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Poopal RK, Ashwini R, Ramesh M, Li B, Ren Z. Triphenylmethane dye (C 52H 54N 4O 12) is potentially a hazardous substance in edible freshwater fish at trace level: toxicity, hematology, biochemistry, antioxidants, and molecular docking evaluation study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28759-28779. [PMID: 36401692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malachite green (C52H54N4O12) is a synthetic dye that is used in textile industries as a colorant and in aquaculture sectors to contain microbial damage. Aquatic contamination of malachite green (MG) has been reported globally. Fish is the highest trophic organism among aquatic inhabitants, highly sensitive to waterborne contaminants (metals, coloring agents, etc.). Toxicity of waterborne chemicals on nontarget organisms can be determined by assessing biomarkers. Assessing blood parameters and tissue antioxidants (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) is useful to evaluate MG toxicity. To initiate the MG toxicity data for freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio), the median lethal toxicity was primarily evaluated. Then, hematological, blood biochemical (glucose, protein, and cholesterol) and tissue biochemical (amino acids, lipids), and vital tissue (gills, liver, and kidney) antioxidant capacity (CAT, LPO, GST, GR, POxy, vitamin C, and GSH) of C. carpio were analyzed under acute (LC50-96 h) and sublethal (Treatment I-1/10th and Treatment II-1/5th LC50-96 h) exposure periods (28 days). Molecular docking for MG with hemoglobin was also obtained. Biomarkers examined were affected in the MG-treated groups with respect to the control group. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in hematology (Hb, RBCs, and WBCs), glucose, proteins, lipids and tissue CAT, LPO, and GST activities under acute MG exposure. In sublethal treatment groups, biomarkers studied were significant (p < 0.05) throughout the study period. The potential for MG binding to hemoglobin was tested in this study. MG is potentially a multiorgan toxicant. Literally a chemical that is harmful to the aquatic environment if safety is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rajan Ashwini
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
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Paraquat induces redox imbalance and disrupts glutamate and energy metabolism in the hippocampus of prepubertal rats. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:121-132. [PMID: 34048864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ) is a widely used herbicide in Brazilian crops, despite its banishment in many other countries. The present study investigated the effects of repeated dose of PQ on glutamate system, energy metabolism and redox parameters in the hippocampus of prepubertal rats. Twenty-two-day-old rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of PQ (10 mg/Kg) during 5 consecutive days and the effects of the pesticide were assessed 24 h after the last injection. The PQ exposure provoked cytotoxicity associated to decreased cell viability and increased glutamate excitotoxicity, as demonstrated by decreased 14C-glutamate uptake and increased 45Ca2+ uptake. Downregulated glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, further supports disrupted glutamate metabolism compromising the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Downregulated 14C-2-Deoxy-D-glucose indicates energy failure and upregulated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) suggests the relevance of lactate as energy fuel. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) upregulation suggest Krebs cycle replenishment and piruvate production. In addition, PQ disturbed the redox status inducing lipid peroxidation, evaluated by increased TBARS and imbalanced antioxidant system. Downregulated glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities together with upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities corroborate the oxidative imbalance. The mechanisms underlying PQ-induced neurotoxicity involves the modulation of GSK-3β, NF-κB and NMDA receptors. These neurochemical and oxidative events observed may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxic effects of PQ on hippocampal cells.
