1
|
Dixit Y, Kanojiya K, Bhingardeve N, Ahire JJ, Saroj D. In Vitro Human Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation Systems: A Panoramic Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:501-518. [PMID: 36988898 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Simulated human gastrointestinal (GI) tract systems are important for their applications in the fields of probiotics, nutrition and health. To date, various in vitro gut systems have been available to study GI tract dynamics and its association with health. In contrast to in vivo investigations, which are constrained by ethical considerations, in vitro models have several benefits despite the challenges involved in mimicking the GI environment. These in vitro models can be used for a range of research, from simple to dynamic, with one compartment to several compartments. In this review, we present a panoramic development of in vitro GI models for the first time through an evolutionary timeline. We tried to provide insight on designing an in vitro gut model, especially for novices. Latest developments and scope for improvement based on the limitations of the existing models were highlighted. In conclusion, designing an in vitro GI model suitable for a particular application is a multifaceted task. The bio-mimicking of the GI tract specific to geometrical, anatomical and mechanical features remains a challenge for the development of effective in vitro GI models. Advances in computer technology, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology are going to be revolutionary for further development. Besides this, in silico high-throughput technologies and miniaturisation are key players in the success of making in vitro modelling cost-effective and reducing the burden of in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Dixit
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, Louiswadi, Maharashtra, Thane West, India
| | - Khushboo Kanojiya
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, Louiswadi, Maharashtra, Thane West, India
| | - Namrata Bhingardeve
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, Louiswadi, Maharashtra, Thane West, India
| | - Jayesh J Ahire
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, Louiswadi, Maharashtra, Thane West, India.
| | - Dina Saroj
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, Louiswadi, Maharashtra, Thane West, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Trijp MPH, Rios-Morales M, Witteman B, Abegaz F, Gerding A, An R, Koehorst M, Evers B, van Dongen KCV, Zoetendal EG, Schols H, Afman LA, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM, Hooiveld GJ. Intraintestinal fermentation of fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides and the fate of short-chain fatty acids in humans. iScience 2024; 27:109208. [PMID: 38420581 PMCID: PMC10901090 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fructo- (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) has health benefits which have been linked in part to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production by the gut microbiota. However, detailed knowledge of this process in the human intestine is lacking. We aimed to determine the acute fermentation kinetics of a FOS:GOS mixture in healthy males using a naso-intestinal catheter for sampling directly in the ileum or colon. We studied the fate of SCFA as substrates for glucose and lipid metabolism by the host after infusion of 13C-SCFA. In the human distal ileum, no fermentation of FOS:GOS, nor SCFA production, or bacterial cross-feeding was observed. The relative composition of intestinal microbiota changed rapidly during the test day, which demonstrates the relevance of postprandial intestinal sampling to track acute responses of the microbial community toward interventions. SCFA were vividly taken up and metabolized by the host as shown by incorporation of 13C in various host metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara P H van Trijp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Witteman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
- Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ede 6716 RP, the Netherlands
| | - Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Evers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Katja C V van Dongen
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jimonet P, Druart C, Blanquet-Diot S, Boucinha L, Kourula S, Le Vacon F, Maubant S, Rabot S, Van de Wiele T, Schuren F, Thomas V, Walther B, Zimmermann M. Gut Microbiome Integration in Drug Discovery and Development of Small Molecules. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:274-287. [PMID: 38307852 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microbiomes, particularly in the gut, could have a major impact on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. However, gut microbial metabolism is often neglected in the drug discovery and development process. Medicen, a Paris-based human health innovation cluster, has gathered more than 30 international leading experts from pharma, academia, biotech, clinical research organizations, and regulatory science to develop proposals to facilitate the integration of microbiome science into drug discovery and development. Seven subteams were formed to cover the complementary expertise areas of 1) pharma experience and case studies, 2) in silico microbiome-drug interaction, 3) in vitro microbial stability screening, 4) gut fermentation models, 5) animal models, 6) microbiome integration in clinical and regulatory aspects, and 7) microbiome ecosystems and models. Each expert team produced a state-of-the-art report of their respective field highlighting existing microbiome-related tools at every stage of drug discovery and development. The most critical limitations are the growing, but still limited, drug-microbiome interaction data to produce predictive models and the lack of agreed-upon standards despite recent progress. In this paper we will report on and share proposals covering 1) how microbiome tools can support moving a compound from drug discovery to clinical proof-of-concept studies and alert early on potential undesired properties stemming from microbiome-induced drug metabolism and 2) how microbiome data can be generated and integrated in pharmacokinetic models that are predictive of the human situation. Examples of drugs metabolized by the microbiome will be discussed in detail to support recommendations from the working group. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gut microbial metabolism is often neglected in the drug discovery and development process despite growing evidence of drugs' efficacy and safety impacted by their interaction with the microbiome. This paper will detail existing microbiome-related tools covering every stage of drug discovery and development, current progress, and limitations, as well as recommendations to integrate them into the drug discovery and development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jimonet
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Céline Druart
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Lilia Boucinha
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Stephanie Kourula
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Françoise Le Vacon
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Sylvie Maubant
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Frank Schuren
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Vincent Thomas
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Bernard Walther
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vorländer D, Schultz G, Hoffmann K, Rasch D, Dohnt K. PETR: A novel peristaltic mixed tubular bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1118-1143. [PMID: 38151924 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions for in vitro cultivation of intestinal microbiota is presented. The PEristaltic mixed Tubular bioReactor (PETR) is modular designed and periodically kneaded to simulate intestinal peristalsis. The reactor is introduced, characterized from a bioprocess engineer's perspective and discussed in its ability to mimic colon conditions. PETR provides physiological temperature and appropriate anaerobic conditions, simulates intestinal peristalsis, and has a mean residence time of 32.8 ± 0.8 h comparable to the adult human colon. The single-tube design enables a time-constant and longitudinally progressive pH gradient from 5.5 to 7.0. Using a dialysis liquid containing high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, the integrated dialysis system efficiently absorbs short chain fatty acids (up to 60%) and water (on average 850 mL d-1 ). Cultivation of a typical gut bacterium (Bifidobacterium animalis) was performed to demonstrate the applicability for controlled microbiota cultivation. PETR is unique in combining simulation of the entire colon, peristaltic mixing, dialytic water and metabolite absorption, and a progressive pH gradient in a single-tube design. PETR is a further step to precise replication of colonic conditions in vitro for reliable and reproducible microbiota research, such as studying the effect of food compounds, prebiotics or probiotics, or the development and treatment of infections with enteric pathogens, but also for further medical applications such as drug delivery studies or to study the effect of drugs on and their degradation by the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Vorländer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gábor Schultz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Detlev Rasch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Dohnt
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Z, Tan D, Chen W, Hu J, Huang R, Wu X, Georgiev MI, Bai W, Tian L. Fermentation characteristics and prebiotic potential of enzymatically synthesized butyryl-fructooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121486. [PMID: 37985044 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Existing prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs), can be modified to enhance their functionality or introduce additional functionalities. This study aimed to investigate the fermentation characteristics and prebiotic potential of enzymatically synthesized butyryl-FOSs. The esters were successfully synthesized through the reaction of butyric acid and FOSs using both chemical and enzymatic methods, denoted as A-FOSs and B-FOSs, respectively, for comparative analysis. The esterification degree of each component in A-FOSs was significantly higher than that of B-FOSs. Subsequently, the obtained esters were characterized for their fermentation properties, degradation mode and potential prebiotic effects using an in vitro simulated colonic fermentation model. Enzymes of human gut microbiota were found to preferentially cleave the glycosidic bond to the unit without butyryl group and release the sugars for utilization. A significant increase in butyric acid levels was observed during fermentation after the supplementation of B-FOSs. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing, absolute quantification of microbiota, and selected probiotic strains culture showed that B-FOSs supplementation promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria while reducing harmful ones. These results suggest that B-FOSs hold promise as novel prebiotics, possessing dual functions of modulating gut microbiota and delivering butyric acid to the colon in a targeted manner, ultimately contributing to improved gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Diming Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiyang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klostermann CE, Endika MF, Kouzounis D, Buwalda PL, de Vos P, Zoetendal EG, Bitter JH, Schols HA. Presence of digestible starch impacts in vitro fermentation of resistant starch. Food Funct 2024; 15:223-235. [PMID: 38054370 PMCID: PMC10760408 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01763j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Starch is an important energy source for humans. Starch escaping digestion in the small intestine will transit to the colon to be fermented by gut microbes. Many gut microbes express α-amylases that can degrade soluble starch, but only a few are able to degrade intrinsic resistant starch (RS), which is insoluble and highly resistant to digestion (≥80% RS). We studied the in vitro fermentability of eight retrograded starches (RS-3 preparations) differing in rapidly digestible starch content (≥70%, 35-50%, ≤15%) by a pooled adult faecal inoculum and found that fermentability depends on the digestible starch fraction. Digestible starch was readily fermented yielding acetate and lactate, whereas resistant starch was fermented much slower generating acetate and butyrate. Primarily Bifidobacterium increased in relative abundance upon digestible starch fermentation, whereas resistant starch fermentation also increased relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae. The presence of small fractions of total digestible starch (±25%) within RS-3 preparations influenced the fermentation rate and microbiota composition, after which the resistant starch fraction was hardly fermented. By short-chain fatty acid quantification, we observed that six individual faecal inocula obtained from infants and adults were able to ferment digestible starch, whereas only one adult faecal inoculum was fermenting intrinsic RS-3. This suggests that, in contrast to digestible starch, intrinsic RS-3 is only fermentable when specific microbes are present. Our data illustrates that awareness is required for the presence of digestible starch during in vitro fermentation of resistant starch, since such digestible fraction might influence and overrule the evalution of the prebiotic potential of resistant starches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E Klostermann
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martha F Endika
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Kouzounis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
| | - Piet L Buwalda
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Coöperatie Koninklijke AVEBE, Veendam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klostermann CE, Endika MF, Ten Cate E, Buwalda PL, de Vos P, Bitter JH, Zoetendal EG, Schols HA. Type of intrinsic resistant starch type 3 determines in vitro fermentation by pooled adult faecal inoculum. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121187. [PMID: 37567720 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) results in relatively high health-beneficial butyrate levels upon fermentation by gut microbiota. We studied how physico-chemical characteristics of RS-3 influenced butyrate production during fermentation. Six highly resistant RS-3 substrates (intrinsic RS-3, 80-95 % RS) differing in chain length (DPn 16-76), Mw distribution (PI) and crystal type (A/B) were fermented in vitro by pooled adult faecal inoculum. All intrinsic RS-3 substrates were fermented to relatively high butyrate levels (acetate/butyrate ≤ 2.5), and especially fermentation of A-type RS-3 prepared from polydisperse α-1,4 glucans resulted in the highest relative butyrate amount produced (acetate/butyrate: 1). Analysis of the microbiota composition after fermentation revealed that intrinsic RS-3 stimulated primarily Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus, but the relative abundances of these taxa differed slightly depending on the RS-3 physico-chemical characteristics. Especially intrinsic RS-3 of narrow disperse Mw distribution stimulated relatively more Ruminococcus. Selected RS fractions (polydisperse Mw distribution) obtained after pre-digestion were fermented to acetate and butyrate (ratio ≤ 1.8) and stimulated Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium. This study indicates that especially the α-1,4 glucan Mw distribution dependent microstructure of RS-3 influences butyrate production and microbiota composition during RS-3 fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Klostermann
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M F Endika
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Ten Cate
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P L Buwalda
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands; Coöperatie Koninklijke AVEBE u.a., P.O. Box 15, 9640 AA Veendam, the Netherlands
| | - P de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Li Z, Bao Y, Cui H, Li J, Song B, Wang M, Li H, Cui X, Chen Y, Chen W, Yang S, Yang Y, Jin Z, Si X, Li B. Colon-targeted delivery of polyphenols: construction principles, targeting mechanisms and evaluation methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37823723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2266842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have received considerable attention for their promotive effects on colonic health. However, polyphenols are mostly sensitive to harsh gastrointestinal environments, thus, must be protected. It is necessary to design and develop a colon-targeted delivery system to improve the stability, colon-targeting and bioavailability of polyphenols. This paper mainly introduces research on colon-targeted controlled release of polyphenols. The physiological features affecting the dissolution, release and absorption of polyphenol-loaded delivery systems in the colon are first discussed. Simultaneously, the types of colon-targeted carriers with different release mechanisms are described, and colon-targeting assessment models that have been studied so far and their advantages and limitations are summarized. Based on the current research on polyphenols colon-targeting, outlook and reflections are proposed, with the goal of inspiring strategic development of new colon-targeted therapeutics to ensure that the polyphenols reach the colon with complete bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Baoge Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haikun Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingyue Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Faculty of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co., Ltd, Zhu-ji City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiyun Yang
- Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co., Ltd, Zhu-ji City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhufeng Jin
- Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co., Ltd, Zhu-ji City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen W, Tan D, Yang Z, Tang J, Bai W, Tian L. Fermentation patterns of prebiotics fructooligosaccharides-SCFA esters inoculated with fecal microbiota from ulcerative colitis patients. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114009. [PMID: 37652126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is believed to arise from an imbalance between the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity, leading to excessive intestinal inflammation. Modulating the gut microbial community through dietary components presents a valuable strategy in aiding the treatment of UC. In this study, esters formed by binding of well-known prebiotics, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), with short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via both enzymatic and chemical methods were evaluated for their impact on the gut microbiota of UC patients. An in vitro human colonic fermentation model was employed to monitor changes in total carbohydrates and SCFAs production during the fermentation of these esters by microbiota from patients with active and remission UC. The results showed that pronounced abundance of [Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group, Escherichia_Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Klebsiella and other potential pathogens were detected in the fecal samples from UC patients, with a milder condition observed during the remission phase. Significant higher levels of corresponding SCFA were observed in the groups with addition of FOS-SCFAs esters during fermentation. Butyrylated fructooligosaccharides (B-FOS) and propionylated fructooligosaccharides (P-FOS) by enzymatic synthesis successfully promoted the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and inhibited Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Klebsiella. Overall, B-FOS and P-FOS exhibit promising potential for restoring intestinal homeostasis and alleviating intestinal inflammation in individuals with UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diming Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Z, Huang T, Guo A, Chen W, Bai W, Wei L, Tian L. Insights into the fermentation patterns of wheat bran cell wall polysaccharides using an in-vitro batch fermentation model. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121100. [PMID: 37364962 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to study the structural characteristics and fermentation properties of wheat bran cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs). Sequential extractions of CWPs from wheat bran produced the water-extractable (WE) and alkali-extractable (AE) fractions. The extracted fractions were structurally characterized based on their molecular weight (Mw) and monosaccharide composition. Our findings revealed that the Mw and the ratio of arabinose to xylose (A/X) of AE were higher than those of WE and that the two fractions were mainly composed of arabinoxylans (AXs). The substrates were then subjected to in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota. As fermentation progressed, the total carbohydrates of WE were significantly more utilized than that of AE (p < 0.05). The AXs in WE were utilized at a higher rate than those in AE. The relative abundance of Prevotella_9, which can efficiently utilize AXs, was significantly increased in AE. The presence of AXs in AE shifted the balance away from protein fermentation and caused a delay in protein fermentation. Our study demonstrated that wheat bran CWPs can modulate the gut microbiota in a structure-dependent manner. However, future studies should further characterize the fine structure of wheat CWPs to clarify their detailed relationship with gut microbiota and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Yang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiyi Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wei
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jensen BAH, Heyndrickx M, Jonkers D, Mackie A, Millet S, Naghibi M, Pærregaard SI, Pot B, Saulnier D, Sina C, Sterkman LGW, Van den Abbeele P, Venlet NV, Zoetendal EG, Ouwehand AC. Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101190. [PMID: 37683651 PMCID: PMC10518632 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit. It is thus crucial to dissect key differences in both ecology and physiology between small and large intestine to better leverage the immense potential of human gut microbiota imprinting, including probiotic engraftment at biological sensible niches. Here, we provide a detailed review unfolding how the physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect gut microbiota composition, function, and plasticity. This information is key to understanding how gut microbiota manipulation, including probiotic administration, may strain-dependently transform host-microbe interactions at defined locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Belgium & Ghent University, Department Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, B-9090 Melle, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sam Millet
- Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Simone Isling Pærregaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult Europe BV, 1332 Almere, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein & University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Naomi Vita Venlet
- International Life Science Institute, European Branch, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen L, Wang Y, Liu J, Hong Z, Wong KH, Chiou JC, Xu B, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Bai W, Tian L. Structural characteristics and in vitro fermentation patterns of polysaccharides from Boletus mushrooms. Food Funct 2023; 14:7912-7923. [PMID: 37548291 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characteristics and in vitro fermentation patterns of polysaccharides from Boletus mushrooms. Polysaccharides were solubilized from fruit bodies of selected mushrooms Boletus auripes, B. bicolor, and B. griseus using subcritical water extraction. Boletus polysaccharides were characterized for their general physicochemical pattern, constituent monosaccharides and molecular weight. A simulated in vitro fermentation model was used to study the utilization of Boletus polysaccharides by the gut microbiota and their consequent modulation of microbial communities. Results showed that the main constituent monosaccharides of Boletus polysaccharides were glucose, galactose and mannose, followed by fucose, xylose and rhamnose, with glucose being the most abundant. The polysaccharides from B. bicolor and B. griseus exhibited a relatively high proportion of galactose and mannose, respectively. Boletus polysaccharides exhibited a wide range of molecular weights (5 kDa to 2000 kDa), which covered multiple polysaccharide populations, but the proportions of these populations varied among the samples. Boletus polysaccharides were gradually utilized by the human fecal microbiota, promoting the production of SCFAs. Boletus polysaccharides contributed to a healthier gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera such as Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium and reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacterial genera such as Sutterella and Escherichia-Shigella. B. bicolor polysaccharides showed better fermentability and prebiotic effects than the other Boletus polysaccharide groups. Therefore, the consumption of select Boletus mushrooms, particularly B. bicolor, could be a potential approach to obtain polysaccharides for microbiota modulation and to support gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Hong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Chi Chiou
- Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillán, 3800708, Chile
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seradj DS, Beeck R, Haase A, Krause J, Schick P, Weitschies W. Influence of Different Diets on the Degradation of Sulfasalazine by Colon Bacteria Determined Using MimiCol 3. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1128. [PMID: 37631043 PMCID: PMC10459966 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of the colon is characterized by its great diversity. This varies not only intra- but also interindividually and is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors, such as dietary and lifestyle factors. The aim of this work was to investigate the extent to which the degradation of the drug sulfasalazine is influenced by different microbiota. Therefore, the in vitro model MimiCol3 was used, which represents the physiological conditions of the ascending colon. In addition to a representative physiological volume, the pH value, redox potential and an anaerobic atmosphere are important to provide the bacteria with the best possible growth conditions. Stool samples were taken from three healthy subjects, comparing omnivorous, vegetarian and meat-rich diets, and cultured for 24 h. However, the nutrient medium used for cultivation led to the alignment of the bacterial composition of the microbiota. The previously observed differences between the diets could not be maintained. Nevertheless, the similar degradation of sulfasalazine was observed in all microbiota studied in MimiCol3. This makes MimiCol3 a suitable in vitro model for metabolism studies in the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.-S.S.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (J.K.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boulier A, Denis S, Henry G, Guérin S, Alric M, Meunier N, Blot A, Pereira B, Malpuech-Brugere C, Remond D, Boirie Y, Baniel A, Richard R, Dupont D, Boudry G. Casein structures differently affect postprandial amino acid delivery through their intra-gastric clotting properties. Food Chem 2023; 415:135779. [PMID: 36863238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess if casein structure affects its digestion and its subsequent amino acid delivery kinetic. Higher nitrogen levels were recovered in dialysates after in vitro digestions of sodium caseinate (SC, formed of small aggregates) compared to micellar casein (MC, native form of casein) and calcium caseinate (CC, intermediate structure). Likewise, plasma indispensable amino-acid concentration peak was higher after SC compared to MC or CC ingestion in healthy volunteers in a randomized, double blind, cross-over study. In pigs, gamma-scintigraphy using labelled meals revealed that SC was mainly localized in the proximal part of the stomach whereas MC was distributed in the whole gastric cavity. Caseins were found in both solid and liquid phases and partly hydrolyzed casein in the solid phase shortly after SC drink ingestion. These data support the concept of slow (MC) and rapid (SC) casein depending of casein structure, likely due to their intra-gastric clotting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Denis
- UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sylvie Guérin
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Monique Alric
- UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Unité d'Exploration en Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Blot
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Unité d'Exploration en Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics Unit, the Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Didier Remond
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clinical Nutrition Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ruddy Richard
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Canfora EE, Vliex LMM, Wang T, Nauta A, Bouwman FG, Holst JJ, Venema K, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. 2'-fucosyllactose alone or combined with resistant starch increases circulating short-chain fatty acids in lean men and men with prediabetes and obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1200645. [PMID: 37529001 PMCID: PMC10388544 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1200645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) to the distal colon beneficially affects human substrate and energy metabolism. Here, we hypothesized that the combination of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) with resistant starch (RS) increases distal colonic SCFA production and improves metabolic parameters. Methods In this randomized, crossover study, 10 lean (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) and nine men with prediabetes and overweight/obesity (BMI 25-35 kg/m2) were supplemented with either 2'-FL, 2'-FL+RS, or placebo one day before a clinical investigation day (CID). During the CID, blood samples were collected after a overnight fast and after intake of a liquid high-fat mixed meal to determine plasma SCFA (primary outcomes). Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial plasma insulin, glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide YY concentrations. In addition, fecal SCFA and microbiota composition, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), and breath hydrogen excretion were determined. Results In lean men, supplementation with 2'-FL increased postprandial plasma acetate (P = 0.017) and fasting H2 excretion (P = 0.041) compared to placebo. Postprandial plasma butyrate concentration increased after 2'-FL and 2'-FL+RS as compared to placebo (P < 0.05) in lean men and men with prediabetes and overweight/obesity. Additionally, 2'-FL+RS decreased fasting and postprandial plasma FFA concentrations compared to placebo (P < 0.05) in lean men. Conclusion Supplementation of 2'-FL with/without RS the day before investigation increased systemic butyrate concentrations in lean men as well as in men with prediabetes and obesity, while acetate only increased in lean men. The combination of 2'-FL with RS showed a putatively beneficial metabolic effect by lowering plasma FFA in lean men, indicating a phenotype-specific effect. Clinical trial registration nr. NCT04795804.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E. Canfora
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lars M. M. Vliex
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Taojun Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Freek G. Bouwman
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jens J. Holst
- NovoNordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen Venema
- Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Endika MF, Barnett DJM, Klostermann CE, Schols HA, Arts ICW, Penders J, Nauta A, Smidt H, Venema K. Microbiota-dependent influence of prebiotics on the resilience of infant gut microbiota to amoxicillin/clavulanate perturbation in an in vitro colon model. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131953. [PMID: 37275167 PMCID: PMC10232780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic exposure disturbs the developing infant gut microbiota. The capacity of the gut microbiota to recover from this disturbance (resilience) depends on the type of antibiotic. In this study, infant gut microbiota was exposed to a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in an in vitro colon model (TIM-2) with fecal-derived microbiota from 1-month-old (1-M; a mixed-taxa community type) as well as 3-month-old (3-M; Bifidobacterium dominated community type) breastfed infants. We investigated the effect of two common infant prebiotics, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) or galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), on the resilience of infant gut microbiota to amoxicillin/clavulanate-induced changes in microbiota composition and activity. Amoxicillin/clavulanate treatment decreased alpha diversity and induced a temporary shift of microbiota to a community dominated by enterobacteria. Moreover, antibiotic treatment increased succinate and lactate in both 1- and 3-M colon models, while decreasing the production of short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BFCA). The prebiotic effect on the microbiota recovery depended on the fermenting capacity of antibiotic-exposed microbiota. In the 1-M colon model, the supplementation of 2'-FL supported the recovery of microbiota and restored the production of propionate and butyrate. In the 3-M colon model, GOS supplementation supported the recovery of microbiota and increased the production of acetate and butyrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha F. Endika
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - David J. M. Barnett
