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Calek AK, Hochreiter B, Ek SJ, Carr A, Young D, Baré J, Lording TD. Medial meniscal and bony slopes are higher in knees with failed ACL reconstruction than in patients with successful ACL reconstruction. Knee 2024; 50:59-68. [PMID: 39126926 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to compare tibial soft tissue and bony slopes in patients with failed and non-failed ACL reconstructions (ACLR). We hypothesized that patients with failed ACLR have increased slopes compared to non-failed ACLR, and unexplained failures have higher slopes than failures with clear technical errors and failed synthetic ligaments. METHODS Between 2015 and 2022, 130 patients with failed ACLR were retrospectively identified; 79 knees with adequate MRI scans were analyzed. These were compared to 57 non-failed ACLRs. MRI measurements included lateral and medial tibial bony slope (LBS, MBS) and lateral and medial meniscal slope (LMS, MMS). Subgroup analysis assessed for failures with technical errors and failed synthetic ligaments. RESULTS In all patients, the LMS and MMS reduced the bony slope towards the horizontal without reaching statistical significance. Failed ACLR had significantly higher MBS (7.1° ± 2.9 vs. 4.6° ± 2.5, p < 0.001) and MMS (5.6° ± 3.5 vs. 3.4° ± 2.8, p < 0.001). The area under the curve for MBS was 0.721 (CI: 0.628-0.813). The Youden optimal threshold value of MBS ≥ 5.1° (sensitivity 80 %, specificity 56.1 %) yielded an odd's ratio for failure of 5.1 (CI:2.3-11.6; p < 0.001). Revisions with technical errors had slopes that were not significantly different to non-failed ACLR. Revisions with synthetic grafts had MBS (7.3° ± 3.2 vs. 4.6° ± 2.5; p = 0.007) and MMS (6° ± 3.8 vs. 3.4° ± 2.8; p = 0.021) that were significantly higher to non-failed ACLR. CONCLUSION Medial bony and meniscal slopes are higher in patients with unexplained failed ACLRs and revisions with synthetic grafts, but ACLR with technical errors failed with slopes similar to non-failed ACLRs. Increased medial slope values are a risk factor for surgical failure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Calek
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bettina Hochreiter
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel J Ek
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ashley Carr
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - David Young
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Baré
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Timothy D Lording
- Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, 3181 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mouhli D, Cojean T, Lustig S, Servien E. Influence of hamstring stiffness on anterior tibial translation after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Knee 2024; 47:121-128. [PMID: 38394991 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a correlation between the hamstring stiffness and the decrease of anterior tibial translation in athletic patients with healthy knees. This observation could question the clinical reliability of the Lachman-Trillat test to detect complete ACL ruptures in patients with an important hamstring stiffness. This study aims to determine if anterior tibial translation is correlated with hamstring stiffness in patients with complete ACL rupture. METHODS This is a prospective study including patients with unilateral complete ACL rupture confirmed by MRI. The arthrometer GNRB® was used to measure anterior tibial translation on both knees at 134 N and compute the side-to-side difference. The hamstring stiffness was assessed with the eccentric peak torque using the isokinetic dynamometer CON-TREX. Linear regressions were done between these two parameters on two study groups: one included all patients (GR1), and the other included only isolated ACL injuries without associated lesions (GR2). RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included (29 men, 23 women) with an average of 34.9 years old. The mean eccentric peak torque of the hamstrings for pathological knees was 94.9Nm for GR1 and 91.7Nm for GR2. The mean side-to-side difference was 2.42 mm for GR1 and 1.99 mm for GR2. No significant correlations were identified for GR1 (p = 0.66) and GR2 (p = 0.105). CONCLUSION No significant linear correlation was found between side-to-side difference measured by GNRB® and hamstring stiffness for pathological knees with complete ACL rupture. These results lead to believe that the Lachman-Trillat clinical test is not influenced by hamstring stiffness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prospective study, level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djaffar Mouhli
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lyon, France
| | - Théo Cojean
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Elvire Servien
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lyon, France; LIBM - EA 7424, Laboratoire interuniversitaire de la Biologie du Mouvement, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Uzuner S, Li LP. Alteration in ACL loading after total and partial medial meniscectomy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:94. [PMID: 38273316 PMCID: PMC11395656 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are often caused by high impact loadings during competitive sports but may also happen during regular daily activities due to tissue degeneration or altered mechanics after a previous knee injury or surgery such as meniscectomy. Most existing research on ACL injury has focused on impact loading scenarios or the consequence of ACL injury on meniscus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of varying degrees of medial meniscectomy on the mechanics of intact ACL by performing a poromechanical finite element analysis under moderate creep loadings. Four clinical scenarios with 25%, 50%, 75% and total medial meniscectomy were compared with the intact knee finite element model. Our results suggested that different medial meniscal resections may increase, at different extents, the knee laxity and peak tensile stress in the ACL, potentially leading to collagen fiber fatigue tearing and altered mechanobiology under normal joint loadings. Interestingly, the ACL stress actually increased during early knee creep (~ 3 min) before it reached an equilibrium. In addition, meniscectomy accelerated ACL stress reduction during knee creep, transferred more loading to tibial cartilage, increased contact pressure, and shifted the contact center posteriorly. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of meniscectomy and ACL integrity during daily loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uzuner
- Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duzce, Konuralp Campus, 81620, Duzce, Marmara, Türkiye.
| | - L P Li
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Franceschini M, Reale D, Boffa A, Andriolo L, Tortorella F, Grassi A, Filardo G, Zaffagnini S. Medial meniscal lesions increase antero-posterior laxity in knees with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:135-142. [PMID: 38226688 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of concomitant meniscal lesions on knee laxity using a triaxial accelerometer in a large population of patients affected by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHODS A total of 326 consecutive patients (261 men and 65 women, mean age 31.3 ± 11.3) undergoing primary ACL reconstruction, were preoperatively evaluated through Lachman and pivot shift tests using a triaxial accelerometer to quantify knee laxity. An analysis based on the presence of meniscal tears assessed during surgery was performed to evaluate the impact of meniscal lesions on knee laxity. RESULTS The anterior tibial translation (Lachman test) presented significantly higher values in patients with medial meniscal lesions (7.3 ± 1.7 mm, p = 0.049) and both medial and lateral meniscal lesions (7.7 ± 1.6 mm, p = 0.001) compared to patients without concomitant meniscal lesions (6.7 ± 1.3 mm). Moreover, patients with both medial and lateral meniscal lesions presented significantly higher values of anterior tibial translation compared to patients with lateral meniscal lesions (p = 0.049). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of tibial acceleration (pivot shift test). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the contribution of concomitant meniscal lesions to knee laxity can be objectively quantified using a triaxial accelerometer in ACL-injured knees. In particular, medial meniscus lesions, alone or in association with lateral meniscus lesions, determine a significant increase of the anterior tibial translation compared to knees without meniscus tears. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franceschini
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Reale
- Ortopedia e Traumatologia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Boffa
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Andriolo
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Tortorella
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Grassi
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Agarwal V, Kale A, Khandge A. Influence of Meniscal Repair vs. Meniscectomy on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Terms of Knee Stability and Radiological Imaging. Cureus 2023; 15:e43396. [PMID: 37581197 PMCID: PMC10423315 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The menisci are essential components in the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis. Patients with meniscal lesions and an intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) undergoing meniscectomy exhibit a significantly increased prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis. ACL reconstruction surgery enhances knee stability and mitigates the advancement of minor meniscal tears. The purpose of this study was to show the influence of meniscal repair as compared to meniscectomy on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in terms of knee stability and radiological imaging. This was a retrospective study performed in Dr. D.Y. Patil Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, on a sample size of 30 patients between December 2021 and January 2023. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically post-operatively at six months and one year. ACL reconstruction with meniscectomy was performed on 16 patients (group 2), while ACL reconstruction with meniscus repair was performed on 14 patients (group 1). At the end of six months in group 1, one patient out of 14 had a grade 2 Lachman test positive, while seven patients out of 16 had a grade 2 Lachman test positive in group 2. It was a statistically insignificant value (p>0.05). Further, at the end of 12 months, X-ray evaluation of the femoral tunnel shows an average increment of 0.5 mm in Group 1, while an average femoral tunnel widening of 3 mm was observed in Group 2. It was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The study concluded that meniscus repair significantly increases anteromedial knee stability. It has been shown that meniscectomy, when done along with ACL reconstruction, increases the chances of femoral tunnel widening, resulting in less graft bone integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Agarwal
- Orthopedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Amit Kale
- Orthopedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Ashwinkumar Khandge
- Orthopedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
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Cojean T, Batailler C, Robert H, Cheze L. GNRB® laximeter with magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice for complete and partial anterior cruciate ligament tears detection: A prospective diagnostic study with arthroscopic validation on 214 patients. Knee 2023; 42:373-381. [PMID: 37172464 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is not always obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other tools, such as the GNRB® arthrometer, help to accurately identify the type of ACL tear. The aim of this study was to show that the GNRB® could be a relevant complementary solution to MRI in ACL injuries detection. METHODS A prospective study performed between 2016 and 2020 included 214 patients who had undergone knee surgery. The study compared sensitivity/specificity pairs of MRI and the GNRB® at 134 N to detect healthy ACL, partial and complete ACL tears. Arthroscopies were the 'gold standard'. Forty-six patients had a healthy ACL with associated knee lesions, 168 patients had ACL tears where 107 were complete tears and 61 were partial tears. RESULTS For healthy ACL, MRI scored 100% for sensitivity (SE) and 95% for specificity (SP), and the GNRB® scored SE 95.65% and SP 97.5% at 134 N. For complete ACL tears, MRI scored 80.81% for sensitivity (SE) and 64.49% for specificity (SP), and the GNRB® scored SE 77.78% and SP 85.98% at 134 N. For partial tears, MRI scored SE 29.51% and SP 88.97%, and the GNRB® scored SE 73.77% and SP 85.52% at 134 N. CONCLUSION GNRB® sensitivity and specificity were equivalent to those of MRI for healthy ACL and complete ACL tear detection. However, MRI had some difficulty in detecting partial ACL tears compared with the GNRB® which showed better sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Cojean
- Université de Lyon, Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université de Lyon, Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Henri Robert
- Centre Hospitalier du Haut Anjou, Château-Gontier-Sur-Mayenne, France
| | - Laurence Cheze
- Université de Lyon, Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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7