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Carney Almroth B, Cartine J, Jönander C, Karlsson M, Langlois J, Lindström M, Lundin J, Melander N, Pesqueda A, Rahmqvist I, Renaux J, Roos J, Spilsbury F, Svalin J, Vestlund H, Zhao L, Asker N, Ašmonaitė G, Birgersson L, Boloori T, Book F, Lammel T, Sturve J. Assessing the effects of textile leachates in fish using multiple testing methods: From gene expression to behavior. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111523. [PMID: 33120279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The textile industry, while of major importance in the world economy, is a toxic industry utilizing and emitting thousands of chemical substances into the aquatic environment. The aim of this project was to study the potentially harmful effects associated with the leaching of chemical residues from three different types of textiles: sportswear, children's bath towels, and denim using different fish models (cell lines, fish larvae and juvenile fish). A combination of in vitro and in vivo test systems was used. Numerous biomarkers, ranging from gene expression, cytotoxicity and biochemical analysis to behavior, were measured to detect effects of leached chemicals. Principle findings indicate that leachates from all three types of textiles induced cytotoxicity on fish cell lines (RTgill-W1). Leachates from sportswear and towels induced mortality in zebrafish embryos, and chemical residues from sportswear reduced locomotion responses in developing larval fish. Sportswear leachate increased Cyp1a mRNA expression and EROD activity in liver of exposed brown trout. Leachates from towels induced EROD activity and VTG in rainbow trout, and these effects were mitigated by the temperature of the extraction process. All indicators of toxicity tested showed that exposure to textile leachate can cause adverse reactions in fish. These findings suggested that chemical leaching from textiles from domestic households could pose an ecotoxicological threat to the health of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Josefin Cartine
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christina Jönander
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Max Karlsson
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Julie Langlois
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matilda Lindström
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Lundin
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nina Melander
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Argus Pesqueda
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ida Rahmqvist
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Juliette Renaux
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Roos
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Francis Spilsbury
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joel Svalin
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hanne Vestlund
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Student of ecotoxicology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Giedrė Ašmonaitė
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tahereh Boloori
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Frida Book
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Nunes B, Paixão L, Nunes Z, Amado L, Ferreira MA, Rocha R. Use of biochemical markers to quantify the toxicological effects of metals on the fish Sciades herzbergii: potential use to assess the environmental status of Amazon estuaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30789-30799. [PMID: 32474784 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic biomarkers, especially oxidative-stress enzymes, are useful for assessing the status of aquatic environments. The present study used biochemical markers determined in nervous, gill, and liver tissues of Sciades herzbergii, concomitantly with analyses of trace metals in the tissues and bottom sediment, to evaluate environmental quality in Amazon estuaries. The study was conducted from March 2014 to February 2016 in two areas: Caeté estuary in Bragança, state of Pará, which is relatively unimpacted; and São Marcos Bay, next to a harbor in São Luís, state of Maranhão. In the laboratory, the fish were weighed (g) and measured (cm). Fragments of the gills, the brain, and the liver were biochemically analyzed, and the metal contents in the brain, the liver, and the muscle tissues were determined. Turbidity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in São Marcos than in Bragança. Specimens of S. herzbergii were smaller in São Marcos, and aluminum, iron, nickel, copper, cadmium, and mercury levels were higher in bottom sediment (p < 0.05) collected at this location. Fish from São Marcos contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of aluminum, iron, and cadmium in the muscle tissue than fish from Bragança. In addition, fish from São Marcos had significantly higher concentrations of nickel in both the nervous and hepatic tissues. Only fish from São Marcos contained measurable concentrations of mercury in the liver and muscle. Fish from Bragança had copper concentrations in the liver significantly different from those captured at São Marcos (p < 0.05). The activities of gill glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) (F = 6.62; df = 1, 16; p < 0.05) and liver CAT (F = 10.22; df = 1, 16; p < 0.05) were higher in fish from São Marcos. However, ChE in brain tissues and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the gills and liver did not differ significantly between fish from both areas. The physico-chemical conditions of the water and the concentrations of metals found in sediment and biological tissues, together with the biochemical responses of S. herzbergii in the study areas, indicate that this species is still tolerant to adverse environmental conditions, but the presence of metals is a risk to the health of fish, mainly to fish from São Marcos, especially if chronically exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leonardo Paixão
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Zélia Nunes
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n Aldeia, Bragança, PA, 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Lílian Amado