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cynthia E. Klostermann
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ilja C. W. Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comolli J, Walsh DI, Bobrow J, Lennartz CL, Guido NJ, Thorsen T. An in vitro platform for study of the human gut microbiome under an oxygen gradient. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:14. [PMID: 37014472 PMCID: PMC10073063 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The complex, dynamic environment of the human lower gastrointestinal tract is colonized by hundreds of bacterial species that impact health and performance. Ex vivo study of the functional interactions between microbial community members in conditions representative of those in the gut is an ongoing challenge. We have developed an in vitro 40-plex platform that provides an oxygen gradient to support simultaneous maintenance of microaerobic and anaerobic microbes from the gut microbiome that can aid in rapid characterization of microbial interactions and direct comparison of individual microbiome samples. In this report, we demonstrate that the platform more closely maintained the microbial diversity and composition of human donor fecal microbiome samples than strict anaerobic conditions. The oxygen gradient established in the platform allowed the stratification and subsequent sampling of diverse microbial subpopulations that colonize microaerobic and anaerobic micro-environments. With the ability to run forty samples in parallel, the platform has the potential to be used as a rapid screening tool to understand how the gut microbiome responds to environmental perturbations such as toxic compound exposure, dietary changes, or pharmaceutical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Comolli
- Biological & Chemical Technologies Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - David I Walsh
- Biological & Chemical Technologies Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Johanna Bobrow
- Biological & Chemical Technologies Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Lennartz
- Biological & Chemical Technologies Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Guido
- Biological & Chemical Technologies Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Todd Thorsen
- Biological & Chemical Technologies Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gianetto-Hill CM, Vancuren SJ, Daisley B, Renwick S, Wilde J, Schroeter K, Daigneault MC, Allen-Vercoe E. The Robogut: A Bioreactor Model of the Human Colon for Evaluation of Gut Microbial Community Ecology and Function. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e737. [PMID: 37093893 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The human colon is inhabited by a complex community of microbes. These microbes are integral to host health and physiology. Understanding how and when the microbiome causally influences host health will require microbiome models that can be tightly controlled and manipulated. While in vivo models are unrivalled in their ability to study host-microbial interplay, in vitro models are gaining in popularity as methods to study the ecology and function of the gut microbiota, and benefit from tight controllability and reproducibility, as well as reduced ethical constraints. In this set of protocols, we describe the Robogut, a single-stage bioreactor system designed to replicate the conditions of the distal human colon, to culture whole microbial communities derived from stool and/or colonic biopsy samples, with consideration of methods to create culture medium formulations and to build, run, and sample the bioreactor apparatus. Cleaning and maintenance of the bioreactor system are also described. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Growth medium preparation Support Protocol 1: Preparing medium supplements Basic Protocol 2: Preparing the bioreactor vessels Support Protocol 2: Making acid and base bottles Support Protocol 3: Preparing the effluent bottles Support Protocol 4: Making acid solution Support Protocol 5: Making base solution Basic Protocol 3: Preparing inoculum and inoculating bioreactors Alternate Protocol 1: Preparing inoculum less than 0.5% (w/v) of vessel volume Alternate Protocol 2: Preparing synthetic community aliquots and inoculation via the septum Alternate Protocol 3: Preparing inoculum from a tissue sample Basic Protocol 4: Sampling the bioreactor vessel Basic Protocol 5: Harvesting bioreactor vessel contents at end of experiment Support Protocol 6: Cleaning and sterilizing sampling needles Basic Protocol 6: Cleaning the bioreactor vessel Support Protocol 7: Cleaning bioreactor support bottles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Vancuren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Brendan Daisley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Simone Renwick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Jacob Wilde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Kathleen Schroeter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Michelle C Daigneault
- NuBiyota, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li ZT, Wang YY, Ji HY, Jiang Y, Gao MJ, Zhan XB, Jin Z. In-vitro dynamic fermentation simulation colon reactor for gut microbiota incubation. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
20
|
Impact Assessment of vB_KpnP_K1-ULIP33 Bacteriophage on the Human Gut Microbiota Using a Dynamic In Vitro Model. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030719. [PMID: 36992428 PMCID: PMC10057081 DOI: 10.3390/v15030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New control methods are needed to counter antimicrobial resistances and the use of bacteriophages as an alternative treatment seems promising. To that end, the effect of the phage vB_KpnP_K1-ULIP33, whose host is the hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae SA12 (ST23 and capsular type K1), was assessed on intestinal microbiota, using an in vitro model: the SHIME® system (Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). After stabilization of the system, the phage was inoculated for 7 days and its persistence in the different colons was studied until its disappearance from the system. The concentration of short chain fatty acids in the colons showed good colonization of the bioreactors by the microbiota and no significant effect related to the phage treatment. Diversity (α and β), the relative abundance of bacteria, and qPCR analysis targeting different genera of interest showed no significant variation following phage administration. Even if further in vitro studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this phage against its bacterial host within the human intestinal ecosystem, the phage ULIP33 exerted no significant change on the global colonic microbiota.
Collapse
|
21
|
Katona MT, Nagy-Katona L, Szabó R, Borbás E, Tonka-Nagy P, Takács-Novák K. Multi-Compartmental Dissolution Method, an Efficient Tool for the Development of Enhanced Bioavailability Formulations Containing Poorly Soluble Acidic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030753. [PMID: 36986614 PMCID: PMC10051608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS), a multi-compartmental dissolution model, to predict the in vivo performance of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class IIa compounds. As the bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs requires a thorough understanding of the desired formulation, the appropriate in vitro modelling of the absorption mechanism is essential. Four immediate release ibuprofen 200 mg formulations were tested in the GIS using fasted biorelevant media. In addition to the free acid form, ibuprofen was present as sodium and lysine salts in tablets and as a solution in soft-gelatin capsules. In the case of rapid-dissolving formulations, the dissolution results indicated supersaturation in the gastric compartment, which affected the resulting concentrations in the duodenum and the jejunum as well. In addition, a Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) model was established using published in vivo data, and then the plasma concentration profiles of each formulation were simulated. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with the statistical output of the published clinical study. In conclusion, the GIS method was found to be superior compared to the traditional USP method. In the future, the method can be useful for formulation technologists to find the optimal technique to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble acidic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Tamás Katona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lili Nagy-Katona
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rakpart, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Szabó
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rakpart, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tonka-Nagy
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu C, Gan RY, Chen D, Zheng L, Ng SB, Rietjens IMCM. Gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of green tea catechins and the biological consequences: An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2180478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cortez BRDS, Guedes RMC. A review on the evolution of methods for intestinal in vitro organ culture and its application in veterinary science. Vet World 2023; 16:347-356. [PMID: 37042004 PMCID: PMC10082705 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.347-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Different techniques have been reported in studies of intestinal in vitro organ culture (IVOC). A robust compilation of all available methods is lacking in the literature, making it difficult to choose a method that corresponds to the study's demands. In this review, readers can assess the most available methods, allowing them to evaluate which is more suitable for their purposes and requirements. A simplified view of culturing intestinal explants is presented, highlighting the approachability of IVOC. Relevant findings from diverse veterinarian studies, where explants played a major role, as well as the technique used in each, are described to illustrate its applications. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the innovative intestinal IVOC methods are discussed. This review provides a collection of methods for intestinal explant culture and their possible applications in veterinary research. In this way, it aims to broaden access to IVOC techniques and aid decision-making regarding the best suited for a study's purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ribeiro de Souza Cortez
