1
|
Wang G, Zhang Z, Zhong K, Wang Z, Yang N, Tang X, Li H, Lu Q, Wu Z, Yuan B, Zheng M, Cheng P, Tong A, Zhou L. CXCL11-armed oncolytic adenoviruses enhance CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy and reprogram tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2023; 31:134-153. [PMID: 36056553 PMCID: PMC9840126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer and urgently requires effective treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy offers a potential treatment method, but it is often hindered by poor infiltration of CAR-T cells in tumors and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we armed an oncolytic adenovirus (oAds) with a chemokine CXCL11 to increase the infiltration of CAR-T cells and reprogram the immunosuppressive TME, thus improving its therapeutic efficacy. In both immunodeficient and immunocompetent orthotopic GBM mice models, we showed that B7H3-targeted CAR-T cells alone failed to inhibit GBM growth but, when combined with the intratumoral administration of CXCL11-armed oAd, it achieved a durable antitumor response. Besides, oAd-CXCL11 had a potent antitumor effect and reprogramed the immunosuppressive TME in GL261 GBM models, in which increased infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and M1-polarized macrophages, while decreased proportions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-polarized macrophages were observed. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of the oAd-CXCL11 was CD8+ T cell dependent. Our findings thus revealed that CXCL11-armed oAd can improve immune-virotherapy and can be a promising adjuvant of CAR-T therapy for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Nian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Boyang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao HF, Cheng CS, Tang J, Li Y, Chen H, Meng ZQ, Chen Z, Chen LY. CXCL9 chemokine promotes the progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma through STAT3-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte suppression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:502-517. [PMID: 31913856 PMCID: PMC6977695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines play essential roles in the progression of various human cancers; however, the expression and role of CXC chemokines in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) have not yet been identified. The aim of this study is to identify the expression patterns, clinical significance and mechanisms of CXC chemokines in regulating tumour microenvironment of PAAD. Three CXC chemokines, including CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10, were significantly overexpressed in PAAD tissues, which were correlated with the poor survival of the patients. CXCL9/10 was associated with change of immune cell pattern in the tumour microenvironment, and supplementation of CXCL9 in the orthotopic murine PAAD model promoted tumour progression. In particular, CXCL9 reduced the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment of PAAD, which could be attributed to the reduced CD8+ T cell proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines. In vitro treatment of CXCL9 directly led to the suppression of the proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines of isolated CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of STAT3 recovered the CXCL9-inhibited proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines of CD8+ T cells. Our study indicates CXCL9 as a potential target of immunotherapy in PAAD treatment by regulating the CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Meng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ecker BL, Kaur A, Douglass SM, Webster MR, Almeida FV, Marino GE, Sinnamon AJ, Neuwirth MG, Alicea GM, Ndoye A, Fane M, Xu X, Sim MS, Deutsch GB, Faries MB, Karakousis GC, Weeraratna AT. Age-Related Changes in HAPLN1 Increase Lymphatic Permeability and Affect Routes of Melanoma Metastasis. Cancer Discov 2018; 9:82-95. [PMID: 30279172 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Older patients with melanoma have lower rates of sentinel lymph node (LN) metastases yet paradoxically have inferior survival. Patient age correlated with an inability to retain Technetium radiotracer during sentinel LN biopsy in more than 1,000 patients, and high Technetium counts correlated to better survival. We hypothesized that loss of integrity in the lymphatic vasculature due to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation might play a role. We have implicated HAPLN1 in age-dependent ECM degradation in the dermis. Here, we queried whether HAPLN1 could be altered in the lymphatic ECM. Lymphatic HAPLN1 expression was prognostic of long-term patient survival. Adding recombinant HAPLN1 to aged fibroblast ECMs in vitro reduced endothelial permeability via modulation of VE-cadherin junctions, whereas endothelial permeability was increased following HAPLN1 knockdown in young fibroblasts. In vivo, reconstitution of HAPLN1 in aged mice increased the number of LN metastases, but reduced visceral metastases. These data suggest that age-related changes in ECM can contribute to impaired lymphatics. SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies reveal that changes in the stroma during aging may influence the way tumor cells traffic through the lymphatic vasculature. Aging may dictate the route of metastatic dissemination of tumor cells, and understanding these changes may help to reveal targetable moieties in the aging tumor microenvironment.See related commentary by Marie and Merlino, p. 19.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett L Ecker