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Laboratório de Pesquisas em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia do Desenvolvimento e Imuno-Histoquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Rossineide Rocha
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
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Oliveira GARD, Leme DM, de Lapuente J, Brito LB, Porredón C, Rodrigues LDB, Brull N, Serret JT, Borràs M, Disner GR, Cestari MM, Oliveira DPD. A test battery for assessing the ecotoxic effects of textile dyes. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:171-179. [PMID: 29935967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The textile dyeing industry is one of the main sectors contributing to environmental pollution, due to the generation of large amounts of wastewater loaded with dyes (ca. 2-50% of the initial amount of dyes used in the dye baths is lost), causing severe impacts on human health and the environment. In this context, an ecotoxicity testing battery was used to assess the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the textile dyes Direct Black 38 (DB38; azo dye) and Reactive Blue 15 (RB15; copper phthalocyanine dye) on different trophic levels. Thus these dyes were tested using the following assays: Filter paper contact test with earthworms (Eisenia foetida); seed germination and root elongation toxicity test (Cucumis sativus, Lactuca sativa and Lycopersicon esculentum); acute immobilization test (Daphnia magna and Artemia salina); and the Comet assay with the rainbow trout gonad-2 cell fish line (RTG-2) and D. magna. Neither phytotoxicity nor significant effects on the survival of E. foetida were observed after exposure to DB38 and RB15. Both dyes were classified as relatively non-toxic to D. magna (LC50 > 100 mg/L), but DB38 was moderately toxic to A. salina with a LC50 of 20.7 mg/L. DB38 and RB15 induced significant effects on the DNA of D. magna but only DB38 caused direct (alkaline comet assay) and oxidative (hOGG1-modified alkaline comet assay) damage to RTG-2 cells in hormetic responses. Therefore, the present results emphasize that a test battery approach of bioassays representing multiple trophic levels is fundamental in predicting the toxicity of textile dyes, aside from providing the information required to define their safe levels for living organisms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FF), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Joaquín de Lapuente
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Barroso Brito
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FF), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Constança Porredón
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natália Brull
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Txu Serret
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX), Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Borràs
- Association of Biologists of Catalonia (CBC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Rawat D, Mishra V, Sharma RS. Detoxification of azo dyes in the context of environmental processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:591-605. [PMID: 27155475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes account for >70% of the global industrial demand (∼9 million tons). Owing to their genotoxic/carcinogenic potential, the annual disposal of ∼4,500,000 tons of dyes and/or degraded products is an environmental and socio-economic concern. In comparison to physico-chemical methods, microbe-mediated dye degradation is considered to be low-input, cost-effective and environmentally-safe. However, under different environmental conditions, interactions of chemically diverse dyes with metabolically diverse microbes produce metabolites of varying toxicity. In addition, majority of studies on microbial dye-degradation focus on decolorization with least attention towards detoxification. Therefore, the environmental significance of microbial dye detoxification research of past >3 decades is critically evaluated with reference to dye structure and the possible influence of microbial interactions in different environments. In the absence of ecosystem-based studies, the results of laboratory-based studies on dye degradation, metabolite production and their genotoxic impact on model organisms are used to predict the possible fate and consequences of azo dyes/metabolites in the environment. In such studies, the predominance of fewer numbers of toxicological assays that too at lower levels of biological organization (molecular/cellular/organismic) suggests its limited ecological significance. Based on critical evaluation of these studies the recommendations on inclusion of multilevel approach (assessment at multiple levels of biological organization), multispecies microcosm approach and native species approach in conjunction with identification of dye metabolites have been made for future studies. Such studies will bridge the gap between the fundamental knowledge on dye-microbe-environment interactions and its application to combat dye-induced environmental toxicity. Thus an environmental perspective on dye toxicity in the background of dye structure and effects of environmental processes has been developed. Based on past 3 decades of research on microbial dye detoxification, the current state of knowledge has been analyzed, environmental relevance of these studies was ascertained, research gaps in microbe-mediated azo dye detoxification have been identified and a research framework emphasizing a better understanding of complex interactions between dye-microbe and environmental processes has been proposed. It provides directions for undertaking environmentally sound microbial dye detoxification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rawat
