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Genetic factors affecting dopaminergic deterioration during the premotor stage of Parkinson disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:104. [PMID: 34836969 PMCID: PMC8626486 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) during the premotor stage and to investigate the effect of genetic factors on the trajectories. Using longitudinal dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography data from 367 sporadic PD (sPD), 72 LRRK2 (G2019S), and 39 GBA (N370S) PD patients in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study, we estimated the temporal trajectories of putaminal-specific binding ratios using an integrating function between baseline values and their annual change rates. In order to test reproducibility, we computed another trajectory for sPD using positron emission tomography data of 38 sPD patients at Gangnam Severance Hospital (GSH). Temporal trajectories of sPD were compared between the groups separated by age at onset (AAO) and polygenic load for common PD risk variants, and also compared with genetic PD. sPD patients in both the PPMI and GSH cohorts showed similar onset of dopaminergic degeneration around 10 years before motor onset. Early-onset PD patients exhibited later onset of degeneration and a faster decline in dopaminergic activity during the premotor period than late-onset patients. sPD patients with high polygenic load were associated with earlier onset and slower progression of dopaminergic dysfunction. Compared to the sPD and LRRK2 PD groups, GBA PD patients exhibited faster deterioration of dopaminergic function during the premotor stage. Dopaminergic dysfunction in PD appears to start about 10 years before motor onset. Genetic factors may be contributing to the heterogeneity of dopaminergic deterioration during the premotor stage.
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Palermo G, Giannoni S, Bellini G, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R. Dopamine Transporter Imaging, Current Status of a Potential Biomarker: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11234. [PMID: 34681899 PMCID: PMC8538800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of current clinical research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the validation and standardization of biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, predicting outcomes, understanding PD pathophysiology, and demonstrating target engagement in clinical trials. Molecular imaging with specific dopamine-related tracers offers a practical indirect imaging biomarker of PD, serving as a powerful tool to assess the status of presynaptic nigrostriatal terminals. In this review we provide an update on the dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in PD and translate recent findings to potentially valuable clinical practice applications. The role of DAT imaging as diagnostic, preclinical and predictive biomarker is discussed, especially in view of recent evidence questioning the incontrovertible correlation between striatal DAT binding and nigral cell or axon counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Giannoni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Unit of Neurology, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Unit of Neurology, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Nicastro N, Garibotto V, Burkhard PR. Extrastriatal 123I-FP-CIT SPECT impairment in Parkinson's disease - the PPMI cohort. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:192. [PMID: 32416724 PMCID: PMC7229596 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathological data and nuclear medicine imaging show extensive serotonergic impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We undertook a case-controlled analysis of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT images to measure extrastriatal serotonergic transporters (SERT) in PD using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. Methods We included all PD (n = 154) and Control subjects (n = 62) with available 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI for coregistration (PD: mean age 61.6 years, 62% male, disease duration 26 months, MDS-UPDRS III score 22). 123I-FP-CIT SPECT images were processed with PETPVE12 using an exploratory voxel-wise analysis including partial-volume effect correction. Linear regressions were performed in the PD group to assess correlations between region of interest 123I-FP-CIT uptake and clinical motor and non-motor impairment. Results Compared to Controls, PD exhibited an uptake reduction in bilateral caudate nucleus, putamen, insula, amygdala and right pallidum (family-wise error (FWE)-corrected p < 0.05). While lower putaminal uptake on the contralateral side to clinically more affected side was associated with higher MDS-UPDRS III score (p = 0.022), we found a trend association between higher geriatric depression scale and lower pallidum uptake (p = 0.09). Higher SCOPA-AUT gastrointestinal subscore was associated with lower uptake in mean putamen and caudate nucleus (p = 0.01 to 0.03), whereas urological subscore was inversely correlated with mean caudate nucleus, putamen, and pallidum uptake (p = 0.002 to 0.03). REM sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaire was associated with lower 123I-FP-CIT binding in caudate nucleus, putamen and pallidum (all p < 0.05). No significant association was found for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (all p > 0.45) or excessive daytime sleepiness (all p > 0.29). Conclusions In addition to the well-established striatal deficit, this study provides evidence of a major extrastriatal 123I-FP-CIT impairment, and therefore of an altered serotonergic transmission in early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nicastro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 4, rue G. Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre R Burkhard