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Isenring J, Bircher L, Geirnaert A, Lacroix C. In vitro human gut microbiota fermentation models: opportunities, challenges, and pitfalls. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:2. [PMID: 38045607 PMCID: PMC10688811 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (HGM) plays a pivotal role in health and disease. Consequently, nutritional and medical research focusing on HGM modulation strategies as a means of improving host health is steadily increasing. In vitro HGM fermentation models offer a valid complement to human and animal studies when it comes to the mechanistic exploration of novel modulation approaches and their direct effects on HGM composition and activity, while excluding interfering host effects. However, in vitro cultivation of HGM can be challenging due to its high oxygen sensitivity and the difficulties of accurately modeling the physio-chemical complexity of the gut environment. Despite the increased use of in vitro HGM models, there is no consensus about appropriate model selection and operation, sometimes leading to major deficiencies in study design and result interpretation. In this review paper, we aim to analyze crucial aspects of the application, setup and operation, data validation and result interpretation of in vitro HGM models. When carefully designed and implemented, in vitro HGM modeling is a powerful strategy for isolating and investigating biotic and abiotic factors in the HGM, as well as evaluating their effects in a controlled environment akin to the gut. Furthermore, complementary approaches combining different in vitro and in vivo models can strengthen the design and interpretation of human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duque-Soto C, Quintriqueo-Cid A, Rueda-Robles A, Robert P, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J. Evaluation of Different Advanced Approaches to Simulation of Dynamic In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenols from Different Food Matrices-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:101. [PMID: 36670962 PMCID: PMC9854833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have become interesting bioactive antioxidant compounds with implications for obesity, cancer and inflammatory gastrointestinal pathologies. As the influence of digestion and gut microbiota on antioxidant behavior is yet to be completely elucidated, and due to limitations associated to in vivo studies, dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models have been promoted. A systematic review was conducted of different databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) following PRISMA guidelines to assess different dynamic digestion models and assay protocols used for phenolic compound research regarding bioaccesibility and interaction with colonic microbiota. Of 284 records identified, those including dynamic multicompartmental digestion models for the study of phenolic compound bioaccesibility, bioactivity and the effects of microbiota were included, with 57 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Different conditions and experimental configurations as well as administered doses, sample treatments and microbiological assays of dynamic digestion studies on polyphenols were recorded and compared to establish their relevance for the dynamic in vitro digestion of phenolic compounds. While similarities were observed in certain experimental areas, a high variability was found in others, such as administered doses. A description of considerations on the study of the digestion of phenolic compounds is proposed to enhance comparability in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandra Quintriqueo-Cid
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paz Robert
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Study on the effect of wall structures and peristalsis of bionic reactor on mixing. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
27
|
Kessler C, Hou J, Neo O, Buckner MMC. In situ, in vivo, and in vitro approaches for studying AMR plasmid conjugation in the gut microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 47:6807411. [PMID: 36341518 PMCID: PMC9841969 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, with evolution and spread of resistance to frontline antibiotics outpacing the development of novel treatments. The spread of AMR is perpetuated by transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between bacteria, notably those encoded by conjugative plasmids. The human gut microbiome is a known 'melting pot' for plasmid conjugation, with ARG transfer in this environment widely documented. There is a need to better understand the factors affecting the incidence of these transfer events, and to investigate methods of potentially counteracting the spread of ARGs. This review describes the use and potential of three approaches to studying conjugation in the human gut: observation of in situ events in hospitalized patients, modelling of the microbiome in vivo predominantly in rodent models, and the use of in vitro models of various complexities. Each has brought unique insights to our understanding of conjugation in the gut. The use and development of these systems, and combinations thereof, will be pivotal in better understanding the significance, prevalence, and manipulability of horizontal gene transfer in the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kessler
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jingping Hou
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Onalenna Neo
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental Sciences Biosciences Building University Road West University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle M C Buckner
- Corresponding author: Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)121 415 8758; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wiese M, Schuren FHJ, Smits WK, Kuijper EJ, Ouwens A, Heerikhuisen M, Vigsnaes L, van den Broek TJ, de Boer P, Montijn RC, van der Vossen JMBM. 2'-Fucosyllactose inhibits proliferation of Clostridioides difficile ATCC 43599 in the CDi-screen, an in vitro model simulating Clostridioides difficile infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991150. [PMID: 36389156 PMCID: PMC9650113 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that can produce the toxins TcdA and/or TcdB and is considered an opportunistic pathogen. C. difficile is mainly transmitted as endospores, which germinate to produce the pathogenic vegetative cells under suitable conditions in the gut. To efficiently screen novel therapeutic- interventions against the proliferation of C. difficile within a complex microbial community, platforms are needed that facilitate parallel experimentation. In order to allow for screening of novel interventions a medium-to-high throughput in vitro system is desirable. To this end, we have developed the 96-well CDi-screen platform that employs an adapted simulated ileal effluent medium (CDi-SIEM) and allows for culturing of pathogenic C. difficile. METHODS C. difficile strain ATCC 43599 was inoculated in the form of vegetative cells and spores into the CDi-screen in the presence and absence of a cultured fecal microbiota and incubated for 48h. To demonstrate its utility, we investigated the effect of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) at 4 and 8 mg/mL on C. difficile outgrowth and toxin production in the CDi-screen. The test conditions were sampled after 24 and 48 hours. C. difficile -specific primers were used to monitor C. difficile growth via qPCR and barcoded 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing facilitated the in-depth analysis of gut microbial community dynamics. RESULTS C. difficile ATCC 43599 proliferated in CDi-SIEM, both when inoculated as spores and as vegetative cells. The strain reached cell numbers expressed as C. difficile genome equivalents of up to 10 8 cells per mL after 24h of incubation. 2'-FL significantly inhibited the outgrowth of the ATTC 43599 strain within a complex human gut microbial community in the CDi-screen. In addition, a dose-dependent modulation of the gut microbial community composition by 2'-FL supplementation was detected, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of the genus Blautia in the presence of 2'-FL. CONCLUSION The CDi-screen is suitable for studying C. difficile proliferation in a complex gut ecosystem and for screening for anti-pathogenic interventions that target C. difficile directly and/or indirectly through interactions with the gut microbiota. Different doses of compounds such as in this study the dose of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-FL can be screened for efficacy in the inhibition of C. difficile proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wiese
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank H. J. Schuren
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wiep Klaas Smits
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ed J. Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita Ouwens
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Margreet Heerikhuisen
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Louise Vigsnaes
- Glycom A/S—DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kogle Allé 4, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim J. van den Broek
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paulo de Boer
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roy C. Montijn
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jos M. B. M. van der Vossen
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li C, Zhang X. Current in Vitro and Animal Models for Understanding Foods: Human Gut-Microbiota Interactions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12733-12745. [PMID: 36166347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The food-gut microbiota interaction is an important regulator of human health. Numerous in vitro and animal models have thus been developed in order to simulate the specific food-gut microbiota and/or host-gut microbiota interactions in the human colon. This review summarizes the design principles of each model and discusses their advantages and weaknesses in terms of studying food-gut microbiota interactions. In vitro fermentation models appear to be reliable methods to investigate various aspects involved in the food-gut microbiota interactions in humans. However, many physiological perspectives lack appreciation of these models, such as peristaltic movement, biochemical conditions, and gastrointestinal anatomy. Animal models provide more physiological relevance to human trials compared to in vitro models. However, they may have gastrointestinal tract aspects that are distinct from human subjects. This review contains important information that can help the development of more advanced models to study food-gut microbiota interactions in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
