 23296466 PMCID: PMC3549711 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CD98hc expression in young adult skin induces changes similar to those associated with aging, including improper skin homeostasis and epidermal wound healing. Skin aging is linked to reduced epidermal proliferation and general extracellular matrix atrophy. This involves factors such as the cell adhesion receptors integrins and amino acid transporters. CD98hc (SLC3A2), a heterodimeric amino acid transporter, modulates integrin signaling in vitro. We unravel CD98hc functions in vivo in skin. We report that CD98hc invalidation has no appreciable effect on cell adhesion, clearly showing that CD98hc disruption phenocopies neither CD98hc knockdown in cultured keratinocytes nor epidermal β1 integrin loss in vivo. Instead, we show that CD98hc deletion in murine epidermis results in improper skin homeostasis and epidermal wound healing. These defects resemble aged skin alterations and correlate with reduction of CD98hc expression observed in elderly mice. We also demonstrate that CD98hc absence in vivo induces defects as early as integrin-dependent Src activation. We decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in vivo by revealing a crucial role of the CD98hc/integrins/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG)/RhoA pathway in skin homeostasis. Finally, we demonstrate that the deregulation of RhoA activation in the absence of CD98hc is also a result of impaired CD98hc-dependent amino acid transports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulter
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice, AVENIR Team, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice 06107, France
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous vasodilator molecule synthetized from L-arginine by a family of nitric oxide synthases. In differentiated human endothelial cells, it is well known that L-arginine uptake via cationic amino acid transporters (y(+)/CAT) or system y(+)L is required for the NO synthesis via endothelial nitric oxide synthase, but there are no reports in human endothelial progenitor cell (hEPC). Therefore, we isolated hEPCs from peripheral blood of healthy donors and cultured them for either 3 (hEPC-3d) or 14 days (hEPC-14d) to characterize the L-arginine transport and NO synthesis in those cells. L-arginine transport and NO synthesis were analyzed in the presence or absence of N-ethylmaleimide or L-nitroarginine methyl ester, as inhibitors of y(+)/CAT system and nitric oxide synthases, respectively. The results showed that L-arginine uptake is higher in hEPC-14d than in hEPC-3d. Kinetic parameters for L-arginine transport showed the existence of at least 2 transporter systems in hEPC: a high affinity transporter system (K(m)= 4.8 ± 1.1 μM for hEPC-3d and 6.1 ± 2.4 μM for hEPC-14d) and a medium affinity transporter system (K(m) = 85.1 ± 4.0 μM for hEPC-3d and 95.1 ± 8 μM for hEPC-14d). Accordingly, hEPC expressed mRNA and protein for CAT-1 (ie, system y(+)) and mRNA for 2 subunits of y(+)L system, yLAT1, and 4F2hc. Higher L-citruline production and NO bioavailability (4-fold), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (both mRNA and protein) were observed in hEPC-14d compared with hEPC-3d. Finally, the high L-citruline formation observed in hEPC-14d was blocked by N-ethylmaleimide. In conclusion, this study allowed to identity a functional L-arginine/NO pathway in two hEPC differentiation stages, which improves the understanding of the physiology of these precursor cells.
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Chan O, Burke JD, Gao DF, Fish EN. The chemokine CCL5 regulates glucose uptake and AMP kinase signaling in activated T cells to facilitate chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29406-16. [PMID: 22782897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.348946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of effector T cells to sites of infection or inflammation is essential for an effective adaptive immune response. The chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) activates its cognate receptor, CCR5, to initiate cellular functions, including chemotaxis. In earlier studies, we reported that CCL5-induced CCR5 signaling activates the mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway to directly modulate mRNA translation. Specifically, CCL5-mediated mTOR activation contributes to T cell chemotaxis by initiating the synthesis of chemotaxis-related proteins. Up-regulation of chemotaxis-related proteins may prime T cells for efficient migration. It is now clear that mTOR is also a central regulator of nutrient sensing and glycolysis. Herein we describe a role for CCL5-mediated glucose uptake and ATP accumulation to meet the energy demands of chemotaxis in activated T cells. We provide evidence that CCL5 is able to induce glucose uptake in an mTOR-dependent manner. CCL5 treatment of ex vivo activated human CD3(+) T cells also induced the activation of the nutrient-sensing kinase AMPK and downstream substrates ACC-1, PFKFB-2, and GSK-3β. Using 2-deoxy-d-glucose, an inhibitor of glucose uptake, and compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, experimental data are presented that demonstrate that CCL5-mediated T cell chemotaxis is dependent on glucose, as these inhibitors inhibit CCL5-mediated chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, these findings suggest that both glycolysis and AMPK signaling are required for efficient T cell migration in response to CCL5. These studies extend the role of CCL5 mediated CCR5 signaling beyond lymphocyte chemotaxis and demonstrate a role for chemokines in promoting glucose uptake and ATP production to match energy demands of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chan
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada
