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Tzakri T, Rehenbrock L, Senekowitsch S, Rump A, Schick P, Krause J, Kromrey ML, Grimm M, Weitschies W. Determination of Gastric Water Emptying in Fasted and Fed State Conditions Using a Compression-Coated Tablet and Salivary Caffeine Kinetics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2584. [PMID: 38004563 PMCID: PMC10674960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of gastric emptying for pharmacokinetics, numerous methods have been developed for its determination. One of the methods is the salivary tracer technique, which utilizes an ice capsule containing caffeine as a salivary tracer. Despite the ice capsule's advantage in labeling ingested fluids with caffeine for subsequent salivary detection, its risk of premature melting before swallowing, and its complicated storage and preparation, limit its application, particularly in special populations (e.g., older people). For this reason, here, a compression-coated tablet was developed and validated against the ice capsule in a cross-over clinical trial. The two dosage forms were administered simultaneously to 12 volunteers in an upright position under fasted and fed state conditions. To distinguish the caffeine concentrations in saliva from each dosage form, regular type of caffeine (12C) was added to the tablet, while for the ice capsule 13C3 labelled caffeine was used. The salivary caffeine concentrations showed no statistically significant differences for the pharmacokinetic parameters tmax and AUC0→60 (p > 0.05). Thus, the new formulation is a useful tool for determining gastric emptying that can also be used in special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tzakri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Rehenbrock
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Rump
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Seradj DS, Beeck R, Haase A, Krause J, Schick P, Weitschies W. Influence of Different Diets on the Degradation of Sulfasalazine by Colon Bacteria Determined Using MimiCol 3. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1128. [PMID: 37631043 PMCID: PMC10459966 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of the colon is characterized by its great diversity. This varies not only intra- but also interindividually and is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors, such as dietary and lifestyle factors. The aim of this work was to investigate the extent to which the degradation of the drug sulfasalazine is influenced by different microbiota. Therefore, the in vitro model MimiCol3 was used, which represents the physiological conditions of the ascending colon. In addition to a representative physiological volume, the pH value, redox potential and an anaerobic atmosphere are important to provide the bacteria with the best possible growth conditions. Stool samples were taken from three healthy subjects, comparing omnivorous, vegetarian and meat-rich diets, and cultured for 24 h. However, the nutrient medium used for cultivation led to the alignment of the bacterial composition of the microbiota. The previously observed differences between the diets could not be maintained. Nevertheless, the similar degradation of sulfasalazine was observed in all microbiota studied in MimiCol3. This makes MimiCol3 a suitable in vitro model for metabolism studies in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.-S.S.); (R.B.); (A.H.); (J.K.); (P.S.)
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3
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Senekowitsch S, Wietkamp E, Grimm M, Schmelter F, Schick P, Kordowski A, Sina C, Otzen H, Weitschies W, Smollich M. High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081852. [PMID: 37111071 PMCID: PMC10143675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine that plays a crucial role in mammalian metabolism. As spermidine levels decline with age, spermidine supplementation is suggested to prevent or delay age-related diseases. However, valid pharmacokinetic data regarding spermidine remains lacking. Therefore, for the first time, the present study investigated the pharmacokinetics of oral spermidine supplementation. (2) Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded, two-armed crossover trial with two 5-day intervention phases separated by a washout phase of 9 days. In 12 healthy volunteers, 15 mg/d of spermidine was administered orally, and blood and saliva samples were taken. Spermidine, spermine, and putrescine were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The plasma metabolome was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. (3) Results: Compared with a placebo, spermidine supplementation significantly increased spermine levels in the plasma, but it did not affect spermidine or putrescine levels. No effect on salivary polyamine concentrations was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study's results suggest that dietary spermidine is presystemically converted into spermine, which then enters systemic circulation. Presumably, the in vitro and clinical effects of spermidine are at least in part attributable to its metabolite, spermine. It is rather unlikely that spermidine supplements with doses <15 mg/d exert any short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eliza Wietkamp
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmelter
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Kordowski
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans Otzen
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Smollich