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Gloria E Marino
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Sinnamon
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madalyn G Neuwirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gretchen M Alicea
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abibatou Ndoye
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Mark B Faries
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee NH, Nikfarjam M, He H. Functions of the CXC ligand family in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Pancreatology 2018; 18:705-716. [PMID: 30078614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is the major contributor to the poor prognosis of and low survival from pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer progression is a complex process reliant on interactions between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Members of the CXCL family of chemokines are present in the pancreatic TME and seem to play a vital role in regulating PC progression. As pancreatic tumors interact with the TME and with PC stem cells (CSCs), determining the roles of specific members of the CXCL family is vital to the development of improved therapies. This review highlights the roles of selected CXCLs in the interactions between pancreatic tumor and its stroma, and in CSC phenotypes, which can be used to identify potential treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Hung Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grenga I, Donahue RN, Gargulak ML, Lepone LM, Roselli M, Bilusic M, Schlom J. Anti-PD-L1/TGFβR2 (M7824) fusion protein induces immunogenic modulation of human urothelial carcinoma cell lines, rendering them more susceptible to immune-mediated recognition and lysis. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:93.e1-93.e11. [PMID: 29103968 PMCID: PMC5835162 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avelumab has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the therapy of Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. M7824 is a novel first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein comprising a monoclonal antibody against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, avelumab), fused to the extracellular domain of human transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor 2, which functions as a TGFβ "trap." Advanced urothelial tumors have been shown to express TGFβ, which possesses immunosuppressive properties that promote cancer progression and metastasis. The rationale for a combined molecule is to block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction between tumor cells and immune cell infiltrate and simultaneously reduce or eliminate TGFβ from the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we explored the effect of M7824 on invasive urothelial carcinoma cell lines. METHODS Human urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma cell lines HTB-4, HTB-1, and HTB-5 were treated with M7824, M7824mut (M7824 that is mutated in the anti-PD-L1 portion of the molecule and thus does not bind PD-L1), anti-PD-L1 (avelumab), or IgG1 isotype control monoclonal antibody, and were assessed for gene expression, cell-surface phenotype, and sensitivity to lysis by TRAIL, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. RESULTS M7824 retains the ability to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of tumor cells, although in some cases to a lesser extent than anti-PD-L1. However, compared to anti-PD-L1, M7824 increases (A) gene expression of molecules involved in T-cell trafficking in the tumor (e.g., CXCL11), (B) TRAIL-mediated tumor cell lysis, and (C) antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell-mediated lysis of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the immunomodulatory properties of M7824 on both tumor cell phenotype and immune-mediated lysis. Compared to anti-PD-L1 or M7824mut, M7824 induces immunogenic modulation of urothelial carcinoma cell lines, rendering them more susceptible to immune-mediated recognition and lysis. These findings show the relevance of the dual blockade of PD-L1 and TGFβ in urothelial carcinoma cell lines and thus support the rationale for future clinical studies of M7824 in patients with urothelial cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/therapeutic use
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Urologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Urologic Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Italia Grenga
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Morgan L Gargulak
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lauren M Lepone
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roselli
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marijo Bilusic
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moon EK, Wang LCS, Bekdache K, Lynn RC, Lo A, Thorne SH, Albelda SM. Intra-tumoral delivery of CXCL11 via a vaccinia virus, but not by modified T cells, enhances the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy and vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1395997. [PMID: 29399394 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1395997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell trafficking into tumors depends on a "match" between chemokine receptors on effector cells (e.g., CXCR3 and CCR5) and tumor-secreted chemokines. There is often a chemokine/chemokine receptor "mismatch", with tumors producing minute amounts of chemokines, resulting in inefficient targeting of effectors to tumors. We aimed to alter tumors to produce higher levels of CXCL11, a CXCR3 ligand, to attract more