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Charania MA, Ayyadurai S, Ingersoll SA, Xiao B, Viennois E, Yan Y, Laroui H, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. Intestinal epithelial CD98 synthesis specifically modulates expression of colonic microRNAs during colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G1282-91. [PMID: 22499850 PMCID: PMC3378169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00401.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein CD98 is known to be involved in intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we found that CD98 overexpression in intestinal epithelial cells does not normally affect the expression of colonic (epithelial and immune cell) microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate a wide variety of biological processes. However, upon dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment, the expression of several colonic miRNAs, but not miRNAs from other tissues such as liver and spleen, were differentially regulated in mice overexpressing CD98 in epithelial cells compared with wild-type (WT) animals. For example, the level of colonic miRNA 132 was not affected by DSS treatment in WT animals but was upregulated in mice overexpressing CD98 in intestinal epithelial cells. Other colonic miRNAs, including colonic miRNA 23a and 23b, were downregulated in WT animals after DSS treatment but not in colonic epithelial cell CD98-overexpressing mice. Interestingly, the expression of potential miRNA target genes affected intestinal epithelial cells that overexpress CD98 and cell types that did not overexpress CD98 but were in close proximity to CD98-overexpressing intestinal epithelial cells. Taken together, these observations show that the combination of an inflammatory context and intestinal epithelial cell expression of CD98 affects the regulation of miRNA expression in colonic epithelial and immune cells. This is new evidence that protein expression modulates miRNA expression and suggests the existence of regulatory crosstalk between proteins and miRNAs in diseases such as colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moiz A. Charania
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta;
| | - Saravanan Ayyadurai
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta;
| | - Sarah A. Ingersoll
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta; ,2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur; and
| | - Bo Xiao
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta;
| | - Emilie Viennois
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta;
| | - Yutao Yan
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta; ,2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur; and
| | - Hamed Laroui
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta;
| | - Shanthi V. Sitaraman
- 3Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Didier Merlin
- 1Department of Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta; ,2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur; and
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Cantor JM, Ginsberg MH. CD98 at the crossroads of adaptive immunity and cancer. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1373-82. [PMID: 22499670 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity, a vertebrate specialization, adds memory and exquisite specificity to the basic innate immune responses present in invertebrates while conserving metabolic resources. In adaptive immunity, antigenic challenge requires extremely rapid proliferation of rare antigen-specific lymphocytes to produce large, clonally expanded effector populations that neutralize pathogens. Rapid proliferation and resulting clonal expansion are dependent on CD98, a protein whose well-conserved orthologs appear restricted to vertebrates. Thus, CD98 supports lymphocyte clonal expansion to enable protective adaptive immunity, an advantage that could account for the presence of CD98 in vertebrates. CD98 supports lymphocyte clonal expansion by amplifying integrin signals that enable proliferation and prevent apoptosis. These integrin-dependent signals can also provoke cancer development and invasion, anchorage-independence and the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. CD98 is highly expressed in many cancers and contributes to formation of tumors in experimental models. Strikingly, vertebrates, which possess highly conserved CD98 proteins, CD98-binding integrins and adaptive immunity, also display propensity towards invasive and metastatic tumors. In this Commentary, we review the roles of CD98 in lymphocyte biology and cancer. We suggest that the CD98 amplification of integrin signaling in adaptive immunity provides survival benefits to vertebrates, which, in turn, bear the price of increased susceptibility to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Homeostatic and innate immune responses: role of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD98. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3015-26. [PMID: 22460579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein CD98 is a potential regulator of multiple functions, including integrin signaling and amino acid transport. Abnormal expression or function of CD98 and disruption of the interactions between CD98 and its binding partners result in defects in cell homeostasis and immune responses. Indeed, expression of CD98 has been correlated with diseases such as inflammation and tumor metastasis. Modulation of CD98 expression and/or function therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of such pathologies. Herein, we review the role of CD98 with focus on its functional importance in homeostasis and immune responses, which could help to better understand the pathogenesis of CD98-associated diseases.
