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Dang S, Geng J, Wang R, Feng Y, Han Y, Gao R. Isolation of endophytes from Dioscorea nipponica Makino for stimulating diosgenin production and plant growth. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:95. [PMID: 38472393 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Both bacterial and fungal endophytes exhibited one or more plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Among these strains, the Paenibacillus peoriae SYbr421 strain demonstrated the greatest activity in the direct biotransformation of tuber powder from D. nipponica into diosgenin. Endophytes play crucial roles in shaping active metabolites within plants, significantly influencing both the quality and yield of host plants. Dioscorea nipponica Makino accumulates abundant steroidal saponins, which can be hydrolyzed to produce diosgenin. However, our understanding of the associated endophytes and their contributions to plant growth and diosgenin production is limited. The present study aimed to assess the PGP ability and potential of diosgenin biotransformation by endophytes isolates associated with D. nipponica for the efficient improvement of plant growth and development of a clean and effective approach for producing the valuable drug diosgenin. Eighteen bacterial endophytes were classified into six genera through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene. Similarly, 12 fungal endophytes were categorized into 5 genera based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ITS rDNA gene. Pure culture experiments revealed that 30 isolated endophytic strains exhibited one or more PGP traits, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore synthesis, and IAA production. One strain of endophytic bacteria, P. peoriae SYbr421, effectively directly biotransformed the saponin components in D. nipponica. Moreover, a high yield of diosgenin (3.50%) was obtained at an inoculum size of 4% after 6 days of fermentation. Thus, SYbr421 could be used for a cleaner and more eco-friendly diosgenin production process. In addition, based on the assessment of growth-promoting isolates and seed germination results, the strains SYbr421, SYfr1321, and SYfl221 were selected for greenhouse experiments. The results revealed that the inoculation of these promising isolates significantly increased the plant height and fresh weight of the leaves and roots compared to the control plants. These findings underscore the importance of preparing PGP bioinoculants from selected isolates as an additional option for sustainable diosgenin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangni Dang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiang Geng
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yumei Feng
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Youzhi Han
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runmei Gao
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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2
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Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for gram-scale diosgenin production. Metab Eng 2022; 70:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Hu Z, Wang C, Pan L, Han S, Jin M, Xiang Y, Zheng L, Li Z, Cao R, Qin B. Identification and a phased pH control strategy of diosgenin bio-synthesized by an endogenous Bacillus licheniformis Syt1 derived from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9333-9342. [PMID: 34841464 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin is widely used as one precursor of steroidal drugs in pharmaceutical industry. Currently, there is no choice but to traditionally extract diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW) or other plants. In this work, an environmentally friendly approach, in which diosgenin can be bio-synthesized by the endophytic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis Syt1 isolated from DZW, is proposed. Diosgenin produced by the strain was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the melting point of the diosgenin product was 204 °C. The optical rotation measurement exhibited that the optical rotation was α20589 = - 126.1° ± 1.5° (chloroform, c = 1%): negative sign means that the product is left-handed, which is very important to further produce steroid hormone drugs. Cholesterol may be the intermediate product in the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway. In the batch fermentation process to produce diosgenin using the strain, pH values played an important role. A phased pH control strategy from 5.5 to 7.5 was proved to be more effective to improve production yield than any single pH control, which could get the highest diosgenin yield of 85 ± 8.6 mg L-1. The proposed method may replace phyto-chemistry extraction to produce diosgenin in the industry in the future.Key points• An endophytic Bacillus licheniformis Syt1 derived from host can produce diosgenin.• A dynamic pH industrial control strategy is better than any single pH control.• Proposed diosgenin-produced method hopefully replaces phyto-chemistry extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Wang
- YangLing Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lintao Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Han
