1
|
Tarquini G, Dall'Ara M, Ermacora P, Ratti C. Traditional Approaches and Emerging Biotechnologies in Grapevine Virology. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040826. [PMID: 37112807 PMCID: PMC10142720 DOI: 10.3390/v15040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes and global warming may promote the emergence of unknown viruses, whose spread is favored by the trade in plant products. Viruses represent a major threat to viticulture and the wine industry. Their management is challenging and mostly relies on prophylactic measures that are intended to prevent the introduction of viruses into vineyards. Besides the use of virus-free planting material, the employment of agrochemicals is a major strategy to prevent the spread of insect vectors in vineyards. According to the goal of the European Green Deal, a 50% decrease in the use of agrochemicals is expected before 2030. Thus, the development of alternative strategies that allow the sustainable control of viral diseases in vineyards is strongly needed. Here, we present a set of innovative biotechnological tools that have been developed to induce virus resistance in plants. From transgenesis to the still-debated genome editing technologies and RNAi-based strategies, this review discusses numerous illustrative studies that highlight the effectiveness of these promising tools for the management of viral infections in grapevine. Finally, the development of viral vectors from grapevine viruses is described, revealing their positive and unconventional roles, from targets to tools, in emerging biotechnologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarquini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia Dall'Ara
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Ratti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A single resistance factor to solve vineyard degeneration due to grapevine fanleaf virus. Commun Biol 2021; 4:637. [PMID: 34050254 PMCID: PMC8163887 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine fanleaf disease, caused by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), transmitted by the soil-borne nematode Xiphinema index, provokes severe symptoms and economic losses, threatening vineyards worldwide. As no effective solution exists so far to control grapevine fanleaf disease in an environmentally friendly way, we investigated the presence of resistance to GFLV in grapevine genetic resources. We discovered that the Riesling variety displays resistance to GFLV, although it is susceptible to X. index. This resistance is determined by a single recessive factor located on grapevine chromosome 1, which we have named rgflv1. The discovery of rgflv1 paves the way for the first effective and environmentally friendly solution to control grapevine fanleaf disease through the development of new GFLV-resistant grapevine rootstocks, which was hitherto an unthinkable prospect. Moreover, rgflv1 is putatively distinct from the virus susceptibility factors already described in plants.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabbadini S, Capriotti L, Limera C, Navacchi O, Tempesta G, Mezzetti B. A plant regeneration platform to apply new breeding techniques for improving disease resistance in grapevine rootstocks and cultivars. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191201019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide grapevine cultivation is based on the use of elite cultivars, in many cases strictly linked to local important wine brands. Most of Vitis viniferacultivars have high susceptibility to fungal and viral diseases therefore, new breeding techniques (e.g. Cisgenesis, RNAi and gene editing) offer the possibility to introduce new clones of the main cultivars with increased diseases resistance, in order to reduce environmental impact and improve quality in the intensive wine grape industry. This study is finalized to develop efficient in vitro regeneration and transformation protocols to extend the application of these technologies in wine grape cultivars and rootstocks. With this aim, in vitro regeneration protocols based on the production of meristematic bulks (Mezzetti et al., 2002) were optimized for different grapevine cultivars (Glera, Vermentino, Sangiovese, Thompson Seedless) and rootstocks (1103 Paulsen, and 110 Richter). The meristematic bulks were then used as explants for Agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation protocols, by comparing the use of NPTII and e-GFP as marker genes. Results confirmed the efficiency of meristematic bulks as the regenerating tissue to produce new modified plants in almost all the above genotypes. The highest regeneration efficiency in some genotypes allowed the selection of stable modified lines/calli with only the use of e-GFP marker gene. This protocol can be applied in the use of MYB marker gene for the production of