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Senekowitsch S, Foja C, Wildgrube T, Schick P, Rosenbaum C, Krause J, Brokmann F, Kromrey ML, Engeli S, Weitschies W, Grimm M. Intragastric Carbon Dioxide Release Prolongs the Gastric Residence Time of Postprandially Administered Caffeine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031012. [PMID: 36986872 PMCID: PMC10056953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sparkling water is said to increase gastric motility by the release of carbon dioxide, thereby potentially affecting the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs. The hypothesis of the present work was that the induction of gastric motility by intragastric release of carbon dioxide from effervescent granules could promote the mixing of drugs into the chyme under postprandial conditions, resulting in a prolonged drug absorption. For this purpose, an effervescent and a non-effervescent granule formulation of caffeine as a marker for gastric emptying were developed. In a three-way crossover study with twelve healthy volunteers, the salivary caffeine pharmacokinetics, after administration of the effervescent granules with still water and the administration of the non-effervescent granules with still and sparkling water, were investigated after intake of a standard meal. While the administration of the effervescent granules with 240 mL of still water led to a significantly prolonged gastric residence of the substance compared to the administration of the non-effervescent granules with 240 mL still water, the application of the non-effervescent granules with 240 mL sparkling water did not prolong gastric residence via mixing into caloric chyme. Overall, the mixing of caffeine into the chyme following the administration of the effervescent granules did not seem to be a motility mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Constantin Foja
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Toni Wildgrube
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Brokmann
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Engeli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Winter F, Schick P, Weitschies W. Bridging the Gap between Food Effects under Clinical Trial Conditions and Real Life: Modeling Delayed Gastric Emptying of Drug Substances and Gastric Content Volume Based on Meal Characteristics. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1039-1049. [PMID: 36548544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delayed gastric emptying is known to have a major impact on drug absorption. While the test meal recommended by the FDA and EMA to study food effects represents a worst-case scenario, it does not reflect the reality of the patients. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models could bridge the gap between clinical settings of food effect studies and the diverse nonclinical situations by simulating the effect of meals with different compositions and volumes. A mathematical equation based on a stretched exponential function was reparameterized to describe the gastric emptying process of mixed solid meals. The model was fitted to literature data including the gastric emptying data of 23 meals from 15 studies. Using a multiple linear regression model, we were able to predict the two function parameters from the meal characteristics caloric content and the percentage of calories derived from fat. After implementation into the PBPK software PK-Sim, the model, together with a separate compartment for liquid gastric contents, was compared to commercially available software. The model is able to simulate the gastric emptying of mixed solid meals containing drugs based on specific meal characteristics. A second compartment allows for distribution between liquid and solid components and rapid gastric emptying along the Magenstrasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Winter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald17489, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald17489, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald17489, Germany
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Wilson CG, Aarons L, Augustijns P, Brouwers J, Darwich AS, De Waal T, Garbacz G, Hansmann S, Hoc D, Ivanova A, Koziolek M, Reppas C, Schick P, Vertzoni M, García-Horsman JA. Integration of advanced methods and models to study drug absorption and related processes: An UNGAP perspective. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 172:106100. [PMID: 34936937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This collection of contributions from the European Network on Understanding Gastrointestinal Absorption-related Processes (UNGAP) community assembly aims to provide information on some of the current and newer methods employed to study the behaviour of medicines. It is the product of interactions in the immediate pre-Covid period when UNGAP members were able to meet and set up workshops and to discuss progress across the disciplines. UNGAP activities are divided into work packages that cover special treatment populations, absorption processes in different regions of the gut, the development of advanced formulations and the integration of food and pharmaceutical scientists in the food-drug interface. This involves both new and established technical approaches in which we have attempted to define best practice and highlight areas where further research is needed. Over the last months we have been able to reflect on some of the key innovative approaches which we were tasked with mapping, including theoretical, in silico, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, preclinical and clinical approaches. This is the product of some of us in a snapshot of where UNGAP has travelled and what aspects of innovative technologies are important. It is not a comprehensive review of all methods used in research to study drug dissolution and absorption, but provides an ample panorama of current and advanced methods generally and potentially useful in this area. This collection starts from a consideration of advances in a priori approaches: an understanding of the molecular properties of the compound to predict biological characteristics relevant to absorption. The next four sections discuss a major activity in the UNGAP initiative, the pursuit of more representative conditions to study lumenal dissolution of drug formulations developed independently by academic teams. They are important because they illustrate examples of in vitro simulation systems that have begun to provide a useful understanding of formulation behaviour in the upper GI tract for industry. The Leuven team highlights the importance of the physiology of the digestive tract, as they describe the relevance of gastric and intestinal fluids on the behaviour of drugs along the tract. This provides the introduction to microdosing as an early tool to study drug disposition. Microdosing in oncology is starting to use gamma-emitting tracers, which provides a link through SPECT to the next section on nuclear medicine. The last two papers link the modelling approaches used by the pharmaceutical industry, in silico to Pop-PK linking to Darwich and Aarons, who provide discussion on pharmacometric modelling, completing the loop of molecule to man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Formulation Sciences, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Beeck R, Glöckl G, Krause J, Schick P, Weitschies W. Mimicking the dynamic Colonic microbiota in vitro to gain a better understanding on the in vivo metabolism of xenobiotics: Degradation of sulfasalazine. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120704. [PMID: 33991596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential effects of colonic metabolism, the interest in the composition and action of intestinal microbiota has increased significantly throughout the last 10 years. Recently focus is turning to the development and implementation of in vitro tools closely simulating in vivo colonic metabolic processes suitable for routine use. The aim of the present study is to compare the metabolization of the model drug sulfasalazine utilizing the novel dynamic bioreactor MimiCol and a standard static batch fermenter inoculated with cryopreserved faecal microbiota. Major advantages of the novel bioreactor MimiCol are the smaller media volume which is closer to in vivo conditions, the possibility to perform media changes and the closer simulation of in vivo mixing patterns. The study proved that the MimiCol is able to simulate the dynamic conditions found within the ascending colon. The dynamic conditions within the MimiCol led to an almost 2-fold increase of the metabolization rate constant in comparison to the static batch fermenter. Our study was able to prove that the novel dynamic bioreactor MimiCol is able to closely simulate physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Beeck
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Glöckl
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Julius Krause
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schick
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Werner Weitschies
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Ambay TM, Schick P, Grimm M, Sager M, Schneider F, Koziolek M, Siegmund W, Schindele F, Haas R, Weitschies W. Design and Optimization of a Novel Strategy for the Local Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1302-1309. [PMID: 33253724 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Helicobacter pylori are a global challenge. Currently, H. pylori infections are treated systemically, but the eradication rates of the different therapy regimens are declining due to the growing number of bacterial strains resistant to major antibiotics. Here, we present a strategy for the local eradication of H. pylori by the use of Penicillin G sodium (PGS). In vitro experiments revealed that PGS shows high antibiotic activity against resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 μg/ml. In order to provide luminal concentrations above the MIC for longer periods of time, an extended release tablet was developed. Alkalizers were included to prevent acidic degradation of PGS within the tablet matrix. Out of the tested alkalizers MgO, l-Lysine, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 NaHCO3 provided the strongest rise in pH inside the hydrated matrix when tested in simulated gastric fluid. Better PGS stability can mainly reasoned from that, addition of MgO resulted in high pH values within the matrix, causing basic degradation of PGS. This work is a first step towards the use of extended release tablets containing PGS for the local treatment of H. pylori as a safe and cost-effective alternative to common systemic treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taddese Mekonnen Ambay
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Sager
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Schneider
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Schindele
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Schick P, Sager M, Voelker M, Weitschies W, Koziolek M. Application of the GastroDuo to study the interplay of drug release and gastric emptying in case of immediate release Aspirin formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Sager M, Grimm M, Aude P, Schick P, Merdivan S, Hasan M, Kromrey ML, Sivert A, Benameur H, Koziolek M, Tzvetkov MV, Weitschies W. In vivo characterization of enTRinsic™ drug delivery technology capsule after intake in fed state: A cross-validation approach using salivary tracer technique in comparison to MRI. J Control Release 2019; 313:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schick P, Sager M, Wegner F, Wiedmann M, Schapperer E, Weitschies W, Koziolek M. Application of the GastroDuo as an in Vitro Dissolution Tool To Simulate the Gastric Emptying of the Postprandial Stomach. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4651-4660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Sager
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Wegner
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Adam S, Almeida MF, Carbasius Weber E, Champion H, Chan H, Daly A, Dixon M, Dokoupil K, Egli D, Evans S, Eyskens F, Faria A, Ferguson C, Hallam P, Heddrich-Ellerbrok M, Jacobs J, Jankowski C, Lachmann R, Lilje R, Link R, Lowry S, Luyten K, MacDonald A, Maritz C, Martins E, Meyer U, Müller E, Murphy E, Robertson LV, Rocha JC, Saruggia I, Schick P, Stafford J, Stoelen L, Terry A, Thom R, van den Hurk T, van Rijn M, van Teefelen-Heithoff A, Webster D, White FJ, Wildgoose J, Zweers H. Dietary practices in pyridoxine non-responsive homocystinuria: a European survey. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:454-9. [PMID: 24206934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within Europe, the management of pyridoxine (B6) non-responsive homocystinuria (HCU) may vary but there is limited knowledge about treatment practice. AIM A comparison of dietetic management practices of patients with B6 non-responsive HCU in European centres. METHODS A cross-sectional audit by questionnaire was completed by 29 inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) centres: (14 UK, 5 Germany, 3 Netherlands, 2 Switzerland, 2 Portugal, 1 France, 1 Norway, 1 Belgium). RESULTS 181 patients (73% >16 years of age) with HCU were identified. The majority (66%; n=119) were on dietary treatment (1-10 years, 90%; 11-16 years, 82%; and >16 years, 58%) with or without betaine and 34% (n=62) were on betaine alone. The median natural protein intake (g/day) on diet only was, by age: 1-10 years, 12 g; 11-16 years, 11 g; and >16 years, 45 g. With diet and betaine, median natural protein intake (g/day) by age was: 1-10 years, 13 g; 11-16 years, 20 g; and >16 years, 38 g. Fifty-two percent (n=15) of centres allocated natural protein by calculating methionine rather than a protein exchange system. A methionine-free l-amino acid supplement was prescribed for 86% of diet treated patients. Fifty-two percent of centres recommended cystine supplements for low plasma concentrations. Target treatment concentrations for homocystine/homocysteine (free/total) and frequency of biochemical monitoring varied. CONCLUSION In B6 non-responsive HCU the prescription of dietary restriction by IMD centres declined with age, potentially associated with poor adherence in older patients. Inconsistencies in biochemical monitoring and treatment indicate the need for international consensus guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adam
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, UK
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Marcinkiewicz C, Calvete JJ, Vijay-Kumar S, Marcinkiewicz MM, Raida M, Schick P, Lobb RR, Niewiarowski S. Structural and functional characterization of EMF10, a heterodimeric disintegrin from Eristocophis macmahoni venom that selectively inhibits alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. Biochemistry 1999; 38:13302-9. [PMID: 10529205 DOI: 10.1021/bi9906930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha5beta1, a major fibronectin receptor, is a widely distributed integrin that is essential for cell growth and organ development. Here, we describe a novel heterodimeric disintegrin named EMF10, isolated from the Eristocophis macmahoni venom, that is an extremely potent and selective inhibitor of alpha5beta1. EMF10 inhibited adhesion of cells expressing alpha5beta1 to fibronectin (IC(50) = 1-4 nM) and caused expression of a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) on the beta1 subunit of alpha5beta1 integrin. It partially inhibited adhesion of cells expressing alphaIIbbeta3, alphavbeta3, and alpha4beta1 to appropriate ligands only at concentration higher than 500 nM. Guinea pig megakaryocytes expressing alpha5beta1 adhered to immobilized EMF10 and showed extensive spreading and cytoskeletal mobilization. As determined by electrospray mass spectrometry, EMF10 is composed of two species with molecular masses of 14 575 and 14 949 Da, respectively. EMF10 is a heterodimer containing two subunits: EMF10A (Mr 7544 Da) and EMF10B (Mr 7405 and 7032 Da) linked covalently by S-S bonds. Subunit B showed heterogeneity and may be present as EMF10B1 (Mr 7032) and EMF10B2 (Mr 7405). In putative hairpin loops, EMF10A and EMF10B contained CKKGRGDNLNDYC and CWPAMGDWNDDYC motifs, respectively. The reduced and alkylated subunit B of EMF10 inhibited adhesion of K562 cells to fibronectin in a dose-dependent, saturable manner with IC(50) of 3 microM. The synthetic, cyclic CKKGRGDNLNDYC and CWPAMGDWNDDYC peptides expressed their inhibitory activity in the same system with IC(50) of 100 microM. We propose that alpha5beta1 recognition of EMF10 is associated with the MGDW motif located in a putative hairpin loop of the B subunit and that the expression of activity may also depend on the RGDN motif in the subunit A and on the C-termini of both subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Fels Research Institute for Cancer and Molecular Biology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Weiss A, Schick P, Platikanov D. Bilayer studies in mixedn-decanol/n-tetradecanol complexes ofn-decylammonium beidellite. Colloid Polym Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00658687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoffmeister H, Schick P, Koenig W, Hombach V. Effects of captopril and isosorbide dinitrate on hemorheological parameters in patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to coronary heart disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1995. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1995-15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Shy ME, Evans VA, Lublin FD, Knobler RL, Heiman-Patterson T, Tahmoush AJ, Parry G, Schick P, DeRyk TG. Antibodies to GM1 and GD1b in patients with motor neuron disease without plasma cell dyscrasia. Ann Neurol 1989; 25:511-3. [PMID: 2505666 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410250517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-nine percent of 49 patients with motor neuron disease and 25% of 91 control subjects had IgM antibodies to ganglioside GM1 but usually not to GD1b at titers less than 1:80. This suggests that antibodies to GM1 may be part of the normal human antibody repertoire. However, given the higher incidence of antibodies to GM1 in patients with motor neuron disease, there may be specific epitopes important in antiganglioside antibodies associated with motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Gerbes AL, Arbogast B, Schick P, Messerschmidt O. Acute radiation injury of mice and the influence of sudden time shift. Radiat Res 1984; 99:285-93. [PMID: 6463207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The daily light-dark regimen for two groups of mice was advanced by 8 hr. A third group remained in unchanged lighting conditions. At seven different times within the following day subgroups of the time-shifted mice as well as of the group with unchanged time schedule were exposed to whole-body X irradiation. Mortality, body weight, and temperature of each animal were registered for 30 days following exposure and were regarded as indicators of radiation response. Radioresistance was found to be highest after two-thirds of the daily light span, confirming earlier reports by other authors. Well-defined effects of time shift and a corresponding shift of the maximum of radioresistance could be demonstrated. With the individual body weight as an independent variable, mathematical formulas for survival prognosis could be established.