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Petersen W, Guenther D, Imhoff AB, Herbort M, Stein T, Schoepp C, Akoto R, Höher J, Scheffler S, Stoehr A, Stoffels T, Häner M, Hees T, Mehl J, Ellermann A, Krause M, Mengis N, Eberle C, Müller PE, Best R, Lutz PM, Achtnich A. Management after acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Part 1: ACL reconstruction has a protective effect on secondary meniscus and cartilage lesions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:1665-1674. [PMID: 35445329 PMCID: PMC10089999 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this consensus project was to validate which endogenous and exogenous factors contribute to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and to what extent ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction can prevent secondary damage to the knee joint. Based on these findings, an algorithm for the management after ACL rupture should be established. METHODS The consensus project was initiated by the Ligament Injuries Committee of the German Knee Society (Deutsche Kniegesellschaft, DKG). A modified Delphi process was used to answer scientific questions. This process was based on key topic complexes previously formed during an initial face-to-face meeting of the steering group with the expert group. For each key topic, a comprehensive review of available literature was performed by the steering group. The results of the literature review were sent to the rating group with the option to give anonymous comments until a final consensus voting was performed. Consensus was defined a-priori as eighty percent agreement. RESULTS Of the 17 final statements, 15 achieved consensus, and 2 have not reached consensus. Results of the consensus were summarized in an algorithm for the management after ACL rupture (infographic/Fig. 2). CONCLUSION This consensus process has shown that the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis is a complex multifactorial process. Exogenous (primary and secondary meniscus lesions) and endogenous factors (varus deformity) play a decisive role. Due to the complex interplay of these factors, an ACL reconstruction cannot always halt post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee. However, there is evidence that ACL reconstruction can prevent secondary joint damage such as meniscus lesions and that the success of meniscus repair is higher with simultaneous ACL reconstruction. Therefore, we recommend ACL reconstruction in case of a combined injury of the ACL and a meniscus lesion which is suitable for repair. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Petersen
- Sportsclinic Berlin, Department of Orthopedics, Martin Luther Hospital, Berlin-Grunewald, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Guenther
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Sports Medicine Cologne Merheim Medical Center (Witten/Herdecke University), Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirco Herbort
- OCM Clinic Munich, Steinerstrasse 6, 81369, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Stein
- SPORTHOLOGICUM® Frankfurt Am Main, Siesmayerstraße 44, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Schoepp
- Department of Arthroscopic Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum, Duisburg gGmbH, Großenbaumer Allee 250, 47249, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Akoto
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Höher
- SPORTSCLINIC COLOGNE, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Köln, Germany
| | - Sven Scheffler
- Sporthopaedicum Berlin, Bismarckstrasse 45-47, 10627, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amelie Stoehr
- OCM Clinic Munich, Steinerstrasse 6, 81369, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Häner
- Sportsclinic Berlin, Department of Orthopedics, Martin Luther Hospital, Berlin-Grunewald, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Hees
- Sportsclinic Berlin, Department of Orthopedics, Martin Luther Hospital, Berlin-Grunewald, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Mehl
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andree Ellermann
- ARCUS Sports Clinic, Rastatter Str. 17-19, 75179, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Mengis
- ARCUS Sports Clinic, Rastatter Str. 17-19, 75179, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Christian Eberle
- ARCUS Sports Clinic, Rastatter Str. 17-19, 75179, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Raymond Best
- Department of Orthopaedic and Sports Trauma Surgery, Sportklinik Stuttgart, Taubenheimstraße 8, 70372, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe Seyler Strasse 5, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patricia M Lutz
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Achtnich
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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8
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Park YB, Kim H, Lee HJ, Baek SH, Kwak IY, Kim SH. The Clinical Application of Machine Learning Models for Risk Analysis of Ramp Lesions in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:107-118. [PMID: 36412925 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221137875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, known as "ramp lesions," are commonly found in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees but are frequently missed on routine evaluation. PURPOSE To predict the presence of ramp lesions in ACL-deficient knees using machine learning methods with associated risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS This study included 362 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between June 2010 and March 2019. The exclusion criteria were combined fractures and multiple ligament injuries, except for medial collateral ligament injuries. Patients were grouped according to the presence of ramp lesions on arthroscopic surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors including age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to surgery (≥3 or <3 months), mechanism of injury (contact or noncontact), side-to-side laxity, pivot-shift grade, medial and lateral tibial/meniscal slope, location of bone contusion, mechanical axis angle, and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) ratio. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve were also evaluated. RESULTS Ramp lesions were identified in 112 patients (30.9%). The risk for ramp lesions increased with steeper medial tibial and meniscal slopes, higher knee laxity, and an increased LFC ratio. Comparing the final performance of all models, the random forest model yielded the best performance (area under the curve: 0.944), although there were no significant differences among the models (P > .05). The cut-off values for the presence of ramp lesions on receiver operating characteristic analysis were as follows: medial tibial slope >5.5° (P < .001), medial meniscal slope >5.0° (P < .001), and LFC ratio >71.3% (P = .033). CONCLUSION Steep medial tibial and meniscal slopes, an increased LFC ratio, and higher knee rotatory laxity were observed risk factors for ramp lesions in patients with an ACL injury. The prediction model of this study could be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool for ramp lesions in ACL-injured knees. In general, care should be taken in patients with ramp lesions and its risk factors during ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojoon Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Han-Jun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Baek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Youp Kwak
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Shiwaku K, Kamiya T, Suzuki D, Yamakawa S, Otsubo H, Suzuki T, Takahashi K, Okada Y, Teramoto A, Ohnishi H, Fujie H, Yamashita T. The Role of the Medial Meniscus in Anterior Knee Stability. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221132845. [PMID: 36389621 PMCID: PMC9663633 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221132845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the force distribution between the anterolateral, posterolateral, and medial structures of the knee. PURPOSE To investigate the important structures in an intact knee contributing to force distribution in response to anterior tibial load. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens underwent robotic testing. First, 100 N of anterior tibial load was applied to the intact knee at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), anterolateral capsule, lateral collateral ligament, popliteal tendon, posterior root of the lateral meniscus, superficial medial collateral ligament, posterior root of the medial meniscus (MM), and posterior cruciate ligament were then completely transected in sequential order. After each transection, the authors reproduced the intact knee motion when a 100-N anterior tibial load was applied. By applying the principle of superposition, the resultant force of each structure was determined based on the 6 degrees of freedom force/torque data of each state. RESULTS At every measured knee flexion angle, the resultant force of the ACL was the largest of the tested structures. At knee flexion angles of 60° and 90°, the resultant force of the MM was larger than that of all other structures with the exception of the ACL. CONCLUSION The MM was identified as playing an important role in response to anterior tibial load at 60° and 90° of flexion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In clinical settings, the ACL of patients with a poorly functioning MM, such as tear of the MM posterior root, should be monitored considering the large resultant force in response to an anterior tibial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Shiwaku
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Health Science, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Chitose, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamakawa
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Katsunori Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teramoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tuphé P, Foissey C, Unal P, Vieira TD, Chambat P, Fayard JM, Thaunat M. Long-term Natural History of Unrepaired Stable Ramp Lesions: A Retrospective Analysis of 28 Patients With a Minimum Follow-up of 20 Years. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3273-3279. [PMID: 36074027 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus about whether stable ramp lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries need to be repaired. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to evaluate how many stable ramp lesions left in situ during ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have subsequently failed after >20 years of follow-up. We hypothesized that ACL-reconstructed knees with ramp lesions left in situ without repair have a high risk of meniscal failure over the long term. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS All patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR by a single experienced surgeon between January 1998 and December 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Included were all cases of longitudinal tears in the meniscocapsular junction or the red zone of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus that were left in situ and identified through the anterior portals. Successful anterior probing confirmed a meniscal tear of the posterior segment. A lesion was considered stable if it was ≤2 cm and did not extend beyond the lower pole of the femoral condyle. The following data were collected preoperatively and at the last follow-up: demographics, time to surgery, side-to-side laxity, pivot shift, Lysholm score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner activity scale, and meniscal failure rate. We defined 2 groups based on our findings: medial meniscal failure versus no medial meniscal failure. RESULTS A total of 716 knees underwent primary ACLR during this period. The 39 (5.4%) stable unrepaired ramp lesions identified were included in the case series. Mean ± standard deviation follow-up was 262.1 ± 10.5 months. Eleven patients (28%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining patients, 8 (28.6%) had a medial meniscal failure, of which 6 (21.4%) were bucket-handle tears. The average time elapsed before complications was 87.8 ± 52 months (range, 6-156 months). The medial meniscal survival rate was 93% at 5 years, 75% at 10 years, and 71% at 15 and 20 years. The failure event mainly happened between 96 and 120 months (8 and 10 years) after ACLR. No risk factors for failure were found, but some trends appeared, such as older age, higher body mass index, and preoperative rotational instability. All postoperative scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up (P < .0001); 16 patients (57%) returned to their sport of choice. CONCLUSION With nearly one-third of patients developing meniscal complications, including a large share of bucket-handle tears and mostly occurring 8 years after the ACLR, it may not be wise to leave stable ramp lesions unrepaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tuphé
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Constant Foissey
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Unal
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Thais Dutra Vieira
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Chambat
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Fayard
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Thaunat
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