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Zheng
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rang Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofu Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Rawat P, Kumar M, Srivastava A, Kumar B, Misra A, Pratap Singh S, Srivastava S. Influence of Soil Variation on Diosgenin Content Profile in Costus speciosus from Indo-Gangetic Plains. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000977. [PMID: 33837994 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Costus speciosus is a rich source of commercially important compound Diosgenin, distributed in different regions of India. The present investigation was aimed to quantify diosgenin through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography in 34 germplasms of Costus speciosus and also to identify the superior sources and to correlate the macronutrients of rhizospheric soil. The starch content varied in microscopic examination and correlated inversely (r=-0.266) with diosgenin content. Findings revealed that the extraction process with acid hydrolysis yielded higher diosgenin content (0.15-1.88 %) as compared to non-hydrolysis (0.009-0.368 %) procedure. Germplasms from Uttar Pradesh (NBCS-4), Jharkhand (NBCS-39) and Bihar (NBCS-2) were identified as elite chemotypes based on hierarchical clustering analysis. The phosphorous content of respective rhizospheric soil correlated positively (r=0.742) with diosgenin content. Findings of present study are useful to identify the new agrotechniques. The elite germplasms can also be used as quality planting material for large scale cultivation in order to assure a sustained supply to the herbal drug industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rawat
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Bhanu Kumar
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Satyendra Pratap Singh
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
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Liu W, Xiang H, Zhang T, Pang X, Su J, Liu H, Ma B, Yu L. Development of a New Bioprocess for Clean Diosgenin Production through Submerged Fermentation of an Endophytic Fungus. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9537-9548. [PMID: 33869934 PMCID: PMC8047649 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin is used widely to synthesize steroidal hormone drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. The conventional diosgenin production process, direct acid hydrolysis of the root of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW), causes large amounts of wastewater and severe environmental pollution. To develop a clean and effective method, the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. CPCC 400226 was screened for the first time for the microbial biotransformation of DZW in submerged fermentation (SmF). Statistical design and response surface methodology (RSM) were implemented to develop the diosgenin production process using the Fusarium strains. The environmental variables that significantly affected diosgenin yield were determined by the two-level Plackett-Burman design (PBD) with nine factors. PBD indicates that the fermentation period, culture temperature, and antifoam reagent addition are the most influential variables. These three variables were further optimized using the response surface design (RSD). A quadratic model was then built by the central composite design (CCD) to study the impact of interaction and quadratic effect on diosgenin yield. The values of the coefficient of determination for the PBD and CCD models were all over 0.95. P-values for both models were 0.0024 and <0.001, with F-values of ∼414 and ∼2215, respectively. The predicted results showed that a maximum diosgenin yield of 2.22% could be obtained with a fermentation period of 11.89 days, a culture temperature of 30.17 °C, and an antifoam reagent addition of 0.20%. The experimental value was 2.24%, which was in great agreement with predicted value. As a result, over 80% of the steroidal saponins in DZW were converted into diosgenin, presenting a ∼3-fold increase in diosgenin yield. For the first time, we report the SmF of a Fusarium strain used to produce diosgenin through the microbial biotransformation of DZW. A practical diosgenin production process was established for the first time for Fusarium strains. This bioprocess is acid-free and wastewater-free, providing a promising environmentally friendly alternative to diosgenin production in industrial applications. The information provided in the current study may be applicable to produce diosgenin in SmF by other endophytic fungi and lays a solid foundation for endophytic fungi to produce natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancang Liu
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Haibo Xiang
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Hubei University, 368 You Yi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Xu Pang
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Jing Su
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Institute
of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai Ping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, P. R.
