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Calleros-González P, Ibarra-Juarez A, Lamelas A, Suárez-Moo P. How host species and body part determine the microbial communities of five ambrosia beetle species. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00502-0. [PMID: 38489098 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The ambrosia beetles are farming insects that feed mainly on their cultivated fungi, which in some occasions are pathogens from forest and fruit trees. We used a culture-independent approach based on 16S and 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding analysis to investigate the diversity and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities associated with five ambrosia beetle species: four species native to America (Monarthrum dimidiatum, Dryocoetoides capucinus, Euwallacea discretus, Corthylus consimilis) and an introduced species (Xylosandrus morigerus). For the bacterial community, the beetle species hosted a broad diversity with 1,579 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 66 genera, while for the fungal community they hosted 288 ASVs and 39 genera. Some microbial groups dominated the community within a host species or a body part (Wolbachia in the head-thorax of E. discretus; Ambrosiella in the head-thorax and abdomen of X. morigerus). The taxonomic composition and structure of the microbial communities appeared to differ between beetle species; this was supported by beta-diversity analysis, which indicated that bacterial and fungal communities were clustered mainly by host species. This study characterizes for the first time the microbial communities associated with unexplored ambrosia beetle species, as well as the factors that affect the composition and taxonomic diversity per se, contributing to the knowledge of the ambrosia beetle system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, C.P. 91070, México
- Investigador Por México - CONAHCyT. Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, C.P. 91070, México
| | - Araceli Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, C.P. 91070, México.
| | - Pablo Suárez-Moo
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Química-Sisal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México.
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Cambronero-Heinrichs JC, Battisti A, Biedermann PHW, Cavaletto G, Castro-Gutierrez V, Favaro L, Santoiemma G, Rassati D. Erwiniaceae bacteria play defensive and nutritional roles in two widespread ambrosia beetles. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad144. [PMID: 37951293 PMCID: PMC10664977 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles are fungal-growing insects excavating galleries deep inside the wood. Their success as invaders increased scientific interest towards them. However, most studies on their microbiota targeted their fungal associates whereas the role of bacterial associates is understudied. To explore the role of abundant microbial associates, we isolated bacteria from active galleries of two widespread ambrosia beetles, Xylosandrus crassiusculus and X. germanus. These isolates were classified within the Erwiniaceae family and through a phylogenetic analysis including isolates from other insects we showed that they clustered with isolates obtained from ambrosia and bark beetles, including Erwinia typographi. The whole genome analysis of the isolate from active galleries of X. crassiusculus suggested that this bacterium plays both a nutritional role, by providing essential amino acids and enzymes for the hydrolysis of plant biomass, and a defensive role, by producing antibiotics. This defensive role was also tested in vitro against fungi, including mutualists, common associates, and parasites. The bacteria inhibited the growth of some of the common associates and parasites but did not affect mutualists. Our study supported the hypothesis of a mutualist role of Erwiniaceae bacteria in ambrosia beetles and highlighed the importance of bacteria in maintaining the symbiosis of their host with nutritional fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cambronero-Heinrichs
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
| | - Peter H W Biedermann
- Chair for Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Stegen-Wittental 79252, Germany
| | - Giacomo Cavaletto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
| | - Víctor Castro-Gutierrez
- Center for Research on Environmental Pollution (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
| | - Giacomo Santoiemma
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
| | - Davide Rassati
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
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Castillo-Esparza JF, Mora-Velasco KA, Rosas-Saito GH, Rodríguez-Haas B, Sánchez-Rangel D, Ibarra-Juárez LA, Ortiz-Castro R. Microorganisms Associated with the Ambrosial Beetle Xyleborus affinis with Plant Growth-Promotion Activity in Arabidopsis Seedlings and Antifungal Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium sp. INECOL_BM-06. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1396-1411. [PMID: 35357520 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with a great diversity of microorganisms or insects throughout their life cycle in the environment. Plant and insect interactions are common; besides, a great variety of microorganisms associated with insects can induce pathogenic damage in the host, as mutualist phytopathogenic fungus. However, there are other microorganisms present in the insect-fungal association, whose biological/ecological activities and functions during plant interaction are unknown. In the present work evaluated, the role of microorganisms associated with Xyleborus affinis, an important beetle species within the Xyleborini tribe, is characterized by attacking many plant species, some of which are of agricultural and forestry importance. We isolated six strains of microorganisms associated with X. affinis shown as plant growth-promoting activity and altered the root system architecture independent of auxin-signaling pathway in Arabidopsis seedlings and antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. INECOL_BM-06. In addition, evaluating the tripartite interaction plant-microorganism-fungus, interestingly, we found that microorganisms can induce protection against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. INECOL_BM-06 involving the jasmonic acid-signaling pathway and independent of salicylic acid-signaling pathway. Our results showed the important role of this microorganisms during the plant- and insect-microorganism interactions, and the biological potential use of these microorganisms as novel agents of biological control in the crops of agricultural and forestry is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francisco Castillo-Esparza
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México
- Red de Biodiversidad Y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Karen A Mora-Velasco
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Greta H Rosas-Saito
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Haas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Luis A Ibarra-Juárez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México
| | - Randy Ortiz-Castro
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, 91073, Veracruz, México.