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van der Wal WA, Meijer DT, Hoogeslag RAG, LaPrade RF. Meniscal Tears, Posterolateral and Posteromedial Corner Injuries, Increased Coronal Plane, and Increased Sagittal Plane Tibial Slope All Influence Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Related Knee Kinematics and Increase Forces on the Native and Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Systematic Review of Cadaveric Studies. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:1664-1688.e1. [PMID: 34883197 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain a comprehensive list of pathologies that cause increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces and pathologic knee kinematics to evaluate for in both primary and revision ACL reconstruction to decrease the risk of subsequent graft overload. METHODS An electronic search was performed in the Embase and MEDLINE databases for the period between January 1, 1990, and December 10, 2020. All articles investigating medial and lateral meniscal injury, (postero)lateral corner injury, (postero)medial corner/medial collateral ligament injury, valgus alignment, varus alignment, and tibial slope in relation to ACL (graft) force and knee kinematics were included. RESULTS Data of 43 studies were included. The studies reported that high-volume medial and lateral meniscectomies, peripheral meniscus tears, medial meniscus ramp tears, lateral meniscus root tears, posterolateral corner injuries, medial collateral ligament tears, increased tibial slope, and valgus and varus alignment were reported to have a significant impact on ACL (graft) force and related knee kinematics. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review on biomechanical cadaver studies provides a rationale to systematically identify and treat pathologies in ACL-injured knees, because when undiagnosed or left untreated, these specific concomitant pathologies could lead to ACL graft overload in both primary and revision ACL-reconstructed knees. CLINICAL RELEVANCE it is necessary that orthopaedic surgeons who treat ACL-injured knees understand the surgically relevant biomechanical consequences of additional pathologies and use this knowledge to optimize treatment in ACL-injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diederik T Meijer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Hohmann E, Tetsworth K, Glatt V, Ngcelwane M, Keough N. Increased Posterior Slope of the Medial and Lateral Meniscus Posterior Horn Is Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:109-118. [PMID: 33964384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the slope of the medial and lateral posterior horn of the meniscus and its contribution to the overall resulting posterior tibial slope (bone and meniscus combined slope) in anterior cruciate ligament-intact (ACLI) and -deficient (ACLD) knees. METHODS Magnetic resonance images of intact menisci in patients 16 to 60 years old were included. Posterior tibial bone slope (PTS) and meniscus slope (MS) were measured 25%, 50%, and 75% from the medial and lateral borders of the tibial plateau. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in posterior tibial slopes between ACLD and ACLI knees and between sexes for ACLD and ACLI knees. RESULTS 192 ACLI patients (age 35.2 ± 9.6 years, mean ± standard deviation) and 159 ACLD patients (age 34.2 ± 10.3 years) were included. Medial and lateral PTS in ACLD was significantly (P = .00001) higher at 25%, 50%, and 75%. Medial and lateral MS in ACLD was significantly (P = .00001) lower at 25%, 50%, and 75%. There were no significant sex differences for medial or lateral MS in ACLD or ACLI patients (P = .51). The resultant combined medial and lateral slope in ACLD patients was significantly (P = .00001) lower at 25%, 50%, and 75%. There were no significant sex differences in PTS (P = .68), MS (P = .51), or resultant slope (P = .79) CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study strongly suggest that lower meniscal slopes of both the medial and lateral posterior horns are associated with ACL injuries in both males and females. Although the posterior horns reversed the bone PTS to an anterior inclined slope in both ACLD and ACLI patients, both the meniscus slope and the combined resultant slope were significantly lower and more positive at all 6 measured locations in ACLD knees. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hohmann
- Valiant Clinic/Houston Methodist Group, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Kevin Tetsworth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia; Limb Reconstruction Center, Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie Park, Australia; Orthopaedic Research Centre of Australia, Brisbane, Australia; Herston Biofabrication Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Orthopaedic Research Centre of Australia, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Mthunzi Ngcelwane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Natalie Keough
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Wang M, Lin Z, Wang W, Chen L, Xia H, Zhang Y, Huang W. Kinematic Alterations After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction via Transtibial Techniques With Medial Meniscal Repair Versus Partial Medial Meniscectomy. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3293-3301. [PMID: 34428082 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211033982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment strategies for meniscal injuries during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain a topic of debate. HYPOTHESIS After ACL reconstruction, knee kinematics would be affected by different medial meniscal treatment (partial medial meniscectomy [PMM] and medial meniscal repair [MMR]). STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 161 patients underwent primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction and simultaneous medial meniscal treatment. Of these, 32 patients were eligible to participate in the kinematic assessment at 24.8 ± 1.7 months after surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) those who underwent MMR (Group MMR; n = 18) and (2) those who underwent PMM (Group PMM; n = 14). Twenty healthy participants (Group Intact) were recruited who were comparable in age, body mass index, and sex. The kinematic parameters were collected using an optical tracking system during treadmill gait. Range of motion and kinematic parameters at key events during the gait cycle were compared between the 3 groups. The primary outcomes were the differences in adduction/abduction and internal/external rotation. RESULTS Patients in Group PMM walked with increased adduction as compared with those in Group Intact during the early stance phase (P = .003; η2 = 0.172) and midstance phase (P = .003; η2 = 0.167). In terms of internal/external rotation, patients in Group PMM walked with significantly larger tibial external rotation when compared with Group MMR by approximately 3.4° to 3.7° (loading response: P = .026, η2 = 0.090; midstance: P = .035, η2 = 0.093) and Group Intact (P = .028; η2 = 0.095) in the early stance phase. In addition, there was significantly increased anterior tibial translation in Groups MMR and PMM compared with Group Intact. CONCLUSION ACL reconstruction (via transtibial technique) with concurrent PMM demonstrated larger adduction and external tibial rotation at 24 months of follow-up during level walking. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients undergoing different medial meniscal treatment strategies in the presence of ACL reconstruction showed distinct knee kinematics. These results suggest that MMR is strongly recommended during ACL reconstructive surgery to reduce the abnormal kinematics close to that of the ACL-intact condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kim SH, Park YB, Won YS. An Increased Lateral Femoral Condyle Ratio Is an Important Risk Factor for a Medial Meniscus Ramp Lesion Including Red-Red Zone Tear. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3159-3165. [PMID: 33892074 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine radiological findings associated with ramp lesions in knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHODS This study included the primary ACL reconstructions from June 2011 to March 2019. The exclusion criteria were combined fractures and multiligament injuries. Patients were categorized based on arthroscopy-confirmed presence of ramp lesions, which was defined as a longitudinal tear around the meniscocapsular junction or red-red zone tear of medial meniscus posterior horn. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find the risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index, medial tibial slope, mechanical axis angle, presence of Segond fracture, and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) ratio. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were evaluated. RESULTS Ramp lesions were identified in 89 (27.7%) patients among the total 321 included primary ACL reconstructions. The risk of ramp lesion was associated with increased LFC ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 62.929; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.473-467.351; P < .001), varus alignment >3° (OR: 5.858; 95% CI: 3.272-10.486; P < .001), and steeper medial tibial slope (OR: 1.183; 95% CI: 1.05-1.333; P = .006). The cutoff values of the LFC ratio and medial tibial slope for ramp lesions were >71% (AUC: 0.696; sensitivity: 43.82%; specificity: 91.38%; P < .001) and >12.1° (AUC: 0.643; sensitivity: 85.39%; specificity: 38.79%; P < .001), respectively. CONCLUSION Deep posterior LFC, varus alignment, and steep medial tibial slope were associated factors for ramp lesions in knees with ACL injury. In patients with ACL injury who show the above-mentioned radiographic findings, careful assessment and suspicion for ramp lesions should be considered. STUDY DESIGN Level III, retrospective cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoo-Sun Won
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Cristiani R, Janarv PM, Engström B, Edman G, Forssblad M, Stålman A. Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Increases the Risk of Abnormal Prereconstruction Laxity, Cartilage, and Medial Meniscus Injuries. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:1214-1220. [PMID: 33242630 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between a delay in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and cartilage injuries, meniscus injuries, meniscus repair, and abnormal prereconstruction laxity. METHODS Patients who underwent primary ACLR at our institution from January 2005 to March 2017, with no associated ligament injuries, were identified. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether delay in ACLR, age, sex, and BMI were risk factors for cartilage and meniscus injuries, meniscus repair, and abnormal (side-to-side difference >5 mm) prereconstruction laxity. RESULTS A total of 3976 patients (mean age 28.6 ± 10.6 years, range 10-61 years) were included. The risk of cartilage injury increased with a delay in ACLR (12-24 months: odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.29; P = .005; and > 24 months: OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.11-1.30; P < .001) and age ≥30 years (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.98-2.60; P < .001). The risk of medial meniscus (MM) injury increased with a delay in ACLR (12-24 months: OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.29; P = .001; and >24 months: OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.13-1.30; P < .001), male sex (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04-1.30; P = .04) and age ≥30 years (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04-1.33; P = .008). The risk of lateral meniscus (LM) injury decreased with a delay in ACLR of >3 months and age ≥30 years (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.66-0.85; P < .001), whereas it increased with male sex (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.22-1.41; P < .001). MM repairs relative to MM injury decreased with a delay in ACLR (6-12 months: OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54-0.92; P = .01; 12-24 months: OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57-0.85; P < .001; >24 months: OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.52-0.72; P < .001) and age ≥30 years (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48-0.74; P < .001). LM repairs relative to LM injury only decreased with age ≥30 years (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.26-0.45; P < .001). The risk of having abnormal knee laxity increased with a delay in ACLR of >6 months and MM injury (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.16-1.97; P = .002), whereas it decreased with a BMI of ≥25 (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS A delay in ACLR of >12 months increased the risk of cartilage and MM injuries, whereas a delay of >6 months increased the risk of abnormal prereconstruction laxity and reduced the likelihood of MM repair. To reduce meniscus loss and the risk of jeopardizing knee laxity, ACLR should be performed within 6 months after the injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective therapeutic comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristiani
- Capio Artro Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per-Mats Janarv
- Capio Artro Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Engström
- Capio Artro Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Edman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Forssblad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Stålman
- Capio Artro Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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The posterior horn of the medial and lateral meniscus both reduce the effective posterior tibial slope: a radiographic MRI study. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1123-1130. [PMID: 33559716 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify the posterior horn meniscal slope and determine its contribution to the reduction in posterior tibial slope. METHODS Patients aged between 16 and 60 years and had intact menisci with no evidence of previous injury or surgery were included. Patients with radiological evidence of osteoarthritis Grade II-IV, any acute or chronic meniscus injuries, fractures, and ligamentous injuries were excluded. The posterior bony slope (PTS) and the meniscus slope (MS) of the posterior horns were measured at 25, 50, and 75% from the medial and lateral borders of the tibial plateau. RESULTS 325 MR images (mean age 37.1 ± 10.9 years) were included. There were 194 males and 131 females, with 162 left and 163 right knees. The PTS in the medial compartment ranged from (-) 2.8° to 3.7° and from (-) 1.3° to 1.9° in the lateral compartment (p = 0.0001). The MS in the medial compartment ranged from 27.4° to 28.2°, and from 27.8° to 28.7° in the lateral compartment (p > 0.05). The differences between the medial and lateral knee compartment were statistically significant. At the 25% interval the p level was 0.037, at 50% p = 0.00001, and at 75% p = 0.0001. There were no significant between gender differences. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated a significant reduction in posterior tibial bone slope by the posterior horns of both the medial and lateral meniscus, from a mean of (-) 1° to 2° to a more horizontal anterior slope. The posterior bone slope was larger in the medial compartment by 1°, resulting in a smaller slope reduction in the lateral compartment.