effector cells following immunotherapy. Mice bearing established subcutaneous tumors were studied. In our first approach, we used modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced human T cells to deliver CXCL11 (CAR/CXCL11) into tumors. In our second approach, we intravenously (iv) administered a modified oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) engineered to produce CXCL11 (VV.CXCL11). The effect of these treatments on T cell trafficking into the tumors and anti-tumor efficacy after subsequent CAR T cell injections or anti-tumor vaccines was determined. CAR/CXCL11 and VV.CXCL11 significantly increased CXCL11 protein levels within tumors. For CAR/CXCL11, injection of a subsequent dose of CAR T cells did not result in increased intra-tumoral trafficking, and appeared to decrease the function of the injected CAR T cells. In contrast, VV.CXCL11 increased the number of total and antigen-specific T cells within tumors after CAR T cell injection or vaccination and significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. Both approaches were successful in increasing CXCL11 levels within the tumors; however, only the vaccinia approach was successful in recruiting T cells and augmenting anti-tumor efficacy. VV.CXCL11 should be considered as a potential approach to augment adoptive T cell transfer or vaccine immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K Moon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liang-Chuan S Wang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,current address: Preclinical Pharmacology, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Kheng Bekdache
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel C Lynn
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen H Thorne
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Francis L, Guo ZS, Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Urban JA, Sathaiah M, Magge D, Kalinski P, Bartlett DL. Modulation of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment enhances oncolytic virotherapy for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22174-85. [PMID: 26956047 PMCID: PMC5008353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An oncolytic poxvirus such as vvDD-CXCL11 can generate potent systemic antitumor immunity as well as targeted oncolysis, yet the antitumor effect is limited probably due to limited homing to and suppressed activity of tumor-specific adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We reasoned that a chemokine modulating (CKM) drug cocktail, consisting of IFN-α, poly I:C, and a COX-2 inhibitor, may skew the chemokine (CK) and cytokine profile into a favorable one in the TME, and this pharmaceutical modulation would enhance both the trafficking into and function of antitumor immune cells in the TME, thus increasing therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic virus. In this study we show for the first time in vivo that the CKM modulates the CK microenvironment but it does not modulate antitumor immunity by itself in a MC38 colon cancer model. Sequential treatment with the virus and then CKM results in the upregulation of Th1-attracting CKs and reduction of Treg-attracting CKs (CCL22 and CXCL12), concurrent with enhanced trafficking of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells into the TME, thus resulting in the most significant antitumor activity and long term survival of tumor-bearing mice. This novel combined regimen, with the oncolytic virus (vvDD-CXCL11) inducing direct oncolysis and eliciting potent antitumor immunity, and the CKM inducing a favorable chemokine profile in the TME that promotes the trafficking and function of antitumor Tc1/Th1 and NK cells, may have great utility for oncolytic immunotherapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Francis
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Urban
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magesh Sathaiah
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kistner L, Doll D, Holtorf A, Nitsche U, Janssen KP. Interferon-inducible CXC-chemokines are crucial immune modulators and survival predictors in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89998-90012. [PMID: 29163806 PMCID: PMC5685727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T-cells are strongly associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms governing intratumoral lymphocyte recruitment are unclear. We investigated the clinical relevance and functional contribution of interferon-regulated CXC-chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, described as T-cells attractants. Their expression was significantly elevated in tumors as compared to normal colon in 163 patients with colon cancer, represented an independent positive predictor of post-operative survival, and was highly significantly correlated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ TH1-effector cells. The regulation of chemokine expression was investigated in established cell lines and in tissue explants from resected tumor specimen (n=22). All colorectal cancer cell lines tested, as well as stroma or endothelial cells, produced CXC-chemokines in response to cytokine stimulation. Moreover, resected tumor explants could be stimulated to produce CXC-chemokines, even in cases with initially low CXC-levels. Lastly, a causative role of chemokine expression was evaluated with an orthotopic mouse model, based on isogenic rectal CT26 cancer cells, engineered to express CXCL10. The orthotopic model demonstrated a protective and anti-metastatic role of intratumoral CXCL10 expression, mediated mainly by adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kistner