- Cátedra CONACyT en el Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C.P. 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Gugliuzzo A, Kreuzwieser J, Ranger CM, Tropea Garzia G, Biondi A, Biedermann PHW. Volatiles of fungal cultivars act as cues for host-selection in the fungus-farming ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151078. [PMID: 37125205 PMCID: PMC10140376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many wood-boring insects use aggregation pheromones during mass colonization of host trees. Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are a model system, but much less is known about the role of semiochemicals during host selection by ambrosia beetles. As an ecological clade within the bark beetles, ambrosia beetles are obligately dependent on fungal mutualists for their sole source of nutrition. Mass colonization of trees growing in horticultural settings by exotic ambrosia beetles can occur, but aggregation cues have remained enigmatic. To elucidate this mechanism, we first characterized the fungal associates of the exotic, mass-aggregating ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus in Southern Germany. Still-air olfactometer bioassays documented the attraction of X. germanus to its primary nutritional mutualist Ambrosiella grosmanniae and to a lesser extent another common fungal isolate (Acremonium sp.). During two-choice bioassays, X. germanus was preferentially attracted to branch sections (i.e., bolts) that were either pre-colonized by conspecifics or pre-inoculated with A. grosmanniae. Subsequent analyses identified microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) that could potentially function as aggregation pheromones for X. germanus. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for fungal volatiles as attractive cues during host selection by X. germanus. Adaptive benefits of responding to fungal cues associated with an infestation of conspecifics could be a function of locating a suitable substrate for cultivating fungal symbionts and/or increasing the likelihood of mating opportunities with the flightless males. However, this requires solutions for evolutionary conflict arising due to potential mixing of vertically transmitted and horizontally acquired symbiont strains, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gugliuzzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Gugliuzzo,
| | | | - Christopher M. Ranger
- Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH, United States
| | | | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Peter H. W. Biedermann
- Chair for Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
- Peter H. W. Biedermann,
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Barcoto MO, Rodrigues A. Lessons From Insect Fungiculture: From Microbial Ecology to Plastics Degradation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:812143. [PMID: 35685924 PMCID: PMC9171207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.812143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have extensively transformed the biosphere by extracting and disposing of resources, crossing boundaries of planetary threat while causing a global crisis of waste overload. Despite fundamental differences regarding structure and recalcitrance, lignocellulose and plastic polymers share physical-chemical properties to some extent, that include carbon skeletons with similar chemical bonds, hydrophobic properties, amorphous and crystalline regions. Microbial strategies for metabolizing recalcitrant polymers have been selected and optimized through evolution, thus understanding natural processes for lignocellulose modification could aid the challenge of dealing with the recalcitrant human-made polymers spread worldwide. We propose to look for inspiration in the charismatic fungal-growing insects to understand multipartite degradation of plant polymers. Independently evolved in diverse insect lineages, fungiculture embraces passive or active fungal cultivation for food, protection, and structural purposes. We consider there is much to learn from these symbioses, in special from the community-level degradation of recalcitrant biomass and defensive metabolites. Microbial plant-degrading systems at the core of insect fungicultures could be promising candidates for degrading synthetic plastics. Here, we first compare the degradation of lignocellulose and plastic polymers, with emphasis in the overlapping microbial players and enzymatic activities between these processes. Second, we review the literature on diverse insect fungiculture systems, focusing on features that, while supporting insects' ecology and evolution, could also be applied in biotechnological processes. Third, taking lessons from these microbial communities, we suggest multidisciplinary strategies to identify microbial degraders, degrading enzymes and pathways, as well as microbial interactions and interdependencies. Spanning from multiomics to spectroscopy, microscopy, stable isotopes probing, enrichment microcosmos, and synthetic communities, these strategies would allow for a systemic understanding of the fungiculture ecology, driving to application possibilities. Detailing how the metabolic landscape is entangled to achieve ecological success could inspire sustainable efforts for mitigating the current environmental crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana O. Barcoto
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Tyagi K, Tyagi I, Patidar A, Singha D, Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba A, Banerjee D, Kumar V. Gut microbial composition in developmental stages of gall inducing thrips Gynaikothrips uzeli and associated plant pathogenesis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1439-1446. [PMID: 35280592 PMCID: PMC8913411 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the several metabolic activity of the insects. In the present work, effort has been made to decipher the gut microbiota associated with the developmental stages of Gynaikothrips uzeli a gall inducing thrips along with their predicted functional role. Further, an effort has been made to correlate the bacterial communities with plant pathogenesis and thelytoky behaviour of G. uzeli. Findings obtained revealed that genus Arsenophonus dominated the total bacterial diversity and was transmitted vertically through the developmental stages. Further, it was observed that the high abundance of genus Arsenophonus promotes the thelytoky behaviour in G. uzeli and results in the killing of males. Furthermore, strong connecting link between Arsenophonus abundance and gall induction in F. benjamina was observed in the current dataset. G. uzeli being in the category of phloem sucking insect was known for the induction of galls and the current findings for the first time unveiled the facts that high abundance of genus Arsenophonus a well-known plant pathogen may be one of the major reason for inducing galls in F. benjamina. Moreover, PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that predicted functional pathways like biosynthesis of amino acids, and metabolism of carbon, nitrogen, carbohydrates and amino acids (e.g. Arginine, Alanine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Proline, Cysteine, Methionine, Glycine, Threonine, and Serine) were frequently noticed in profiles associated with all the developmental stages of G. uzeli. More to this, the high abundance of Arsenophonus in G. uzeli suggest that representatives of this genus may be resistant and/or tolerant to different antibacterial agents, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides (e.g. quercetin). The correlation of bacterial diversity in pathogenicity can be extrapolated in different pest and vector species of other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Abhishek Patidar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Devkant Singha
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Dhriti Banerjee
- Director, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata 700053, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata 700053, India
- Corresponding authors.
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Malacrinò A. Host species identity shapes the diversity and structure of insect microbiota. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:723-735. [PMID: 34837439 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As for most of the life that inhabits our planet, microorganisms play an essential role in insect nutrition, reproduction, defence, and support their host in many other functions. More recently, we assisted to an exponential growth of studies describing the taxonomical composition of bacterial communities across insects' phylogeny. However, there is still an outstanding question that needs to be answered: Which factors contribute most to shape insects' microbiomes? This study tries to find an answer to this question by taking advantage of publicly available sequencing data and reanalysing over 4000 samples of insect-associated bacterial communities under a common framework. Results suggest that insect taxonomy has a wider impact on the structure and diversity of their associated microbial communities than the other factors considered (diet, sex, life stage, sample origin and treatment). However, when specifically testing for signatures of codiversification of insect species and their microbiota, analyses found weak support for this, suggesting that while insect species strongly drive the structure and diversity of insect microbiota, the diversification of those microbial communities did not follow their host's phylogeny. Furthermore, a parallel survey of the literature highlights several methodological limitations that need to be considered in the future research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Malacrinò
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Singh S, Singh A, Baweja V, Roy A, Chakraborty A, Singh IK. Molecular Rationale of Insect-Microbes Symbiosis-From Insect Behaviour to Mechanism. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122422. [PMID: 34946024 PMCID: PMC8707026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects nurture a panoply of microbial populations that are often obligatory and exist mutually with their hosts. Symbionts not only impact their host fitness but also shape the trajectory of their phenotype. This co-constructed niche successfully evolved long in the past to mark advanced ecological specialization. The resident microbes regulate insect nutrition by controlling their host plant specialization and immunity. It enhances the host fitness and performance by detoxifying toxins secreted by the predators and abstains them. The profound effect of a microbial population on insect physiology and behaviour is exploited to understand the host–microbial system in diverse taxa. Emergent research of insect-associated microbes has revealed their potential to modulate insect brain functions and, ultimately, control their behaviours, including social interactions. The revelation of the gut microbiota–brain axis has now unravelled insects as a cost-effective potential model to study neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural dysfunctions in humans. This article reviewed our knowledge about the insect–microbial system, an exquisite network of interactions operating between insects and microbes, its mechanistic insight that holds intricate multi-organismal systems in harmony, and its future perspectives. The demystification of molecular networks governing insect–microbial symbiosis will reveal the perplexing behaviours of insects that could be utilized in managing insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Varsha Baweja
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Excelentní Tým pro Mitigaci (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.K.S.)