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17
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Type and Location of Meniscus Tears: Comparison with Arthroscopic Findings. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040606. [PMID: 33562787 PMCID: PMC7914628 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used for the diagnosis of meniscal tears, but its diagnostic accuracy, depending on the type and location, has not been well investigated. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI by comparing MRI and arthroscopic findings. Preoperative 3.0-T MRI and arthroscopic findings from 2005 to 2018 were reviewed to determine the presence, type, and location of meniscus tears. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed according to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Inflammatory arthritis, (2) other ligament injuries, (3) inability to classify meniscal tears due to degenerative arthritis, (4) over 90 days from MRI to surgery, and (5) incomplete data. Of the 2998 eligible patients, 544 were finally included. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in determining medial and lateral meniscus tears were 91.8% and 79.9%, and 80.8% and 85.4%, respectively. The accuracy of MRI in the ACL-injured group was lower than that in the ACL-intact group (medial meniscus: 81.7% vs. 88.1%, p = 0.041; 72.9% vs. lateral meniscus: 88.0%, p < 0.001). MRI accuracy was low for the longitudinal tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in the ACL-injured group. MRI could be a diagnostic tool for meniscus tears, but has limited accuracy in their classification of the type and location. Hence, care should be taken during arthroscopic assessment of ACL-injured patients due to low diagnostic accuracy of preoperative MRI.
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Unrepaired lateral meniscus tears lead to remaining pivot-shift in ACL-reconstructed knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:3504-3510. [PMID: 32328696 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the postoperative rotatory knee laxity between ACL-reconstructed knees with different meniscus treatments using an electromagnetic pivot-shift measurement. METHODS Forty-six patients with unilateral ACL reconstructions were enrolled (21 males/25 females, 25 ± 12 y.o.). Concomitant meniscus tears, if any, were repaired whenever possible during primary ACL reconstruction. At 1 year postoperatively, pivot-shift test was performed under anaesthesia during screw removal surgery and quantitatively evaluated by tibial acceleration using an electromagnetic system. The acceleration was compared between ACL-reconstructed knees with different meniscal treatments: intact, repaired and unrepaired. RESULTS A concomitant meniscus tear was found in 28 knees preoperatively: lateral tears in 11 knees, medial tears in 11 knees and both medial and lateral tears in 6 knees. Postoperatively, 19 ACL-reconstructed knees had a repaired meniscus for either medial, lateral or bilateral menisci tears, and 18 knees had intact menisci pre- and post-operatively. Meanwhile, nine lateral meniscus tears were irreparable and treated by partial meniscectomy or left in situ. ACL-reconstructed knees with unrepaired lateral menisci had significantly larger pivot-shift acceleration (0.9 ± 0.7 m/s2) than those with intact menisci (0.5 ± 0.2 m/s2, p < 0.05), whereas rotatory knee laxity was similar between the knees with fully repaired menisci (0.6 ± 0.3 m/s2) and intact menisci (n.s.). CONCLUSION An unrepaired lateral meniscus tear in an ACL-reconstructed knee could lead to remaining pivot-shift postoperatively. A concomitant meniscus tear should be repaired during ACL reconstruction to restore normal rotational laxity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Study, Level III.
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19
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Ahn JH, Koh IJ, McGarry MH, Patel NA, Lin CC, Lee TQ, Ryu B. Knee laxity in anterolateral complex injuries versus medial meniscus posterior horn injuries in anterior cruciate ligament injured knees: A cadaveric study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2020; 106:945-955. [PMID: 32753357 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is considerable debate regarding the function of anterolateral knee structures, including the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and anterolateral capsule, as knee stabilizers in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured knees. Medial meniscus posterior horn (MMPH) injuries have also been associated with increased knee laxity in ACL injured knees. The purpose of this cadaveric biomechanical study was to compare the effects of the anterolateral complex (ALC) injury and meniscectomy of MMPH on knee laxity in ACL injured knees. HYPOTHESIS ALC injury would have a greater effect on internal rotational laxity in ACL-injured knee than meniscectomy of MMPH. MATERIAL AND METHODS Matched-pair 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees underwent biomechanical evaluation of knee laxity. After testing the intact knee and ACL sectioned knee (ACL-) in matched-pair 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees, two groups were established: an ALC sectioning (ACL-/ALC-) group (n=5) and a MMPH meniscectomy (ACL-/MMPH-) group (n=5). Knee laxity was measured in terms of internal-external rotation, anterior-posterior translation, and varus-valgus angulation for each condition at knee flexion angles of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. RESULTS After the additional sectioning of the ALC (ACL-/ALC-), the mean internal rotation at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion showed the greater internal rotation laxity compared than intact knee (p=0.020, 0.011, 0.005 and<0.001). It also significantly increased anterior translation from ACL- at 30° and 60° (p=0.011 and 0.005). In contrast, additional meniscectomy of the MMPH (ACL-/MMPH-) significantly increased external rotation laxity compared to intact knee (p=0.021, 0.018 and 0.024) and ACL- (p=0.037, 0.011 and 0.025) at 30°, 60° and 90°. ACL-/MMPH- also resulted in significantly increased anterior translation from ACL- at 30°, 60° and 90° (p=0.004, 0.008 and 0.002). DISCUSSION In conclusion, the anterolateral complex, which include the ALL and anterolateral capsule, may play an important role in stabilizing the knee against internal rotation and anterior translation, while the MMPH may contribute to resisting external rotation and anterior translation stability in ACL-injured knee. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II, controlled laboratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyangsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea.
| | - In Jun Koh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michelle H McGarry
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Nilay A Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Charles C Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thay Q Lee
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Byeongyeong Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyangsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea
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Seo SS, Kim CW, Lee CR, Park DH, Kwon YU, Kim OG, Kim CK. Second-look arthroscopic findings and clinical outcomes of meniscal repair with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: comparison of suture and meniscus fixation device. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2020; 140:1243-1244. [PMID: 32367377 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Suk Seo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haeundae Bumin Hospital, 584, Haeundae-ro, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48094, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Wan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Rack Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Gul Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bumin Hospital, 59, Mandeok-daero, Buk-gu, Busan, 46555, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haeundae Bumin Hospital, 584, Haeundae-ro, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 48094, Republic of Korea
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Yoon KH, Lee HW, Park SY, Yeak RDK, Kim JS, Park JY. Meniscal Allograft Transplantation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Can Improve Knee Stability: A Comparison of Medial and Lateral Procedures. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2370-2375. [PMID: 32692971 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520938771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical score and stability after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) after a previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS Medial MAT would improve anteroposterior stability, and lateral MAT would improve rotational stability. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHOD We retrospectively investigated 31 cases of MAT after a previous total or nearly total meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction between November 2008 and June 2017. Cases were divided into medial (16 cases) and lateral (15 cases) MAT groups. The patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up. RESULTS In the medial MAT group, the International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm, Lysholm instability, and Tegner scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up, and there were also significant improvements in the anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot-shift tests. In the lateral MAT group, the Lysholm and Tegner scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up, as had the anterior drawer and Lachman tests but not the pivot-shift test. The medial MAT group showed significant improvement in side-to-side difference on Telos stress radiographs, from 6.5 mm (preoperatively) to 3.6 mm (2-year follow-up) (P = .001), while the lateral MAT group showed no significant change. There was no progression of arthritis in either group. CONCLUSION Medial MAT improved not only anteroposterior stability but also rotational stability in the meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knee. Lateral MAT showed improvements in the anterior drawer and Lachman tests but not in the pivot-shift test or side-to-side difference on Telos stress radiographs in meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knees. Instability and pain are indications for MAT in meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ho Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Yongin University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Raymond D K Yeak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Suk Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effect of medial meniscal posterior horn tears on tibial translation in ACL-intact knees: a case control study based on MRI. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Kim SH, Seo HJ, Seo DW, Kim KI, Lee SH. Analysis of Risk Factors for Ramp Lesions Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1673-1681. [PMID: 32383965 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520918207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of meniscocapsular junction tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn, known as ramp lesions, is reported to be 9.3% to 23.9%. However, these lesions are not consistently diagnosed with routine arthroscopic exploration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PURPOSE To determine risk factors associated with ramp lesions in anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 275 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between June 2011 and March 2019 were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were revisions, fracture histories, and multiple-ligament injuries other than medial collateral ligament injury. Patients were divided into 2 groups, those with and without ramp lesions according to arthroscopic diagnosis. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors: age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to surgery (<3 or ≥3 months), mechanism of injury (contact/noncontact), Segond fracture, side-to-side laxity, location of bone contusion, medial and lateral tibial/meniscal slope, and mechanical axis angle. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve were evaluated. A prediction model was developed by multivariable regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Overall, 95 patients (34.5%) were confirmed as having a ramp lesion. The sensitivity of MRI for ramp lesions was 85.3%, and specificity was 78.3%. Significant risk factors for ramp lesion were as follows: posterior medial tibial plateau bone contusion on MRI (odds ratio [OR], 4.201; 95% CI, 2.081-8.482; P < .001), ≥3 months from injury (OR, 4.818; 95% CI, 2.158-10.757; P < .001), varus knee >3° (OR, 2.339; 95% CI, 1.048-5.217; P = .038), steeper medial tibial slope (OR, 1.289; 95% CI, 1.002-1.66; P = .049) and meniscal slope (OR, 1.464; 95% CI, 1.137-1.884; P = .003), and gradual lateral tibial slope (OR, 0.775; 95% CI, 0.657-0.914; P = .002). The area under the curve for the prediction model developed by logistic regression was 0.779 (sensitivity, 75.8%; specificity, 71.7%; P < .001) for ramp lesions. CONCLUSION Care should be taken with patients who have significant risk factors for ramp lesions, including bone contusion at the posterior medial tibial plateau, chronic injury, steeper medial tibial and meniscal slope, gradual lateral tibial slope, and varus knee >3°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyundae General Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Namyangju-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Il Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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[Internal meniscus resections do not affect anterior knee joint stability]. DER ORTHOPADE 2019; 49:522-530. [PMID: 31784795 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-019-03840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscus injuries lead to increased knee joint instability. Currently, however, it is unclear whether a relevant medial meniscus part resection leads to an increased ventral tibia translation with intact anterior cruciate ligament. The aim of our study was therefore to clinically examine the stabilizer function of at least 30% resected medial meniscus for anterior tibial translation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 18 patients with unilateral medial meniscus lesion were treated before and after arthroscopic medial meniscus resection. They were treated on the healthy and on the sick leg through the use of two different apparatus methods (dynamic translation measurement using hamstring reflex apparatus and KT-1000 arthrometers) as well as a functional test (computer-supported dynamic posturography (CDP)) and a clinical hop test. Further, the mean values for significance using non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS After completing all the studies, we were not able to detect any significant differences in our study that would indicate increased ventral instability in the knee joint after arthroscopic medial meniscus resection. CONCLUSIONS Inner meniscal partial resection does not lead to increased ventral knee instability in intact VKB. Whether in patients with instability (feeling) after partial meniscus resection, a rotation instability is the cause or whether further injuries or disturbances in the capsular ligament apparatus are present, must be examined in further studies. Anterior knee joint instability cannot be adequately explained according to our study.
