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Sun CS, Yuan SW, Hou R, Zhang SQ, Huang QY, Lin L, Li HX, Liu S, Cheng YY, Li ZH, Xu XR. First insights into the bioaccumulation, biotransformation and trophic transfer of typical tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) analogues along a simulated aquatic food chain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133390. [PMID: 38163409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) analogues have been investigated for their prevalent occurrence in environments and potential hazardous effects to humans and wildlife; however, there is still limited knowledge regarding their toxicokinetics and trophic transfer in aquatic food chains. Using a developed toxicokinetic model framework, we quantified the bioaccumulation, biotransformation and trophic transfer of tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and tetrabromobisphenol A di(allyl ether) (TBBPA-DAE) during trophic transfer from brine shrimp (Artemia salina) to zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that the two TBBPA analogues could be readily accumulated by brine shrimp, and the estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) value of TBBPS (5.68 L kg-1 ww) was higher than that of TBBPA-DAE (1.04 L kg-1 ww). The assimilation efficiency (AE) of TBBPA-DAE in zebrafish fed brine shrimp was calculated to be 16.3%, resulting in a low whole-body biomagnification factor (BMF) in fish (0.684 g g-1 ww). Based on the transformation products screened using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS), oxidative debromination and hydrolysis were identified as the major transformation pathways of TBBPS, while the biotransformation of TBBPA-DAE mainly took place through ether bond breaking and phase-II metabolism. Lower accumulation of TBBPA as a metabolite than its parent chemical was observed in both brine shrimp and zebrafish, with metabolite parent concentration factors (MPCFs) < 1. The investigated BCFs for shrimp of the two TBBPA analogues were only 3.77 × 10-10 - 5.59 × 10-3 times of the theoretical Kshrimp-water based on the polyparameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFERs) model, and the BMF of TBBPA-DAE for fish was 0.299 times of the predicted Kshrimp-fish. Overall, these results indicated the potential of the trophic transfer in bioaccumulation of specific TBBPA analogues in higher trophic-level aquatic organisms and pointed out biotransformation as an important mechanism in regulating their bioaccumulation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The internal concentration of a pollutant in the body determines its toxicity to organisms, while bioaccumulation and trophic transfer play important roles in elucidating its risks to ecosystems. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) analogues have been extensively investigated for their adverse effects on humans and wildlife; however, there is still limited knowledge regarding their toxicokinetics and trophic transfer in aquatic food chains. This study investigated the bioaccumulation, biotransformation and trophic transfer of TBBPS and TBBPA-DAE in a simulated di-trophic food chain. This state-of-art study will provide a reference for further research on this kind of emerging pollutant in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng-Wu Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qian-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Pinto R, Zanette J. Integrative ecotoxicity evaluation of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in aquatic animals reveals high tolerance of Artemia franciscana. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140059. [PMID: 37673183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a significant threat to animals in aquatic environments due to the adverse effects they exert. Species of the genus Artemia have been described as heavy metal tolerant, but the sensitivity/tolerance range for these species has not been established. In the present study, the toxicity of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni as reported in the ECOTOX and Web of Science databases was examined for Artemia franciscana and compared with other species and taxonomic groups using an integrative ecotoxicity evaluation. The hazard concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) of acute toxicity tests (24-96 h), obtained through a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) indicated that Cu (0.02 mg/L) and Cd (0.03 mg/L) were the metals with the highest toxicity to aquatic animals followed by Zn (0.15 mg/L) and Ni (0.23 mg/L). In addition to the higher hazard of Cu and Cd to aquatic animals, the comparison of acute LC50 values for A. franciscana indicates lower toxicity of Cd followed by Cu, Zn, and Ni (200.0, 14.5, 9.5, and 0.6 mg/L, respectively). Using the SSD and physiological sensitivity (S) approaches, it was demonstrated that A. franciscana is relatively tolerant to Cd (SSD= HC99; S = 2.21), Cu (SSD= HC97; S = 2.00), Zn (SSD= HC90; S = 1.29) and Ni (SSD= HC83; S = 0.96) compared with other species and taxonomic groups. It appears that tolerance to the metals Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni is unique to the family Artemiidae within the order Anostraca, as the families Streptocephalidae and Thamnocephalidae are not tolerant (have negative S values). Our study confirmed that as expected, A. franciscana presents higher tolerance to Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni than other aquatic animals. Our findings confirm that A. franciscana can be used as a model organism to understand mechanisms involved in tolerance to heavy metals, mainly Cd and Cu, which are considered highly toxic to other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pinto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanette
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Gestin O, Lacoue-Labarthe T, Delorme N, Garnero L, Geffard O, Lopes C. Influence of the exposure concentration of dissolved cadmium on its organotropism, toxicokinetic and fate in Gammarus fossarum. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107673. [PMID: 36580734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Information on the relationship between the exposure concentrations of metals and their biodistribution among organs remained scarce in invertebrates. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Cd concentration on the organotropism, toxico-kinetic and fate of this metal in different organs of gammarids exposed to dissolved radioisotope 109Cd. Gammarids male were exposed for 7 days to three environmental Cd concentrations (i.e. 4, 52 and 350 ng.L-1) before being placed in depuration conditions (i.e. uncontaminated water). At several sampling times, Cd concentrations were determined by 109Cd γ-counting in water, caeca, cephalon, gills, intestine and remaining tissues. Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) and Cd relative proportions in organs were calculated to assess the exposure concentration effect on the bioaccumulation capacities. The dependance of the organ-specific kinetic parameters to Cd water concentrations were estimated by fitting nested one-compartment toxico-kinetic (TK) models to both the accumulation and depuration data, by Bayesian inference. Then, for each Cd concentrations, the metal exchanges among organs over time were formalized by a multi-compartments TK model fitted to all organ data simultaneously. Our results highlighted that, at the end of the exposure phase, BCF and Cd relative proportions, in each organ, were not significantly modulated by water concentrations. Kinetically, Cd accumulation rates in all organs (except intestines) were depended on the exposure concentration, but not the elimination rates. The in vivo management of Cd (i.e. metal exchanges among organs) remained qualitatively unchanged according to exposure concentration. All these results also highlighted key role of that organs in the management of Cd: bioconcentration by caeca, storage by gills and main entry pathway by intestine. This study shows the interest of implementing TK approaches to test the effect of environmental factors on bioaccumulation, inter-organ exchanges and fate of contaminants in invertebrate body to enhance the understanding of the toxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélia Gestin
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de la Rochelle, 2, rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; INRAE, RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, 5 Avenue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de la Rochelle, 2, rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- INRAE, RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, 5 Avenue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Laura Garnero
- INRAE, RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, 5 Avenue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, 5 Avenue de la Doua, CS20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Lopes
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Albarano L, Ruocco N, Lofrano G, Guida M, Libralato G. Genotoxicity in Artemia spp.: An old model with new sensitive endpoints. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106320. [PMID: 36206704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemia spp. represent models species widely used in ecotoxicological studies due to its simple and fast manipulation in laboratory conditions that makes this crustacean well adaptable to several methodological approaches. Although cysts hatching, swimming behavior, reproductive success and mortality are the main endpoints used for the determination of toxicity, the detection of slight alterations induced by certain substances found at low concentrations in the environment may require more sensitive biomarkers. For this reason, the identification of DNA or chromosomal damages has been proposed as an additional and appreciable endpoint for the ecotoxicological assessment of environmental chemicals. Concerning Artemia models, only few studies indicated that the exposure to organic and inorganic compounds (i.e. pesticides, nanoparticles, bacterial products or heavy metals) can reduce the survival and fitness through the onset of DNA breaks or the dysregulation of key genes. In contrast, literature research revealed a lot of works primarily focusing on the mortality and hatching rates of Artemia nauplii and cysts despite the well-known low sensitivity of these species. The present review reports the current state of knowledge concerning the effects induced by various chemicals, including organic and inorganic compounds, on the common parameters and genotoxicity in both Artemia franciscana and Artemia salina. Advantages and limitations of Artemia spp. models in eco-toxicological investigations together with the most used classes of compounds are briefly discussed. Moreover, a mention is also addressed to scarce availability of literature data focusing on genotoxic effects and the great reliability of molecular approaches observed in this poorly sensitive model organism. Thus, the opportunity to take advantage of genotoxic analyses has also been highlighted, by suggesting this approach as a novel endpoint to be used for the eco-toxicological assessment of several stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Ecosunstainable Marine Biotechnology, C. da Torre Spaccata, 87071, Amendolara, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Karpenko AA, Odintsov VS, Istomina AA. Micro-nano-sized polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon) particles as a model of plastic pollution detection in living organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11281-11290. [PMID: 34532808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-sized particles of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used as model (reference) particles to study the biological effects of plastic pollution. Since the PTFE molecule contains fluorine, considered as an "atomic marker" sharply distinguishing it from other common plastics, micro- and nano-particles of PTFE have a specific crystalline structure and are, therefore, well identified by the methods of polarized light microscopy (POL), Raman microspectroscopy (micro-Raman), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Examples of PTFE particles detection in hemolimph of the cockroach Blatella germanica, in hemolimph of the larva and in faecal pellets of imago of a fly Lucilia sp., in the stomach and hingat of brine shrimp Artemia salina, and in association with cell wall of green unicellular alga Chlorococcus sp. are provided. The presented results strongly suggest that PTFE particles can be detected and identified in the biological medium using the method of "atomic markers", polarization microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Karpenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (NSCMB FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S Odintsov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (NSCMB FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Istomina
- Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (POI FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia.