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, 4, rue G. Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Dubol M, Trichard C, Leroy C, Sandu AL, Rahim M, Granger B, Tzavara ET, Karila L, Martinot JL, Artiges E. Dopamine Transporter and Reward Anticipation in a Dimensional Perspective: A Multimodal Brain Imaging Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:820-827. [PMID: 28829051 PMCID: PMC5809789 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine function and reward processing are highly interrelated and involve common brain regions afferent to the nucleus accumbens, within the mesolimbic pathway. Although dopamine function and reward system neural activity are impaired in most psychiatric disorders, it is unknown whether alterations in the dopamine system underlie variations in reward processing across a continuum encompassing health and these disorders. We explored the relationship between dopamine function and neural activity during reward anticipation in 27 participants including healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients with schizophrenia, depression, or cocaine addiction, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) multimodal imaging with a voxel-based statistical approach. Dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was assessed with PET and [11C]PE2I as a marker of presynaptic dopamine function, and reward-related neural response was assessed using fMRI with a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task. Across all the participants, DAT availability in the midbrain correlated positively with the neural response to anticipation of reward in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, this relationship was conserved in each clinical subgroup, despite the heterogeneity of mental illnesses examined. For the first time, a direct link between DAT availability and reward anticipation was detected within the mesolimbic pathway in healthy and psychiatric participants, and suggests that dopaminergic dysfunction is a common mechanism underlying the alterations of reward processing observed in patients across diagnostic categories. The findings support the use of a dimensional approach in psychiatry, as promoted by the Research Domain Criteria project to identify neurobiological signatures of core dysfunctions underling mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dubol
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Christian Trichard
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- EPS Barthelemy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Claire Leroy
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Anca-Larisa Sandu
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mehdi Rahim
- Parietal Project Team—INRIA, CEA, Neurospin, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Granger
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Tarnier Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eleni T Tzavara
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Tarnier Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM U1130 Research Unit, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Karila
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- AP-HP, Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 ‘Neuroimaging and Psychiatry’, Paris Sud University—Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn, Paris & Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Psychiatry Department, Orsay, France
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Artiges E, Leroy C, Dubol M, Prat M, Pepin A, Mabondo A, de Beaurepaire R, Beaufils B, Korwin JP, Galinowski A, D’Albis MA, Santiago-Ribeiro MJ, Granger B, Tzavara ET, Martinot JL, Trichard C. Striatal and Extrastriatal Dopamine Transporter Availability in Schizophrenia and Its Clinical Correlates: A Voxel-Based and High-Resolution PET Study. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1134-1142. [PMID: 28177089 PMCID: PMC5581903 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies investigating dopamine (DA) function widely support the hypothesis of presynaptic striatal DA hyperactivity in schizophrenia. However, published data on the striatal DA transporter (DAT) appear less consistent with this hypothesis, probably partly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, DAT in extrastriatal regions has been very poorly investigated in the context of schizophrenia. In order to address these issues, we used a high resolution positron emission tomograph and the selective DAT radioligand [11C]PE2I, coupled with a whole brain voxel-based analysis method to investigate DAT availability in striatal but also extra-striatal regions in 21 male chronic schizophrenia patients compared to 30 healthy male controls matched by age. We found higher DAT availability in schizophrenia patients in midbrain, striatal, and limbic regions. DAT availability in amygdala/hippocampus and putamen/pallidum was positively correlated with hallucinations and suspiciousness/persecution, respectively. These results are consistent with an increase of presynaptic DA function in patients with schizophrenia, and support the involvement of both striatal and extrastriatal DA dysfunction in positive psychotic symptoms. The study also highlights the whole brain voxel-based analysis method to explore DA dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Artiges
