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Chao B, Jiao J, Yang L, Wang Y, Yu T, Liu H, Zhang H, Li M, Wang W, Cui X, Du S, Wang Z, Wu M. Comprehensive evaluation and advanced modification of polymethylmethacrylate cement in bone tumor treatment. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9369-9385. [PMID: 37712890 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone tumors are invasive diseases with a tendency toward recurrence, disability, and high mortality rates due to their grievous complications. As a commercial polymeric biomaterial, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement possesses remarkable mechanical properties, injectability, and plasticity and is, therefore, frequently applied in bone tissue engineering. Numerous positive effects in bone tumor treatment have been demonstrated, including biomechanical stabilization, analgesic effects, and tumor recurrence prevention. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation of the application of the PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment has not yet been reported. This review comprehensively evaluates the efficiency and complications of the PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment, for the first time, and introduces advanced modification strategies, providing an objective and reliable reference for the application of the PMMA cement in treating bone tumors. We have also summarized the current research on modifications to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of the PMMA cement, such as drug carriers and magnetic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chao
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Yu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Mufeng Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangran Cui
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Shangyu Du
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Minfei Wu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
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Allogeneic Bone Impregnated with Biodegradable Depot Delivery Systems for the Local Treatment of Joint Replacement Infections: An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196487. [PMID: 36235024 PMCID: PMC9571001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress is evident in the effective treatment of joint replacement-related infections, it still remains a serious issue in orthopedics. As an example, the local application of antibiotics-impregnated bone grafts supplies the high drug levels without systemic side effects. However, antibiotics in the powder or solution form could be a risk for local toxicity and do not allow sustained drug release. The present study evaluated the use of an antibiotic gel, a water-in-oil emulsion, and a PLGA microparticulate solid dispersion as depot delivery systems impregnating bone grafts for the treatment of joint replacement-related infections. The results of rheological and bioadhesive tests revealed the suitability of these formulations for the impregnation of bone grafts. Moreover, no negative effect on proliferation and viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected. An ex vivo dissolution test of vancomycin hydrochloride and gentamicin sulphate from the impregnated bone grafts showed a reduced burst and prolonged drug release. The PLGA-based formulation proved to be particularly promising, as one-day burst release drugs was only 15% followed with sustained antibiotics release with zero-order kinetics. The results of this study will be the basis for the development of a new product in the Tissue Section of the University Hospital for the treatment of bone defects and infections of joint replacements.
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Rifampicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for local treatment of musculoskeletal infections: Formulation and characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wekwejt M, Chen S, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Nadolska M, Łukowicz K, Pałubicka A, Michno A, Osyczka AM, Michálek M, Zieliński A. Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement doped with different bioactive glasses - evaluation of cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical properties. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3112-3126. [PMID: 33704333 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement (BC-AgNp) is a novel cement developed as a replacement for conventional cements. Despite its favorable properties and antibacterial activity, BC-AgNp still lacks biodegradability and bioactivity. Hence, we investigated doping with bioactive glasses (BGs) to create a new bioactive BC characterized by time-varying porosity and gradual release of AgNp. The BC Cemex was used as the base material and modified simultaneously with the AgNp and BGs: melted 45S5 and 13-93B3 glasses with various particle sizes and sol-gel derived SiO2/CaO microparticles. The effect of BG addition was examined by microscopic analysis, an assessment of setting parameters, wettability, FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and hemo- and cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency studies. The results show that it is possible to incorporate various BGs into BC-AgNp, which leads to different properties depending on the type and size of BGs. The smaller particles of melted BGs showed higher porosity and better antibacterial properties with the moderate deterioration of mechanical properties. The sol-gel derived BGs, however, displayed a tendency for agglomeration and random distribution in BC-AgNp. The BGs with greater solubility more efficiently improve the antibacterial properties of BC-AgNp. Besides, the unreacted MMA monomer release could negatively influence the cellular response. Despite that, cements doped with different BGs are suitable for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wekwejt
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - S Chen
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - B Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Nadolska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Łukowicz
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Pałubicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - A Michno
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A M Osyczka
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Michálek