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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de Oliveira GAR, de Lapuente J, Teixidó E, Porredón C, Borràs M, de Oliveira DP. Textile dyes induce toxicity on zebrafish early life stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:429-434. [PMID: 26267709 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Textile manufacturing is one of the most polluting industrial sectors because of the release of potentially toxic compounds, such as synthetic dyes, into the environment. Depending on the class of the dyes, their loss in wastewaters can range from 2% to 50% of the original dye concentration. Consequently, uncontrolled use of such dyes can negatively affect human health and the ecological balance. The present study assessed the toxicity of the textile dyes Direct Black 38 (DB38), Reactive Blue 15 (RB15), Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), and Vat Green 3 (VG3) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos for 144 h postfertilization (hpf). At the tested conditions, none of the dyes caused significant mortality. The highest RO16 dose significantly delayed or inhibited the ability of zebrafish embryos to hatch from the chorion after 96 hpf. From 120 hpf to 144 hpf, all the dyes impaired the gas bladder inflation of zebrafish larvae, DB38 also induced curved tail, and VG3 led to yolk sac edema in zebrafish larvae. Based on these data, DB38, RB15, RO16, and VG3 can induce malformations during embryonic and larval development of zebrafish. Therefore, it is essential to remove these compounds from wastewater or reduce their concentrations to safe levels before discharging textile industry effluents into the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- FF-UFG, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- FCFRP-USP, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquín de Lapuente
- UTOX-PCB, Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Teixidó
- FCFRP-USP, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Constança Porredón
- UTOX-PCB, Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Borràs
- UTOX-PCB, Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- FCFRP-USP, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nunes B, Caldeira C, Luísa Pereira J, Gonçalves F, Correia AT. Chronic Effects of Realistic Concentrations of Non-essential and Essential Metals (Lead and Zinc) on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of the Mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 69:586-595. [PMID: 26184506 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metallic contamination is widespread, particularly in areas impacted by human activities. Human activities result in high loads of metals being discarded into the aquatic compartment, reinforcing the need to evaluate their toxic effects especially on exposed fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic response (namely, antioxidant levels and lipoperoxidative damage) in both liver and gills of the freshwater fish species Gambusia holbrooki, exposed to lead and zinc. Fish were exposed for 28 days (chronic exposure) to ecologically relevant concentrations of the selected compounds. The following oxidative stress/damage biomarkers were evaluated: glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), glutathione reductase (GR), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results indicate that lead caused a significant oxidative response, with significant increase of the enzymatic antioxidant defense (GSTs activity in hepatic tissue, and GR activity in branchial tissue) of exposed organisms. On the other hand, zinc caused a significant inhibition of G. holbrooki hepatic GR, a biological response that may be related to the antioxidant activity exhibited by this metal. The obtained results are of high importance, especially if one considers that the obtained toxic responses occurred at low, albeit ecologically relevant, levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carina Caldeira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS-UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
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Leme DM, Oliveira GARD, Meireles G, Brito LB, Rodrigues LDB, Palma de Oliveira D. Eco- and genotoxicological assessments of two reactive textile dyes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:287-300. [PMID: 25734625 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.971208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of natural waters has been one of the major problems of modern society and the textile industry is rated as an important polluting source, due to the generation of large amounts of wastewaters. The aim of this study was to assess textile dyes Reactive Blue 19 (RB19, anthraquinone dye) and Reactive Red 120 (RR120, azo dye) in terms of the potential to induce adverse effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Thus, these dyes were tested using the following assays: Microtox assay (Vibrio fischeri); brine shrimp (Artemia salina); Daphnia similis; and Comet with normal human dermal fibroblasts as well as Ames test (TA98, TA100, YG1041, YG1042--with and without S9). RB19 was relatively nontoxic to all aquatic bioindicators analyzed with an EC50 of more than 100 mg/L, whereas RR120 was only moderately toxic to A. salina with a EC50-48h of 81.89 mg/L. Mutagenicity through base pair substitution was observed with RB19 in the presence of S9 (Ames-positive). The comet assay did not demonstrate any apparent genotoxic effects for any tested dye. Although mutagenicity was detected with RB19, the mutagenic effect observed may be considered weak compared to the ability to induce DNA damage by other classes of dyes such as disperse dyes. Therefore, these dyes may be classified as nonmutagens (RR120) or weak mutagens (RB19) and relatively nontoxic for aquatic organisms. However, it is noteworthy that the weak acute toxicity to A. salina induced by RR120 is sufficient to suggest potential damage to the aquatic ecosystem and emphasizes the need for biomonitoring dye levels in wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morais Leme
- a Department of Cell Biology - Federal University of Paranã (UFPR) , Curitiba - PR , Brazil
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10
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Chakravarthy S, Sadagopan S, Nair A, Sukumaran SK. Zebrafish as anIn VivoHigh-Throughput Model for Genotoxicity. Zebrafish 2014; 11:154-66. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sathish Sadagopan
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayyappan Nair
- Discovery Biology, Anthem Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, India
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11