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,GH Nord Essonne, Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France;,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay cedex, France; tel: (33)-1-69-86-78-23, fax: (33)-1-69-86-78-10, e-mail:
| | - Claire Leroy
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Manon Dubol
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Prat
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey Pepin
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey Mabondo
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | | | - Béatrice Beaufils
- Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Corentin Celton Hospital, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | | | - André Galinowski
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Granger
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,APHP Tarnier Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eleni T Tzavara
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,APHP Tarnier Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France;,INSERM U1130 Research Unit, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Christian Trichard
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,Psychiatry Department, Barthélémy Durand Hospital, Etampes, France;,These authors contributed equally to the article
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Unaltered Dopamine Transporter Availability in Drug-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia After 6 Months of Antipsychotics Treatment: A Naturalistic Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 37:21-26. [PMID: 28027110 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic dysfunction, namely, dopamine transporter (DAT) availability variations in patients with drug-naive schizophrenia after long-term treatment, is still not well understood. The aims of the study were to explore (i) whether the DAT availability in patients with drug-naive schizophrenia differed after antipsychotic treatment and (ii) whether treatment with different generations of antipsychotics influenced the DAT availability after follow-up for 6 months. METHODS Twenty-four first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia were divided into first- and second-generation antipsychotic groups naturalistically. After 6 months of follow-up, 7 patients who received first-generation antipsychotic treatment and 17 patients who received second-generation antipsychotic treatment completed the study. The patients underwent premedication and 6-month follow-up measurements using single-photon emission computed tomography with technetium Tc 99m (Tc) TRODAT-1. Psychopathological evaluations and adverse effects were recorded using appropriate scales. RESULTS Both of the treatment groups significantly improved according to Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale evaluation. However, no significant difference was noticed between the premedication and 6-month follow-up DAT scans. Nonsignificant differences existed even in the groups of different generations of antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia may not be influenced by DAT availability, even under treatment with different antipsychotics for a sufficient treatment period.
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PET imaging of dopamine transporters with [(18)F]FE-PE2I: Effects of anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:158-64. [PMID: 26872440 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the striatal [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding and the immunohistochemical stain of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum, and to evaluate the effects of therapeutic drugs on [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding. METHODS Dynamic PET/CT of [(18)F]FE-PE2I was performed in Parkinson's disease (PD) rat models, induced by the unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum. A simplified reference tissue model method was used to calculate the striatal binding potential (striatal BPND). Each of the four normal rats was pretreated with pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram 30 min before [(18)F]FE-PE2I injection. The effect of L-DOPA combined with benserazide was assessed in the normal and PD rats. RESULTS The BPND was significantly lower in the lesioned striatum than in the striatum of the normal rats. After the pretreatment with pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram, the values of the striatal BPND did not differ from those of the controls. The pretreatment with L-DOPA/benserazide, however, significantly reduced the striatal BPND. The striatal BPND of the PD rats with L-DOPA/benserazide pretreatment was not different from that of the same PD rats with placebo treatment. CONCLUSION [(18)F]FE-PE2I may be used as a radioligand for the in-vivo imaging of the DAT. In the normal rats, [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding is unaffected by pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram. L-DOPA/benserazide does not affect the striatal [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding in PD rats.