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Doll
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany.,Current/Present Address: St. Marienhospital Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Anne Holtorf
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Li J, Kalinski P, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. CXCL11-Armed oncolytic poxvirus elicits potent antitumor immunity and shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1091554. [PMID: 27141352 PMCID: PMC4839379 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have armed a tumor-selective oncolytic vaccinia virus (vvDD) with the chemokine (CK) CXCL11, in order to enhance its ability to attract CXCR3+ antitumor CTLs and possibly NK cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improve its therapeutic efficacy. As expected, vvDD-CXCL11 attracted high numbers of tumor-specific T cells to the TME in a murine AB12 mesothelioma model. Intratumoral virus-directed CXCL11 expression enhanced local numbers of CD8+ CTLs and levels of granzyme B, while reducing expression of several suppressive molecules, TGF-β, COX2, and CCL22 in the TME. Unexpectedly, we observed that vvDD-CXCL11, but not parental vvDD, induced a systemic increase in tumor-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells in the spleen and other lymph organs, indicating the induction of systemic antitumor immunity. This effect was associated with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and a survival benefit in tumor-bearing mice treated with vvDD-CXCL11, mediated by CD8+ T cells and IFNγ, but not CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that intratumoral expression of CXCL11, in addition to promoting local trafficking of T cells and to a lesser extent NK cells, has a novel function as a factor eliciting systemic immunity to cancer-associated antigens. Our data provide a rationale for expressing CXCL11 to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses (OVs) and cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z Sheng Guo
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Madhavan S, Gusev Y, Natarajan TG, Song L, Bhuvaneshwar K, Gauba R, Pandey A, Haddad BR, Goerlitz D, Cheema AK, Juhl H, Kallakury B, Marshall JL, Byers SW, Weiner LM. Genome-wide multi-omics profiling of colorectal cancer identifies immune determinants strongly associated with relapse. Front Genet 2013; 4:236. [PMID: 24312117 PMCID: PMC3834519 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy to treat stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is not well understood since the majority of these patients are cured by surgery alone. Identification of biological markers of relapse is a critical challenge to effectively target treatments to the ~20% of patients destined to relapse. We have integrated molecular profiling results of several “omics” data types to determine the most reliable prognostic biomarkers for relapse in CRC using data from 40 stage I and II CRC patients. We identified 31 multi-omics features that highly correlate with relapse. The data types were integrated using multi-step analytical approach with consecutive elimination of redundant molecular features. For each data type a systems biology analysis was performed to identify pathways biological processes and disease categories most affected in relapse. The biomarkers detected in tumors urine and blood of patients indicated a strong association with immune processes including aberrant regulation of T-cell and B-cell activation that could lead to overall differences in lymphocyte recruitment for tumor infiltration and markers indicating likelihood of future relapse. The immune response was the biologically most coherent signature that emerged from our analyses among several other biological processes and corroborates other studies showing a strong immune response in patients less likely to relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subha Madhavan
- Department of Oncology, Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA ; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Davis C, Ryan J, Janney C, Peña MMO. Development and characterization of a reliable mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:903-18. [PMID: 23748471 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States (American Cancer Society, Cancer facts and figures 2012, 20121). The major cause of death is metastasis and frequently, the target organ is the liver. Successful metastasis depends on acquired properties in cancer cells that promote invasion and migration, and on multiple interactions between tumors and host-derived cells in the microenvironment. These processes, however, occur asymptomatically, thus, metastasis remains poorly understood and often diagnosed only at the final stage. To facilitate the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying these processes and to identify the molecular regulators, particularly at the early stages, we developed a mouse model of hepatic metastasis of CRC by cecal implantation of a mouse adenocarcinoma cell line in an immune competent host that reliably recapitulates all steps of tumor growth and metastasis within a defined period. By in vivo selection, we isolated cells of varying metastatic potential. The most highly metastatic CT26-FL3 cells produced liver metastasis as early as 10 days after implantation in 90 % of host mice. These cells expressed elevated levels of genes whose products promote invasion, migration, and mobilization of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs). Mice bearing tumors from CT26-FL3 had elevated serum levels of OPN, MMP9, S100A8, S100A9, SAA3, and