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.K.S.)
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Nones S, Simões F, Trindade CS, Matos J, Sousa E. Microbiome Associated with the Mycangia of Female and Male Adults of the Ambrosia Beetle Platypus cylindrus Fab. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:881. [PMID: 34680650 PMCID: PMC8540956 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ambrosia beetle Platypus cylindrus Fab. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major cork oak pest in Portugal. Female and male beetles have different roles in host tree colonization and are both equipped with prothoracic mycangia for fungal transportation. Despite a known beneficial role of bacteria in ambrosia beetles, information on bacterial composition associated with prothoracic mycangia structures is scarce. Bacterial community from mycangia of P. cylindrus male and female beetles collected from cork oak galleries was investigated by means of 16S metagenomics. Mycangia anatomical structure was also explored with histological techniques and X-ray computed microtomography to highlight evidence supporting biological sexual dimorphism. A bacterial community with highly diverse bacterial taxa with low abundances at the genus level was revealed. Lactobacillales, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Rothia, and Sphingomonadaceae were significantly more abundant in males, while Acinetobacter, Chitinophagaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Pseudoclavibacter were more abundant in females. Additionally, a core bacteriome of five genera was shared by both sexes. Histological examination revealed visible connections linking external and internal tissues in females, but none in males. Overall, these results provide the first insights into sexual differentiation for bacteria in a Platypodinae beetle species, identifying key patterns of bacteria distribution in the context of beetle ecology and functional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nones
- Agrarian and Forestry Systems and Vegetal Health Unit, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.S.T.); (E.S.)
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Simões
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Unit, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Cândida Sofia Trindade
- Agrarian and Forestry Systems and Vegetal Health Unit, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.S.T.); (E.S.)
| | - José Matos
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Unit, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.S.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edmundo Sousa
- Agrarian and Forestry Systems and Vegetal Health Unit, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.S.T.); (E.S.)
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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10
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Xue H, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Wu C, Gao X, Luo J, Cui J. Gut Bacterial Diversity in Different Life Cycle Stages of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670383. [PMID: 34149656 PMCID: PMC8208491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and insects have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Bacteria participate in several physiological processes such as reproduction, metabolism, and detoxification of the host. Adelphocoris suturalis is considered a pest by the agricultural industry and is now a major pest in cotton, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. As with many insects, various microbes live inside A. suturalis. However, the microbial composition and diversity of its life cycle have not been well-studied. To identify the species and community structure of symbiotic bacteria in A. suturalis, we used the HiSeq platform to perform high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region in the 16S rRNA of symbiotic bacteria found in A. suturalis throughout its life stages. Our results demonstrated that younger nymphs (1st and 2nd instar nymphs) have higher species richness. Proteobacteria (87.06%) and Firmicutes (9.43%) were the dominant phyla of A. suturalis. At the genus level, Erwinia (28.98%), Staphylococcus (5.69%), and Acinetobacter (4.54%) were the dominant bacteria. We found that the relative abundance of Erwinia was very stable during the whole developmental stage. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium showed significant dynamic changes at different developmental stages. Functional prediction of symbiotic bacteria mainly focuses on metabolic pathways. Our findings document symbiotic bacteria across the life cycle of A. suturalis, as well as differences in both the composition and richness in nymph and adult symbiotic bacteria. Our analysis of the bacteria in A. suturalis provides important information for the development of novel biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changcai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Fungal mutualisms and pathosystems: life and death in the ambrosia beetle mycangia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3393-3410. [PMID: 33837831 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles and their microbial communities, housed in specialized structures termed mycangia, represent one of the oldest and most diverse systems of mutualism and parasitism described thus far. Comprised of core filamentous fungal members, but also including bacteria and yeasts, the mycangia represent a unique adaptation that allows beetles to store and transport their source of nutrition. Although perhaps the most ancient of "farmers," the nature of these interactions remains largely understudied, with the exception of a handful of emerging pathosystems, where the fungal partner acts as a potentially devastating tree pathogen. Such virulence is often seen during "invasions," where (invasive) beetles carrying the fungal symbiont/plant pathogen expand into new territories and presumably "naïve" trees. Here, we summarize recent findings on the phylogenetic relationships between beetles and their symbionts and advances in the developmental and genetic characterization of the mechanisms that underlie insect-fungal-plant interactions. Results on genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic aspects of these relationships are described. Although many members of the fungal Raffaelea-beetle symbiont genera are relatively harmless to host trees, specialized pathosystems including wilt diseases of laurel and oak, caused by specific subspecies (R. lauricola and R. quercus, in the USA and East Asia, respectively), have emerged as potent plant pathogens capable of killing healthy trees. With the development of genetic tools, coupled to biochemical and microscopic techniques, the ambrosia beetle-fungal symbiont is establishing itself as a unique model system to study the molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie the convergences of symbioses, mutualism, parasitism, and virulence. KEY POINTS: • Fungal-beetle symbioses are diverse and ancient examples of microbial farming. • The mycangium is a specialized structure on insects that houses microbial symbionts. • Some beetle symbiotic fungi are potent plant pathogens vectored by the insect.
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12
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Saati-Santamaría Z, Rivas R, Kolařik M, García-Fraile P. A New Perspective of Pseudomonas-Host Interactions: Distribution and Potential Ecological Functions of the Genus Pseudomonas within the Bark Beetle Holobiont. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020164. [PMID: 33669823 PMCID: PMC7922261 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Symbiosis between microbes and insects has been raised as a promising area for understanding biological implications of microbe-host interactions. Among them, the association between fungi and bark beetles has been generally recognized as essential for the bark beetle ecology. However, many works investigating bark beetle bacterial communities and their functions usually meet in a common finding: Pseudomonas is a broadly represented genus within this holobiont and it may provide beneficial roles to its host. Thus, we aimed to review available research on this microbe-host interaction and point out the probable relevance of Pseudomonas strains for these insects, in order to guide future research toward a deeper analysis of the importance of these bacteria for the beetle's life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Saati-Santamaría
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (Z.S.-S.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Associated Research Unit of Plant-Microorganism Interaction, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miroslav Kolařik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Villamayor, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Associated Research Unit of Plant-Microorganism Interaction, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (Z.S.-S.); (P.G.-F.)