China
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Li L, Wang L, Fan W, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Li J, Peng W, Wu C. The Application of Fermentation Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:899-921. [PMID: 32431179 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, fermentation is a highly important processing technology whereby medicinal herbs are fermented under appropriate temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions by means of the action of microorganisms to enhance their original characteristics and/or produce new effects. This expands the scope of such medicines and helps them to meet the stringent demands of clinical application. Since ancient times, Chinese medicine has been made into Yaoqu to reduce its toxicity and increase its efficiency. Modern fermentation technologies have been developed on the basis of traditional fermentation techniques and modern biological technology, and they can be divided into solid fermentation, liquid fermentation, and two-way fermentation technologies according to the fermentation form employed. This review serves as an introduction to traditional fermentation technology and its related products, modern fermentation technologies, and the application of fermentation technology in the field of Chinese medicine. Several problems and challenges facing the field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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Shaikh S, Shriram V, Khare T, Kumar V. Biotic elicitors enhance diosgenin production in Helicteres isora L. suspension cultures via up-regulation of CAS and HMGR genes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:593-604. [PMID: 32205933 PMCID: PMC7078398 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to find an alternative and potent source of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin in great demand for its pharmaceutical importance, Helicteres isora suspension cultures were explored for diosgenin extraction. The effect of biotic elicitors on the biosynthesis of diosgenin, in suspension cultures of H. isora was studied. Bacterial as well as fungal elicitors such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger were applied at varying concentrations to investigate their effects on diosgenin content. The HPLC based quantification of the treated samples proved that amongst the biotic elicitors, E. coli (1.5%) proved best with a 9.1-fold increase in diosgenin content over respective control cultures. Further, the scaling-up of the suspension culture to shake-flask and ultimately to bioreactor level were carried out for production of diosgenin. During all the scaling-up stages, diosgenin yield obtained was in the range between 7.91 and 8.64 mg l-1, where diosgenin content was increased with volume of the medium. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed biotic elicitors induced the expression levels of regulatory genes in diosgenin biosynthetic pathway, the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and cycloartenol synthase (CAS), which can be positively correlated with elicited diosgenin contents in those cultures. The study holds significance as H. isora represents a cleaner and easy source of diosgenin where unlike other traditional sources, it is not admixed with other steroidal saponins, and the scaled-up levels of diosgenin achieved herein have the potential to be explored commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrin Shaikh
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016 India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Akurdi, Pune, 411044 India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016 India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016 India
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He Y, Hu Z, Li A, Zhu Z, Yang N, Ying Z, He J, Wang C, Yin S, Cheng S. Recent Advances in Biotransformation of Saponins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132365. [PMID: 31248032 PMCID: PMC6650892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are a class of glycosides whose aglycones can be either triterpenes or helical spirostanes. It is commonly recognized that these active ingredients are widely found in various kinds of advanced plants. Rare saponins, a special type of the saponins class, are able to enhance bidirectional immune regulation and memory, and have anti-lipid oxidation, anticancer, and antifatigue capabilities, but they are infrequent in nature. Moreover, the in vivo absorption rate of saponins is exceedingly low, which restricts their functions. Under such circumstances, the biotransformation of these ingredients from normal saponins—which are not be easily adsorbed by human bodies—is preferred nowadays. This process has multiple advantages, including strong specificity, mild conditions, and fewer byproducts. In this paper, the biotransformation of natural saponins—such as ginsenoside, gypenoside, glycyrrhizin, saikosaponin, dioscin, timosaponin, astragaloside and ardipusilloside—through microorganisms (Aspergillus sp., lactic acid bacteria, bacilli, and intestinal microbes) will be reviewed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhuoyu Hu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Aoran Li
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zixuan Ying
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jingren He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Sheng Yin
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Qin D, Wang L, Han M, Wang J, Song H, Yan X, Duan X, Dong J. Effects of an Endophytic Fungus Umbelopsis dimorpha on the Secondary Metabolites of Host-Plant Kadsura angustifolia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2845. [PMID: 30524412 PMCID: PMC6262151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes live widely inside plant tissues and some have been revealed to provide benefits to their host and ecological environment. Considering the fact that endophytes are engaged in remarkably stable long-term interactions with the host for their whole life cycle, it's conceivable that both partners have substantial influence on each other's metabolic processes. Here, we investigated the fermented products of an endophytic fungus Umbelopsis dimorpha SWUKD3.1410 grown on host-plant Kadsura angustifolia and wheat bran, respectively, to assess the impact of SWUKD3.1410 on the secondary metabolites of K. angustifolia. Twenty compounds (1-20) were isolated and identified as 11 schitriterpenoids (1-9, 17-18), two lignans (10, 20), two sesquiterpenoids (11-12), one trinorsesquiterpenoid (13), one monoterpene (14), one sterol (19), and two simple aromatic compounds (15-16) by the extensive 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS data analysis. Except for nigranoic acid (1), compounds 2-19 have been firstly found from K. angustifolia. Of them, metabolites 2, 11, and 14 were identified to be new. Obtained results indicated that U. dimorpha SWUKD3.1410 could not only produce the same/similar components as its host does, and modify the host-plant components, but also enhance the production of these highly oxygenated schitriterpenoids/schinortriterpenoids in plants. This study suggested an interesting prospective for setting up alternative processing techniques to improve the quality of crude drugs derived from K. angustifolia and increase their values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meijun Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongchuan Song
- Solar Energy Research Institute, School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Upadhyay S, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production. PLANTA 2018; 248:519-544. [PMID: 29748819 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production. Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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11
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Isolation of endophytic fungi from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright and application for diosgenin production by solid-state fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5519-5532. [PMID: 29725718 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (DZW), and a novel clean process to prepare diosgenin from DZW was developed. A total of 123 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from different plant tissues of DZW. Among them, the strain Fusarium sp. (CPCC 400709) showed the best activity of hydrolyzing steroidal saponins in DZW into diosgenin. Thus, this strain was used to prepare diosgenin from DZW by solid-state fermentation. The fermentation parameters were optimized using response surface methodology, and a high yield of diosgenin (2.16%) was obtained at 14.5% ammonium sulfate, an inoculum size of 12.3%, and 22 days of fermentation. Furthermore, the highest diosgenin yield (2.79%) was obtained by co-fermentation with Fusarium sp. (CPCC 400709) and Curvularia lunata (CPCC 400737), which was 98.9% of that obtained by β-glucosidase pretreated acid hydrolysis (2.82%). This process is acid-free and wastewater-free, and shows promise as an effective and clean way to prepare diosgenin for use in industrial applications from DZW.