cisgenic lines. Genotypes having the highest regeneration and transformation efficiency were also used for transformation experiments using a hairpin gene construct designed to silence the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RpRd) of the GFLV and GLRaV3, which would induce multiple virus resistances, and the Dicer-like protein 1 (Bc-DCL1) and Bc-DCL2 to control B. cinerea infection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Karthik S, Tuteja N, Ganapathi A, Manickavasagam M. Pea p68, a DEAD-box helicase, enhances salt tolerance in marker-free transgenic plants of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:10. [PMID: 30622848 PMCID: PMC6314947 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein p68 is a prototype constituent of DEAD-box protein family, which is involved in RNA metabolism, induced during abiotic stress conditions. In order to address the salinity stress faced by economically important soybean crop, we have transformed soybean cv. PUSA 9712 via direct organogenesis with marker free construct of p68 gene by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The putative transgenic plants were screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Dot blot analysis and Southern blot hybridization. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) established that the p68 gene expressed in three out of five southern positive (T1) plants. The transformed (T1) soybean plants survived irrigation upto 200 mM of NaCl whereas the non-transformed (NT) plants could not survive even 150 mM NaCl. The transgenic soybean (T1) plants showed a higher accumulation of chlorophyll, proline, CAT, APX, SOD, RWC, DHAR and MDHAR than the NT plants under salinity stress conditions. The transformed (T1) soybean plants also retained a higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation as compared to NT plants. Further analysis revealed that (T1) soybean plants accumulated higher K+ and lower Na+ levels than NT plants. Yield performance of transformed soybean plants was estimated in the transgenic green house under salinity stress conditions. The transformed (T1) soybean plants expressing the p68 gene were morphologically similar to non-transformed plants and produced 22-24 soybean pods/plant containing 8-9 g (dry weight) of seeds at 200 mM NaCl concentration. The present investigation evidenced the role of the p68 gene against salinity, by enhancing the tolerance towards salinity stress in soybean plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivabalan Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024 India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Andy Ganapathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024 India
| | - Markandan Manickavasagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Y, Joyce PA. Application of droplet digital PCR to determine copy number of endogenous genes and transgenes in sugarcane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1775-1783. [PMID: 28849385 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Droplet digital PCR combined with the low copy ACT allele as endogenous reference gene, makes accurate and rapid estimation of gene copy number in Q208 A and Q240 A attainable. Sugarcane is an important cultivated crop with both high polyploidy and aneuploidy in its 10 Gb genome. Without a known copy number reference gene, it is difficult to accurately estimate the copy number of any gene of interest by PCR-based methods in sugarcane. Recently, a new technology, known as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been developed which can measure the absolute amount of the target DNA in a given sample. In this study, we deduced the true copy number of three endogenous genes, actin depolymerizing factor (ADF), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and actin (ACT) in three Australian sugarcane varieties, using ddPCR by comparing the absolute amounts of the above genes with a transgene of known copy number. A single copy of the ACT allele was detected in Q208 A , two copies in Q240 A , but was absent in Q117. Copy number variation was also observed for both APRT and ADF, and ranged from 9 to 11 in the three tested varieties. Using this newly developed ddPCR method, transgene copy number was successfully determined in 19 transgenic Q208 A and Q240 A events using ACT as the reference endogenous gene. Our study demonstrates that ddPCR can be used for high-throughput genetic analysis and is a quick, accurate and reliable alternative method for gene copy number determination in sugarcane. This discovered ACT allele would be a suitable endogenous reference gene for future gene copy number variation and dosage studies of functional genes in Q208 A and Q240 A .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Sugar Research Australia, 50 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia.