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13
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Li H, Young SE, Poulsen M, Currie CR. Symbiont-Mediated Digestion of Plant Biomass in Fungus-Farming Insects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:297-316. [PMID: 32926791 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-040920-061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Feeding on living or dead plant material is widespread in insects. Seminal work on termites and aphids has provided profound insights into the critical nutritional role that microbes play in plant-feeding insects. Some ants, beetles, and termites, among others, have evolved the ability to use microbes to gain indirect access to plant substrate through the farming of a fungus on which they feed. Recent genomic studies, including studies of insect hosts and fungal and bacterial symbionts, as well as metagenomics and proteomics, have provided important insights into plant biomass digestion across insect-fungal mutualisms. Not only do advances in understanding of the divergent and complementary functions of complex symbionts reveal the mechanism of how these herbivorous insects catabolize plant biomass, but these symbionts also represent a promising reservoir for novel carbohydrate-active enzyme discovery, which is of considerable biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; ,
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Soleil E Young
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; ,
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark;
| | - Cameron R Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; ,
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
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14
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Qadri M, Short S, Gast K, Hernandez J, Wong ACN. Microbiome Innovation in Agriculture: Development of Microbial Based Tools for Insect Pest Management. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.547751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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15
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Ibarra-Juarez LA, Burton MAJ, Biedermann PHW, Cruz L, Desgarennes D, Ibarra-Laclette E, Latorre A, Alonso-Sánchez A, Villafan E, Hanako-Rosas G, López L, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Carrion G, Carrillo D, Moya A, Lamelas A. Evidence for Succession and Putative Metabolic Roles of Fungi and Bacteria in the Farming Mutualism of the Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus affinis. mSystems 2020; 5:e00541-20. [PMID: 32934115 PMCID: PMC7498683 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00541-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial and fungal community involved in ambrosia beetle fungiculture remains poorly studied compared to the famous fungus-farming ants and termites. Here we studied microbial community dynamics of laboratory nests, adults, and brood during the life cycle of the sugarcane shot hole borer, Xyleborus affinis We identified a total of 40 fungal and 428 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from which only five fungi (a Raffaelea fungus and four ascomycete yeasts) and four bacterial genera (Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Ochrobactrum) can be considered the core community playing the most relevant symbiotic role. Both the fungal and bacterial populations varied significantly during the beetle's life cycle. While the ascomycete yeasts were the main colonizers of the gallery early on, the Raffaelea and other filamentous fungi appeared after day 10, at the time when larval hatching happened. Regarding bacteria, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter dominated overall but decreased in foundresses and brood with age. Finally, inferred analyses of the putative metabolic capabilities of the bacterial microbiome revealed that they are involved in (i) degradation of fungal and plant polymers, (ii) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and (iii) essential amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin provisioning. Overall, our results suggest that yeasts and bacteria are more strongly involved in supporting the beetle-fungus farming symbiosis than previously thought.IMPORTANCE Ambrosia beetles farm their own food fungi within tunnel systems in wood and are among the three insect lineages performing agriculture (the others are fungus-farming ants and termites). In ambrosia beetles, primary ambrosia fungus cultivars have been regarded essential, whereas other microbes have been more or less ignored. Our KEGG analyses suggest so far unknown roles of yeasts and bacterial symbionts, by preparing the tunnel walls for the primary ambrosia fungi. This preparation includes enzymatic degradation of wood, essential amino acid production, and nitrogen fixation. The latter is especially exciting because if it turns out to be present in vivo in ambrosia beetles, all farming animals (including humans) are dependent on atmospheric nitrogen fertilization of their crops. As previous internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metabarcoding approaches failed on covering the primary ambrosia fungi, our 18S metabarcoding approach can also serve as a template for future studies on the ambrosia beetle-fungus symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - M A J Burton
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - P H W Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida, USA
| | - D Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - E Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - A Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (Universitat de València and CSIC), València, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Sánchez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - E Villafan
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - G Hanako-Rosas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - L López
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | | | - G Carrion
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - D Carrillo
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
| | - A Moya
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (Universitat de València and CSIC), València, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - A Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, México
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16
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Bark beetle mycobiome: collaboratively defined research priorities on a widespread insect-fungus symbiosis. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Ranger CM, Werle CT, Schultz PB, Addesso KM, Oliver JB, Reding ME. Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). INSECTS 2019; 11:insects11010008. [PMID: 31861802 PMCID: PMC7023080 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are destructive wood-boring insects of horticultural trees. We evaluated long-lasting insecticide netting for protecting stems against ambrosia beetles. Container-grown eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis, trees were flood-stressed to induce ambrosia beetle attacks, and deltamethrin-treated netting was wrapped from the base of the stem vertically to the branch junction. Trees were deployed under field conditions in Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, and Mississippi with the following treatments: (1) flooded tree; (2) flooded tree with untreated netting; (3) flooded tree with treated ‘standard mesh’ netting of 24 holes/cm2; (4) flooded tree with treated ‘fine mesh’ netting of 28 holes/cm2; and/or (5) non-flooded tree. Treated netting reduced attacks compared to untreated netting and/or unprotected trees in Mississippi in 2017, Ohio and Tennessee in 2018, and Virginia in 2017–2018. Inconsistent effects occurred in Mississippi in 2018. Fewer Anisandrus maiche, Xylosandrus germanus, and Xyleborinus saxesenii were dissected from trees deployed in Ohio protected with treated netting compared to untreated netting; trees deployed in other locations were not dissected. These results indicate long-lasting insecticide netting can provide some protection of trees from ambrosia beetle attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Ranger
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher T. Werle
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Lab, 810 Hwy 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA;
| | - Peter B. Schultz
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA;
| | - Karla M. Addesso
- Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, College of Agriculture, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA; (K.M.A.); (J.B.O.)
| | - Jason B. Oliver
- Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, College of Agriculture, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA; (K.M.A.); (J.B.O.)