An in vitro fermentation model to study the impact of bacteriophages targeting Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli on the colonic microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:74. [PMID: 36163472 PMCID: PMC9512901 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are considered safe for human consumption as biocontrol agents against foodborne pathogens, in particular in ready-to-eat foodstuffs. Phages could, however, evolve to infect different hosts when passing through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This underlines the importance of understanding the impact of phages towards colonic microbiota, particularly towards bacterial families usually found in the colon such as the Enterobacteriaceae. Here we propose in vitro batch fermentation as model for initial safety screening of lytic phages targeting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). As inoculum we used faecal material of three healthy donors. To assess phage safety, we monitored fermentation parameters, including short chain fatty acid production and gas production/intake by colonic microbiota. We performed shotgun metagenomic analysis to evaluate the outcome of phage interference with colonic microbiota composition and functional potential. During the 24 h incubation, concentrations of phage and its host were also evaluated. We found the phage used in this study, named E. coli phage vB_EcoS_Ace (Ace), to be safe towards human colonic microbiota, independently of the donors’ faecal content used. This suggests that individuality of donor faecal microbiota did not interfere with phage effect on the fermentations. However, the model revealed that the attenuated STEC strain used as phage host perturbed the faecal microbiota as based on metagenomic analysis, with potential differences in metabolic output. We conclude that the in vitro batch fermentation model used in this study is a reliable safety screening for lytic phages intended to be used as biocontrol agents.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sanabria J, Egan S, Masuda R, Lee AJ, Gibson GR, Nicholson JK, Wist J, Holmes E. Overview of the Nomenclature and Network of Contributors to the Development of Bioreactors for Human Gut Simulation Using Bibliometric Tools: A Fragmented Landscape. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11458-11467. [PMID: 36095091 PMCID: PMC9501909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of complex in vitro models of the human gastrointestinal system to interrogate the biochemical functionality of the gut microbiome has augmented our understanding of its role in human physiology and pathology. With 5718 authors from 52 countries, gut bioreactor research reflects the growing awareness of our need to understand the contribution of the gut microbiome to human health. Although a large body of knowledge has been generated from in vitro models, it is scattered and defined by application-specific terminologies. To better grasp the capacity of bioreactors and further our knowledge of the human gastrointestinal system, we have conducted a cross-field bibliometric search and mapped the evolution of human gastrointestinal in vitro research. We present reference material with the aim of identifying key authors and bioreactor types to enable researchers to make decisions regarding the choice of method for simulating the human gut in the context of microbiome functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Sanabria
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle-Sede Meléndez, Cali 76001, Colombia
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Siobhon Egan
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Alex J Lee
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Singh V, Son H, Lee G, Lee S, Unno T, Shin JH. Role, Relevance, and Possibilities of In vitro fermentation models in human dietary, and gut-microbial studies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3044-3061. [PMID: 35941765 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary studies play a crucial role in determining the health-benefiting effects of most food substances, including prebiotics, probiotics, functional foods, and bioactive compounds. Such studies involve gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of dietary substances. In colonic fermentation, any digested food is further metabolized in the gut by the residing colonic microbiota, causing a shift in the gut microenvironment and production of various metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). These diet-induced shifts in the microbial community and metabolite production, which can be assessed through in vitro fermentation models using a donor's fecal microbiota, are well known to impact the health of the host. Although in vivo or animal experiments are the gold standard in dietary studies, recent advancements using different in vitro systems, like artificial colon (ARCOL), mini bioreactor array (MBRA), TNO in vitro model of the colon (TIM), Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME), M-SHIME, CoMiniGut, and Dynamic Gastrointestinal Simulator (SIMGI) make it easy to study the dietary impact in terms of the gut microbiota and metabolites. Such a continuous in vitro system can have multiple compartments corresponding to different parts of the colon, i.e., proximal, transverse, and distal colon, making the findings physiologically more significant. Further, post-fermentation samples can be analyzed using metagenomic, metabolomic, qPCR and flow cytometry approaches. Moreover, studies have shown that in vitro results are in accordance with the in vivo findings, supporting their relevance in dietary studies and giving confidence that shifts in metabolites are only due to microbes. This review meticulously describes the recent advancements in various fermentation models and their relevance in dietary studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - HyunWoo Son
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - GyuDae Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology,, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Department of Biotechnology,, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jin Z, Ng A, Maurice CF, Juncker D. The Mini Colon Model: a benchtop multi-bioreactor system to investigate the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2096993. [PMID: 35844189 PMCID: PMC9291644 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2096993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro fermentation systems allow for the investigation of gut microbial communities with precise control of various physiological parameters while decoupling confounding factors from the human host. Current systems, such as the SHIME and Robogut, are large in footprint, lack multiplexing, and have low experimental throughput. Alternatives which address these shortcomings, such as the Mini Bioreactor Array system, are often reliant on expensive specialized equipment, which hinders wide replication across labs. Here, we present the Mini Colon Model (MiCoMo), a low-cost, benchtop multi-bioreactor system that simulates the human colon environment with physiologically relevant conditions. The device consists of triplicate bioreactors working independently of an anaerobic chamber and equipped with automated pH, temperature, and fluidic control. We conducted 14-d experiments and found that MiCoMo was able to support a stable complex microbiota community with a Shannon Index of 3.17 ± 0.65, from individual fecal samples after only 3-5 d of inoculation. MiCoMo also retained inter-sample microbial differences by developing closely related communities unique to each donor, while maintaining both minimal variations between replicate reactors (average Bray-Curtis similarity 0.72 ± 0.13) andday-to-day variations (average Bray-Curtis similarity 0.81±0.10) after this short stabilization period. Together, these results establish MiCoMo as an accessible system for studying gut microbial communities with high throughput and multiplexing capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecCanada,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andy Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecCanada,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Corinne F. Maurice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QCCanada,CONTACT Corinne F. Maurice Life Sciences Complex Room 332, Bellini Building 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecCanada,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,David JunckerMcgill Genome Center, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Room 6500Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu Y, Liu C, Liu J, Zhuang J, Sun C. Commentary: The Modulation of Chaihu Shugan Formula on Microbiota Composition in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem Technology Platform and Its Influence on Gut Barrier and Intestinal Immunity in Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Cell Co-Culture Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904890. [PMID: 35721147 PMCID: PMC9198566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingyang Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rastall RA, Diez-Municio M, Forssten SD, Hamaker B, Meynier A, Moreno FJ, Respondek F, Stah B, Venema K, Wiese M. Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:95-168. [PMID: 35729770 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Diez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S D Forssten
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - B Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
| | - A Meynier
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez France R&D SAS, 6 rue René Razel, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Respondek
- Tereos, Zoning Industriel Portuaire, 67390 Marckolsheim, France
| | - B Stah
- Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - M Wiese
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu J, Chen J, Wang S, Xie J, Wang Y, Chai TT, Ong MK, Wu J, Tian L, Bai W. Effects of Monascus application on in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of fish protein. Food Chem 2022; 377:132000. [PMID: 34999460 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.132000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the digestion and fermentation properties of fish protein fermented by Monascus. Semi-dried fish was fermented by applying Monascus purpureus Went M 3.439. Our results show that the Monascus fermentation of the fish protein enriched the free amino acids and achieved a relatively higher glutamate content than the control group. The Monascus treatment promoted the decomposition of the fish protein during in vitro digestion, reduced the ammonia and indole content and tended to increase the propionic acid content during in vitro fermentation. The Monascus treatment considerably changed the gut microbiota composition, and particularly increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides in the in vitro fermentation model of human distal colon. Consumption of Monascus fermented fish protein could result in positive changes in fermentation metabolites and gut microbiota, which brings potential health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan University, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mei Kying Ong
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan University, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
An Advanced Bioreactor Simulating Dynamic Physiological Conditions in the Human Ascending Colon: MimiCol3. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051049. [PMID: 35631635 PMCID: PMC9146976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the colon has become a hot topic in biopharmaceutical research as several in vitro models of the human colon have been presented. A major focus is on the characterization of the microbiota and its capabilities. The aim of the present study was to further develop the MimiCol, preserving its properties and accelerating data acquisition. Emphasis was placed on the simplicity of its design and easy scalability. To prove the viability of the concept, degradation of sulfasalazine was investigated, and the bacterial composition during the experiment was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The transfer of the experimental conditions to the new model was successful. Commercially available components were implemented in the setup. The model MimiCol3 represented the colon ascendens satisfactorily in its properties regarding volume, pH value, and redox potential. 16S rRNA sequencing led to further insights into the bacterial composition in the vessels. Degradation of sulfasalazine was in good agreement with in vivo data. The new model of the colon ascendens MimiCol3 enabled us to collect more reliable data, as three experiments were conducted simultaneously under the same conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kornbausch N, Debong MW, Buettner A, Heydel JM, Loos H. Odorant Metabolism in Humans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202866. [PMID: 35522818 PMCID: PMC9541901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Odorants are relatively small molecules which are easily taken up and distributed in the human body. Despite their relevance in everyday life, however, only a limited amount of evidence about their metabolism, pathways, and bioactivities in the human body exists. With this Review, we aim to encourage future interdisciplinary research on the function and mechanisms of the biotransformation of odorants, involving different disciplines such as nutrition, medicine, biochemistry, chemistry, and sensory sciences. Starting with a general overview of the different ways of odorant uptake and enzymes involved in the metabolism of odorants, a more precise description of biotransformation processes and their function in the oral cavity, the nose, the lower respiratory tract (LRT), and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is given together with an overview of the different routes of odorant excretion. Finally, perspectives for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kornbausch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Marcel W Debong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation: Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Flavour perception: from molecule to behavior, FRANCE