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Grassi A, Di Paolo S, Lucidi GA, Macchiarola L, Raggi F, Zaffagnini S. The Contribution of Partial Meniscectomy to Preoperative Laxity and Laxity After Anatomic Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: In Vivo Kinematics With Navigation. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:3203-3211. [PMID: 31613650 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519876648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited in vivo kinematic information exists on the effect of clinical-based partial medial and lateral meniscectomy in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS In patients with ACL deficiency, partial medial meniscus removal increases the anteroposterior (AP) laxity with compared with those with intact menisci, while partial lateral meniscus removal increases dynamic laxity. In addition, greater postoperative laxity would be identified in patients with partial medial meniscectomy. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 164 patients with ACL tears were included in the present study and divided into 4 groups according to the meniscus treatment they underwent: patients with partial lateral meniscectomy (LM group), patients with partial medial meniscectomy (MM group), patients with partial medial and lateral meniscectomy (MLM group), and patients with intact menisci who did not undergo any meniscus treatment (IM group). A further division in 2 new homogeneous groups was made based on the surgical technique: 46 had an isolated single-bundle anatomic ACL reconstruction (ACL group), while 13 underwent a combined single-bundle anatomic ACL reconstruction and partial medial meniscectomy (MM-ACL group). Standard clinical laxities (AP translation at 30° of knee flexion, AP translation at 90° of knee flexion) and pivot-shift (PS) tests were quantified before and after surgery by means of a surgical navigation system dedicated to kinematic assessment. The PS test was quantified through 3 different parameters: the anterior displacement of the lateral tibial compartment (lateral AP); the posterior acceleration of the lateral AP during tibial reduction (posterior acceleration); and finally, the area included by the lateral AP translation with respect to the flexion/extension angle (area). RESULTS In the ACL-deficient status, the MM group showed a significantly greater tibial translation compared with the IM group (P < .0001 for AP displacement at 30° [AP30] and 90° [AP90] of flexion) and the LM group (P = .002 for AP30 and P < .0001 for AP90). In the PS test, the area of LM group was significantly larger (57%; P = .0175) than the one of the IM group. After ACL reconstruction, AP translation at 30° was restored, while the AP90 remained significantly greater at 1.3 mm (P = .0262) in the MM-ACL group compared with those with intact menisci. CONCLUSION Before ACL reconstruction, partial medial meniscectomy increased AP laxity at 30° and 90° and lateral meniscectomy increased dynamic PS laxity with respect to intact menisci. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction decreased laxities, but a residual anterior translation of 1.3 mm at 90° remained in patients with partial medial meniscectomy, with respect to those with intact menisci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Grassi
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Paolo
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Andrea Lucidi
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Macchiarola
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Raggi
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie DIBINEM, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Dejour D, Pungitore M, Valluy J, Nover L, Saffarini M, Demey G. Tibial slope and medial meniscectomy significantly influence short-term knee laxity following ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3481-3489. [PMID: 30809722 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine demographic, anatomic, and surgical factors associated with static and dynamic Anterior Tibial Translation (ATT) following ACL reconstruction. The hypothesis was that both static and dynamic ATT would be greater in knees with high tibial slope or that required meniscectomy. METHODS The authors prospectively enrolled 280 consecutive patients that had primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts at one center for which preoperative tear type, meniscal tears, and medial tibial slope were documented. A total of 137 were excluded due to concomitant extra-articular tenodesis or surgical antecedents on either knee, and 18 were lost to follow-up, leaving 125 that were evaluated at a minimum of 6 months including: static ATT on monopodal weight-bearing radiographs, and dynamic ATT on differential stress radiographs using the Telos™ device. RESULTS Both postoperative static and dynamic ATT were strongly associated with preoperative static and dynamic ATT (respectively, β = 0.068 and β = 0.50, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression confirmed that postoperative static ATT increased with tibial slope (β = 0.24; CI 0.01-0.47; p = 0.042) and in knees that had partial medial meniscectomy (β = 2.05; CI 0.25-3.84; p = 0.025), while dynamic ATT decreased with age (β = - 0.11; CI - 0.16 to - 0.05; p < 0.001), and increased with tibial slope (β = 0.27; CI 0.04-0.49; p = 0.019) and in knees that had partial medial meniscectomy (β = 2.20; CI 0.35-4.05; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Both static and dynamic ATT following ACL reconstruction increased with tibial slope and in knees that had partial medial meniscectomy. These findings could help surgeons tailor their techniques and 'à la carte' rehabilitation protocols, by preserving the menisci and sometimes delaying full weight-bearing and return to sport in patients at risk, and hence improve outcomes and prevent graft failures. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dejour
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourion, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Pungitore
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourion, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Valluy
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Luca Nover
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Mo Saffarini
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Guillaume Demey
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourion, 69009, Lyon, France
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Naendrup JH, Pfeiffer TR, Chan C, Nagai K, Novaretti JV, Sheean AJ, Shafizadeh ST, Debski RE, Musahl V. Effect of Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair on Knee Kinematics, Bony Contact Forces, and In Situ Forces in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:3195-3202. [PMID: 31560563 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519872964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal ramp lesions are possible concomitant injuries in cases of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. Although recent studies have investigated the influence of ramp lesions on knee kinematics, the effect on the ACL reconstruction graft remains unknown. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose was to determine the effects of ramp lesion and ramp lesion repair on knee kinematics, the in situ forces in the ACL, and bony contact forces. It was hypothesized that ramp lesions will significantly increase in situ forces in the native ACL and bony contact forces and that ramp lesion repair will restore these conditions comparably with those forces of the intact knee. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Investigators tested 9 human cadaveric knee specimens using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic testing system. The knee was continuously flexed from full extension to 90° while the following loads were applied: (1) 90-N anterior load, (2) 5 N·m of external-rotation torque, (3) 134-N anterior load + 200-N compression load, (4) 4 N·m of external-rotation torque + 200-N compression load, and (5) 4 N·m of internal-rotation torque + 200-N compression load. Loading conditions were applied to the intact knee, a knee with an arthroscopically induced 25-mm ramp lesion, and a knee with an all-inside repaired ramp lesion. In situ forces in the ACL, bony contact forces in the medial compartment, and bony contact forces in the lateral compartment were quantified. RESULTS In response to all loading conditions, no differences were found with respect to kinematics, in situ forces in the ACL, and bony contact forces between intact knees and knees with a ramp lesion. However, compared with intact knees, knees with a ramp lesion repair had significantly reduced anterior translation at flexion angles from full extension to 40° in response to a 90-N anterior load (P < .05). In addition, a significant decrease in the in situ forces in the ACL after ramp repair was detected only for higher flexion angles when 4 N·m of external-rotation torque combined with a 200-N compression load (P < .05) and 4 N·m of internal-rotation torque combined with a 200-N compression load were applied (P < .05). CONCLUSION In this biomechanical study, ramp lesions did not significantly affect knee biomechanics at the time of surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a biomechanical time-zero perspective, the indications for ramp lesion repair may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Naendrup
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas R Pfeiffer
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, Cologne, Germany
| | - Calvin Chan
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanto Nagai
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - João V Novaretti
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Sheean
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sven T Shafizadeh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Sana Medical Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard E Debski
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with concomitant meniscal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3441-3452. [PMID: 30719542 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review was to compare the clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with either meniscal repair or meniscectomy for concomitant meniscal injury. The primary hypothesis was that short-term clinical outcomes (≤ 2-year follow-up) for ACLR concomitant with either meniscal repair or resection would be similar. The secondary hypothesis was that ACLR with meniscal repair would result in better longer term outcomes compared with meniscal resection. METHODS The authors searched two online databases (EMBASE and MEDLINE) from inception until March 2018 for the literature on ACLR and concurrent meniscal surgery. Two reviewers systematically screened studies in duplicate, independently, and based on a priori criteria. Quality assessment was also performed in duplicate. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) sub-scale scores at 2 years post-operatively were combined in a meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effects model. RESULTS Of 2566 initial studies, 25 studies satisfied full-text inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 2.09 years, with a total sample of 37,087 subjects including controls. The meta-analysis demonstrated equivocal results at 2 years, except for KOOS symptom scores which favoured meniscal resection over repair. Mean KT-1000 side-to-side difference (SSD) scores were 1.51 ± 0.60 mm for meniscal repair, 1.96 ± 0.36 mm for meniscal resection, and 1.58 ± 0.20 for control patients (isolated ACLR). Medial meniscal repair showed decreased anterior knee joint laxity compared to medial meniscal resection (P < 0.001). Patients with meniscal repair had higher rates of re-operation (13.3% vs 0.8% for meniscal resection, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with ACLR combined with meniscal resection demonstrate better symptoms at 2-year follow-up compared to patients with ACLR combined with meniscal repair. ACLR combined with meniscal repair results in decreased anterior knee joint laxity with evidence of improved patient-reported outcomes in the long term, but also higher re-operation rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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29
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Effect of increased posterior tibial slope on the anterior cruciate ligament status in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy in an uninjured ACL population. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019; 105:1085-1091. [PMID: 31186181 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) status in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Our hypothesis was that even though OWHTO may improve anteroposterior laxity of the knee, an increase in PTSA after OWHTO would be associated with ACL degeneration. METHODS Seventy-five patients treated with OWHTO were retrospectively analyzed. PTSA were evaluated radiographically pre- and postoperatively. The ACL was evaluated during the index arthroscopy at the time of OWHTO and a second-look arthroscopy during the plate removal, and scored from 1 (normal ACL) to 4 (complete tear). An anterior tibial translation (ATT) test was performed. RESULTS The mean time period from the index to second-look arthroscopy was 15.0±4.4months. PTSA significantly increased from 5.3±3.4° preoperatively to 7.5±4.0° postoperatively (p<0.001). The average ACL score significantly increased from 1.9±0.5 at the index arthroscopy to 2.2±0.5 at the second-look arthroscopy (p=0.0025). The average ATT on the operated side significantly decreased from 7.1±2.6mm preoperatively to 5.3±2.3mm at the second-look arthroscopy (p<0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between the increase in PTSA and the change of ACL grade [correlation coefficient (r)=0.221, p<0.05]. CONCLUSION Even though OWHTO reduces anteroposterior knee laxity, an increase in PTSA is associated with ACL degeneration. It is important for the surgeon to avoid an increase in PTSA during the intervention to prevent ACL degeneration after OWHTO. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, therapeutic retrospective case series.