| | - Michael E. Reding
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Insects Research Lab, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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18
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Miller KE, Inward DJG, Gomez-Rodriguez C, Baselga A, Vogler AP. Predicting the unpredictable: How host specific is the mycobiota of bark and ambrosia beetles? FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Zhao C, Zhao H, Zhang S, Luo J, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao P, Hua H, Cui J. The Developmental Stage Symbionts of the Pea Aphid-Feeding Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2454. [PMID: 31736900 PMCID: PMC6839393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) is widely recognized as an important holometabolous natural enemy of various insect pests in different cropping systems and as a non-target surrogate in environmental risk assessment of Bt rice (i.e., genetically modified rice to express a toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis). Like other complex organisms, abundant microbes live inside C. sinica; however, to date, microbiome composition and diversity of the whole life cycle in C. sinica has not yet been well characterized. In the current study, we analyze the composition and biodiversity of microbiota across the whole life cycle of C. sinica by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Collectively, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the microenvironment at all stages, but their relative abundances fluctuated by host developmental stage. Interestingly, eggs, neonates, and adults shared similar microbes, including an abundance of Rickettsia and Wolbachia. After larva feeding, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Serratia were enriched in larvae and pupa, suggesting that food may serve as a major factor contributing to altered microbial community divergence at different developmental stages. Our findings demonstrated that C. sinica harbor a variety of bacteria, and that dynamic changes in community composition and relative abundances of members of its microbiome occur during different life cycle stages. Evaluating the role of these bacterial symbionts in this natural enemy may assist in developing environmental risk assessments and novel biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Distribution, Habitat Preference, and Management of the Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in European Forests with an Emphasis on the West Carpathians. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The black timber bark beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) is an invasive ambrosia beetle that originates from Southeast Asia and has become successfully established within Europe and North America. Herein, we provide a review of the spread and distribution of this tree and timber pest species across Europe, before and after 2000, along with a review of its habitat preferences. Since the spread of X. germanus across Europe has accelerated rapidly post-2000, emphasis is placed on this period. X. germanus was first recorded in Germany in 1951 and since then in 21 other European countries along with Russia. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in oak, beech, and spruce forest ecosystems in the Western Carpathians, Central Europe, Slovakia, to characterize the distribution and habitat preferences of this non-native ambrosia beetle. Captures of X. germanus within Slovakia have been rising rapidly since its first record in 2010, and now this species dominates captures of ambrosia beetles. X. germanus has spread throughout Slovakia from south-southwest to north-northeast over a period of 5–10 years, and has also spread vertically into higher altitudes within the country. While living but weakened trees in Europe and North America are attacked by X. germanus, the greatest negative impact within Slovakia is attacks on recently felled logs of oak, beech and spruce trees, which provide high quality timber/lumber. We suggest that the recent rapid spread of X. germanus in Central Europe is being facilitated by environmental changes, specifically global warming, and the increasing frequency of timber trade. Recommendations for the management of X. germanus in forest ecosystems are proposed and discussed, including early detection, monitoring, sanitary measures, etc.
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Ibarra-Juarez LA, Desgarennes D, Vázquez-Rosas-Landa M, Villafan E, Alonso-Sánchez A, Ferrera-Rodríguez O, Moya A, Carrillo D, Cruz L, Carrión G, López-Buenfil A, García-Avila C, Ibarra-Laclette E, Lamelas A. Impact of Rearing Conditions on the Ambrosia Beetle's Microbiome. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:E63. [PMID: 30551580 PMCID: PMC6316638 DOI: 10.3390/life8040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles, along with termites and leafcutter ants, are the only fungus-farming lineages within the tree of life. Bacteria harbored by ambrosia beetles may play an essential role in the nutritional symbiotic interactions with their associated fungi; however, little is known about the impact of rearing conditions on the microbiota of ambrosia beetles. We have used culture-independent methods to explore the effect of rearing conditions on the microbiome associated with Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, and Xyleborus volvulus, evaluating different media in laboratory-controlled conditions and comparing wild and laboratory conditions. Our results revealed that rearing conditions affected the fungal and bacterial microbiome structure and had a strong influence on bacterial metabolic capacities. We propose that the rearing conditions influence the ambrosia-associated fungal and bacterial communities. Furthermore, bacterial microbiome flexibility may help beetles adapt to different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
- Cátedras CONACyT. Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Damaris Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | | | - Emanuel Villafan
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Andrés Moya
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute for Integrative System Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Luisa Cruz
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Gloria Carrión
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Abel López-Buenfil
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnóstico, Servicios y Constatación, Tecámac, Estado de Mexico 55740, Mexico.
| | - Clemente García-Avila
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Unidad Integral de Diagnóstico, Servicios y Constatación, Tecámac, Estado de Mexico 55740, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
| | - Araceli Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico.
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Meta-Omics Tools in the World of Insect-Microorganism Interactions. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7040050. [PMID: 30486337 PMCID: PMC6316257 DOI: 10.3390/biology7040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to influence several aspects of insects’ life, and this statement is gaining increasing strength, as research demonstrates it daily. At the same time, new sequencing technologies are now available at a lower cost per base, and bioinformatic procedures are becoming more user-friendly. This is triggering a huge effort in studying the microbial diversity associated to insects, and especially to economically important insect pests. The importance of the microbiome has been widely acknowledged for a wide range of animals, and also for insects this topic is gaining considerable importance. In addition to bacterial-associates, the insect-associated fungal communities are also gaining attention, especially those including plant pathogens. The use of meta-omics tools is not restricted to the description of the microbial world, but it can be also used in bio-surveillance, food safety assessment, or even to bring novelties to the industry. This mini-review aims to give a wide overview of how meta-omics tools are fostering advances in research on insect-microorganism interactions.
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Zhang Z, Jiao S, Li X, Li M. Bacterial and fungal gut communities of Agrilus mali at different developmental stages and fed different diets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15634. [PMID: 30353073 PMCID: PMC6199299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrilus mali (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to the Xinjiang wild fruit forest. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal intestinal microbial communities of A. mali during different developmental stages, including larvae, pupae and newly eclosed adults or fed different diets (leaves of Malus halliana and Malus pumila) using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that microbial alpha diversity first increased and then decreased during the developmental stages, with the most dominant bacteria and fungi exhibiting the dynamic patterns "Decrease", "Increase" and "Fluctuation". With respect to the different diets, the bacterial communities were similar between the newly eclosed adults and adults fed M. pumila leaves, while the structure of the fungal communities showed great differences between newly eclosed adults and adults fed different diets. Through a co-correlation network analysis, we observed complex microbial interactions among bacterial and fungal taxa that were associated with potential diverse functions and intricate biological processes in the intestinal microbiota of A. mali. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the invasive insect A. mali harbours diverse, dynamic, and presumably multifunctional microbial communities, an understanding of which could improve our ability to develop more effective management approaches to control A. mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Menglou Li
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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24
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Skelton J, Jusino MA, Li Y, Bateman C, Thai PH, Wu C, Lindner DL, Hulcr J. Detecting Symbioses in Complex Communities: the Fungal Symbionts of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Within Asian Pines. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:839-850. [PMID: 29476344 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Separating symbioses from incidental associations is a major obstacle in symbiosis research. In this survey of fungi associated with Asian bark and ambrosia beetles, we used quantitative culture and DNA barcode identification to characterize fungal communities associated with co-infesting beetle species in pines (Pinus) of China and Vietnam. To quantitatively discern likely symbioses from coincidental associations, we used multivariate analysis and multilevel pattern analysis (a type of indicator species analysis). Nearly half of the variation in fungal community composition in beetle galleries and on beetle bodies was explained by beetle species. We inferred a spectrum of ecological strategies among beetle-associated fungi: from generalist multispecies associates to highly specialized single-host symbionts that were consistently dominant within the mycangia of their hosts. Statistically significant fungal associates of ambrosia beetles were typically only found with one beetle species. In contrast, bark beetle-associated fungi were often associated with multiple beetle species. Ambrosia beetles and their galleries were frequently colonized by low-prevalence ambrosia fungi, suggesting that facultative ambrosial associations are commonplace, and ecological mechanisms such as specialization and competition may be important in these dynamic associations. The approach used here could effectively delimit symbiotic interactions in any system where symbioses are obscured by frequent incidental associations. It has multiple advantages including (1) powerful statistical tests for non-random associations among potential symbionts, (2) simultaneous evaluation of multiple co-occurring host and symbiont associations, and (3) identifying symbionts that are significantly associated with multiple host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Skelton
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Michelle A Jusino
- United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - You Li
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Craig Bateman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pham Hong Thai
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chengxu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forest Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel L Lindner
- United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA.