| | - Helene Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kornbausch N, Debong MW, Buettner A, Heydel JM, Loos H. Odorant Metabolism in Humans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kornbausch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Marcel W. Debong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation: Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation Flavour perception: from molecule to behavior FRANCE
| | - Helene Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy Henkestr. 9 91054 Erlangen GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A Review of In Vitro Methods for Measuring the Glycemic Index of Single Foods: Understanding the Interaction of Mass Transfer and Reaction Engineering by Dimensional Analysis. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glycemic Index (GI) has been described by an official method ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 26642:2010 for labeling purposes. The development of in vitro methods for GI measurement has faced significant challenges. Mass transfer and reaction engineering theory may assist in providing a quantitative understanding of in vitro starch digestion and glycemic response from an engineering point of view. We suggest that in vitro GI measurements should consider the mouth and the stomach in terms of fluid mechanics, mass transfer, length scale changes, and food-solvent reactions, and might consider a significant role for the intestine as an absorption system for the glucose that is generated before the intestine. Applying mass transfer and reaction engineering theory may be useful to understand quantitative studies of in vitro GI measurements. The relative importance of reactions and mass-transfer has been estimated from literature measurements through estimating the Damköhler numbers (Da), and the values estimated of this dimensionless group (0.04–2.9) suggest that both mass transfer and chemical reaction are important aspects to consider.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ai J, Yang Z, Liu J, Schols HA, Battino M, Bao B, Tian L, Bai W. Structural Characterization and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Enzymatically Extracted Black Mulberry Polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3654-3665. [PMID: 35311256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically investigated the structural characterization and in vitro fermentation patterns of crude black mulberry fruit polysaccharides (BMPs), either extracted by water (BMP) or by enzymatic treatment. Different enzymatic treatments were pectinase-extracted (PE)-BMP, pectin lyase-extracted (PL)-BMP, cellulase-extracted (CE)-BMP, and compound enzymes-extracted (M)-BMP (pectinase:pectin lyase:cellulase = 1:1:1). Our results show that enzymatic treatment improved the polysaccharide yield and led to a different chemical composition and structure for the polysaccharides. Change dynamics during the in vitro fermentation indicated that BMPs could indeed be degraded and consumed by human fecal microbiota and that different BMPs showed different degrees of fermentability. In addition, BMPs stimulated the growth of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, inhibited the growth of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria (except for CE-BMP), and induced the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, we found that BMP and PL-BMP exhibited better fermentability and prebiotic potential than the other polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Canfora EE, Hermes GD, Müller M, Bastings J, Vaughan EE, van Den Berg MA, Holst JJ, Venema K, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. Fiber mixture-specific effect on distal colonic fermentation and metabolic health in lean but not in prediabetic men. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2009297. [PMID: 34923911 PMCID: PMC8726743 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2009297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusions of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate in the distal colon improved metabolic parameters in men. Here, we hypothesized that combining rapidly and slowly fermentable fibers will enhance distal colonic acetate production and improve metabolic health. In vitro cultivation studies in a validated model of the colon were used to identify fiber mixtures that yielded high distal colonic acetate production. Subsequently, in two randomized crossover studies, lean and prediabetic overweight/obese men were included. In one study, participants received supplements of either long-chain inulin+resistant starch (INU+RS), INU or maltodextrin (PLA) the day prior to a clinical investigation day (CID). The second trial studied beta glucan+RS (BG+RS) versus BG and PLA. During each CID, breath hydrogen, indirect calorimetry, plasma metabolites/hormones were assessed during fasting and postprandial conditions. Additionally, fecal microbiota composition and SCFA were determined. In prediabetic men, INU+RS increased plasma acetate compared to INU or PLA (P < .05), but did not affect metabolic parameters. In lean men, INU+RS increased breath hydrogen and fasting plasma butyrate, which was accompanied by increased energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation and PYY and decreased postprandial glucose concentrations (all P < .05) compared to PLA. BG+RS increased plasma butyrate compared to PLA (P < .05) in prediabetic individuals, but did not affect other fermentation/metabolic markers in both phenotypes. Fiber-induced shifts in fecal microbiota were individual-specific and more pronounced with INU+RS versus BG+RS. Administration of INU+RS (not BG+RS) the day prior to investigation improved metabolic parameters in lean but not in prediabetic individuals, demonstrating that effects were phenotype- and fiber-specific. Further research should study whether longer-term supplementation periods are required to elicit beneficial metabolic health in prediabetic individuals. Trial registration numbers: Clinical trial No. NCT03711383 (Inulin study) and Clinical trial No. NCT03714646 (Beta glucan study).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E. Canfora
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,CONTACT Emanuel E. Canfora Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht6200, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben D.A. Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University&Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattea Müller
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Bastings
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jens J. Holst
- NovoNordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen Venema
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University&Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aranda-Díaz A, Ng KM, Thomsen T, Real-Ramírez I, Dahan D, Dittmar S, Gonzalez CG, Chavez T, Vasquez KS, Nguyen TH, Yu FB, Higginbottom SK, Neff NF, Elias JE, Sonnenburg JL, Huang KC. Establishment and characterization of stable, diverse, fecal-derived in vitro microbial communities that model the intestinal microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:260-272.e5. [PMID: 35051349 PMCID: PMC9082339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to probe the role of the gut microbiota in disease would benefit from a system in which patient-derived bacterial communities can be studied at scale. We addressed this by validating a strategy to propagate phylogenetically complex, diverse, stable, and highly reproducible stool-derived communities in vitro. We generated hundreds of in vitro communities cultured from diverse stool samples in various media; certain media generally preserved inoculum composition, and inocula from different subjects yielded source-specific community compositions. Upon colonization of germ-free mice, community composition was maintained, and the host proteome resembled the host from which the community was derived. Treatment with ciprofloxacin in vivo increased susceptibility to Salmonella invasion in vitro, and the in vitro response to ciprofloxacin was predictive of compositional changes observed in vivo, including the resilience and sensitivity of each Bacteroides species. These findings demonstrate that stool-derived in vitro communities can serve as a powerful system for microbiota research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aranda-Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Tani Thomsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Dylan Dahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susannah Dittmar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carlos Gutierrez Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taylor Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kimberly S Vasquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taylor H Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Steven K Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norma F Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Evaluating the IVIVC by Combining Tiny-TIM Outputs and Compartmental PK Model to Predict Oral Exposure for Different Formulations of Ibuprofen. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2018-2029. [PMID: 35120962 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the ever-increasing costs of research and development in the pharmaceutical industry have created a big demand for predicting the performances of drug candidates. Of those, the desire to establish an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) to better predict the oral drug exposure for different drug products is a growing need. Once a robust IVIVC is established, the performance of different drug products can be predicted and selected for testing in clinical trials with greater confidence. This tool will significantly reduce the cost and speed of drug development and provide new therapy to the patient faster. In this study, we explore combining the outputs of Triskelion's Gastro-Intestinal Model (Tiny-TIM) and multi-compartment pharmacokinetic model for a 200 mg ibuprofen product. The Loo-Riegelman method was used to calculate the amount of ibuprofen absorbed and was combined with the Tiny-TIM data to establish the IVIVC. The IVIVC was used to predict the exposures of both fast release and liquid gel formulations in humans. In general, the predicted exposure using Tiny-TIM-based IVIVC has good agreement with the clinical findings.