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - A Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Phull SS, Yazdi AR, Ghert M, Towler MR. Bone cement as a local chemotherapeutic drug delivery carrier in orthopedic oncology: A review. J Bone Oncol 2021; 26:100345. [PMID: 33552885 PMCID: PMC7856326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone lesions are common among patients with advanced cancers. While chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be prescribed immediately after diagnosis, the majority of severe metastatic bone lesions are treated by reconstructive surgery, which, in some cases, is followed by postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, despite recent advancements in orthopedic surgery, patients undergoing reconstruction still have the risk of developing severe complications such as tumor recurrence and reconstruction failure. This has led to the introduction and evaluation of poly (methyl methacrylate) and inorganic bone cements as local carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs (usually, antineoplastic drugs (ANPDs)). The present work is a critical review of the literature on the potential use of these cements in orthopedic oncology. While several studies have demonstrated the benefits of providing high local drug concentrations while minimizing systemic side effects, only six studies have been conducted to assess the local toxic effect of these drug-loaded cements and they all reported negative effects on healthy bone structure. These findings do not close the door on chemotherapeutic bone cements; rather, they should assist in materials selection when designing future materials for the treatment of metastatic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeev S. Phull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alireza Rahimnejad Yazdi
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ghert
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton L8V 5C2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R. Towler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
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Wekwejt M, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Bartmański M, Nadolska M, Łukowicz K, Pałubicka A, Osyczka AM, Zieliński A. Influence of several biodegradable components added to pure and nanosilver-doped PMMA bone cements on its biological and mechanical properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111286. [PMID: 32919647 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic bone cements (BC) are wildly used in medicine. Despite favorable mechanical properties, processability and inject capability, BC lack bioactivity. To overcome this, we investigated the effects of selected biodegradable additives to create a partially-degradable BC and also we evaluated its combination with nanosilver (AgNp). We hypothesized that using above strategies it would be possible to obtain bioactive BC. The Cemex was used as the base material, modified at 2.5, 5 or 10 wt% with either cellulose, chitosan, magnesium, polydioxanone or tricalcium-phosphate. The resulted modified BC was examined for surface morphology, wettability, porosity, mechanical and nanomechanical properties and cytocompatibility. The composite BC doped with AgNp was also examined for its release and antibacterial properties. The results showed that it is possible to create modified cement and all studied modifiers increased its porosity. Applying the additives slightly decreased BC wettability and mechanical properties, but the positive effect of the additives was observed in nanomechanical research. The relatively poor cytocompatibility of modified BC was attributed to the unreacted monomer release, except for polydioxanone modification which increased cells viability. Furthermore, all additives facilitated AgNp release and increased BC antibacterial effectiveness. Our present studies suggest the optimal content of biodegradable component for BC is 5 wt%. At this content, an improvement in BC porosity is achieved without significant deterioration of BC physical and mechanical properties. Polydioxanone and cellulose seem to be the most promising additives that improve porosity and antibacterial properties of antibiotic or nanosilver-loaded BC. Partially-degradable BC may be a good strategy to improve their antibacterial effectiveness, but some caution is still required regarding their cytocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of bone cement bioactivity is the main limitation of its effectiveness in medicine. To overcome this, we have created composite cements with partially-degradable properties. We also modified these cements with nanosilver to provide antibacterial properties. We examined five various additives at three different contents to modify a selected bone cement. Our results broaden the knowledge about potential modifiers and properties of composite cements. We selected the optimal content and the most promising additives, and showed that the combination of these additives with nanosilver would increase cements` antibacterial effectiveness. Such modified cements may be a new solution for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wekwejt
- Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - M Michalska-Sionkowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Bartmański
- Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Nadolska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Łukowicz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Pałubicka
- Department of Surgical Oncologic, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - A M Osyczka
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Zieliński
- Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent that kills cancer cells by binding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) as a competitive inhibitor. Due to its non-selectivity, MTX also impairs normal (non-cancerous) cell function and causes long-term damage to healthy tissue. These consequences have been investigated extensively in bone-derived cells due to their sensitivity to the drug. While DHFR likely plays a role in normal cell response to MTX, research in this area is limited. Moreover, how MTX sensitivity differs among cell types responsible for maintaining connective tissues is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of DHFR and subsequent nucleotide synthesis in normal cell response to MTX. We also sought to compare adverse effects of MTX among normal cell types to identify sensitive populations and resistant cell sources for regenerative procedures targeting patients undergoing chemotherapy. DHFR overexpression or exogenous amino acid + nucleoside delivery rescued normal cells from adverse MTX effects. Conversely, DHFR knockdown impaired MTX-treated adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) osteogenesis. Proliferation of ASCs and bone marrow stem cells was more resistant to MTX than that of terminally differentiated osteoblasts. However, stem cells became susceptible to the drug after beginning differentiation. These results suggest that the ability of stem cells to survive and to maintain their surrounding tissues likely depends on whether they are in a "stem" state when exposed to MTX. Therapeutic strategies that delay the differentiation of stem cells until clearance of the drug may produce more favorable outcomes in the long-term health of treated tissues.