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang M, Mu J, Ding G, Mao Z, Cao Y, Jin F, Cong Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang J. Effects of ingested polystyrene microplastics on brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:715-722. [PMID: 30384077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a contaminant of emerging concern which enter the marine environment from a variety of sources. The ingestion and toxic effects of microplastics on marine life, especially for filter feeders, are a cause of concern in view of their ubiquitous nature and their similar size as food sources. To assess the toxic effects of microspheres ingested by brine shrimp larvae, we exposed Artemia parthenogenetica to 10 μm polystyrene microspheres at different concentrations. These concentrations were approximate to the extrapolated marine aquatic environmentally relevant concentrations. The lowest polystyrene concentrations at which ingestion was visualized in A. parthenogenetica were 12 ± 0.57 particles/mL (6.7 ± 0.32 μg/L) and 1.1 ± 0.16 particles/mL (0.61 ± 0.088 μg/L), respectively. There were no significant impacts on the survival, growth or development in A. parthenogenetica occurring over the 14-d exposure across a range of polystyrene nominal concentrations (1-1000 particles/mL or 0.55-550 μg/L). However, abnormal ultrastructures of intestinal epithelial cells were observed upon exposure to polystyrene microspheres, including fewer and disordered microvilli, an increased number of mitochondrion and the appearance of autophagosome. These phenomena could affect nutrition absorption and energy metabolism. Although no major acute or chronic toxicity effects on A. parthenogenetica were observed over 24-h or 14-d exposures, this study provides evidence that the ingestion of polystyrene microplastics at extrapolated environmentally relevant concentrations can be visualized through a microscope to be causing a series of responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yifei Cao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Sujatha Devi S, Sethu M, Lalithambigai P, Gomathi Priya P. Study on the effect of Artemia franciscana on the uptake of Zn(II) and Cu(II). J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mohiseni M, Farhangi M, Agh N, Mirvaghefi A, Talebi K. Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Cadmium and Copper in Artemia Urmiana Nauplii. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zhao N, Hou M, Wang T, Chen Y, Lv Y, Li Z, Zhang R, Xin W, Zou X, Hou L. Cloning and expression patterns of the brine shrimp (Artemia sinica) glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) gene during development and in response to temperature stress. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:9-18. [PMID: 24323193 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen serves as a metabolic reserve and is involved in macromolecular synthesis. Glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) is a key enzyme involved in intracellular glycogen catabolism, catalyzing the first step in glycogen degradation. In the diapause, GPase catalyzes glycogen into the closely related molecule, sorbitol. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the GPase gene (2,790 bp) was isolated from Artemia sinica for the first time by rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology. The GPase gene encoded a protein of 853 amino acids belonging to the Glycosyltransferase GTB type superfamily. The expression pattern and location of GPase were investigated at various stages during the embryonic development of A. sinica using real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. High GPase expression was detected at the 0 and 5 h stages. Subsequently, expression declined and was maintained at a low level during the stages from 10 to 40 h following by a small increase at day 3. Expression was downregulated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 20 °C and was subsequently upregulated in the range 15-5 °C. In situ hybridization assays showed wide distribution of the GPase gene during different developmental stages. From the results of this study, we conclude that the GPase gene expression is stress-related and might play an important role in Artemia development and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, 1, Liushu South Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
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