VEGFA that promote invasion and BMDC mobilization, and showed enhanced BMDC recruitment to the liver where they established a pre-metastatic niche. This model provides an important platform to characterize metastatic cells and elucidate tumor-host interactions and mechanisms that drive liver metastasis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors have a multifaceted role in tumor biology and are implicated in nearly all aspects of cancer growth, survival and dissemination. Modulation of the interaction between chemokines and their cell surface receptor is, therefore, a promising area for the development of new cancer medicines. In this review, we look at the compelling evidence that is emerging to support targeting CXC chemokines, also known as family α chemokines, as novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Verbeke H, Struyf S, Laureys G, Van Damme J. The expression and role of CXC chemokines in colorectal cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:345-58. [PMID: 22000992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease world-wide and colorectal cancer is the second common cause of cancer mortality. The interaction between tumor cells and stromal cells plays a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression and is partially mediated by chemokines. Chemokines predominantly participate in the chemoattraction of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. Nowadays, it is clear that CXC chemokines and their receptors (CXCR) may also modulate tumor behavior by several important mechanisms: regulation of angiogenesis, activation of a tumor-specific immune response by attracting leukocytes, stimulation of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Here, we review the expression and complex roles of CXC chemokines (CXCL1 to CXCL16) and their receptors (CXCR1 to CXCR6) in colorectal cancer. Overall, increased expression levels of CXC chemokines correlate with poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannelien Verbeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kolokythas A, Miloro M, Zhou X. Review of MicroRNA Proposed Target Genes in Oral Cancer. Part II. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2011; 2:e2. [PMID: 24421989 PMCID: PMC3886061 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2011.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cancer is the product of alterations in oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes
and most recently microRNA genes not as a single event or single change but
rather as a multistep process. The role of microRNA genes in carcinogenesis
is recently explored and appears to be an early event in the pathogenesis of
this as well as other disease processes and occurs via gene regulation by
their own products, the microRNAs. The purpose of this article was to review
the literature concerning MicroRNA proposed target genes in oral cancer. Material and Methods A review of the available literature from 2000 to 2011 regarding the
potential roles assumed by microRNAs in oral cancer was undertaken using
PubMed, Medline, Scholar Google and Scopus. Keywords for the search were:
microRNA and oral cancer and target genes, microRNA deregulation and oral
cancer, microRNA and carcinogenesis in the head and neck/oral cavity.
English language full length articles were reviewed. Results Several microRNAs deregulated in oral cancer have been functionally validated
and their exact target genes have been identified. Furthermore the
carcinogenesis pathways impacted by these alterations has been proposed for
some of these microRNAs. Conclusions The expanding knowledge of specific roles of certain microRNAs is further
contributing to our understanding of the complexity of tumour progression
and behaviour. Consideration of this information and incorporation into
treatment modalities through targeted therapy could potentially enhance our
abilities to improve outcome especially when other established therapies
have failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kolokythas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago USA. ; Center of Molecular Biology and Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA. ; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Michael Miloro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Center of Molecular Biology and Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA. ; Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berencsi K, Rani P, Zhang T, Gross L, Mastrangelo M, Meropol NJ, Herlyn D, Somasundaram R. In vitro migration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte derived from a colon carcinoma patient is dependent on CCL2 and CCR2. J Transl Med 2011; 9:33. [PMID: 21450101 PMCID: PMC3076246 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infiltration of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) with T-cells has been associated with good prognosis. There are some indications that chemokines could be involved in T-cell infiltration of tumors. Selective modulation of chemokine activity at the tumor site could attract immune cells resulting in tumor growth inhibition. In mouse tumor model systems, gene therapy with chemokines or administration of antibody (Ab)-chemokine fusion proteins have provided potent immune mediated tumor rejection which was mediated by infiltrating T cells at the tumor site. To develop such immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer patients, one must identify chemokines and their receptors involved in T-cell migration toward tumor cells. Methods To identify chemokine and chemokine receptors involved in T-cell migration toward CRC cells, we have