| | - Priya Aiyar Joyce
- Sugar Research Australia, 50 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He R, Wu J, Zhang Y, Agüero CB, Li X, Liu S, Wang C, Walker MA, Lu J. Overexpression of a thaumatin-like protein gene from Vitis amurensis improves downy mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera grapevine. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1579-1589. [PMID: 27900595 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew is a highly destructive disease in grapevine production. A gene encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) thaumatin-like protein was isolated from the downy mildew-resistant grapevine "Zuoshan-1," a clonal selection from wild Vitis amurensis Rupr. The predicted thaumatin-like protein (VaTLP) has 225 amino acids and it is acidic, with a calculated isoelectric point of 4.8. The full length of the VaTLP gene was transformed into somatic embryogenic calli of V. vinifera 'Thompson Seedless' via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed that the VaTLP gene was expressed at a high level in the transgenic grapevines. Improved resistance of the transgenic lines against downy mildew was evaluated using leaf disks and whole plants inoculated with Plasmopara viticola, the pathogen causing grapevine downy mildew disease. Bioassay of the pathogen showed that both hyphae growth and asexual reproduction were inhibited significantly among the transgenic plants. Histological analysis also confirmed this disease resistance by demonstrating the inhibition and malformation of hyphae development in leaf tissue of the transgenic plants. These results indicated that the accumulation of VaTLP could enhance resistance to P. viticola in transgenic 'Thompson Seedless' grapevines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Cecilia B Agüero
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xinlong Li
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chaoxia Wang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - M Andrew Walker
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jiang Lu
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Grapevine is a high value vegetatively propagated fruit crop that suffers from numerous viruses, including some that seriously affect the profitability of vineyards. Nowadays, 64 viruses belonging to different genera and families have been reported in grapevines and new virus species will likely be described in the future. Three viral diseases namely leafroll, rugose wood, and infectious degeneration are of major economic importance worldwide. The viruses associated with these diseases are transmitted by mealybugs, scale and soft scale insects, or dagger nematodes. Here, we review control measures of the major grapevine viral diseases. More specifically, emphasis is laid on (i) approaches for the production of clean stocks and propagative material through effective sanitation, robust diagnosis, as well as local and regional certification efforts, (ii) the management of vectors of viruses using cultural, biological, and chemical methods, and (iii) the production of resistant grapevines mainly through the application of genetic engineering. The benefits and limitations of the different control measures are discussed with regard to accomplishments and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara I Maliogka
- Faculty of agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Lab, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Marc Fuchs
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, USA
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Faculty of agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Lab, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ho HS, Vishwakarma RK, Chen ECF, Tsay HS. Activation tagging in Salvia miltiorrhiza can cause increased leaf size and accumulation of tanshinone I and IIA in its roots. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:37. [PMID: 28510878 PMCID: PMC5432761 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One of the major bioactive constituents of Danshen, diterpenoid tanshinone, has been proved with pharmacological properties and have the potential to be a new drug candidate against various diseases. In our previous study, we have established an activation tagging mutagenesis (ATM) population of callus lines of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge by Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. RESULTS In the present study, we have identified ATM transgenic Salvia plant (SH41) with different leaf morphology and more tanshinones in its roots. The transgenic background of SH41 was identified by PCR (using hpt II primers) and Southern blots. PCR analysis showed a single band of hpt II gene and Southern blot analysis showed single insertion in SH41. External appearance of ATM transgenic SH41 was observed with broader leaves comparing to non-transformed plants. More healthy trichomes as well as bigger and wobbly guard cells and stomata were observed in SH41 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative analysis of active compounds in SH41 roots revealed a significant increase in tanshinone I (3.7 fold) and tanshinone IIA (2 fold) contents as compared to the wild plant. CONCLUSIONS We have generated an activation tagged transgenic Salvia plant (SH41) with different leaf morphology and high diterpenes content in its roots. The increased amount of tanshinones in SH41 will definitely offer a route for maximizing the benefits of this plant in traditional Chinese herbal medicines. The present report may also facilitate the application of ATM for genetic manipulation of other medicinal crops and subsequent improved metabolite contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shueh Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifong E Road, Taichung, Wufong, 41349 Taiwan