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30
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Medial and lateral meniscus have a different role in kinematics of the ACL-deficient knee: a systematic review. J ISAKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ImportanceMeniscal tears are frequently associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and the correct management of this kind of lesion during ACL-reconstruction procedure is critical for the restoration of knee kinematics. Although the importance of meniscus in knee biomechanics is generally accepted, the influence of medial and lateral meniscus in stability of ACL-deficient knee is still unclear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review literature, which analysed effects in cadaveric specimens of meniscal tear and meniscectomy of medial and lateral meniscus on laxity in the ACL-deficient knee.Evidence reviewAuthors performed a systematic search for cadaveric studies analysing the effect of medial and lateral meniscus tears or resection on kinematics of ACL-deficient knee. Extracted data included year of publications, number of human cadaver knee specimens, description of apparatus testing and instrumented kinematic evaluation, testing protocol and results.FindingsAuthors identified 18 studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria of current review. The major finding of the review was that the works included reported a difference role of medial and lateral meniscus in restraining ACL-deficient knee laxity. Medial meniscus tear or resection resulted in a significant increase of anterior tibial displacement. Lateral meniscus lesions or meniscectomy on the other hand significantly increased rotation and translation under a coupled valgus stress and internal-rotation torque/pivot shift test.ConclusionsMedial and lateral meniscus have a different role in stabilising the ACL-deficient knee: while the medial meniscus functions as a critical secondary stabilisers of anterior tibial translation under an anterior/posterior load, lateral meniscus appears to be a more important restraint of rotational and dynamic laxity.Level of evidenceLevel IV, systematic review of level I–IV studies.
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Zaffagnini S, Di Paolo S, Stefanelli F, Dal Fabbro G, Macchiarola L, Lucidi GA, Grassi A. The biomechanical role of meniscal allograft transplantation and preliminary in-vivo kinematic evaluation. J Exp Orthop 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 31240420 PMCID: PMC6593038 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-019-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is a surgical procedure performed in patients complaining post-meniscectomy syndrome. Although the effectiveness of MAT on knee stability has been already demonstrated in cadaveric studies, its biomechanical role has been poorly evaluated in-vivo. METHODS A narrative review of the biomechanical effect of meniscectomy and MAT was performed. Furthermore, two cases were presented, of one patient who underwent Medial MAT and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and one who underwent Lateral MAT. During the surgery, knee laxity was evaluated using a surgical navigation system. RESULTS AP laxity and IE rotation were reduced of 25% to 50% at both 30° and 90° of knee flexion after MAT transplantation. DISCUSSION In both cases, almost all the tests performed showed a reduction of knee laxity after meniscus transplant, when compared with pre-operative knee laxity. This assessment confirms the insights of previous in-vitro studies and underline a crucial role of MAT in knee biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zaffagnini
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Paolo
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Stefanelli
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Dal Fabbro
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Macchiarola
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Andrea Lucidi
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Grassi
- IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie DIBINEM, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dejour D, Pungitore M, Valluy J, Nover L, Saffarini M, Demey G. Preoperative laxity in ACL-deficient knees increases with posterior tibial slope and medial meniscal tears. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:564-572. [PMID: 30269166 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine patient and anatomic factors that influence anteroposterior and rotational laxity in knees with ACL tears. Based on the findings of biomechanical studies, we hypothesized that static and dynamic anterior tibial translation (ATT) as well as positive pivot shift would increase with female gender, tibial slope, and meniscal tears. METHODS The authors prospectively collected preoperative data and intraoperative findings of 417 patients that underwent ACL reconstruction. The exclusion criteria were: revision ACL procedures (n = 53), other surgical antecedents (n = 27), prior osteotomies (n = 7) or concomitant ligament tears on the ipsilateral knee (n = 34), and history of ACL tears in the contralateral knee (n = 45), leaving a study cohort of 251 patients. Their preoperative anteroposterior knee laxity was assessed objectively using 'static' monopodal weight-bearing radiographs and 'dynamic' instrumented differential measurements of ATT. Rotational laxity was assessed subjectively using the pivot shift test. RESULTS Multivariable regression showed that static ATT increases only with tibial slope (β = 0.30; p < 0.001), but dynamic ATT increases with tibial slope (β = 0.19; p = 0.041), medial meniscal tears (β = 1.27; p = 0.007), complete ACL tears (β = 2.06; p < 0.001), and to decrease with age (β = - 0.09; p < 0.001). Multivariable regression also indicated that high-grade pivot shift decreases with age (OR 0.94; p < 0.001) and for women (OR 0.25; p < 0.001), and to be higher for knees with complete ACL tears (OR 3.04; p = 0.002) or medial meniscal tears (OR 2.28; p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations based on biomechanical studies, static ATT was only affected by high posterior tibial slope, while dynamic ATT was affected by both high posterior tibial slopes and medial meniscal tears, but not by gender or lateral meniscal tears. Likewise, pivot shift was affected by gender and medial meniscal tears, but not lateral meniscal tears or posterior tibial slope. These findings are relevant to guide surgeons in optimizing their surgical procedures, such as conserving the menisci when possible, and rehabilitation protocols, by delaying full weight-bearing and return to sports in patients with anatomic and lesional risk factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Cohort study, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dejour
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourion, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Pungitore
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourion, 69009, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Valluy
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Luca Nover
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Mo Saffarini
- ReSurg SA, Chemin de Vuarpilliere 35, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Guillaume Demey
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 8 Avenue Ben Gourion, 69009, Lyon, France
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Hoshino Y, Miyaji N, Nishida K, Nishizawa Y, Araki D, Kanzaki N, Kakutani K, Matsushita T, Kuroda R. The concomitant lateral meniscus injury increased the pivot shift in the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:646-651. [PMID: 30310925 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concomitant meniscus injuries in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have been suggested to exacerbate rotational laxity. However, the effect is supposed to be so small, if any, that some quantitative pivot-shift measurement is needed. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the effect of meniscus tear on rotational laxity in ACL-deficient knees by an quantitative measurement. It was hypothesized that a concomitant meniscus tear, especially a lateral one, would induce greater pivot shift. METHODS Fifty-seven unilateral ACL-injured patients (26 men and 31 women, mean age: 24 ± 10 years) were included. The pivot-shift test was performed prior to ACL reconstruction, while a quantitative evaluation using an electromagnetic system to determine tibial acceleration and a clinical grading according to the IKDC were performed. Meniscus injuries were diagnosed arthroscopically, and concomitant meniscus tear was confirmed in 32 knees. RESULTS The clinical grade was not different between the ACL-injured knees of patients with and without meniscus tear (n.s.). Tibial acceleration did not show a statistical significant difference (meniscus-injured knees: 1.6 ± 1.1 m/s2 versus meniscus-intact knees: 1.2 ± 0.7 m/s2, n.s.). However, the subgroup analysis demonstrated that there was increased tibial acceleration in ACL-deficient knees with lateral meniscus tear (2.1 ± 1.1 m/s2, n = 13) compared with meniscus-intact knees (p < 0.05), whereas rotational laxity did not increase in the medial meniscus-injured and bilateral-injured knees (1.2 ± 0.9 m/s2, n = 12, n.s. and 1.4 ± 1.1 m/s2, n = 7, n.s., respectively). CONCLUSION A concomitant meniscus tear, especially a lateral meniscus tear, has a significant impact on rotational laxity in ACL-injured knees. When a large pivot shift is observed in the ACL-injured knee, a concomitant meniscus tear should be suspected and an aggressive treatment would be considered. Meniscus injuries should be inspected carefully when substantial pivot shift is encountered in ACL-injured knees. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Miyaji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Araki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kakutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Tagliero AJ, Desai VS, Kennedy NI, Camp CL, Stuart MJ, Levy BA, Dahm DL, Krych AJ. Seventeen-Year Follow-up After Meniscal Repair With Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:3361-3367. [PMID: 30422671 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518803934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown good and excellent clinical and radiographic results after meniscal repair. Limited published information exists on the long-term outcomes, however, especially in a pediatric and adolescent population. PURPOSE To determine long-term results of meniscal repair and concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a pediatric and adolescent population. Specifically, the aims were to determine the clinical success rate of meniscal repair with concomitant ACL reconstruction, compare results with midterm outcomes, and analyze risk factors for failure. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Cases of meniscal repair with concomitant ACL reconstruction between 1990 and 2005 were reviewed among patients aged ≤18 years. Patient demographics, injury history, and surgical details were recorded, and risk factors for failure were analyzed. Physical examination findings and clinical outcomes at latest available follow-up were collected. Subjective knee outcomes were compared with midterm results. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were used to evaluate the available data. RESULTS Forty-seven patients (30 females, 17 males) with a mean age of 16 years (SD, 1.37) and a mean follow-up of 16.6 years (SD, 3.57) were included in this study. Overall, 13 patients (28%) failed meniscal repair and required repeat surgery at the time of final follow-up. Of the 13 failures, 9 underwent a subsequent meniscectomy; 2, meniscectomy and revision ACL reconstruction; 1, meniscal repair and revision ACL reconstruction; and 1, meniscal repair and subsequent meniscectomy. Mean International Knee Documentation Committee scores improved from 47.9 preoperatively to 87.7 postoperatively ( P < .01), and the mean score at long-term follow-up (87.7) did not significantly differ from that at the midterm follow-up (88.5) at a mean 7.4 years ( P = .97). Mean Tegner Activity Scale scores improved from 1.9 preoperatively to 6.3 postoperatively ( P < .01) and decreased from 8.3 at preinjury to 6.3 at final long-term follow-up ( P < .01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the long-term overall clinical success rate (failure-free survival) was 72% for repair of pediatric and adolescent meniscal tears in the setting of concomitant ACL reconstruction. Patients reported excellent knee subjective outcome scores that remained favorable when compared with midterm follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Tagliero
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vishal S Desai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas I Kennedy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher L Camp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diane L Dahm
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Vaquero-Picado A, Rodríguez-Merchán EC. Arthroscopic repair of the meniscus: Surgical management and clinical outcomes. EFORT Open Rev 2018; 3:584-594. [PMID: 30595844 PMCID: PMC6275851 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