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Tsumura H, Ito M, Li XK, Nakamura A, Ohnami N, Fujimoto JI, Komada H, Ito Y. The role of CD98hc in mouse macrophage functions. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tringham M, Kurko J, Tanner L, Tuikkala J, Nevalainen OS, Niinikoski H, Näntö-Salonen K, Hietala M, Simell O, Mykkänen J. Exploring the transcriptomic variation caused by the Finnish founder mutation of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI). Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:408-15. [PMID: 22221392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in cationic amino acid transporter gene SLC7A7. Although all Finnish patients share the same homozygous mutation, their clinical manifestations vary greatly. The symptoms range from failure to thrive, protein aversion, anemia and hyperammonaemia, to immunological abnormalities, nephropathy and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. To unravel the molecular mechanisms behind those symptoms not explained directly by the primary mutation, gene expression profiles of LPI patients were studied using genome-wide microarray technology. As a result, we discovered 926 differentially-expressed genes, including cationic and neutral amino acid transporters. The functional annotation analysis revealed a significant accumulation of such biological processes as inflammatory response, immune system processes and apoptosis. We conclude that changes in the expression of genes other than SLC7A7 may be linked to the various symptoms of LPI, indicating a complex interplay between amino acid transporters and various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Tringham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Solute carrier family 3 member 2 (Slc3a2) controls yolk syncytial layer (YSL) formation by regulating microtubule networks in the zebrafish embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3371-6. [PMID: 22331904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200642109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish embryo is a multinucleated syncytium essential for embryo development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying YSL formation remain largely unknown. Here we show that zebrafish solute carrier family 3 member 2 (Slc3a2) is expressed specifically in the YSL and that slc3a2 knockdown causes severe YSL defects including clustering of the yolk syncytial nuclei and enhanced cell fusion, accompanied by disruption of microtubule networks. Expression of a constitutively active RhoA mimics the YSL phenotypes caused by slc3a2 knockdown, whereas attenuation of RhoA or ROCK activity rescues the slc3a2-knockdown phenotypes. Furthermore, slc3a2 knockdown significantly reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Src, and overexpression of a constitutively active Src restores the slc3a2-knockdown phenotypes. Our data demonstrate a signaling pathway regulating YSL formation in which Slc3a2 inhibits the RhoA/ROCK pathway via phosphorylation of c-Src to modulate YSL microtubule dynamics. This work illuminates processes at a very early stage of zebrafish embryogenesis and more generally informs the mechanism of cell dynamics during syncytium formation.
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Yan L, Lamb RF. Amino acid sensing and regulation of mTORC1. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:621-5. [PMID: 22342805 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids play fundamental roles in the cell both as the building blocks of new proteins and as metabolic precursors. To adapt to their limitation during periods of protein starvation, multiple adaptive mechanisms have evolved, including a rapid cessation of new protein synthesis, an increase in amino acid biosynthesis and transport, and autophagy. Here, we discuss what we currently know about how amino acid limitation is sensed, and how this sensing might be transmitted to mTORC1 to regulate protein synthesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
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Matsuyama R, Tomi M, Akanuma SI, Tabuchi A, Kubo Y, Tachikawa M, Hosoya KI. Up-regulation of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in cultured rat retinal capillary endothelial cells in response to glucose deprivation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 27:317-24. [PMID: 22185814 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the regulation of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB2 cells) in response to glucose deprivation. The amounts of LAT1 and 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) mRNA in TR-iBRB2 cells exposed to glucose-free culture medium for 8 to 24 h were significantly elevated compared with those in control medium. Concomitantly, [³H]L-leucine uptake activity was increased, suggesting that LAT1 transport activity is induced under glucose-deprivation. To determine the transcriptional activity of the LAT1 gene under glucose-free conditions, the promoter activity of the LAT1 gene of approximately 2 kbp (-1958 bp to +70 bp) in TR-iBRB2 cells was assayed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The transcriptional activity of the 2 kbp LAT1 promoter under the glucose-free conditions was 1.7-fold greater than that under normal glucose conditions. The presence of an activator site(s) between -162 bp and -155 bp was indicated by the low activities exhibited by the construct spanning this region and mutagenesis. These results suggest that the glucose deprivation sensitivity of LAT1 expression is transcriptionally regulated, and cis-elements within the LAT1 promoter region from -162 bp to -155 bp mediate this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Sphingolipid-based drugs selectively kill cancer cells by down-regulating nutrient transporter proteins. Biochem J 2011; 439:299-311. [PMID: 21767261 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are hypersensitive to nutrient limitation because oncogenes constitutively drive glycolytic and TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle intermediates into biosynthetic pathways. As the anaplerotic reactions that replace these intermediates are fueled by imported nutrients, the cancer cell's ability to generate ATP becomes compromised under nutrient-limiting conditions. In addition, most cancer cells have defects in autophagy, the catabolic process that provides nutrients from internal sources when external nutrients are unavailable. Normal cells, in contrast, can adapt to the nutrient stress that kills cancer cells by becoming quiescent and catabolic. In the present study we show that FTY720, a water-soluble sphingolipid drug that is effective in many animal cancer models, selectively starves cancer cells to death by down-regulating nutrient transporter proteins. Consistent with a bioenergetic mechanism of action, FTY720 induced homoeostatic autophagy. Cells were protected from FTY720 by cell-permeant nutrients or by reducing nutrient demand, but blocking apoptosis was ineffective. Importantly, AAL-149, a FTY720 analogue that lacks FTY720's dose-limiting toxicity, also triggered transporter loss and killed patient-derived leukaemias while sparing cells isolated from normal donors. As they target the metabolic profile of cancer cells rather than specific oncogenic mutations, FTY720 analogues such as AAL-149 should be effective against many different tumour types, particularly in combination with drugs that inhibit autophagy.
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