| | - Rishi Kishore Vishwakarma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifong E Road, Taichung, Wufong, 41349 Taiwan
| | - Emily Chin-Fun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifong E Road, Taichung, Wufong, 41349 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Sheng Tsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifong E Road, Taichung, Wufong, 41349 Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Perrone I, Gambino G, Chitarra W, Vitali M, Pagliarani C, Riccomagno N, Balestrini R, Kaldenhoff R, Uehlein N, Gribaudo I, Schubert A, Lovisolo C. The grapevine root-specific aquaporin VvPIP2;4N controls root hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange under well-watered conditions but not under water stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:965-77. [PMID: 22923680 PMCID: PMC3461569 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We functionally characterized the grape (Vitis vinifera) VvPIP2;4N (for Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein) aquaporin gene. Expression of VvPIP2;4N in Xenopus laevis oocytes increased their swelling rate 54-fold. Northern blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that VvPIP2;4N is the most expressed PIP2 gene in root. In situ hybridization confirmed root localization in the cortical parenchyma and close to the endodermis. We then constitutively overexpressed VvPIP2;4N in grape 'Brachetto', and in the resulting transgenic plants we analyzed (1) the expression of endogenous and transgenic VvPIP2;4N and of four other aquaporins, (2) whole-plant, root, and leaf ecophysiological parameters, and (3) leaf abscisic acid content. Expression of transgenic VvPIP2;4N inhibited neither the expression of the endogenous gene nor that of other PIP aquaporins in both root and leaf. Under well-watered conditions, transgenic plants showed higher stomatal conductance, gas exchange, and shoot growth. The expression level of VvPIP2;4N (endogenous + transgene) was inversely correlated to root hydraulic resistance. The leaf component of total plant hydraulic resistance was low and unaffected by overexpression of VvPIP2;4N. Upon water stress, the overexpression of VvPIP2;4N induced a surge in leaf abscisic acid content and a decrease in stomatal conductance and leaf gas exchange. Our results show that aquaporin-mediated modifications of root hydraulics play a substantial role in the regulation of water flow in well-watered grapevine plants, while they have a minor role upon drought, probably because other signals, such as abscisic acid, take over the control of water flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter Chitarra
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Marco Vitali
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Nadia Riccomagno
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Norbert Uehlein
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jelly NS, Schellenbaum P, Walter B, Maillot P. Transient expression of artificial microRNAs targeting Grapevine fanleaf virus and evidence for RNA silencing in grapevine somatic embryos. Transgenic Res 2012; 21:1319-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
BANG SUNNYE, JUNG YUSUN, EOM SEOKJIN, KIM GEUNBAE, CHUNG KYUHWAN, LEE GUNGPYO, SON DAEYEUL, PARK KWENWOO, HONG JINSUNG, RYU KIHYUN, LEE CHAN. ASSESSMENT OF THE CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS COAT PROTEIN BY EXPRESSION EVALUATION IN A GENETICALLY MODIFIED PEPPER AND ESCHERICHIA COLI BL21. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Ribas AF, Dechamp E, Champion A, Bertrand B, Combes MC, Verdeil JL, Lapeyre F, Lashermes P, Etienne H. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Coffea arabica (L.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:92. [PMID: 21595964 PMCID: PMC3111370 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following genome sequencing of crop plants, one of the main challenges today is determining the function of all the predicted genes. When gene validation approaches are used for woody species, the main obstacle is the low recovery rate of transgenic plants from elite or commercial cultivars. Embryogenic calli have frequently been the target tissue for transformation, but the difficulty in producing or maintaining embryogenic tissues is one of the main problems encountered in genetic transformation of many woody plants, including Coffea arabica. RESULTS We identified the conditions required for successful long-term proliferation of embryogenic cultures in C. arabica and designed a highly efficient and reliable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method based on these conditions. The transformation protocol with LBA1119 harboring pBin 35S GFP was established by evaluating the effect of different parameters on transformation efficiency by GFP detection. Using embryogenic callus cultures, co-cultivation with LBA1119 OD600 = 0.6 for five days at 20 °C enabled reproducible transformation. The maintenance conditions for the embryogenic callus cultures, particularly a high auxin to cytokinin ratio, the age of the culture (optimum for 7-10 months of proliferation) and the use of a yellow callus phenotype, were the most important factors for achieving highly efficient transformation (> 90%). At the histological level, successful transformation was related to the number of proembryogenic masses present. All the selected plants were proved to be transformed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. CONCLUSION Most progress in increasing transformation efficiency in coffee has been achieved by optimizing the production conditions of embryogenic cultures used as target tissues for transformation. This is the first time that a strong positive effect of the age of the culture on transformation efficiency was demonstrated. Our results make Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic cultures a viable and useful tool both for coffee breeding and for the functional analysis of agronomically important genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Ribas