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12
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Shu G, Wang Z, Chen H. Screening and identification of probiotic Lactobacillus for the production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright by biotransformation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1360798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Shu
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
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13
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Li H, Wang X, Ma Y, Yang N, Zhang X, Xu Z, Shi J. Purification and characterization of a glycosidase with hydrolyzing multi-3-O-glycosides of spirostanol saponin activity from Gibberella intermedia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Hussain A, Bose S, Wang JH, Yadav MK, Mahajan GB, Kim H. Fermentation, a feasible strategy for enhancing bioactivity of herbal medicines. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Cheng Y, Hu S, Li T, Qiu Z, Zhu Y. Production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensiswith mixed culture in a new tray bioreactor. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1082897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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16
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Pandey DK, Nazir A, Dey A. Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizosphere of Dioscorea alata Stimulating Growth and Diosgenin Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Cheng Y, Dong C, Huang C, Zhu Y. Enhanced production of diosgenin fromDioscorea zingiberensisin mixed culture solid state fermentation withTrichoderma reeseiandAspergillus fumigatus. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1032352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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18
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Park H, Hwang YH, Yang HJ, Kim HK, Song KS, Ma JY. Acute toxicity and genotoxicity study of fermented traditional herb formula Guibi-tang. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:182-189. [PMID: 25218323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Guibi-tang (Guipi-tang in Chinese and Kihi-to in Japanese) is a multi-herb traditional medicine commonly prescribed to treat psychoneurosis in East Asia. Although this medicine has been widely used, there is little available information on the safety and toxicity of Guibi-tang, especially on the fermented one. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guibi-tang, composed of 12 herbs, was fermented with bacteria and lyophilized. Single dose acute toxicity in rats was observed for 14 days after administration. Genetic toxicity of fermented Guibi-tang was evaluated on bacterial reverse mutation in Salmonella and Escherichia spp., chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and micronucleus formation in mice. Ingredients in FGBT were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In acute oral toxicity study, behavior, clinical signs and body weight changes were normal observing in all experimental animals. No revertant colonies were found in any bacterial cultures examined. Morphological or numerical anomalies and significant increased number of aberrant metaphases were not observed. Micronucleus assay showed no significant increases in the frequency of inducing micronuclei in any dose examined. Decursinol, decursin, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in fermented Guibi-tang were identified and quantitated. As a whole, no acute and genotoxic effects were found in all the assays and parameters analyzed. CONCLUSION Fermented Guibi-tang was recognized as safe and non-toxic, and therefore can be used for applications of traditional medicine in modern complementary and alternative therapeutics and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayong Park
- KM-based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM-based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Yang
- KM-based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Kyu Kim
- Nutraceutical Food R&D center, Kolmar BNH, 22-15 Sandan-gil, Jeonui-myeon, Sejong 339-851, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8 Gaetbeol-ro 145beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM-based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng T, Yu L, Zhu Y, Zhao B. Evaluation of different pretreatments on microbial transformation of saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis for diosgenin production. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:740-746. [PMID: 26019558 PMCID: PMC4433906 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.943019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different pretreatments on microbial transformation of saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis (DZW), various methods have been systematically studied on a large scale. Five pretreatments, including physical separation, catalytic solvent extraction, ultrasonic fermentation, complex enzymatic hydrolyzation and enzymatic saccharification, were performed on DZW. Compared with other methods, complex enzymatic hydrolyzation significantly improved the efficiency of microbial transformation. Due to the pretreatment, a diosgenin yield of 92.6%, and diosgenin accumulation of 27.3 mg/g DZW were achieved. The high efficiency of this method was attributed to the separation of 84.3% starch and 76.5% fibre from DZW in the form of a sugar. Analysis of saponins in this microbial transformation process showed that the residual rates of the intermediate products were much lower than those obtained from other pretreatments. The results demonstrate that complex enzymatic hydrolyzation is a practical and effective pretreatment method for production of diosgenin from DZW in a microbial transformation way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , China