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Hao C, Dai X, Zhou Z, Si N. Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of aminated lignin by a Mannich reaction and its decolorizing properties for anionic azo-dyes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Bazin I, Ibn Hadj Hassine A, Haj Hamouda Y, Mnif W, Bartegi A, Lopez-Ferber M, De Waard M, Gonzalez C. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 85:131-136. [PMID: 22947508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of dyes in wastewater effluent of textile industry is well documented. In contrast, the endocrine disrupting effects of these dyes and wastewater effluent have been poorly investigated. Herein, we studied twenty-three commercial dyes, usually used in the textile industry, and extracts of blue jean textile wastewater samples were evaluated for their agonistic and antagonistic estrogen activity. Total estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities were measured using the Yeast Estrogen Screen bioassay (YES) that evaluates estrogen receptor binding-dependent transcriptional and translational activities. The estrogenic potencies of the dyes and wastewater samples were evaluated by dose-response curves and compared to the dose-response curve of 17β-estradiol (E2), the reference compound. The dose-dependent anti-estrogenic activities of the dyes and wastewater samples were normalized to the known antagonistic effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) on the induction of the lac Z reporter gene by E2. About half azo textile dyes have anti-estrogenic activity with the most active being Blue HFRL. Most azo dyes however have no or weak estrogenic activity. E2/dye or E2/waste water ER competitive binding assays show activity of Blue HFRL, benzopurpurine 4B, Everzol Navy Blue FBN, direct red 89 BNL 200% and waste water samples indicating a mechanism of action common to E2. Our results indicate that several textile dyes are potential endocrine disrupting agents. The presence of some of these dyes in textile industry wastewater may thus impact the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bazin
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès, LGEI center, 6 avenue de Clavière, 30319 Alès Cedex, France.
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13
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Flohr L, de Castilhos Júnior AB, Matias WG. Acute and chronic toxicity of soluble fractions of industrial solid wastes on Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:643904. [PMID: 22619632 PMCID: PMC3347914 DOI: 10.1100/2012/643904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial wastes may produce leachates that can contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicity testing in acute and chronic levels is essential to assess environmental risks from the soluble fractions of these wastes, since only chemical analysis may not be adequate to classify the hazard of an industrial waste. In this study, ten samples of solid wastes from textile, metal-mechanic, and pulp and paper industries were analyzed by acute and chronic toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. A metal-mechanic waste (sample MM3) induced the highest toxicity level to Daphnia magna(CE(50,48 h) = 2.21%). A textile waste induced the highest toxicity level to Vibrio fischeri (sample TX2, CE(50,30 min) = 12.08%). All samples of pulp and paper wastes, and a textile waste (sample TX2) induced chronic effects on reproduction, length, and longevity of Daphnia magna. These results could serve as an alert about the environmental risks of an inadequate waste classification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Flohr
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 476, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
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14
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Gomaa OM, Kareem HAE, Fatahy R. Assessment of the efficacy of Aspergillus sp. EL-2 in textile waste water treatment. Biodegradation 2011; 23:243-51. [PMID: 21822953 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal biomass has the ability to decolorize a wide variety of dyes successfully through a number of mechanisms. A brown rot isolate, previously identified as Aspergillus sp. EL-2, was used in the aerobic treatment of textile waste water efficiently. In the current work, the treated waste water was tested chemically using more than one combined treatment. Microbial toxicity, phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were also studied to assess the toxicity level for each treatment. The obtained data suggest that the contribution of more than one mode of treatment is essential to ensure complete destruction of the by-products. The use of gamma irradiation (25 kGy) after the bioremediation step led to the decrease of the by-products of biodegradation as observed by visible spectrum and Fourier transfer infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The toxicity assessment presented variable results indicating the need for more than one toxicity test to confirm the presence or absence of hazardous compounds. Brown rot fungus could be used efficiently in the treatment of textile waste water without the risk of obtaining high carcinogenic or genotoxic compounds, especially if combined treatment is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M Gomaa
- Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Tigini V, Giansanti P, Mangiavillano A, Pannocchia A, Varese GC. Evaluation of toxicity, genotoxicity and environmental risk of simulated textile and tannery wastewaters with a battery of biotests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:866-873. [PMID: 21176963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Textile and tannery wastewaters are complex mixtures of toxic pollutants and only a battery of ecotoxicity tests can assess their potential environmental impact and the actual effectiveness of alternative treatments. In this work the toxicity of four simulated textile and tannery wastewaters was evaluated by means of a battery of seven bioassays, using organisms that belong to different trophic levels. Moreover, since the outputs of the bioassay battery were quite difficult to compare, a novel synthetic index for environmental risk assessment was applied to the outputs of the test battery. All four simulated wastewaters were very toxic but they showed no mutagenic effect. The alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was the most sensitive organism. In addition, the use of two mathematical models pointed out the interaction effect between dyes and salts, which resulted in a synergistic effect of wastewater toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tigini