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Siepel FJ, Dalen I, Grüner R, Booij J, Brønnick KS, Buter TC, Aarsland D. Loss of Dopamine Transporter Binding and Clinical Symptoms in Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise J. Siepel
- Center for Age-Related Medicine; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Physics and Technology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kolbjørn S. Brønnick
- TIPS-Regional Center for Clinical Research in Psychosis; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
- Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Stavanger; Stavanger Norway
| | - Tirza C. Buter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Center for Age-Related Medicine; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
- Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society (NVS); Center for Alzheimer Research; Division of Neurogeriatrics; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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Geisler S, Beindorff N, Cremer M, Hoffmann K, Brenner W, Cumming P, Meyer PT, Langen KJ, Fuchs E, Buchert R. Characterization of [123I]FP-CIT binding to the dopamine transporter in the striatum of tree shrews by quantitativein vitroautoradiography. Synapse 2015; 69:497-504. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Geisler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH - Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine; Jülich Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Cremer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH - Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine; Jülich Germany
| | | | - Winfried Brenner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen/Nürnberg Germany
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Philipp T. Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH - Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine; Jülich Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University of Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Loss of dopamine neuron terminals in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia; relation to tardive dyskinesia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 44:178-83. [PMID: 23454261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo labeling and brain imaging of dopamine transporters measure the density of dopamine neuron terminals in the human caudate/putamen. A review of such studies shows that the long-term use of antipsychotics had no major effect on the density of the dopamine terminals in individuals who had no tardive dyskinesia, but had reduced the density in those patients with tardive dyskinesia. In addition, the normal loss of dopamine terminals in healthy individuals was approximately 5% per decade. However, this rate of cell loss was apparently increased by approximately three-fold, to about 15% per decade, in schizophrenia patients using antipsychotics on a long-term basis, as measured by the in vivo imaging of the dopamine transporters in the dopamine neuron terminals. While an apparent reduction in dopamine transporters may result from reduced expression of the transporters secondary to antipsychotic treatment, the seemingly increased loss rate is consistent with the accumulation of antipsychotics in the neuromelanin of the substantia nigra, subsequent injury to the dopamine-containing neurons, and the development of extrapyramidal motor disturbances such as tardive dyskinesia or Parkinson's disease.
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11
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Roussakis AA, Piccini P, Politis M. Clinical utility of DaTscan™ (123I-Ioflupane Injection) in the diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2013; 3:33-39. [PMID: 30890892 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s19807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of movement disorders including Parkinsonian syndromes and essential tremor is mainly clinical. The most common diagnostic errors for Parkinson's disease include misdiagnoses such as Parkinson plus syndromes and cases of essential tremor. In this article, we discuss the clinical utility of DaTscan™ (123I-Ioflupane injection) and its diagnostic value in Parkinson's disease and the other Parkinsonian syndromes. Single photon emission computed tomography with 123I-Ioflupane can be useful to assist in the diagnosis of uncertain cases of Parkinsonism. An accurate diagnosis can aid clinicians in making correct decisions that are related to the overall management and treatment of Parkinson's disease, avoiding common therapeutic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Piccini
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Marios Politis
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,
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12
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Borgers AJ, Alkemade A, Van de Giessen EM, Drent ML, Booij J, Bisschop PH, Fliers E. Imaging of serotonin transporters with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT in the human hypothalamus. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:34. [PMID: 23618227 PMCID: PMC3648392 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonergic neurons in the rodent hypothalamus are implicated in key neuroendocrine and metabolic functions, including circadian rhythmicity. However, the assessment of the serotonergic system in the human hypothalamus in vivo is difficult as delineation of the hypothalamus is cumbersome with conventional region-of-interest analysis. In the present study, we aimed to develop a method to visualize serotonin transporters (SERT) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that hypothalamic SERT binding ratios are different between patients with hypothalamic impairment (HI), pituitary insufficiency (PI), and control subjects (C). METHODS SERT availability was determined in 17 subjects (6 HI, 5 PI, and 6 healthy controls), 2 h after injection of 123I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ([123I]FP-CIT), using single-photon emission computed tomography (performed on a brain-dedicated system) fused with individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain. The hypothalamus (representing specific SERT binding) and cerebellum (representing nonspecific binding) were manually delineated on each MRI to assess [123I]FP-CIT binding and specific-to-nonspecific binding ratios. RESULTS In each healthy subject, [123I]FP-CIT binding was higher in the hypothalamus than in the cerebellum, and the mean hypothalamic binding ratio of SERT was 0.29 ± 0.23. We found no difference in hypothalamic binding ratios between HI, PI, and control subjects (HI 0.16 ± 0.24, PI 0.45 ± 0.39, C 0.29 ± 0.23, p value 0.281). CONCLUSIONS We were able to demonstrate SERT binding in the human hypothalamus in vivo. However, we did not find altered hypothalamic SERT binding in patients with hypothalamic impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register: NTR2520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Borgers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room F5-168, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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13