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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25
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Kaczmarczyk A, Kucharczyk H, Kucharczyk M, Kapusta P, Sell J, Zielińska S. First insight into microbiome profile of fungivorous thrips Hoplothrips carpathicus (Insecta: Thysanoptera) at different developmental stages: molecular evidence of Wolbachia endosymbiosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14376. [PMID: 30258200 PMCID: PMC6158184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects' exoskeleton, gut, hemocoel, and cells are colonized by various microorganisms that often play important roles in their host life. Moreover, insects are frequently infected by vertically transmitted symbionts that can manipulate their reproduction. The aims of this study were the characterization of bacterial communities of four developmental stages of the fungivorous species Hoplothrips carpathicus (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), verification of the presence of Wolbachia, in silico prediction of metabolic potentials of the microorganisms, and sequencing its mitochondrial COI barcode. Taxonomy-based analysis indicated that the bacterial community of H. carpathicus contained 21 bacterial phyla. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacterioidetes and Firmicutes, and the most abundant classes were Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, with different proportions in the total share. For pupa and imago (adult) the most abundant genus was Wolbachia, which comprised 69.95% and 56.11% of total bacterial population respectively. Moreover, similarity analysis of bacterial communities showed that changes in microbiome composition are congruent with the successive stages of H. carpathicus development. PICRUSt analysis predicted that each bacterial community should be rich in genes involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, replication and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Halina Kucharczyk
- Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Kucharczyk
- Department of Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kapusta
- Center for Medical Genomics - OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7c, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sell
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
- Phage Consultants, Partyzantow 10/18, 80-254, Gdansk, Poland
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26
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Na F, Carrillo JD, Mayorquin JS, Ndinga-Muniania C, Stajich JE, Stouthamer R, Huang YT, Lin YT, Chen CY, Eskalen A. Two Novel Fungal Symbionts Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov. and Graphium kuroshium sp. nov. of Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer (Euwallacea sp. nr. fornicatus) Cause Fusarium Dieback on Woody Host Species in California. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1154-1164. [PMID: 30673440 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1042-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Shot hole borer (SHB)-Fusarium dieback (FD) is a new pest-disease complex affecting numerous tree species in California and is vectored by two distinct, but related ambrosia beetles (Euwallacea sp. nr. fornicatus) called polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB). These pest-disease complexes cause branch dieback and tree mortality on numerous wildland and landscape tree species, as well as agricultural tree species, primarily avocado. The recent discovery of KSHB in California initiated an investigation of fungal symbionts associated with the KSHB vector. Ten isolates of Fusarium sp. and Graphium sp., respectively, were recovered from the mycangia of adult KSHB females captured in three different locations within San Diego County and compared with the known symbiotic fungi of PSHB. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1-α), and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB1, RPB2) regions as well as morphological comparisons revealed that two novel fungal associates Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov. and Graphium kuroshium sp. nov. obtained from KSHB were related to, but distinct from the fungal symbionts F. euwallaceae and G. euwallaceae associated with PSHB in California. Pathogenicity tests on healthy, young avocado plants revealed F. kuroshium and G. kuroshium to be pathogenic. Lesion lengths from inoculation of F. kuroshium were found to be significantly shorter compared with those caused by F. euwallaceae, while no difference in symptom severity was detected between Graphium spp. associated with KSHB and PSHB. These findings highlight the pest disease complexes of KSHB-FD and PSHB-FD as distinct, but collective threats adversely impacting woody hosts throughout California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Na
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | - Joseph D Carrillo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | - Joey S Mayorquin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | - Cedric Ndinga-Muniania
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
| | | | - Yin-Tse Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC, and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 92521
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27
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Nutritional symbionts of a putative vector, Xyleborus bispinatus, of the laurel wilt pathogen of avocado, Raffaelea lauricola. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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29
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Birer C, Tysklind N, Zinger L, Duplais C. Comparative analysis of DNA extraction methods to study the body surface microbiota of insects: A case study with ant cuticular bacteria. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 17:e34-e45. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Birer
- CNRS, UMR8172 EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA; Université des Antilles; Université de Guyane; Cayenne France
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- INRA, UMR8172 EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS; Université des Antilles; Université de Guyane; Kourou France
| | - Lucie Zinger
- CNRS, ENFA, UMR 5174 EDB; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - Christophe Duplais
- CNRS, UMR8172 EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA; Université des Antilles; Université de Guyane; Cayenne France
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30
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Łukasik P, Newton JA, Sanders JG, Hu Y, Moreau CS, Kronauer DJC, O'Donnell S, Koga R, Russell JA. The structured diversity of specialized gut symbionts of the New World army ants. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3808-3825. [PMID: 28393425 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria play important roles in the biology of their arthropod hosts. Yet the microbiota of many diverse and influential groups remain understudied, resulting in a paucity of information on the fidelities and histories of these associations. Motivated by prior findings from a smaller scale, 16S rRNA-based study, we conducted a broad phylogenetic and geographic survey of microbial communities in the ecologically dominant New World army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae). Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene across 28 species spanning the five New World genera showed that the microbial communities of army ants consist of very few common and abundant bacterial species. The two most abundant microbes, referred to as Unclassified Firmicutes and Unclassified Entomoplasmatales, appear to be specialized army ant associates that dominate microbial communities in the gut lumen of three host genera, Eciton, Labidus and Nomamyrmex. Both are present in other army ant genera, including those from the Old World, suggesting that army ant symbioses date back to the Cretaceous. Extensive sequencing of bacterial protein-coding genes revealed multiple strains of these symbionts coexisting within colonies, but seldom within the same individual ant. Bacterial strains formed multiple host species-specific lineages on phylogenies, which often grouped strains from distant geographic locations. These patterns deviate from those seen in other social insects and raise intriguing questions about the influence of army ant colony swarm-founding and within-colony genetic diversity on strain coexistence, and the effects of hosting a diverse suite of symbiont strains on colony ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Łukasik
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin A Newton
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corrie S Moreau
- Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J C Kronauer
- Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean O'Donnell
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryuichi Koga
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jacob A Russell
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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31