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Eveline Dechamp
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Champion
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Combes
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD-BIOS, MRI, UMR-DAP, Plant cell imaging platform (www.PHIV.cirad.fr), Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabienne Lapeyre
- CIRAD-BIOS, MRI, UMR-DAP, Plant cell imaging platform (www.PHIV.cirad.fr), Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Lashermes
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Etienne
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Katoh H, Suzuki S, Saitoh T, Takayanagi T. Cloning and characterization of VIGG, a novel virus-induced grapevine protein, correlated with fruit quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:291-299. [PMID: 19138527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report here the identification and characterization of VIGG, a novel virus-induced grapevine protein. Analysis of VIGG expression in grapevine demonstrated that VIGG was constitutively expressed in leaves and stems in virus-infected grapevine, and that VIGG expression was induced by grapevine virus A (GVA) infection, but not by infection with other viruses. The virus-induced expression profile of VIGG was supported by the finding that virus-free meristem cultures prepared from virus-infected grapevines did not express VIGG. An experiment using GFP-VIGG fusion protein demonstrated that VIGG might be localized in or around the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Treatment of grapevine cells with ER stress inducers resulted in the induction of VIGG expression. Berries from VIGG-expressing grapevines had higher organic acid and phenolic contents than those from control grapevines that did not express VIGG. Interestingly, fruit composition of a grapevine that was simultaneously infected by GVA and grapevine virus B (GVB), which did not express VIGG, was significantly different from that of GVA-infected grapevines expressing VIGG, suggesting that the effector of fruit composition alteration might be VIGG expression, but not GVA infection. Taken together, VIGG expression might suppress the decrease in organic acid content and increase phenol content in berries. Further investigation of the biological function of VIGG is expected to provide new information on the fruit quality of grapevines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee YH, Jung M, Shin SH, Lee JH, Choi SH, Her NH, Lee JH, Ryu KH, Paek KY, Harn CH. Transgenic peppers that are highly tolerant to a new CMV pathotype. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:223-32. [PMID: 19018536 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) is the most frequently occurring virus in chili pepper farms. A variety of peppers that are resistant to CMVP0 were developed in the middle of 1990s through a breeding program, and commercial cultivars have since been able to control the spread of CMVP0. However, a new pathotype (CMVP1) that breaks the resistance of CMVP0-resistant peppers has recently appeared and caused a heavy loss in productivity. Since no genetic source of this new pathotype was available, a traditional breeding method cannot be used to generate a CMVP1-resistant pepper variety. Therefore, we set up a transformation system of pepper using Agrobacterium that had been transfected with the coat protein gene, CMVP0-CP, with the aim of developing a new CMVP1-resistant pepper line. A large number of transgenic peppers (T(1), T(2) and T(3)) were screened for CMVP1 tolerance using CMVP1 inoculation. Transgenic peppers tolerant to CMVP1 were selected in a plastic house as well as in the field. Three independent T(3) pepper lines highly tolerant to the CMVP1 pathogen were found to also be tolerant to the CMVP0 pathogen. These selected T(3) pepper lines were phenotypically identical or close to the non-transformed lines. However, after CMVP1 infection, the height and fruit size of the non-transformed lines became shorter and smaller, respectively, while the T(3) pepper lines maintained a normal phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Lee
- Biotechnology Institute, Nongwoo Bio Co, Ltd, Yeoju, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nölke G, Cobanov P, Uhde-Holzem K, Reustle G, Fischer R, Schillberg S. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV)-specific antibodies confer GFLV and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2009; 10:41-9. [PMID: 19161351 PMCID: PMC6640260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is one of the most destructive pathogens of grapevine. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies binding specifically to the coat protein of GFLV. Antibody FL(3), which bound most strongly to GFLV and showed cross-reactivity to Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), was used to construct the single-chain antibody fragment scFvGFLVcp-55. To evaluate the potential of this single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to confer antibody-mediated virus resistance, transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants were generated in which the scFv accumulated in the cytosol. Recombinant protein levels of up to 0.1% total soluble protein were achieved. The T(1) and T(2) progenies conferred partial or complete protection against GFLV on challenge with the viral pathogen. The resistance to GFLV in transgenic plants was strictly related to scFvGFLVcp-55 accumulation levels, confirming that the antibody fragment was functional in planta and responsible for the GFLV resistance. In addition, transgenic plants conferring complete protection to GFLV showed substantially enhanced tolerance to ArMV. We demonstrate the first step towards the control of grapevine fanleaf degeneration, as scFvGFLVcp-55 could be an ideal candidate for mediating nepovirus resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Nölke