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
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16
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Costa PM, Neuparth TS, Caeiro S, Lobo J, Martins M, Ferreira AM, Caetano M, Vale C, DelValls TA, Costa MH. Assessment of the genotoxic potential of contaminated estuarine sediments in fish peripheral blood: laboratory versus in situ studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:25-36. [PMID: 20965503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Senegalese soles (Solea senegalensis) were exposed to estuarine sediments through 28-day laboratory and in situ (field) bioassays. The sediments, collected from three distinct sites (a reference plus two contaminated) of the Sado Estuary (W Portugal) were characterized for total organic matter, redox potential, fine fraction and for the levels of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorines, namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichloro diphenyl tricholoethane plus its main metabolites (DDTs). Genotoxicity was determined in whole peripheral blood by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or "comet") assay and by scoring erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA). Analysis was complemented with the determination of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) protocol and cell type sorting. The results showed that exposure to contaminated sediments induced DNA fragmentation and clastogenesis. Still, laboratory exposure to the most contaminated sediment revealed a possible antagonistic effect between metallic and organic contaminants that might have been enhanced by increased bioavailability. The laboratory assay caused a more pronounced increase in ENA whereas a very significant increase in DNA fragmentation was observed in field-tested fish exposed to the reference sediment, which is likely linked to increased lipid peroxidation that probably occurred due to impaired access to food. Influence of natural pathogens was ruled out by unaltered leukocyte counts. The statistical integration of data correlated lipid peroxidation with biological variables such as fish length and weight, whereas the genotoxicity biomarkers were more correlated to sediment contamination. It was demonstrated that laboratory and field bioassays for the risk assessment of sediment contamination may yield different genotoxicity profiles although both provided results that are in overall accordance with sediment contamination levels. While field assays may provide more ecologically relevant data, the multiple environmental variables may produce sufficient background noise to mask the true effects of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Costa
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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17
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Zagal A, Mazmanci B. Oxidative stress response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to textile mill effluent. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 27:81-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710383887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Textile mill effluent is an important pollution factor because of its organic and inorganic substances content. In this study, toxic effects of textile mill effluent on fish Oreochromis niloticus were investigated by using antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) responses. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation by means of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) level were measured in liver and gill tissues of fish. The fish were exposed to non-lethal concentrations (0.1%, 1% and 10%) of textile mill effluent for 15, 30 and 45 days. In control group, fish were left in aquariums containing tap water without chlorine. As a result, the activities of SOD, CAT enzymes and level of TBARS in the liver and gill increased in 15, 30 and 45 days after 1% and 10% doses application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Zagal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of Mersin, Turkey,
| | - Birgül Mazmanci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of Mersin, Turkey
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18
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Vasylkiv OY, Kubrak OI, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Cytotoxicity of chromium ions may be connected with induction of oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:1044-1049. [PMID: 20547405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromium ions are frequently found in aquatic ecosystems and are known to be inducers of oxidative stress in fish solid tissues. The present study was designed to determine whether fish blood samples can be used to allow nonlethal diagnostic testing for chromium intoxication. First, we confirmed that 96 h exposures to water containing 10.0 mg L(-1) chromium ions, either Cr3+ or Cr6+, induced oxidative stress in brain of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Multiple blood parameters were then evaluated. Cr6+ exposure triggered a 579% increase in the number of erythrocytes containing micronuclei, a frequently used marker of cellular toxicity. Leucocyte numbers were also perturbed by exposure to either Cr3+ or Cr6+ indicating that chromium ions could impair the immune system as well. The content of protein carbonyl groups, a marker of oxidative damage to proteins, was enhanced in fish plasma by exposure to either chromium ion and activities of catalase and lactate dehydrogenase also were affected. The data demonstrate that chromium ions induced oxidative stress in goldfish blood and were cytotoxic for erythrocytes. This indicates that analysis of plasma can be used as a good early nonlethal diagnostic marker of fish intoxication by transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Yu Vasylkiv
- Department of Biochemistry, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine
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