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18
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Gerbes AL, Haen E, Schick P, Messerschmidt O. [Therapeutic effect of fetal mesenchyma in acute radiation disease of mice]. Strahlentherapie 1983; 159:296-8. [PMID: 6857745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an intramuscular application of fetal mesenchym (Resistocell) in mice with acute radiation injury was investigated. A single dose of 80 mg/kg body weight one day after radiation exposure (LD70/30, 635 cGy) showed significant therapeutic effects. Further experiments are recommended in order to improve and explain the reported results.
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19
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Berdel WE, Schick P, Sedlmeier H, Fink U, Rastetter J, Messerschmidt O. Experimental chemotherapy of radiation injury with synthetic lysophospholipid analogs in mice. Radiat Res 1983; 94:166-70. [PMID: 6344130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic lysophospholipids represent a variety of analogs of the naturally occurring 2-lysophosphatidylcholine. Some of these compounds showed significant therapeutic effects on the survival of mice following radiation injury when administered after various doses of whole-body X irradiation. Such therapeutic effects were discernible even when the treatment was given 6 hr after irradiation, and both intravenous and oral application were effective. Intravenous application of 2 X 25 mg/kg lysophospholipid after whole-body X irradiation around the LD50 resulted in significantly higher numbers of surviving animals. The mode of action remains speculative.
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20
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Schick P, Goodstein J, Moor J, Butler J, Senter KL. Preoperative chemotherapy followed by mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 1983; 22:278-82. [PMID: 6834850 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930220415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Six patients with advanced local-regional breast cancer were reviewed. Five out of the six patients previously had had radiation therapy as part of the initial therapy. All patients had preoperative cycles of combination chemotherapy, either CMF or CAF. The two stage III patients had greater than 75% reduction in measurable tumor mass, which allowed a conventional modified radical or radical mastectomy to be performed. Both of these patients are now disease free at 26 and 27 months. The four stage IV patients had lesser operations following the chemotherapy (two simple mastectomies, one simple mastectomy plus axillary resection, and one axillary debulking). Reconstruction utilized advancement flaps in three patients and split-thickness skin grafts in the other. None of the patients had postoperative wound problems, and none of the patients had further problems with local cancer control. All patients had combination chemotherapy starting two to six weeks following surgery. Preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery plays an important role in management of locally advanced stage III and stage IV breast cancer.
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21
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Shabot MM, Goldberg IM, Schick P, Nieberg R, Pilch YH. Aspiration cytology is superior to Tru-Cut needle biopsy in establishing the diagnosis of clinically suspicious breast masses. Ann Surg 1982; 196:122-6. [PMID: 7092361 PMCID: PMC1352465 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198208000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Eighty-one consecutive patients with breast masses clinically suspicious for malignancy were evaluated prospectively. There were 31 benign lesions and 50 malignancies. Clinical diagnosis was correct in 85% (2.5% false negative, 12.5% false positive). Mammography was diagnostic in 52.8% (31.5% false negative, 15.7% false positive). Needle biopsy was accurate in 78.9% (21.1% false negative, 0% false positive). Aspiration cytology was diagnostic in 96.2% (3.8% false negative, 0% false positive). Statistical comparison of all four tests revealed that aspiration cytology was slightly more accurate than physical examination for all lesions (p = 0.07), but significantly more accurate for benign lesions (p = 0.005). Overall, aspiration cytology was significantly more accurate than mammography (p = 0.000001) and needle biopsy (p = 0.008). Only one minor complication, a superficial infection, occurred with aspiration cytology and needle biopsy. Thin-needle aspiration cytology is a benign procedure that appears to be superior to physical examination, mammography, and needle biopsy in establishing the diagnosis of clinically suspicious breast masses.
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22
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Spanel-Borowski K, Trepel F, Schick P, Pilgrim C. Aspects of cellular proliferation during follicular atresia in the dog ovary. Cell Tissue Res 1981; 219:173-83. [PMID: 7197194 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autoradiography after pulse labelling with [3H] thymidine was applied to investigate the proliferation processes in the granulosa and theca related to follicular atresia of the dog ovary during metestrus. The number of proliferating cells depends on the follicle type and its atretic stage. There is less proliferation in smaller secondary follicles than either in larger ones or tertiary follicles. While in early atresia tertiary follicles show the highest labelling indices, in advanced atresia the largest secondary follicles are those with the highest values. For each follicle type a decline in the labelling indices can be observed from early to terminal atresia. Tertiary follicles show a precipitous decrease in the labelling index between early and advanced atresia. There is a continuous gradient of proliferation from the center of the follicle over the peripheral granulosa to the theca. In tertiary follicles, an inverse correlation between labelling and necrosis of granulosa cells can be observed.