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Kucera T, Ryskova L, Soukup T, Malakova J, Cermakova E, Mericka P, Suchanek J, Sponer P. Elution kinetics of vancomycin and gentamicin from carriers and their effects on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: an in vitro study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:381. [PMID: 28865450 PMCID: PMC5581458 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal infections remain a major complication in orthopedic surgery. The local delivery of antibiotics provides the high levels required to treat an infection without systemic toxicity. However, the local toxicity of antibiotic carriers to the mesenchymal stem cells, as a result of both the peak concentrations and the type of carrier, may be significant. METHODS To address this concern, the elution kinetics of vancomycin and gentamicin from several commercially available antibiotic carriers and several carriers impregnated by a surgeon (10 ml of each sterile carrier were manually mixed with a 500 mg vancomycin and an 80 mg gentamicin solution, and the duration of impregnation was 30 min) were assessed. Moreover, the effects of these antibiotic carriers on stem cell proliferation were investigated. The following two types of stem cells were used: bone marrow and dental pulp stem cells. RESULTS The high eluted initial concentrations from antibiotic impregnated cancellous allogeneic bone grafts (which may be increased with the addition of fibrin glue) did not adversely affect stem cell proliferation. Moreover, an increased dental pulp stem cell proliferation rate in the presence of antibiotics was identified. In contrast to allogeneic bone grafts, a significant amount of antibiotics remained in the cement. Despite the favorable elution kinetics, the calcium carriers, bovine collagen carrier and freeze-dried bone exhibited decreased stem cell proliferation activity even in lower antibiotic concentrations compared with an allogeneic graft. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the benefits of antibiotic impregnated cancellous allogeneic bone grafts versus other carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kucera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Ryskova
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Soukup
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malakova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cermakova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mericka
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Suchanek
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sponer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most commonly used disease modifying drugs administered for wide spectrum of conditions. Through the expansion of the indications of MTX use, an increasing number of patients nowadays attend orthopaedic departments receiving this pharmacological agent. The aim of this manuscript is to present our current understanding on the effect of MTX on bone and wound healing. Areas covered: The authors offer a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the experimental and clinical studies analysing the effect of MTX on bone and wound healing. The authors also analyse the available literature and describe the incidence of complications after elective orthopaedic surgery in patients receiving MTX. Expert opinion: The available experimental data and clinical evidence are rather inadequate to allow any safe scientific conclusions on the effect of MTX on bone healing. Regarding wound healing, in vitro and experimental animal studies suggest that MTX can adversely affect wound healing, whilst the clinical studies show that lose-dose MTX is safe and does not affect the incidence of postoperative wound complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- a Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine , University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- a Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine , University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom.,b NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit , Chapel Allerton Hospital , Leeds , UK
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Liu BM, Li M, Yin BS, Zou JY, Zhang WG, Wang SY. Effects of Incorporating Carboxymethyl Chitosan into PMMA Bone Cement Containing Methotrexate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144407. [PMID: 26657526 PMCID: PMC4690603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of methotrexate (MTX) in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement. We investigated whether incorporating carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) in MTX-PMMA cement might overcome disadvantages associated with MTX. To determine the optimal CMCS+MTX concentration to suppress the viability of cancer cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic lung cancer cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and MTX release of (CMCS+MTX)-PMMA cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of MTX-PMMA and (CMCS+MTX)-PMMA cement were evaluated in vivo in guinea pig femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and SEM at 6 months. Viability of H460 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57 μg/mL CMCS + 21 μg/mL MTX, which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to MTX-PMMA significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of MTX release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% (MTX-PMMA) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+MTX)-PMMA implants integrated better with the host bone. SEM revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+MTX)-PMMA implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in MTX-PMMA appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti-tumor properties of MTX-PMMA cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Bao-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Ji-Yang Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- * E-mail: (WGZ); (SYW)
| | - Shou-Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- * E-mail: (WGZ); (SYW)
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Handal JA, Schulz JF, Pahys JM, Williams EA, Kwok SC, Samuel SP. Evaluation of Elution and Mechanical Properties of Two Injectable Chemotherapeutic Bone Cements. Chemotherapy 2011; 57:268-74. [DOI: 10.1159/000327388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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