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Siepel FJ, Rongve A, Buter TC, Beyer MK, Ballard CG, Booij J, Aarsland D. (123I)FP-CIT SPECT in suspected dementia with Lewy bodies: a longitudinal case study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002642. [PMID: 23572198 PMCID: PMC3641475 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known regarding the 'false-negative' or 'false-positive' striatal dopamine transporter binding on SPECT for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We explored the clinical course in patients fulfilling the criteria for clinical DLB with a normal ((123)I)FP-CIT SPECT (ie, SPECT scan negative, clinical features positive (S-CF+)) and patients not fulfilling DLB criteria with an abnormal scan (S+CF-). DESIGN Longitudinal case study over 2-5 years. SETTING Consecutive referrals of patients with mild dementia to dementia clinics in western Norway. PARTICIPANTS 50 patients (27 men and 23 women; mean age at baseline of 74 (range 52-88)) with ((123)I)FP-CIT SPECT images underwent cluster analysis: 20/50 patients allocated to a 'DLB' and 8 to a 'non-DLB' cluster were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Scores on standardised clinical rating scales for hallucinations, parkinsonism, fluctuations, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder and visually rated ((123)I)FP-CIT SPECT. RESULTS During the follow-up period, in the S+CF- group (n=7), frequency and severity of DLB symptoms tended to increase, particularly parkinsonism (7/7) and cognitive fluctuations (7/7), while severity of visual hallucinations and REM sleep behaviour disorder remained stable. The S-CF+ (n=3) fulfilled the operationalised criteria for probable DLB both at baseline and at the end of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that systematic visual analyses of ((123)I)FP-CIT SPECT can detect people with DLB prior to the development of the full clinical syndrome. In addition, the study indicates that some patients fulfilling clinical criteria for probable DLB have a normal scan, and further studies are required to characterise these patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise J Siepel
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Psychiatry, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Tirza C Buter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mona K Beyer
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Clive G Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Centre for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurobiology, Ward sciences and society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fusar-Poli P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Striatal presynaptic dopamine in schizophrenia, Part I: meta-analysis of dopamine active transporter (DAT) density. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:22-32. [PMID: 22282456 PMCID: PMC3523907 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission has been postulated to be fundamental to the emergence of key symptoms of schizophrenia, such as psychotic symptoms, and is targeted by currently available dopaminergic drugs. A specific marker of the integrity of presynaptic dopamine neurons in the striatum, the density of striatal dopamine terminals, can be quantified through molecular neuroimaging of the dopamine active transporter (DAT). However, the currently available results using this approach in schizophrenia are inconsistent. METHODS Thirteen Single Photon Emission Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies investigating DAT density in the striatum of schizophrenic patients and matched controls were included in a quantitative meta-analysis. Binding potentials in the striatum, caudate, and putamen, as well as demographic, clinical, and methodological variables, were extracted from each publication. Hedges' g was used as a measure of effect size. RESULTS The overall database contained 202 subjects with schizophrenia and 147 controls, well matched with respect to sociodemographic variables. Striatal DAT density was not significantly different between patients and controls. Similar negative findings were regionally confirmed in the putamen and caudate. There was no moderating effect for external factors. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis uncovered no evidence indicating altered density of striatal dopamine terminals in schizophrenia. Moreover, striatal DAT density did not seem to be influenced by antipsychotic medication or illness duration. Our data suggest that altered integrity of striatal dopaminergic synapses is not critical for the emergence of schizophrenia or its treatment. These findings should be useful in further refining dopaminergic hypotheses of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Pavese N, Kiferle L, Piccini P. Neuroprotection and imaging studies in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 15 Suppl 4:S33-7. [PMID: 20123554 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most challenging issue when testing putative neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease (PD) in clinical trials is the assessment of the effect of the treatment on the neurodegenerative process. By measuring changes in symptoms severity, clinical rating scales represent an important tool to rate the progression of the disease. However, the rating of clinical symptoms is dependent on the examiner and the neuroprotective effect can be masked by the symptomatic effect of the therapy. 18F-dopa PET and 123I-beta-CIT SPECT have been shown to be able to monitor the progressive loss of presynaptic nigrostriatal projections in PD and have been used as surrogate biomarkers of disease in several recent clinical trials. In this article the value of imaging as a biomarker for testing neuroprotective agents in PD is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pavese
- Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.