From the biomechanical and biological points of view, an arthroscopic meniscal repair (AMR) should always be considered as an option. However, AMR has a higher reoperation rate compared with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, so it should be carefully indicated. Compared with meniscectomy, AMR outcomes are better and the incidence of osteoarthritis is lower when it is well indicated. Factors influencing healing and satisfactory results must be carefully evaluated before indicating an AMR. Tears in the peripheral third are more likely to heal than those in the inner thirds. Vertical peripheral longitudinal tears are the best scenario in terms of success when facing an AMR. ‘Inside-out’ techniques were considered as the gold standard for large repairs on mid-body and posterior parts of the meniscus. However, recent studies do not demonstrate differences regarding failure rate, functional outcomes and complications, when compared with the ‘all-inside’ techniques. Some biological therapies try to enhance meniscal repair success but their efficacy needs further research. These are: mechanical stimulation, supplemental bone marrow stimulation, platelet rich plasma, stem cell therapy, and scaffolds and membranes. Meniscal root tear/avulsion dramatically compromises meniscal stability, accelerating cartilage degeneration. Several options for reattachment have been proposed, but no differences between them have been established. However, repair of these lesions is actually the reference of the treatment. Meniscal ramp lesions consist of disruption of the peripheral attachment of the meniscus. In contrast, with meniscal root tears, the treatment of reference has not yet been well established.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:584-594. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170059
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Sundemo D, Sernert N, Kartus J, Hamrin Senorski E, Svantesson E, Karlsson J, Samuelsson K. Increased Postoperative Manual Knee Laxity at 2 Years Results in Inferior Long-term Subjective Outcome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:2632-2645. [PMID: 30067079 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518786476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased postoperative rotatory knee laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may be associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis and inferior subjective outcome, although long-term studies are lacking. In terms of anteroposterior knee laxity, this association has not yet been established. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate whether postoperative knee laxity is associated with inferior long-term outcome in patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. The hypothesis was that increased laxity would cause an inferior long-term clinical and radiographic outcome. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 193 patients underwent ACL reconstruction and were examined at both 2 and 16 years postoperatively. At the 2-year follow-up, knee laxity was tested by use of the Lachman test, the anterior drawer test, the pivot-shift test, and the KT-1000 arthrometer. Outcome variables examined at the 16-year follow-up involved a radiographic assessment of osteoarthritis, patient-reported outcome measurements, and the single-legged hop test. RESULTS At the long-term follow-up, 147 (76%) patients were examined. The mean follow-up period for the included patients was 16.4 ± 1.2 years. A negative Lachman test at 2 years resulted in a superior International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (76.3 ± 19.4 vs 67.8 ± 19.3, P < .05) and Lysholm score (85.2 ± 11.9 vs 76.9 ± 17.8, P < .05) at the 16-year follow-up. Correspondingly, a negative anterior drawer test at 2 years was associated with a superior IKDC score (75.3 ± 18.7 vs 62.9 ± 20.2, P < .05) and Lysholm score (84.1 ± 12.1 vs 72.6 ± 20.2, P < .05) at 16 years. A negative pivot-shift test resulted in a superior IKDC score (74.5 ± 18.8 vs 46.9 ± 17.8, P < .05), a superior Lysholm score (83.3 ± 13.4 vs 58.9 ± 23.0, P < .05), and an increased level of activity (Tegner activity scale, median [range]: 4 [1-10] vs 3 [0-5], P < .05). Osteoarthritis was overrepresented in patients with positive manual knee laxity tests, but the difference was not statistically significant. The KT-1000 arthrometer result was not correlated with any outcome variables assessed in this study. CONCLUSION Increased manual anteroposterior and rotatory knee laxity 2 years after ACL reconstruction is associated with an inferior long-term subjective outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sundemo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Eric Hamrin Senorski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eleonor Svantesson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jón Karlsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kristian Samuelsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Risk Factors for Abnormal Anteroposterior Knee Laxity After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2018; 34:2478-2484. [PMID: 29752059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with abnormal anterior knee laxity after primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS A total of 5,462 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction at our institution from January 2000 to October 2015, with no associated ligament injuries, were included. Demographic data, information regarding graft used, concomitant meniscal surgery, and instrumented laxity were reviewed. The KT-1000 arthrometer, with an anterior tibial load of 134 N, was used to evaluate knee laxity preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Patients were considered to have abnormal anterior knee laxity if the postoperative side-to-side difference was greater than 5 mm (International Knee Documentation Committee laxity grade C or D). A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate whether patient age, gender, preoperative knee laxity, graft type, and presence of medial or lateral meniscus resection or suture were risk factors for abnormal knee laxity. RESULTS The risk of having abnormal anterior knee laxity was significantly related to younger age (<30 years) (odds ratio [OR] 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.95; P = .016), preoperative side-to-side difference greater than 5 mm (OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 4.94-8.73; P < .001), hamstring tendon graft (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.08-3.11; P = .025), and medial meniscus resection (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.61-3.07; P < .001). Female gender (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.72-1.28; P = .80), medial meniscus suture (OR, 0.82; 95% CI 0.42-1.62; P = .58), lateral meniscus resection (OR, 0.73; 95% CI 0.49-1.10; P = .13), and lateral meniscus suture (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.46-2.11; P = .98) were not associated with increased risk of abnormal knee laxity. CONCLUSIONS Age less than 30 years, preoperative side-to-side difference greater than 5 mm, hamstring tendon graft, and medial meniscus resection are associated with increased risk of having abnormal anterior knee laxity 6 months after primary ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
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Sommerfeldt M, Raheem A, Whittaker J, Hui C, Otto D. Recurrent Instability Episodes and Meniscal or Cartilage Damage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6:2325967118786507. [PMID: 30057927 PMCID: PMC6058426 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118786507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may be associated with increased risk of subsequent knee joint damage and osteoarthritis (OA). The relationship between recurrent instability episodes and meniscal or cartilage damage after first-time ACL injury is unknown. Purpose To assess the association between recurrent knee instability episodes and prevalence of meniscal lesions, cartilage damage, and OA after first-time ACL injury. Study Design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Six electronic databases were systematically searched using keywords and Medical Subject Heading terms. Studies selected were of English language, included original data, had a prospective design, and provided an outcome of recurrent instability and meniscal lesions, cartilage damage, or OA after first-time ACL injury. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were extracted or unadjusted ORs (95% CI) were calculated. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and 2 independent raters assessed study quality using Downs and Black criteria. Results Of 905 potentially relevant studies, 7 were included. Sample sizes ranged from 43 to 541, and Downs and Black scores ranged from 2 to 12. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Six studies reported a positive association between recurrent instability episodes and medial meniscal damage (OR range, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.24-9.99] to 11.56 [1.37-521.06]). The association between instability episodes and lateral meniscal or cartilage damage was inconsistent. No studies examined the association between instability episodes and OA. Conclusion This systematic review provides preliminary evidence that recurrent instability episodes after first-time ACL injury may be associated with increased odds of medial meniscal damage. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis, education, and treatment for individuals with ACL injury, all of which must include a specific focus on the prevention and management of instability episodes. High-quality, prospective cohort studies are needed that assess the effects of diagnostic and treatment delay, recurrent instability episodes on secondary meniscal and cartilage damage, and OA after an initial ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sommerfeldt
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdul Raheem
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jackie Whittaker
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Hui
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Otto
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Cristiani R, Rönnblad E, Engström B, Forssblad M, Stålman A. Medial Meniscus Resection Increases and Medial Meniscus Repair Preserves Anterior Knee Laxity: A Cohort Study of 4497 Patients With Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:357-362. [PMID: 29065270 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517737054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still controversies regarding the effects on knee laxity of additional meniscus resection or repair in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to determine the effects on knee laxity of resection or repair of medial meniscus (MM) or lateral meniscus (LM) injuries in the ACLR knee. The hypothesis was that patients with an additional meniscus resection would have significantly increased postoperative knee laxity versus that of an isolated ACLR, whereas patients with meniscus repair would have laxity comparable to that of an isolated ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS The KT-1000 arthrometer, with an anterior tibial load of 134 N, was used to evaluate knee laxity preoperatively and at 6-month postoperative follow-up for a total of 4497 patients with primary hamstring tendon ACLR. Patients with isolated ACLR or ACLR with additional MM resection, MM repair, LM resection, LM repair, or MM plus LM resection were compared, with the isolated ACLR group as a control. RESULTS All patients showed a significant reduction of knee laxity preoperatively (3.6 ± 3.1 mm) to postoperatively (1.9 ± 2.2 mm) ( P < 0.0001). Patients who had an ACLR with either an MM resection (2.2 ± 2.55 mm) or MM + LM resection (2.35 ± 2.30 mm) showed significant increased postoperative knee laxity versus isolated ACLR (1.74 mm ± 2.11 mm) ( P < 0.05), whereas patients with MM repair (1.69 ± 2.37 mm) did not show significantly different knee laxity when compared with the control group ( P > 0.05). LM resection or repair did not significantly affect knee laxity. Significantly more surgical failures, defined as side-to-side difference >5 mm, were found in the ACLR + MM resection group and the ACLR + MM + LM resection group. CONCLUSION In ACLR, additional MM resection increased whereas MM repair preserved knee laxity in comparison with the ACLR knee with intact menisci. Neither LM resection or LM repair showed a significant effect on knee laxity. Surgeons should make every effort to repair the meniscus whenever possible to avoid the residual postoperative laxity present in the meniscus-deficient knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristiani
- Capio Artro Clinic, Valhallavägen, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Rönnblad
- Capio Artro Clinic, Valhallavägen, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Engström
- Capio Artro Clinic, Valhallavägen, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Forssblad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Stålman
- Capio Artro Clinic, Valhallavägen, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Arner JW, Herbst E, Burnham JM, Soni A, Naendrup JH, Popchak A, Fu FH, Musahl V. MRI can accurately detect meniscal ramp lesions of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:3955-3960. [PMID: 28343325 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior horn meniscal tears are commonly found in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Some believe tears in the posterior meniscocapsular zone, coined ramp lesions, are important to knee stability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pre-operative MRI evaluation was able to accurately and reproducibly identify ramp lesions. METHODS Three blinded reviewers assessed MRIs twice for the presence of ramp lesions in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for MRI were calculated based on arthroscopic diagnosis of a ramp lesion. Intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated to assess intra- and interobserver reliability of the MRI assessment between the three examiners. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Ninety patients met inclusion criteria (45 males, 45 females, mean age 28.0 years). Thirteen of these patients had arthroscopy-confirmed ramp lesions, while the other 77 had other meniscal pathology. Sensitivity of detecting a ramp lesion on MRI ranged from 53.9 to 84.6%, while specificity was 92.3-98.7%. Negative predictive value was 91.1-97.4%, while positive predictive value was 50.0-90.0%. Inter-rater reliability between three reviewers was moderate at 0.56. The observers had excellent intra-rater reliability ranging from 0.75 to 0.81. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates high sensitivity and excellent specificity in detecting meniscal ramp lesions on MRI. Ramp lesions are likely more common and may have greater clinical implications than previously appreciated; the outcomes of untreated lesions must be investigated. Pre-operative identification of ramp lesions may aid clinicians in surgical planning and patient education to improve outcomes by addressing pathology which may have otherwise been missed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Arner