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Hulcr J, Stelinski LL. The Ambrosia Symbiosis: From Evolutionary Ecology to Practical Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:285-303. [PMID: 27860522 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ambrosia beetle-fungus farming symbiosis is more heterogeneous than previously thought. There is not one but many ambrosia symbioses. Beetle-fungus specificity is clade dependent and ranges from strict to promiscuous. Each new origin has evolved a new mycangium. The most common relationship with host trees is colonization of freshly dead tissues, but there are also parasites of living trees, vectors of pathogenic fungi, and beetles living in rotten trees with a wood-decay symbiont. Most of these strategies are driven by fungal metabolism whereas beetle ecology is evolutionarily more flexible. The ambrosia lifestyle facilitated a radiation of social strategies, from fungus thieves to eusocial species to communities assembled by attraction to fungal scent. Although over 95% of the symbiotic pairs are economically harmless, there are also three types of pest damage: tree pathogen inoculation, mass accumulation on susceptible hosts, and structural damage. Beetles able to colonize live tree tissues are most likely to become invasive pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850;
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32
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Harrington TC, McNew D, Mayers C, Fraedrich SW, Reed SE. Ambrosiella roeperisp. nov. is the mycangial symbiont of the granulate ambrosia beetle,Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Mycologia 2017; 106:835-45. [DOI: 10.3852/13-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chase Mayers
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | | | - Sharon E. Reed
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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33
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Lu M, Hulcr J, Sun J. The Role of Symbiotic Microbes in Insect Invasions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China;
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation and the Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China;
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34
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Ranger CM, Schultz PB, Reding ME, Frank SD, Palmquist DE. Flood Stress as a Technique to Assess Preventive Insecticide and Fungicide Treatments for Protecting Trees against Ambrosia Beetles. INSECTS 2016; 7:E40. [PMID: 27548230 PMCID: PMC5039553 DOI: 10.3390/insects7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles tunnel into the heartwood of trees where they cultivate and feed upon a symbiotic fungus. We assessed the effectiveness of flood stress for making Cercis canadensis L. and Cornus florida L. trees attractive to attack as part of insecticide and fungicide efficacy trials conducted in Ohio and Virginia. Since female ambrosia beetles will not begin ovipositing until their symbiotic fungus is established within the host, we also assessed pre-treatment of trees with permethrin, azoxystrobin, and potassium phosphite on fungal establishment and beetle colonization success. Permethrin reduced attacks on flooded trees, yet no attacks occurred on any of the non-flooded trees. Fewer galleries created within flooded trees pre-treated with permethrin, azoxystrobin, and potassium phosphite contained the purported symbiotic fungus; foundress' eggs were only detected in flooded but untreated trees. While pre-treatment with permethrin, azoxystrobin, and potassium phosphite can disrupt colonization success, maintaining tree health continues to be the most effective and sustainable management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Ranger
- Horticultural Insects Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Peter B Schultz
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA.
| | - Michael E Reding
- Horticultural Insects Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Steven D Frank
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27965, USA.
| | - Debra E Palmquist
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Midwest Area, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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35
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Campbell AS, Ploetz RC, Dreaden TJ, Kendra PE, Montgomery WS. Geographic variation in mycangial communities of Xyleborus glabratus. Mycologia 2016; 108:657-67. [PMID: 27055571 DOI: 10.3852/15-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Factors that influence fungal communities in ambrosia beetle mycangia are poorly understood. The beetle that is responsible for spreading laurel wilt in SE USA, Xyleborus glabratrus, was examined at three sites along a 500 km N-S transect in Florida, each populated by host trees in the Lauraceae. Fungal phenotypes were quantified in mycangia of individual females that were collected from a site in Miami-Dade County (MDC), 25.8N, with swamp bay (Persea palustris), one in Highlands County (HC), 27.9N, with silkbay (P. humulis) and swamp bay and another in Alachua County (AC), 29.8N, with redbay (P. borbonia). Based on combined LSU, SSU and beta-tubulin datasets the most prominent phenotypes were Raffaelea lauricola (cause of laurel wilt), R. subalba, R. subfusca, R. fusca, R. arxii and an undescribed Raffaelea sp. Mean numbers of colony forming units (CFUs) of R. lauricola varied by location (P < 0.003), and a multivariate analysis, which accounted for the presence and relative abundance of fungal species, indicated that there were significant variations in mycangial communities among the sites; thus climate and vegetation might have affected fungal diversity and the relative abundance of these fungi in the mycangia of X. glabratus Statistically it was unlikely that any of the species influenced the presence and prevalence of another species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S Campbell
- University of Florida, Tropical Research & Education Center, Homestead, Florida 33031
| | - Randy C Ploetz
- University of Florida, Tropical Research & Education Center, Homestead, Florida 33031
| | - Tyler J Dreaden
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Southern Research Station, USDA-Forest Service, Forest Health Research and Education Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40517
| | - Paul E Kendra
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Miami, Florida 33158
| | - Wayne S Montgomery
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Miami, Florida 33158
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Mason CJ, Hanshew AS, Raffa KF. Contributions by Host Trees and Insect Activity to Bacterial Communities in Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Galleries, and Their High Overlap With Other Microbial Assemblages of Bark Beetles. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:348-356. [PMID: 26721298 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles are associated with a diversity of symbiotic microbiota that can mediate interactions with their host plants. Dendroctonus valens LeConte is a widely distributed bark beetle in North and Central America, and initiates solitary attacks on several species of Pinus in the Great Lakes region. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the bacterial community associated with D. valens feeding galleries using next-generation sequencing, and the possible contributions of both tree-resident and insect-associated bacteria to these consortia. We found that D. valens galleries harbor a diversity of microbial associates. Many of these associates were classified into a few taxonomic groups, of which Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant class. Of the Gammaproteobacteria detected, many formed clades with 16S-rRNA sequences of bacteria previously associated with D. valens Many of the bacteria sequences detected in the galleries were similar to bacteria that function in detoxification, kairomone metabolism, and nitrogen fixation and cycling. The abundance of bacteria in galleries were 7× and 44× higher than in the surrounding uninfested tissues, and that were not attacked by D. valens, respectively. This suggests that the bacteria present in beetle galleries are largely introduced by D. valens and proliferate in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Mason
- Department of Entomology, 345 Russell Labs 1630 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (; ), Current Address: Department of Entomology, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802,
| | - Alissa S Hanshew
- Department of Surgery, 1111 Highland Ave., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 , and Current Address: Environmental Health and Safety, 6 Eisenhower Parking Deck, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kenneth F Raffa
- Department of Entomology, 345 Russell Labs 1630 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (; )
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Durand AA, Bergeron A, Constant P, Buffet JP, Déziel E, Guertin C. Surveying the endomicrobiome and ectomicrobiome of bark beetles: The case of Dendroctonus simplex. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17190. [PMID: 26608752 PMCID: PMC4660424 DOI: 10.1038/srep17190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bark beetles belonging to the Dendroctonus genus carry bacterial and
fungal microbiota, forming a symbiotic complex that helps the insect to colonize the
subcortical environment of the host tree. However, the biodiversity of those
bacteria at the surface of the cuticle or inside the body parts of bark beetles is
not well established. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial
microbiome associated with the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex,
using bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The ecto- and endomicrobiome and the
subcortical galleries were investigated. Several bacterial genera were identified,
among which Pseudomonas, Serratia and Yersinia are associated with the
surface of the beetle cuticle, and genera belonging to Enterobacteriaceae and
Gammaproteobacteria with the interior of the insect body. The index of dissimilarity
indicates that the bacterial microbiome associated with each environment constitutes
exclusive groups. These results suggest the presence of distinct bacterial
microbiota on the surface of the cuticle and the interior of D. simplex body.