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Abstract
Nineteen patients who underwent peroperative pancreatic aspiration during 1976 to 1978 were retrospectively compared with 19 other consecutively chosen patients who underwent pancreatic surgery without this procedure in 1973 and 1974. In 18 of the 19 patients who had pancreatic aspiration, an accurate diagnosis was obtained. Three patients in the 1973 to 1974 series had serious postoperative complications attributable to incorrect intraoperative diagnosis and subsequent operative therapy. Peroperative pancreatic aspiration cytology provides a definitive diagnosis that may result in the most efficacious therapy for pancreatic disease.
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24
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Schick P, Werdan K, Baljer G, Sailer A. [Investigations on combined injuries, 26th communication: investigations on the changes in the state of resistance following sublethal whole-body irradiation (author's transl)]. Strahlentherapie 1979; 155:849-55. [PMID: 390775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The risk of a bacterial invasion by pseudomonas, e. coli, proteus, citrobacter and gaffkya via an open skin wound was investigated in combined injured mice (infliction of a skin wound and irradiations). Suspensions of different bacterial strains were applied on the wound and then the lethality was determined. Besides of apathogenic (citrobacter, proteus, gaffkya) and high pathogenic bacteria (e. coli and pseudomonas) an e. coli strain of the 0-Group 81 was found that seems to induce a decrease of lethality even after sublethal whole body irradiation.
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25
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Steinbach KH, Schick P, Trepel F, Raffler H, Döhrmann J, Heilgeist G, Heltzel W, Li K, Past W, van der Woerd-de Lange JA, Theml H, Fliedner TM, Begemann H. Estimation of kinetic parameters of neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic granulocytes in human blood. Blut 1979; 39:27-38. [PMID: 223692 DOI: 10.1007/bf01008072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two hematologically normal patients with glioblastoma and six patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia received continuous 3H-thymidine infusions for 3--10 days. In autoradiographs of blood cell smears taken for 25 days or more after the beginning of 3H-thymidine administration the labeling index and the labeling intensity of granulocytes were determined. A sufficiently high labeling intensity, i.e. a sufficiently long autoradiographic exposure time was found to be critical for obtaining valid and reproducible results. On the basis of certain assumptions discussed in detail, complete labeling of cells with 3H-thymidine followed by autoradiographic evaluation and mathematical analysis of the labeling patterns seems to be a suitable method for estimation of kinetic parameters of postmitotic granulocytes in vivo. The mean intramedullary maturation and storage time was observed to be 115 +/- 7 h or neutrophils, 103 +/- 4 h for eosinophils and 103 +/- 11 h for basophils. The mean relative inflow rate into the blood (or relative turnover rate in the blood) was found to be 4.2 +/- 0.4/h for neutrophils, 4.0 +/- 0.4%/h for eosinophils and 1.2 +/- 0.3%/h for basophils. The mean blood transit time (or blood sojourn time) was estimated to be 25 +/- 2 h or neutrophils, 26 +/- 3 h for eosinophils and 89 +/- 21 h for basophils. Accordingly the half lifes (T 1/2) of granulocytes in the blood were 17.3 +/- 1.4 h for neutrophils, 18.0 +/- 2.1 for eosinophils and 62 +/- 15 h for basophils. Under the quasi steady state conditions of this study the kinetics of granulocytes in the present CLL patients appeared to be normal, despite a marked lymphocytic infiltration of the bone marrow. The apparent discrepancy between these findings and the data obtained with autotransfusion of DFP-labeled granulocytes is discussed.
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Abstract
Epithelial proliferation of the vas deferens and epididymis was studied in rabbits after flash or continuous labeling with DNA precursor by autoradiography. A high proliferative capacity of the epithelium was found: after 2 days of labeling, 11% of labeled cells were found in the vas deferens and 20% in the ductus epididymidis.
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27
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van der Woerd- de Lange JA, Döhrmann J, Huber C, Schick P, Rauert K, Begemann H. DNA-synthesizing T and non-T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blut 1978; 37:319-26. [PMID: 310327 DOI: 10.1007/bf01007867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 21 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and in 8 hematologically normal persons the number of DNA-synthesizing peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated by autoradiographic techniques. The lymphocytes were differentiated by EN-rosette tests into T and non-T lymphoid cells. The results show a normal number of proliferating T lymphoid cells and an increased number of proliferating non-T lymphoid cells in clinical stages O-I. Stages III-IV demonstrate a significant increase of the proliferation rate of both T and non-T lymphoid cells. The possible pathogenetic factors and the prognostic value of these results are discussed.