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Elmar Herbst
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Jeremy M Burnham
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Ashish Soni
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | | | - Adam Popchak
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Freddie H Fu
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
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41
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Parkinson B, Robb C, Thomas M, Thompson P, Spalding T. Factors That Predict Failure in Anatomic Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1529-1536. [PMID: 28296429 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517691961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomic graft placement in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has become the preferred technique for many surgeons. The predictive factors for graft failure in anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction are relatively unknown. PURPOSE To determine the risk factors for graft failure and the relative importance of those factors in anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS All primary anatomic ACL reconstructions undertaken at a single institution over a 2-year period were evaluated for subjective and objective measures of graft failure. Risk factors evaluated included time since ACL rupture, age, sex, body mass index, intact or deficient medial and lateral meniscus, meniscal repair, hamstring graft size, and femoral and tibial tunnel position as assessed by 3D computed tomography (CT) scan. The significant factors predicting failure and the relative importance of those factors were determined. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 26 months, 123 patients were available for analysis. Ninety-seven patients underwent postoperative 3D CT for tunnel positions, including all 20 cases with graft failure. The significant predictors of graft failure were medial meniscal deficiency (hazard ratio [HR] 15.1; 95% CI, 4.7-48.5; P < .001), lateral meniscal deficiency (HR 9.9; 95% CI, 3-33; P < .001), shallow nonanatomic femoral tunnel positioning (HR 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6-11.6; P = .004), and younger patient age (HR 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9-1; P = .008). CONCLUSION Meniscal deficiency is the most significant factor to predict graft failure in single-bundle anatomic ACL reconstruction. Shallow nonanatomic femoral tunnel positioning and younger patient age are additional risk factors for failure, but their relative importance is less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Parkinson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Curtis Robb
- Warrington and Halton NHS Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - Michael Thomas
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW), Coventry, UK
| | - Peter Thompson
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW), Coventry, UK
| | - Tim Spalding
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW), Coventry, UK
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42
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Zaffagnini S, Signorelli C, Bonanzinga T, Grassi A, Galán H, Akkawi I, Bragonzoni L, Cataldi F, Marcacci M. Does meniscus removal affect ACL-deficient knee laxity? An in vivo study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:3599-3604. [PMID: 27371290 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-016-4222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to determine, in vivo, the effect of different types of meniscectomy on an ACL-deficient knee. METHODS Using a computer-assisted navigation system, 56 consecutive patients (45 men and 11 women) were subjected to a biomechanical testing with Lachman test (AP30), drawer test (AP90), internal/external rotation test, varus/valgus rotation test and pivot-shift test. The patients were divided into three groups according to the status of the medial meniscus. Group BH, 8 patients with bucket-handle tear of medial meniscus underwent a subtotal meniscectomy; Group PHB, 19 patients with posterior horn body of medial meniscus tear underwent a partial meniscectomy; and Group CG with isolated ACL rupture, as a control group, with 29 patients. RESULTS A significant difference in anterior tibial translation was seen at 30 grades and in 90 grades between BH and PHB groups compared to the CG. In response to pivot-shift test, no significant differences in terms of AREA and POSTERIOR ACC were found among the three groups (n.s). Concerning the anterior displacement of the pivot shift a statistically significant differences among the three tested groups was found. CONCLUSION The present study shows that meniscal defects significantly affect the kinematics of an ACL-deficient knee in terms of anterior tibial translation under static and dynamic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaffagnini
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - C Signorelli
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - T Bonanzinga
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - A Grassi
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - H Galán
- Instituto Dr. Jaime Slullitel, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - I Akkawi
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - L Bragonzoni
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - F Cataldi
- Anestesia e terapia intensiva post operatoria e del dolore, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - M Marcacci
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, BO, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
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43
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Fleaca R, Prejbeanu R, Feier AM, Russu O, Todor A, Predescu V, Codorean B, Bățagă T, Roman M. Single- or Double-Bundle Technique in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction — Current Concepts and Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2016-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee consists in its surgical reconstruction. There are several available and validated techniques, but there are still numerous questions to be answered concerning the best approach in terms of stability, functional outcome, and avoiding further damage in the knee. This paper sought to analyze the studies published in the literature comparing the outcomes of ACL restoration with single-bundle versus double-bundle techniques. The results demonstrate that even if biomechanical studies find an increased steadiness with double-bundle ACL reconstruction, there seems to be no clinical or functional benefit compared with single-bundle reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Fleaca
- “Victor Papillan” Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Radu Prejbeanu
- “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Andrei-Marian Feier
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureș, Str. Gheorghe Marinescu nr. 38 540139, Romania
| | - Octav Russu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adrian Todor
- “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Predescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Codorean
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Bățagă
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Mihai Roman
- “Victor Papillan” Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania
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44
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Song GY, Liu X, Zhang H, Wang QQ, Zhang J, Li Y, Feng H. Increased Medial Meniscal Slope Is Associated With Greater Risk of Ramp Lesion in Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:2039-46. [PMID: 27159288 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516640516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A special type of meniscal lesion involving the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (PHMM), termed ramp lesion, is commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, no study has investigated its anatomic risk factors. Recently, increased meniscal slope has been identified as an independent anatomic risk factor for noncontact ACL injury. HYPOTHESIS Increased medial meniscal slope (MMS) as measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will correlate with greater risk of concomitant ramp lesion in noncontact ACL injury. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS From January 2011 to December 2013, a total of 1012 consecutive patients were diagnosed as having noncontact ACL injuries and underwent primary ACL reconstructions. Among them, 160 patients were arthroscopically verified to have concomitant ramp lesions. Study exclusion criteria included partial ACL rupture, multiligamentous injury, associated medial/lateral meniscal lesions other than ramp lesion, skeletal immaturity, general joint laxity, severe malalignment of the lower extremity, history of knee surgery, lack of available preoperative MRI, and history of trauma to the proximal tibia. This left 53 patients in the study group (ACL + ramp group), who were matched in a 1:1 fashion to 53 control participants (isolated ACL group) who were arthroscopically verified to have isolated complete ACL injury during the same study period. Patients were matched by age, sex, and time from injury to surgery (TFI). Patients from the matched control group were selected by applying the same exclusion criteria as mentioned above. The MMS and medial posterior tibial slope (MPTS) were measured on the preoperative MRI in a blinded fashion. Predictors of ramp lesion, including MMS, MPTS, body mass index, pivot-shift test grade, and KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference, were assessed by multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean MMS in the study group was 3.5°, which was significantly larger than that in the control group (2.0°; P < .001). In addition, increased MMS was significantly (odds ratio [OR], 5.180; 95% CI, 1.814-32.957; P < .001) associated with concomitant ramp lesion in noncontact ACL injury, especially for those with a TFI of ≥6 months (OR, 13.819; 95% CI, 2.251-49.585; P < .001). However, no significant association was identified between MPTS and concomitant ramp lesion. CONCLUSION Increased MMS was identified to be an independent anatomic risk factor of concomitant ramp lesions in noncontact ACL injuries, particularly for those with a TFI ≥6 months. This may provide additional information for counseling patients who have increased MMS on the greater risk of secondary PHMM lesions if their ACL-deficient knee joints are not well stabilized initially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yang Song
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Clinical Research & Evidence-based Medicine Center, Beijing Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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45
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Nagai K, Araki D, Matsushita T, Nishizawa Y, Hoshino Y, Matsumoto T, Takayama K, Nakano N, Nagamune K, Kurosaka M, Kuroda R. Biomechanical Function of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnants: Quantitative Measurement With a 3-Dimensional Electromagnetic Measurement System. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:1359-66. [PMID: 27056291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate quantitatively the biomechanical function of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remnants in patients with ACL injuries. Anterior tibial translation (ATT) with KT-1000 and during the Lachman test with an electromagnetic measurement system (EMS) and tibial acceleration during the pivot shift test with EMS were measured. METHODS A total of 121 unilateral ACL injuries were examined. ACL remnants were morphologically classified as being attached to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL group), to the roof of the intercondylar notch (RIN group), to the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch (LWIN group), or as having no substantial remnants (NONE group). Partial ACL tears were excluded. ATT was measured using KT-1000. ATT during the Lachman test and tibial acceleration during the pivot shift test were measured using EMS. RESULTS ACL remnant patterns were as follows: PCL group, 27 knees; RIN group, 34 knees; LWIN group, 27 knees; and NONE group, 33 knees. The ATT side-to-side difference in LWIN group (3.4 ± 0.7 mm) by KT-1000 was significantly smaller than the RIN (5.7 ± 1.0 mm) and NONE groups (5.9 ± 1.0 mm) (P < .05). The ATT side-to-side difference during the Lachman test was significantly smaller in the LWIN group (5.3 ± 1.2 mm) than the PCL (8.6 ± 1.4 mm), RIN (8.5 ± 1.2 mm), and NONE groups (7.6 ± 1.0 mm) (P < .05). Tibial accelerations were 2.0 ± 0.4, 1.7 ± 0.2, 1.9 ± 0.2, and 1.8 ± 0.3 m/s(2) in the PCL, RIN, LWIN, and NONE groups, respectively. There were no significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS ACL remnants attached to the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch partially contributed to anterior-posterior stability but did not contribute to dynamic knee stability. These findings suggest that ACL remnants attached to nonanatomic insertion sites do not contribute significantly to knee stabilization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, diagnostic study of nonconsecutive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanto Nagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kouki Nagamune
- Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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