Collapse
|
45
|
García MA, Varum F, Al-Gousous J, Hofmann M, Page S, Langguth P. In Vitro Methodologies for Evaluating Colon-Targeted Pharmaceutical Products and Industry Perspectives for Their Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020291. [PMID: 35214024 PMCID: PMC8876830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several locally acting colon-targeted products to treat colonic diseases have been recently developed and marketed, taking advantage of gastrointestinal physiology to target delivery. Main mechanisms involve pH-dependent, time-controlled and/or enzymatic-triggered release. With site of action located before systemic circulation and troublesome colonic sampling, there is room for the introduction of meaningful in vitro methods for development, quality control (QC) and regulatory applications of these formulations. A one-size-fits-all method seems unrealistic, as the selection of experimental conditions should resemble the physiological features exploited to trigger the release. This article reviews the state of the art for bio-predictive dissolution testing of colon-targeted products. Compendial methods overlook physiological aspects, such as buffer molarity and fluid composition. These are critical for pH-dependent products and time-controlled systems containing ionizable drugs. Moreover, meaningful methods for enzymatic-triggered products including either bacteria or enzymes are completely ignored by pharmacopeias. Bio-predictive testing may accelerate the development of successful products, although this may require complex methodologies. However, for high-throughput routine testing (e.g., QC), simplified methods can be used where balance is struck between simplicity, robustness and transferability on one side and bio-predictivity on the other. Ultimately, bio-predictive methods can occupy a special niche in terms of supplementing plasma concentration data for regulatory approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. García
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Felipe Varum
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hernalsteens S, Huang S, Cong HH, Chen XD. The final fate of food: On the establishment of in vitro colon models. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110743. [PMID: 34865762 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for life/health quality has driven the search for a better understanding of food components on the overall individual health, which turns to be intrinsically related to the digestive system. In vitro digestion models are considered an alternative for the in vivo studies for a variety of practical reasons, but further research is still needed concerning the colon model establishment. An effective in vitro colon model should consider all unit operations and transport phenomena, together with chemical and biochemical reactions, material handling and reactor design. Due to the different techniques and dependence on the donor microbiota, it is difficult to obtain a standard protocol with results reproductible in time and space. Furthermore, the colon model should be fed with a representative substrate, thus what happens in upper digestion tract and absorption prior to colon is also of crucial importance. Essentially, there are two ways to think about how to achieve a good and useful in vitro colon model: a complex biomimetic system that provides results comparable with the in vivo studies or a simple system, that despite the fact it could not give physiologically relevant data, it is sufficient to understand the fate of some specific components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saartje Hernalsteens
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science - Soochow University, China.
| | | | - Hai Hua Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering - Dalian Ocean University, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science - Soochow University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang R, Mohammadi M, Mahboubi A, Taherzadeh MJ. In-vitro digestion models: a critical review for human and fish and a protocol for in-vitro digestion in fish. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3040-3064. [PMID: 34187302 PMCID: PMC8806420 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1940769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive systems in human, animals, and fish are biological reactors and membranes to digest food and extract nutrients. Therefore, static and dynamic models of in-vitro digestion systems are developed to study e.g. novel food and feed before in-vivo studies. Such models are well developed for human, but not to the same extent for animals and fish. On the other hand, recent advances in aquaculture nutrition have created several potential fish meal replacements, and the assessment of their nutrient digestibility is critical in the application as a fish meal replacement. Using an in-vitro method, the assessment of an ingredient digestibility could be faster and less expensive compared to using an in-vivo experiment. An in-vitro method has been widely used to assess food nutrient digestibility for humans; however, its application for fish is still in the early stages. Both the human and fish as monogastric vertebrates share similar gastrointestinal systems; thus, the concept from the application for humans could be applied for fish. This review aims to improve the in-vitro digestion protocol for fish by adapting the concept from then study for humans, summarizing the current available in-vitro digestion model developed for human and fish in-vitro digestion study, identifying challenges specifically for fish required to be tackled and suggesting an engineering approach to adapt the human in-vitro gastrointestinal model to fish. Protocols to conduct in-vitro digestion study for fish are then proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Wang
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås. Sweden
| | - Mahtab Mohammadi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås. Sweden
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås. Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Verhoeven J, Keller D, Verbruggen S, Abboud KY, Venema K. A blend of 3 mushrooms dose-dependently increases butyrate production by the gut microbiota. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:601-612. [PMID: 34590532 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been indicated to play a crucial role in health and disease. Apart from changes in composition between healthy individuals and those with a disease or disorder, it has become clear that also microbial activity is important for health. For instance, butyrate has been proven to be beneficial for health, because, amongst others, it is a substrate for the colonocytes, and modulates the host's immune system and metabolism. Here, we studied the effect of a blend of three mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum GL AM P-38, Grifola frondosa GF AM P36 and Pleurotus ostreatus PO AM-GP37)) on gut microbiota composition and activity in a validated, dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). Predigested mushroom blend at three doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/day of ingested mushroom blend) was fed to a pooled microbiota of healthy adults for 72 h, and samples were taken every day for microbiota composition (sequencing of amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) and activity (short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production). The butyrate producing genera Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214-group are all dose-dependently increased when the mushroom blend was fed. Entirely in line with the increase of these butyrate-producers, the cumulative amount of butyrate also dose-dependently increased, to roughly twice the amount compared to the control (medium without mushroom blend) on the high-dose mushroom blend. Butyrate proportionally made up 53.1% of the total SCFA upon feeding the high-dose mushroom blend, compared to 27% on the control medium. In conclusion, the (polysaccharides in the) mushroom blend led to substantial increase in butyrate by the gut microbiota. These results warrant future mechanistic research on the mushroom blend, as butyrate is considered to be one of the microbial metabolites that contributes to health, by increasing barrier function and modulating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - D Keller
- Keller Consulting Group, 2417 Beachwood Blvd., Beachwood, OH 44122, USA
| | - S Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - K Youssef Abboud
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sost MM, Ahles S, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Stevens Y, Venema K. A Citrus Fruit Extract High in Polyphenols Beneficially Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Human Volunteers in a Validated In Vitro Model of the Colon. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113915. [PMID: 34836169 PMCID: PMC8619629 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a Citrus Fruit Extract high in the polyphenols hesperidin and naringin (CFE) on modulation of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). CFE was provided at two doses (250 and 350 mg/day) for 3 days. CFE led to a dose-dependent increase in Roseburia, Eubacterium ramulus, and Bacteroides eggerthii. There was a shift in production of short-chain fatty acids, where acetate production increased on CFE, while butyrate decreased. In overweight and obesity, acetate has been shown to increase fat oxidation when produced in the distal gut, and stimulate secretion of appetite-suppressive neuropeptides. Thus, the data in the in vitro model point towards mechanisms underlying the effects of the polyphenols in CFE with respect to modulation of the gut microbiota, both in composition and activity. These results should be confirmed in a clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Sanne Ahles
- BioActor B.V., 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Sanne Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor B.V., 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-622-435-111
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Oost MJ, Velkers FC, Kraneveld AD, Venema K. Development of the in vitro Cecal Chicken ALIMEntary tRact mOdel-2 to Study Microbiota Composition and Function. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726447. [PMID: 34707583 PMCID: PMC8542841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive system of the chicken plays an important role in metabolism, immunity, and chicken health and production performance. The chicken ceca harbor a diverse microbial community and play a crucial role in the microbial fermentation and production of energy-rich short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). For humans, dogs, and piglets in vitro digestive system models have been developed and are used to study the microbiota composition and metabolism after intervention studies. For chickens, most research on the cecal microbiota has been performed in in vivo experiments or in static in vitro models that may not accurately resemble the in vivo situations. This paper introduces an optimized digestive system model that simulates the conditions in the ceca of the chicken, i.e., the Chicken ALIMEntary tRact mOdel-2 (CALIMERO-2). The system is based on the well-validated TNO in vitro model of the colon-2 (TIM-2) and is the first dynamic in vitro digestion model for chickens species. To validate this model, the pH, temperature, and different types of microbial feeding were compared and analyzed, to best mimic the conditions in the chicken ceca. The bacterial composition, as well as the metabolite production at 72 h, showed no significant difference between the different microbial feedings. Moreover, we compared the CALIMERO-2 digestive samples to the original inoculum and found some significant shifts in bacterial composition after the fermentation started. Over time the bacterial diversity increased and became more similar to the original inoculum. We can conclude that CALIMERO-2 is reproducible and can be used as a digestive system model for the chicken ceca, in which the microbial composition and activity can be maintained and shows similar results to the in vivo cecum. CALIMERO-2 can be used to study effects on composition and activity of the chicken cecum microbiota in response to in-feed interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J Oost
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands.,Division Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francisca C Velkers
- Division Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Venlo, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|