used our previously published three-dimensional organotypic CRC culture system. Organotypic culture was initiated with a layer of fetal fibroblast cells mixed with collagen matrix in a 24 well tissue culture plate. A layer of CRC cells was placed on top of the fibroblast-collagen layer which was followed by a separating layer of fibroblasts in collagen matrix. Anti-CRC specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) mixed with fibroblasts in collagen matrix were placed on top of the separating layer. Excess chemokine ligand (CCL) or Abs to chemokine or chemokine receptor (CCR) were used in migration inhibition assays to identify the chemokine and the receptor involved in CTL migration. Results Inclusion of excess CCL2 in T-cell layer or Ab to CCL2 in separating layer of collagen fibroblasts blocked the migration of CTLs toward tumor cells and in turn significantly inhibited tumor cell apoptosis. Also, Ab to CCR2 in the separating layer of collagen and fibroblasts blocked the migration of CTLs toward tumor cells and subsequently inhibited tumor cell apoptosis. Expression of CCR2 in four additional CRC patients' lymphocytes isolated from infiltrating tumor tissues suggests their role in migration in other CRC patients. Conclusions Our data suggest that CCL2 secreted by tumor cells and CCR2 receptors on CTLs are involved in migration of CTLs towards tumor. Gene therapy of tumor cells with CCL2 or CCL2/anti-tumor Ab fusion proteins may attract CTLs that potentially could inhibit tumor growth.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang S, Wang B, Guan C, Wu B, Cai C, Wang M, Zhang B, Liu T, Yang P. Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells promote development of cancer-initiating cells in colorectal cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:85-91. [PMID: 20952660 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0910506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of CRC remains to be further understood. This study was designed to elucidate the role of Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells in the pathogenesis of CRC. Surgically removed CRC tissue was collected from 12 patients with CRC. The frequency and cytokine profile of Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells in CRC were examined by flow cytometry. Chemokine CXCL11 was examined in CRC tissue by Western blotting. Treg chemotaxis was examined in a transwell system. The effect of Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells on induction of cancer-initiating cells was examined; the latter's Akt and MAPK activities and colony formation were examined afterward. Abundant Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells were detected in CRC tissue that expresses high levels of TGF-β, CXCR3, CCR6, and RORγt. High levels of CXCL11 were detected in CRC tissue-derived CD68+ cells, which had a strong chemotactic effect on Foxp3+ Tregs. Hypoxia induced the expression of IL-17 in Foxp3+ Tregs; Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells were capable of inducing CRC-associated cell markers in BMMo and drove the cells to be cancer-initiating cells. High levels of phosphorylated Akt and MAPK were detected in the induced cancer-initiation cells; the latter has the capability to form a colony. CRC tissue-derived Foxp3+IL-17+ cells have the capacity to induce cancer-initiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology (South Building), China PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morandi F, Ferretti E, Bocca P, Prigione I, Raffaghello L, Pistoia V. A novel mechanism of soluble HLA-G mediated immune modulation: downregulation of T cell chemokine receptor expression and impairment of chemotaxis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11763. [PMID: 20668702 PMCID: PMC2909260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, many immunoregulatory functions have been ascribed to soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G). Since chemotaxis is crucial for an efficient immune response, we have investigated for the first time the effects of sHLA-G on chemokine receptor expression and function in different human T cell populations. Methodology/Principal Findings T cell populations isolated from peripheral blood were stimulated in the presence or absence of sHLA-G. Chemokine receptors expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. sHLA-G downregulated expression of i) CCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR5 in CD4+ T cells, ii) CXCR3 in CD8+ T cells, iii) CXCR3 in Th1 clones iv) CXCR3 in TCR Vδ2γ9 T cells, and upregulated CXCR4 expression in TCR Vδ2γ9 T cells. sHLA-G inhibited in vitro chemotaxis of i) CD4+ T cells towards CCL2, CCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL11, ii) CD8+ T cells towards CXCL10 and CXCL11, iii) Th1 clones towards CXCL10, and iv) TCR Vδ2γ9 T cells towards CXCL10 and CXCL11. Downregulation of CXCR3 expression on CD4+ T cells by sHLA-G was partially reverted by adding a blocking antibody against ILT2/CD85j, a receptor for sHLA-G, suggesting that sHLA-G downregulated chemokine receptor expression mainly through the interaction with ILT2/CD85j. Follicular helper T cells (TFH) were isolated from human tonsils and stimulated as described above. sHLA-G impaired CXCR5 expression in TFH and chemotaxis of the latter cells towards CXCL13. Moreover, sHLA-G expression was detected in tonsils by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a role of sHLA-G in local control of TFH cell chemotaxis. Intracellular pathways were investigated by Western Blot analysis on total extracts from CD4+ T cells. Phosphorylation of Stat5, p70 s6k, β-arrestin and