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28
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Schick P, Trepel F, Maisel KH, Past W, Reisert I, Begemann H, Pilgrim C. Labelling of human resting lymphocytes by continuous infusion of [3H]thymidine. I. Characterization of cytoplasmic label. J Cell Sci 1978; 33:351-62. [PMID: 721907 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.33.1.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After continuous 3H-TdR infusion in vivo or incubation with 3H-TdR in vitro human blood lymphocytes were examined by light-microscopic and electron-microscopic autoradiography. Using relatively long autoradiographic exposure times (50–300 days) not only nuclear but also cytoplasmic labelling was visualized, the cytoplasmic label being present in up to 96% of the cells. The cytoplasmic label was predominantly associated with the mitochondria and was removed from the cells nearly completely by treatment with DNase but not with RNase or cold perchloric acid. It is concluded that this cytoplasmic label mainly represents 3H-TdR incorporated into mitochondrial DNA which is continuously renewed in an average turnover time of 14 days or less. This value is compatible with a turnover time of 11 days for mitochondrial DNA in mammalian cells reported in the literature.
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Baljer G, Schaller M, Schick P, Sailer J, Messerschmidt O, Mayr A. [Experimental investigations on the immunity development in irradiated mice after local and parenteral immunization with tetanus-toxoid (author's transl)]. Strahlentherapie 1977; 153:638-44. [PMID: 906051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Using the "tetanus-mouse" model the differences in immunity development between animals exposed to irradiation (300 R and 400 R) and animals not exposed to irradiation after nasal and subcutaneous vaccination was investigated. Immunization was carried out 1, 3, 6 and 10 days before and after exposure to irradiation. Efficacy of immunization was tested by challenge with 10 X LD50 tetanus-toxin and by antitoxin determination with L+-method. The degree of the immune response was dependent on 1. the irradiation dose, 2. the interval between active immunization and the ensuing or preceding irradiation, 3. the mode of vaccination (local or parenteral) and 4. the vaccination dose.
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Yonemoto RH, Schick P, Albano W, Fujisawa T, Waldman SH. Immune responses in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast. Effects of adrenalectomy. Arch Surg 1977; 112:991-6. [PMID: 327980 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1977.01370080089015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We set out to answer the question, "Is the effect of adrenalectomy associated with or mediated through the immune response?" Eleven patients were studied preoperatively and postoperatively by in vitro immunologic tests. The assay system used included absolute T cell counts, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blastogenesis, leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) after contact with 3M potassium chloride breast antigens, and blocking as measured in the blastogenesis and LAI assays. Good correlation was found between favorable clinical response to adrenalectomy and a rise in the number of absolute T cells, an increase in LAI positivity, and a decrease in blocking as measured by LAI blocking assay, but no correlation was seen in PHA blastogenesis assays. The association of clinical objective responses and improved immune responses is of significance.
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Kaboth W, Schick P, Trepel F, Theml H. [Kinetics and differentiation of monocytes in man (author's transl)]. Med Klin 1977; 72:1033-7. [PMID: 875878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives a short review of the monocytopoiesis in the bone marrow, the kinetics of monocytes in the blood, the differentiation of monocytes in the tissue and presents new data on monocyte transit time through the peripheral blood. Monocyte kinetics were studied in three hematologically normal persons, four patients with Hodgkin's disease and four patients with chroniclymphocytic leukemia using 3H-TdR-pulse-injection or 3H-TdR continuous infusion. The average value of the mean blood monocyte transit time was 25.1 hours. The mean blood transit times of haematologically normal persons and patients with lymphatic disorders did not differ significantly.
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Pabst R, Heyes H, Rasche H, Schick P, Trepel F. Factor VIII coagulant activity and factor VIII-related antigen released from isolated perfused human spleens. Blut 1977; 34:27-30. [PMID: 64264 DOI: 10.1007/bf00997035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eight human spleens were perfused for up to 65 h at normothermia and the coagulant Factor VIII activity measured in the perfusate. In addition, in three experiments Factor VIII-related antigen was determined in the perfusate. Although the spleens were pathologically enlarged and the normal structure involved by different diseases, all spleens released Factor VIII coagulant activity and Factor VIII-related antigen. On average the total amount of Factor VIII coagulant activity released was equivalent to that of 3.5 l of human plasma.