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ling KS, Zhu HY, Gonsalves D. Resistance to Grapevine leafroll associated virus-2 is conferred by post-transcriptional gene silencing in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:733-40. [PMID: 17912600 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2) is an important component of the leafroll disease complex in grapevine. We have previously sequenced the GLRaV-2 genome and identified the coat protein (CP) gene. The objective of this study is to test the concept of pathogen-derived resistance against a closterovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease. Because GLRaV-2 is capable of infecting Nicotiana benthamiana, we decided to test the concept on this herbaceous host. Thirty-seven T(0) transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the GLRaV-2 CP gene were regenerated following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Disease resistance was evaluated in greenhouse-grown T(1) and T(2) plants by mechanical inoculation with GLRaV-2. Although all the inoculated non-transgenic plants showed symptoms 2-4 weeks post inoculation, various numbers of transgenic plants (16-100%) in 14 of 20 T(1) lines tested were not infected. In these resistant plants, GLRaV-2 was not detectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Although virus resistance was confirmed in T(2) progenies, the percentage of resistant plants was generally lower (0-63%) than that of the corresponding T(1) lines (0-100%). Northern blot and nuclear run-off results showed that virus resistance in the transgenic plants was consistently associated with the low level of transgene RNA transcript suggesting a post-transcriptional gene silencing. The success of pathogen-derived resistance to GLRaV-2 in transgenic N. benthamiana plants represents the first step towards eventual control of the leafroll disease in grapevines using this strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Shu Ling
- Department of Plant Pathology, NYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu K, Riaz S, Roncoroni NC, Jin Y, Hu R, Zhou R, Walker MA. Genetic and QTL analysis of resistance to Xiphinema index in a grapevine cross. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 116:305-311. [PMID: 18004541 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to the dagger nematode Xiphinema index has been an important objective in grape rootstock breeding programs. This nematode not only causes severe feeding damage to the root system, but it also vectors grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), the causal agent of fanleaf degeneration and one of the most severe viral diseases of grape. The established screening procedures for dagger nematode resistance are time consuming and can produce inconsistent results. A fast and reliable greenhouse-based system for screening resistance to X. index that is suitable for genetic studies and capable of evaluating breeding populations is needed. In this report, the dynamics of nematode numbers, gall formation, and root weight loss were investigated using a variety of soil mixes and pot sizes over a 52-week period. Results indicated that the number of galls formed was correlated with the size of the nematode population and with the degree of root weight loss. After inoculation with 100 nematodes, gall formation could be reliably evaluated in 4-8 weeks in most plant growth conditions and results were obtained 6 months more rapidly than past evaluation methods. This modified X. index resistance screening method was successfully applied to 185 of the 188 F(1) progeny from a cross of D8909-15 x F8909-17 (the 9621 population), which segregates for a form of X. index resistance originally derived from Vitis arizonica. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out on both parental genetic maps of 255 markers using MapQTL 4.0. Results revealed that X. index resistance is controlled by a major QTL, designated Xiphinema index Resistance 1 (XiR1), near marker VMC5a10 on chromosome 19. The XiR1 QTL was supported by a LOD score of 36.9 and explained 59.9% of the resistance variance in the mapping population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zanek MC, Reyes CA, Cervera M, Peña EJ, Velázquez K, Costa N, Plata MI, Grau O, Peña L, García ML. Genetic transformation of sweet orange with the coat protein gene of Citrus psorosis virus and evaluation of resistance against the virus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:57-66. [PMID: 17712560 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Citrus psorosis is a serious viral disease affecting citrus trees in many countries. Its causal agent is Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), the type member of genus Ophiovirus. CPsV infects most important citrus varieties, including oranges, mandarins and grapefruits, as well as hybrids and citrus relatives used as rootstocks. Certification programs have not been sufficient to control the disease and no sources of natural resistance have been found. Pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) can provide an efficient alternative to control viral