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16
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Walker Z, Jaros E, Walker RWH, Lee L, Costa DC, Livingston G, Ince PG, Perry R, McKeith I, Katona CLE. Dementia with Lewy bodies: a comparison of clinical diagnosis, FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography imaging and autopsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:1176-81. [PMID: 17353255 PMCID: PMC2117602 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia. The presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology modifies the clinical features of DLB, making it harder to distinguish DLB from AD clinically during life. Clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB applied at presentation can fail to identify up to 50% of cases. Our aim was to determine, in a series of patients with dementia in whom autopsy confirmation of diagnosis was available, whether functional imaging of the nigrostriatal pathway improves the accuracy of diagnosis compared with diagnosis by means of clinical criteria alone. METHODS A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan was carried out with a dopaminergic presynaptic ligand [123I]-2beta-carbometoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FP-CIT; ioflupane) on a group of patients with a clinical diagnosis of DLB or other dementia. An abnormal scan was defined as one in which right and left posterior putamen binding, measured semiquantitatively, was more than 2 SDs below the mean of the controls. RESULTS Over a 10 year period it was possible to collect 20 patients who had been followed from the time of first assessment and time of scan through to death and subsequent detailed neuropathological autopsy. Eight patients fulfilled neuropathological diagnostic criteria for DLB. Nine patients had AD, mostly with coexisting cerebrovascular disease. Three patients had other diagnoses. The sensitivity of an initial clinical diagnosis of DLB was 75% and specificity was 42%. The sensitivity of the FP-CIT scan for the diagnosis of DLB was 88% and specificity was 100%. CONCLUSION FP-CIT SPECT scans substantially enhanced the accuracy of diagnosis of DLB by comparison with clinical criteria alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Walker
- University College London and Royal Free Hospitals, London, UK.
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17
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Dopamine transporter imaging with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT: potential effects of drugs. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 35:424-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zijlmans J, Evans A, Fontes F, Katzenschlager R, Gacinovic S, Lees AJ, Costa D. [123I] FP-CIT spect study in vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007; 22:1278-85. [PMID: 17486613 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence to support a role for small vessel disease (SVD) as a cause for vascular parkinsonism (VP). Using [(123)I] FP-CIT SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), we have tried to determine whether VP patients have pre-synaptic dopaminergic function similar to PD patients, and whether the severity of parkinsonian symptoms as well as the levodopa response in VP patients are correlated with pre-synaptic dopaminergic dysfunction. Thirteen patients fulfilling operational clinical criteria for VP had [(123)I] FP-CIT scans. Mean [(123)I] FP-CIT uptake in the basal ganglia was significantly lower in VP patients than in healthy controls, and the asymmetry index was not significantly different between these groups. In contrast, compared with the PD group, only the mean asymmetry index was significantly lower in VP patients. None of the parameters measured was significantly different between VP patients who had an insidious onset of parkinsonism (VPi) and those who had an acute onset (VPa). There was a significant correlation between the bilateral basal ganglia FP-CIT uptake reduction in the VP patients and UPDRS motor scores, but not with the mean % reduction in motor UPDRS after levodopa. We suggest that in the majority of VP patients, pre-synaptic dopaminergic function is reduced. The presence of a rather symmetrical FP-CIT uptake in the basal ganglia may help to distinguish VP from PD and could therefore be used as a criterion for the clinical diagnosis of VP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zijlmans