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Trepel F, Schick P. [Dynamics of the lymphatic cell system. Kinetics and regulation of lymphocytes]. Med Klin 1975; 70:581-90. [PMID: 1080235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Autotransfusions of the DNA synthesizing blood cells from 2-2.5 liters of blood, labelled in vitro with 3H-thymidine, were performed in 2 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The fate of the labelled lymphoid cells was followed up for 5 min to 60 h in the circulating blood and occasionally in the lymph node tissue. The data indicate that 1) circulating DNA synthesizing large lymphoid cells leave the blood in less than 2 h; 2) they produce by mitosis large and medium sized lymphocytes, which mainly appear in blood and lymph nodes and 3) their generation time, in agreement with other estimates, is about 25 h.
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37
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Schick P, Trepel F, Eder M, Matzner M, Benedek S, Theml H, Kaboth W, Begemann H, Fliedner TM. Autotransfusion of 3H-cytidine-labelled blood lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin patients. II. Exchangeable lymphocyte pools. Acta Haematol 1975; 53:206-18. [PMID: 808930 DOI: 10.1159/000208185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The dilution in the circulating blood of lymphocytes lablled in vitro with 3H-cytidine was examined after autotransfusion in 9 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) stage II A-IV B, 5 of whom were untreated; in 2 untreated patients with carcinoma, and in 1 treated patient with scleroderma. The blood transit time of exchangeable lymphocytes was 37 +/- 18 min in the patients with HD and 26 +/- 6 min in the other patients. The proportion of exchangeable (recirculating) small blood lymphocytes was 39-84% in HD and 81-91% in the carcinoma patients. The relation between the size of the circulating pool of small blood lymphocytes and the total exchangeable (recirculating) lymphocyte pool was 1:20 to 1:30 in HD and 1:29 to 1:34 in the other patients. The absolute size of the recirculating pool of lymphocytes was 46-90 times 10(9) cells in HD and 100-150 times 10(9) cells in the carcinoma patients.
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Schick P, Trepel F, Lehmann-Brockhaus E, Nietmann H. Autotransufsion of 3H-cytidine-labelled blood lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin patients. I. Limitations of the method. Acta Haematol 1975; 53:193-205. [PMID: 808929 DOI: 10.1159/000208184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autotransfusion of 3H-cytidine-labelled blood lymphocytes followed by autoradiographic evaluation as studied in 11 patients with Hodgkin's disease and pool sizes of lymphocytes. However, it is complicated by two major pitfalls; (1) The free (extracellular) activity of oH-cytidine transfused along with the cell-bound label is sufficient to cause DNA labelling of newly produced lymphocytes in the body. (2) The soluble intracellular pool of 3H-labelled compounds causes an increase of labelling intensity of lymphocyte RNA in the first hours after cell transfusion. Methods to correct for these sources of error are described.
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Schick P, Benfield JR, Gondos B, Hayakawa B, Shors E, Shimada K, Peter M. Experimental lobar pneumonia in canine lung grafts. Surgery 1974; 75:348-56. [PMID: 4149468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Themi H, Trepel F, Schick P, Kaboth W, Begemann H. Kinetics of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: studies using continuous 3H-thymidine infusion in two patients. Blood 1973; 42:623-36. [PMID: 4778708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Schick P, Trepel F, Theml H, Benedek S, Trumpp P, Kaboth W, Begemann H, Fliedner TM. Kinetics of lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. Blut 1973; 27:223-35. [PMID: 4744339 DOI: 10.1007/bf01637435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bremer K, Wack O, Schick P. Impaired recirculation of autotransfused blood lymphocytes via thoracic duct lymph in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia. Biomedicine 1973; 18:393-400. [PMID: 4800554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bremer K, Fliedner TM, Schick P. Kinetic differences of autotransfused 3 H-cytidine labeled blood lymphocytes in leukemic and non-leukemic lymphoma patients. Eur J Cancer 1973; 9:113-24. [PMID: 4577732 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(73)90080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Benfield JR, Beall GN, Gondos B, Peter ME, Shimada K, Schick P. Serial observations on immunologically matched lung allografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 64:907-21. [PMID: 4564490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bremer K, Schick P, Wack O, Theml H, Brass B, Heimpel H. [Recirculation of lymphocytes in patients with malignant lymphatic systemic diseases]. Blut 1972; 24:215-25. [PMID: 5067297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Trepel F, Schick P, Begemann H. [Morphological and functional alterations of the blood cell system of guinea pigs after treatment with cytostatic agents, prednisolone and phenylbutazone. 3. Alterations of an immunologic and an unspecific form of inflammation]. Z Gesamte Exp Med Einschl Exp Chir 1969; 149:25-43. [PMID: 5790197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Schick P. Ueber einen Fall von Uterusruptur nach vorangegangenem klassischen Kaiserschnitt. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1911. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1130938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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