diseases in their hosts. For this purpose, we have produced 21 independent lines of sweet orange expressing the coat protein gene of CPsV and five of them were challenged with the homologous CPV 4 isolate. Two different viral loads were evaluated to challenge the transgenic plants, but so far, no resistance or tolerance has been found in any line after 1 year of observations. In contrast, after inoculation all lines showed characteristic symptoms of psorosis in the greenhouse. The transgenic lines expressed low and variable amounts of the cp gene and no correlation was found between copy number and transgene expression. One line contained three copies of the cp gene, expressed low amounts of the mRNA and no coat protein. The ORF was cytosine methylated suggesting a PTGS mechanism, although the transformant failed to protect against the viral load used. Possible causes for the failed protection against the CPsV are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Zanek
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (IBBM), U.N.L.P., Calles 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mzid R, Marchive C, Blancard D, Deluc L, Barrieu F, Corio-Costet MF, Drira N, Hamdi S, Lauvergeat V. Overexpression of VvWRKY2 in tobacco enhances broad resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2007; 131:434-47. [PMID: 18251882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY genes encode proteins belonging to a large family of transcription factors that are involved in various developmental and physiological processes and in plant responses to pathogen infections. In the present work, a full-length cDNA from a Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry library was isolated and characterized. The cDNA, designated VvWRKY2, encodes a polypeptide of 536 amino acids that shows the structural features of group I of WRKY protein family. VvWRKY2 is expressed in the different organs of healthy grapevine plants. In leaves, VvWRKY2 is induced by wounding and after infection with Plasmopara viticola. Constitutive expression of VvWRKY2 in tobacco reduced the susceptibility of transgenic tobacco to three types of fungal pathogens infecting different parts of the plant: Botrytis cinerea (leaves), Pythium spp. (roots) and Alternaria tenuis (seeds). The results indicate that VvWRKY2 may be involved in the resistance of grapevine against the pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Mzid
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université Bordeaux 1, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maghuly F, da Câmara Machado A, Leopold S, Khan MA, Katinger H, Laimer M. Long-term stability of marker gene expression in Prunus subhirtella: A model fruit tree species. J Biotechnol 2007; 127:310-21. [PMID: 16889860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic trees currently are being produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistics. Since trees are particularly suited for long-term evaluations of the impact of the technology, Prunus subhirtella autumno rosa (PAR) was chosen as model fruit tree species and transformed with a reporter gene (uidA) under the control of the 35S promoter. Using Southern and GUS fluorometric techniques, we compared transgene copy numbers and observed stability of transgene expression levels in 34 different transgenic plants, grown under in vitro, greenhouse and screenhouse conditions, over a period of 9 years. An influence of grafting on gene expression was not observed. No silenced transgenic plant was detected. Overall, these results suggest that transgene expression in perennial species, such as fruit trees, remains stable in time and space, over extended periods and in different organs, confirming the value of PAR as model species to study season-dependent regulation in mature stone fruit tissues. While the Agrobacterium-derived Prunus transformants contained one to two copies of the transgenes, 91% of the transgenic events also contained various lengths of the bacterial plasmid backbone, indicating that the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is not as precise as previously perceived. The implications for public acceptance and future applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maghuly
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU, Nussdorfer Läende 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gambino G, Gribaudo I, Leopold S, Schartl A, Laimer M. Molecular characterization of grapevine plants transformed with GFLV resistance genes: I. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 24:655-62. [PMID: 16240119 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Grapevine FanLeaf Virus-Coat Protein (GFLV CP) gene was inserted through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Vitis vinifera "Nebbiolo", "Lumassina" and "Blaufränkisch". Two plasmids were used: pGA-CP+ (full-length GFLV CP gene with an introduced start codon) and pGA-AS (same gene in antisense orientation). Forty-three transgenic lines were regenerated. As several lines in Southern blots share same hybridization patterns, eight independent line groups resulted for "Nebbiolo", one for "Lumassina", and two for "Blaufränkisch". Inserted T-DNA copies ranged from one to three; one line probably contains an incomplete copy of T-DNA. Except for one "Nebbiolo" line, no evidence for methylation of the transgene at cytosine residues was found by Southern analyses. Specific mRNA was present at variable expression levels; some lines accumulated the coat protein while in others the protein was not detectable by ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gambino
- Istituto Virologia Vegetale C.N.R.-Unità staccata Viticoltura-Grugliasco, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|