Additionally, the bacterial diversity identified in the galleries is substantially
different from the ectomicrobiome, which could indicate a selection by the insect.
This study reports for the first time the identification of the eastern larch beetle
microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric Déziel
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, H7V1B7, Canada
| | - Claude Guertin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, H7V1B7, Canada
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Abstract
All insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in the gut and hemocoel, and within insect cells. The insect microbiota is generally different from microorganisms in the external environment, including ingested food. Specifically, certain microbial taxa are favored by the conditions and resources in the insect habitat, by their tolerance of insect immunity, and by specific mechanisms for their transmission. The resident microorganisms can promote insect fitness by contributing to nutrition, especially by providing essential amino acids, B vitamins, and, for fungal partners, sterols. Some microorganisms protect their insect hosts against pathogens, parasitoids, and other parasites by synthesizing specific toxins or modifying the insect immune system. Priorities for future research include elucidation of microbial contributions to detoxification, especially of plant allelochemicals in phytophagous insects, and resistance to pathogens; as well as their role in among-insect communication; and the potential value of manipulation of the microbiota to control insect pests.
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Insect gut bacterial diversity determined by environmental habitat, diet, developmental stage, and phylogeny of host. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5254-64. [PMID: 24928884 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01226-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the most abundant animals on Earth, and the microbiota within their guts play important roles by engaging in beneficial and pathological interactions with these hosts. In this study, we comprehensively characterized insect-associated gut bacteria of 305 individuals belonging to 218 species in 21 taxonomic orders, using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. In total, 174,374 sequence reads were obtained, identifying 9,301 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 3% distance level from all samples, with an average of 84.3 (± 97.7) OTUs per sample. The insect gut microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria (62.1% of the total reads, including 14.1% Wolbachia sequences) and Firmicutes (20.7%). Significant differences were found in the relative abundances of anaerobes in insects and were classified according to the criteria of host environmental habitat, diet, developmental stage, and phylogeny. Gut bacterial diversity was significantly higher in omnivorous insects than in stenophagous (carnivorous and herbivorous) insects. This insect-order-spanning investigation of the gut microbiota provides insights into the relationships between insects and their gut bacterial communities.
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Hanshew AS, Mason CJ, Raffa KF, Currie CR. Minimization of chloroplast contamination in 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing of insect herbivore bacterial communities. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:149-55. [PMID: 23968645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast sequence contamination in 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S) analyses can be particularly problematic when sampling microbial communities in plants and folivorous arthropods. We previously encountered high levels of plastid contamination in herbivorous insect samples when we used the predominant 454 pyrosequencing 16S methodologies described in the literature. 799F, a primer previously found to exclude chloroplast sequences, was modified to enhance its efficacy, and we describe, in detail, our methodology throughout amplicon pyrosequencing. Thirteen versions of 799F were assessed for the exclusion of chloroplast sequences from our samples. We found that a shift in the mismatch between 799F and chloroplast 16S resulted in significant reduction of chloroplast reads. Our results also indicate that amplifying sequences from environmental samples in a two-step PCR process, with the addition of the multiplex identifiers and 454 adapters in a second round of PCR, further improved primer specificity. Primers that included 3' phosphorothioate bonds, which were designed to block primer degradation, did not amplify consistently across samples. The different forward primers do not appear to bias the bacterial communities detected. We provide a methodological framework for reducing chloroplast reads in high-throughput sequencing data sets that can be applied to a number of environmental samples and sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa S Hanshew
- Department of Bacteriology, 6145 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Dr, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Song S, Jarvie T, Hattori M. Our second genome-human metagenome: how next-generation sequencer changes our life through microbiology. Adv Microb Physiol 2013; 62:119-44. [PMID: 23481336 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410515-7.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has greatly expanded our ability to query the identity and genetic composition of entire communities of microbial organisms. This area of research, known as metagenomics, does not rely upon culturing the individual organisms. Rather, the genetic material from the entire community is processed and sequenced simultaneously. From this sequence data, researchers are able to determine the relative population of organisms within the community as well as determine which genes and metabolic pathways are present and expressed in the microbial community. While these techniques have been applied to a wide range of environmental samples, metagenomics is also the focus of intensive research on human-associated microbial communities. The scope of these human metagenomics studies are quite varied, but all have a common goal of attempting to understand the important role that human commensal microbial communities play in health and disease. The early results from studying the human metagenome indicate a vital role that microbial communities play in immunity, health, and disease. Going forward, human metagenomics is a wide open field of research with many unanswered questions such as which factors are responsible for the variation of composition of an individual's microbiome, how does the microbiome respond to disturbance, and what beneficial functions are the microorganisms performing?
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuolin Song
- Genome Sequencing Department, Applied Science, Roche Diagnostics K. K., Tokyo, Japan.
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