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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Winogrodzka A, Booij J, Wolters EC. Disease-related and drug-induced changes in dopamine transporter expression might undermine the reliability of imaging studies of disease progression in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005; 11:475-84. [PMID: 16257254 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Standard therapeutic interventions are aimed at replenishment of empty dopamine stores with levodopa or substitution with dopamine receptor agonists. However, in the long term this symptomatic therapy fails. Currently, various neuroprotective agents are being developed, with the intention to slow down the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this context, the early identification of persons at risk to develop the disease as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of putative neuroprotective agents, are critical issues. Dopamine transporter (DAT) scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to assess the dopaminergic function in PD. Initial studies with several radioligands show significant loss of DAT binding in PD patients as compared to controls. In this paper we review the evidence on the utility of DAT imaging with SPECT in early PD detection as well as in monitoring neurprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Winogrodzka
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Schillaci O, Pierantozzi M, Filippi L, Manni C, Brusa L, Danieli R, Bernardi G, Simonetti G, Stanzione P. The effect of levodopa therapy on dopamine transporter SPECT imaging with 123I-FP-CIT in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 32:1452-6. [PMID: 16151764 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-005-1922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate, by means of (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT, the effect of chronic treatment with levodopa on striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Fifteen patients under stable levodopa/carbidopa monotherapy were imaged twice: at baseline on medication and after at least 20 days of treatment wash-out. DAT levels were assessed from SPECT imaging for the entire striatum, the right and left striatum, the right and left putamen and the right and left caudate, as a ratio of regional brain activities using the formula: (striatal region of interest-occipital)/occipital. RESULTS During levodopa wash-out, despite a worsening in patients' clinical disability (H&Y mean stage 2.53+/-0.58 versus 1.73+/-0.45 on therapy, p<0.001), striatal( 123)I-FP-CIT levels were not significantly different from those at baseline in any of the brain regions examined. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that levodopa does not affect( 123)I-FP-CIT brain imaging and confirm that it is not necessary to withdraw this medication to measure DAT levels with SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Mien LK, Hoepping A, Viernstein H, Dudczak R, Kletter K. Synthesis and biodistribution of [18F]FE@CIT, a new potential tracer for the dopamine transporter. Synapse 2005; 55:73-9. [PMID: 15529336 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade radiolabeled tropane analogs based on beta-CIT have proven indispensable for the imaging of the dopamine transporter. However, further improvements in their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features are desirable. An important improvement, yielding in higher affinity to the dopamine transporter (DAT) vs. serotonin transporter (SERT), can be achieved by a simple replacement of the carboxylic methyl ester group in beta-CIT by a fluoroethyl ester. The preparation and ex vivo evaluation of this new beta-CIT-analog ([18F]FE@CIT) is presented here. Precursor and standard were prepared from beta-CIT and analyzed by spectroscopic methods. Yields of precursor and standard preparation were 61% and 42%, respectively. [18F]FE@CIT was prepared by distillation of [18F]bromofluoroethane ([18F]BFE) and reaction with (1R-2-exo-3-exo)8-methyl-3-(4-iodo-phenyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane-2-carboxylic acid. After 10 min at 150 degrees C the product was purified using a C-18 SepPak. The radiosynthesis evinced radiochemical yields of >90% (based on [18F]BFE), the specific radioactivity was >416 GBq/micromol. An average 30 microAh cyclotron irradiation yielded more than 2.5 GBq [18F]FE@CIT. For the ex vivo bioevaluation, 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed at 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. Organs were removed, weighed, and counted. For autoradiographic experiments, transverse brain slices of about 100 microm were prepared. The ex vivo evaluation showed highest brain uptake in striatal regions, followed by thalamus and cerebellum. The highest striatum to cerebellum ratio was 3.73 and the highest thalamus to cerebellum ratio was 1.65. Autoradiographic images showed a good and differentiated uptake in striatal regions with a good target-to-background ratio.