| | - Lidan Yu
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fibre Membrane Materials and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin , China
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20
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Ding CH, Du XW, Xu Y, Xu XM, Mou JC, Yu D, Wu JK, Meng FJ, Liu Y, Wang WL, Wang LJ. Screening for differentially expressed genes in endophytic fungus strain 39 during co-culture with herbal extract of its host Dioscorea nipponica Makino. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:517-24. [PMID: 24894904 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Strain 39 is an endophytic fungus which was isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DNM). After Strain 39 co-cultured with ethanol extract of DNM rhizomes for several days, the content of saponins in this culture mixture would be obviously increased. To analyze the mechanism of this microbial transformation, we used the differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) method to compare the transcriptomes between Strain 39 cultured in normal PD medium and in PD medium which added ethanol extract of DNM rhizomes. We amplified 29 DDRT-PCR bands using 12 primer combinations of three anchored primers and five random primers, and six bands were re-amplified. Analysis of real-time PCR and sequence alignment showed that three clones were up-regulated in sample group: squalene epoxidase, squalene synthase, and catalase, one clone was expressed only in sample group. The possible roles and origins of the above genes were discussed, and the molecular mechanism of Strain 39 biotransformation was speculated. This study is the first report of the molecular biotransformation mechanism of saponins production by endophytic fungus of DNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Ding
- Pharmacy College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China,
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Thuan NH, Sohng JK. Recent biotechnological progress in enzymatic synthesis of glycosides. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:1329-56. [PMID: 24005992 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important post-modification processes of small molecules and enables the parent molecule to have increased solubility, stability, and bioactivity. Enzyme-based glycosylation has achieved significant progress due to advances in protein engineering, DNA recombinant techniques, exploitation of biosynthetic gene clusters of natural products, and computer-based modeling programs. Our report summarizes glycosylation data that have been published within the past five years to provide an overall review of current progress. We also present the future trends and perspectives for glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, #100, Kalsan-ri, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 336-708, Republic of Korea
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Investigation on the mechanisms for biotransformation of saponins to diosgenin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:143-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Liu T, Yu H, Liu C, Bao Y, Hu X, Wang Y, Liu B, Fu Y, Tang S, Jin F. Preparation of progenin III from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino using a crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae strain. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:427-36. [PMID: 23471779 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progenin III, one of the most active spirostanol saponins, is a potential candidate for anti-cancer therapy due to its strong antitumor activity and low hemolytic activity. However, the concentration of progenin III is extremely low in natural Dioscorea plants. In this paper, the progenin III production from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino was studied using the crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae DLFCC-38. The crude enzyme converting total steroidal saponins into progenin III was obtained from the A. oryzae DLFCC-38 culture. For enzyme production, the strain was cultured for 72 h at 30 °C with shaking at 150 rpm in 5 % (w/v) malt extract medium containing 2 % (v/v) extract of D. nipponica as the enzyme inducer. The crude enzyme converted total steroidal saponins into major progenin III with a high yield when the reaction was carried out for 9 h at 50 °C and pH 5.0 with the 20 mg/ml of substrate. In the preparation of progenin III, 117 g of crude progenin III was obtained from 160 g of substrate, and the crude product was purified with silica gel column to obtain 60.3 g progenin III of 93.4 % purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingqiang Liu
- College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
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Peng Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Liu Z, Bao J, Hong Y. Pathways for the steroidal saponins conversion to diosgenin during acid hydrolysis of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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