SHP2 was modulated by sHLA-G treatment. Conclusions/Significance Our data demonstrated that sHLA-G impairs expression and functionality of different chemokine receptors in T cells. These findings delineate a novel mechanism whereby sHLA-G modulates T cell recruitment in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Henson BJ, Bhattacharjee S, O'Dee DM, Feingold E, Gollin SM. Decreased expression of miR-125b and miR-100 in oral cancer cells contributes to malignancy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:569-82. [PMID: 19396866 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been observed in numerous malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their role in disease is not entirely clear. Several genetic aberrations are characteristic of OSCC, with amplification of chromosomal band 11q13 and loss of distal 11q being among the most prevalent. It is not known if the expression levels of miRNAs in these regions are altered or whether they play a role in disease. We hypothesize that the expression of miRNAs mapping to 11q are altered in OSCC because of loss or amplification of chromosomal material, and that this contributes to the development and progression of OSCC. We found that miR-125b and miR-100 are down-regulated in OSCC tumor and cell lines, and that transfecting cells with exogenous miR-125b and miR-100 significantly reduced cell proliferation and modified the expression of target and nontarget genes, including some that are overexpressed in radioresistant OSCC cells. In conclusion, the down-regulation of miR-125b and miR-100 in OSCC appears to play an important role in the development and/or progression of disease and may contribute to the loss of sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Henson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chemokines and cancer: migration, intracellular signalling and intercellular communication in the microenvironment. Biochem J 2008; 409:635-49. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate chemokine/receptor expression or regulation is linked to many diseases, especially those characterized by an excessive cellular infiltrate, such as rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. There is now overwhelming evidence that chemokines are also involved in the progression of cancer, where they function in several capacities. First, specific chemokine–receptor pairs are involved in tumour metastasis. This is not surprising, in view of their role as chemoattractants in cell migration. Secondly, chemokines help to shape the tumour microenvironment, often in favour of tumour growth and metastasis, by recruitment of leucocytes and activation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokine receptor signalling also contributes to survival and proliferation, which may be particularly important for metastasized cells to adapt to foreign environments. However, there is considerable diversity and complexity in the chemokine network, both at the chemokine/receptor level and in the downstream signalling pathways they couple into, which may be key to a better understanding of how and why particular chemokines contribute to cancer growth and metastasis. Further investigation into these areas may identify targets that, if inhibited, could render cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zipin-Roitman A, Meshel T, Sagi-Assif O, Shalmon B, Avivi C, Pfeffer RM, Witz IP, Ben-Baruch A. CXCL10 promotes invasion-related properties in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:3396-405. [PMID: 17409450 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CXCL10 was recently shown to exert antimalignancy functions by influencing the tumor microenvironment. Here, we have taken a different approach, investigating the effects of CXCL10 directly on tumor-promoting functions in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. CXCL10 expression was detected in preferred metastatic sites of CRC (liver, lungs, and lymph nodes), and its CXCR3 receptor was expressed by eight CRC cell lines (detected: reverse transcription-PCR and/or flow cytometry). Detailed analysis was done on two cell lines derived from primary CRC tumors (SW480, KM12C) and their metastatic descendents (SW620 and KM12SM). The three known variants of CXCR3 (CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B, and CXCR3-alt) were detected in all four cell lines. CXCR3 expression was also observed on colorectal tumor cells in biopsies of CRC patients (immunohistochemistry). CXCL10 and CXCR3 expression were potently induced in CRC cells by Interferon gamma and all four CRC cell lines responded to CXCL10 by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 dephosphorylation. The chemokine did not affect tumor cell growth or angiogenesis-related functions in the tumor cells, such as CXCL8 and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Importantly, CXCL10 significantly up-regulated invasion-related properties in CRC cells: It promoted matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and induced CRC cell migration. Of note, CXCL10-induced migration was detected only in the two metastatic cells and not in their primary counterparts. Also, CXCL10 promoted the adhesion of metastatic cells to laminin. These results suggest that CXCL10 can be exploited by CRC cells toward their progression, thus possibly antagonizing the antimalignancy effects of the chemokine on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, care should be taken when considering CXCL10 as a therapeutic antitumor modality for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Zipin-Roitman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|