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Abstract
Parkinsonism is a feature of various neurodegenerative diseases. Since it is well known that the dopaminergic system plays a major role in parkinsonism, numerous reports have focused on the assessment of the dopaminergic system in vivo. While the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for routine application is still hampered by its limited availability, single photon emission tomography (SPET) has been shown to deliver comparable results to PET in clinical settings. In recent years SPET investigations of the dopamine transporter and of the dopamine D2-like receptors have provided valuable information about the pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic system in parkinsonism. This article briefly reviews the literature dealing with SPET imaging in parkinsonism and specifically addresses the ligands used, the methodology applied, and the current major clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tatsch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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Chouker M, Tatsch K, Linke R, Pogarell O, Hahn K, Schwarz J. Striatal dopamine transporter binding in early to moderately advanced Parkinson's disease: monitoring of disease progression over 2 years. Nucl Med Commun 2001; 22:721-5. [PMID: 11403185 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200106000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of striatal dopamine transporter binding allows differentiation between patients with Parkinson's disease and controls. We investigated the use of this technique to monitor disease progression. We used N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane (IPT) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to determine dopamine transporter function in eight patients with Parkinson's disease Hoehn and Yahr stage I to III over time. Patients were recruited from the movement disorder clinic and were studied at entry and after a follow-up period of 1 and 2 years. Specific striatal IPT binding was measured with a manual region of interest technique. At entry, all patients showed a reduction of striatal IPT uptake of approximately 50% compared to controls, with a mean striatum to background ratio of 3.61 +/- 0.72 (controls, 7.34 +/- 1.18). Putamen to background ratios were initially measured as 2.42 +/- 0.74 and caudate to background ratios as 5.00 +/- 0.73 (controls, 6.46 +/- 1.22 for putamen and 8.58 +/- 1.36 for caudate). Specific striatal IPT binding decreased by a mean of 6.6% in the first year and another 5.3% in the second year. Changes of specific IPT binding over time were similar in caudate and putamen. In patients with clinically asymmetric disease, differences between the rate of decline in the ipsilateral and contralateral sides could not be detected. The findings suggest that IPT SPECT can quantify the reduction of dopamine transporter binding over time. This technique seems to be a useful tool in monitoring the intra-individual progression of dopaminergic cell loss in patients with Parkinson's disease and may help to follow the effects of putative neuroprotective drugs in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chouker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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Lavalaye J, Linszen DH, Booij J, Dingemans PM, Reneman L, Habraken JB, Gersons BP, van Royen EA. Dopamine transporter density in young patients with schizophrenia assessed with [123]FP-CIT SPECT. Schizophr Res 2001; 47:59-67. [PMID: 11163545 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in the dopamine (DA) system are thought to play a major role in schizophrenia. Amphetamine-induced release of endogenous DA is shown to be enhanced in schizophrenia, as is striatal [18F]FDOPA uptake in the striatum. It is not clear if the density of DA neurons is altered in schizophrenia. By studying the DA transporter with [123I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the density of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cells can be studied. Using [123I]FP-CIT SPECT, DA transporter density in the striatum was studied in 36 young patients with schizophrenia. Ten patients were antipsychotic (AP)-naive, 15 were treated with olanzapine, eight with risperidone and three were AP-free. A control group of 10 age-matched volunteers was included. Striatal [123I]FP-CIT binding was not significantly different between AP-naive patients (2.87), patients treated with olanzapine (2.76), patients treated with risperidone (2.76), AP-free patients (2.68) and controls (2.82) (F=0.07,p=0.98). Unexpectedly, striatal [123I]FP-CIT binding in females was significantly higher than in males (3.29 and 2.70, respectively; t=-2.56, p=0.014).Concluding, functional changes in the dopaminergic system in schizophrenia are not likely to be reflected in a change in DA transporter density. Moreover, DA transporter density does not seem to be altered by AP medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lavalaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Tafelbergweg 25, 1105 BC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gaudilliere B, Bernardelli P, Berna P. Chapter 28. To market, to market — 2000. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(01)36068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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