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Wang L, Li R, Li K, Qu Z, Zhou R, Lu G, Li P, Li G. Genome-wide identification of the grapevine β-1,3-glucanase gene (VviBG) family and expression analysis under different stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:911. [PMID: 39350008 PMCID: PMC11443686 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The β-1,3-glucanase gene is widely involved in plant development and stress defense. However, an identification and expression analysis of the grape β-1,3-glucanase gene (VviBG) family had not been conducted prior to this study. RESULTS Here, 42 VviBGs were identified in grapevine, all of which contain a GH-17 domain and a variable C-terminal domain. VviBGs were divided into three clades α, β and γ, and six subgroups A-F, with relatively conserved motifs/domains and intron/exon structures within each subgroup. The VviBG gene family contained four tandem repeat gene clusters. There were intra-species synteny relationships between two pairs of VviBGs and inter-species synteny relationships between 20 pairs of VviBGs and AtBGs. The VviBG promoter contained many cis-acting elements related to stress and hormone responses. Tissue-specific analysis showed that VviBGs exhibited distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns. Transcriptome analysis indicated that many VviBGs were induced by wounds, UV, downy mildew, cold, salt and drought, especially eight VviBGs in subgroup A of the γ clade. RT-qPCR analysis showed that these eight VviBGs were induced under abiotic stress (except for VviBG41 under cold stress), and most of them were induced at higher expression levels by PEG6000 and NaCl than under cold treatment. CONCLUSIONS The chromosome localization, synteny and phylogenetic analysis of the VviBG members were first conducted. The cis-acting elements, transcriptome data and RT-qPCR analysis showed that VviBG genes play a crucial role in grape growth and stress (hormone, biotic and abiotic) responses. Our study laid a foundation for understanding their functions in grape resistance to different stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Ruilong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Kaiwei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ziyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruijin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Guilong Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Guirong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Henan Province Engineering Research Centers of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Roy Choudhury A, Trivedi P, Choi J, Madhaiyan M, Park JH, Choi W, Walitang DI, Sa T. Inoculation of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria down-regulates ethylene-induced pathogenesis-related signaling in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13909. [PMID: 37026423 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) signaling plays multiple roles in plant development under abiotic and biotic stress conditions and is regulated by a plethora of plant physiological as well as external factors. Here, our study was conducted to evaluate the role of an ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria in regulating ethylene-induced PR signaling in red pepper plants under salt stress. We also evaluated the efficiency of the bacteria in down-regulating the PR signaling for efficient colonization and persistence in the plant endosphere. We used a characteristic endophyte, Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 and its ACC deaminase knockdown mutant (acdS- ). The wild-type M. oryzae CBMB20 was able to decrease ethylene emission by 23% compared to the noninoculated and acdS- M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculated plants under salt stress. The increase in ethylene emission resulted in enhanced hydrogen peroxide concentration, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, β-1,3 glucanase activity, and expression profiles of WRKY, CaPR1, and CaPTI1 genes that are typical salt stress and PR signaling factors. Furthermore, the inoculation of both the bacterial strains had shown induction of PR signaling under normal conditions during the initial inoculation period. However, wild-type M. oryzae CBMB20 was able to down-regulate the ethylene-induced PR signaling under salt stress and enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. Collectively, ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria down-regulate the salt stress-mediated PR signaling in plants by regulating the stress ethylene emission levels and this suggests a new paradigm in efficient colonization and persistence of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria for better plant growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Roy Choudhury
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeongyun Choi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Munusamy Madhaiyan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung-Ho Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonho Choi
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Denver I Walitang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Romblon State University, Romblon, Philippines
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam, South Korea
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Wu Q, Pan YB, Su Y, Zou W, Xu F, Sun T, Grisham MP, Yang S, Xu L, Que Y. WGCNA Identifies a Comprehensive and Dynamic Gene Co-Expression Network That Associates with Smut Resistance in Sugarcane. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10770. [PMID: 36142681 PMCID: PMC9506403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane smut is a major fungal disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, which seriously reduces the yield and quality of sugarcane. In this study, 36 transcriptome data were collected from two sugarcane genotypes, YT93-159 (resistant) and ROC22 (susceptible) upon S. scitamineum infection. Data analysis revealed 20,273 (12,659 up-regulated and 7614 down-regulated) and 11,897 (7806 up-regulated and 4091 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in YT93-159 and ROC22, respectively. A co-expression network was then constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), which identified 5010 DEGs in 15 co-expressed gene modules. Four of the 15 modules, namely, Skyblue, Salmon, Darkorange, and Grey60, were significantly associated with smut resistance. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs involving in these four modules could be enriched in stress-related metabolic pathways, such as MAPK and hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and flavonoid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. In total, 38 hub genes, including six from the Skyblue module, four from the Salmon module, 12 from the Darkorange module, and 16 from the Grey60 module, were screened as candidate hub genes by calculating gene connectivity in the corresponding network. Only 30 hub genes were amplifiable with RT-qPCR, of which 27 were up-regulated upon S. scitamineum infection. The results were consistent with the trend of gene expression in RNA-Seq, suggesting their positive roles in smut resistance. Interestingly, the expression levels of AOX, Cyb5, and LAC were higher in ROC22 than in YT93-159, indicating these three genes may act as negative regulators in response to S. scitamineum infection. This study revealed the transcriptome dynamics in sugarcane challenged by S. scitamineum infection and provided gene targets for smut resistance breeding in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yong-Bao Pan
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA 70360, USA
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Shaolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan 661600, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Exotic foods reveal contact between South Asia and the Near East during the second millennium BCE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2014956117. [PMID: 33419922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014956117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the key role of long-distance trade in the transformation of cuisines worldwide has been well-documented since at least the Roman era, the prehistory of the Eurasian food trade is less visible. In order to shed light on the transformation of Eastern Mediterranean cuisines during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, we analyzed microremains and proteins preserved in the dental calculus of individuals who lived during the second millennium BCE in the Southern Levant. Our results provide clear evidence for the consumption of expected staple foods, such as cereals (Triticeae), sesame (Sesamum), and dates (Phoenix). We additionally report evidence for the consumption of soybean (Glycine), probable banana (Musa), and turmeric (Curcuma), which pushes back the earliest evidence of these foods in the Mediterranean by centuries (turmeric) or even millennia (soybean). We find that, from the early second millennium onwards, at least some people in the Eastern Mediterranean had access to food from distant locations, including South Asia, and such goods were likely consumed as oils, dried fruits, and spices. These insights force us to rethink the complexity and intensity of Indo-Mediterranean trade during the Bronze Age as well as the degree of globalization in early Eastern Mediterranean cuisine.
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NMR spectroscopy analysis reveals differential metabolic responses in arabidopsis roots and leaves treated with a cytokinesis inhibitor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241627. [PMID: 33156865 PMCID: PMC7647083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant cytokinesis, de novo formation of a cell plate evolving into the new cell wall partitions the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. In our earlier chemical genomics studies, we identified and characterized the small molecule endosidin-7, that specifically inhibits callose deposition at the cell plate, arresting late-stage cytokinesis in arabidopsis. Endosidin-7 has emerged as a very valuable tool for dissecting this essential plant process. To gain insights regarding its mode of action and the effects of cytokinesis inhibition on the overall plant response, we investigated the effect of endosidin-7 through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomics approach. In this case study, metabolomics profiles of arabidopsis leaf and root tissues were analyzed at different growth stages and endosidin-7 exposure levels. The results show leaf and root-specific metabolic profile changes and the effects of endosidin-7 treatment on these metabolomes. Statistical analyses indicated that the effect of endosidin-7 treatment was more significant than the developmental impact. The endosidin-7 induced metabolic profiles suggest compensations for cytokinesis inhibition in central metabolism pathways. This study further shows that long-term treatment of endosidin-7 profoundly changes, likely via alteration of hormonal regulation, the primary metabolism of arabidopsis seedlings. Hormonal pathway-changes are likely reflecting the plant’s responses, compensating for the arrested cell division, which in turn are leading to global metabolite modulation. The presented NMR spectral data are made available through the Metabolomics Workbench, providing a reference resource for the scientific community.
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Thulasy G, Nair AS. Comparative analysis of β-1,3-glucanase protein sequences and structure in two banana cultivars from Kerala. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Thulasy
- Department of Botany; University of Kerala, Kariavattom 695 581; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
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7
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Su Y, Wang Z, Liu F, Li Z, Peng Q, Guo J, Xu L, Que Y. Isolation and Characterization of ScGluD2, a New Sugarcane beta-1,3-Glucanase D Family Gene Induced by Sporisorium scitamineum, ABA, H2O2, NaCl, and CdCl2 Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1348. [PMID: 27642288 PMCID: PMC5009122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39), commonly known as pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, play an important role not only in plant defense against fungal pathogens but also in plant physiological and developmental processes. However, only a limited number of sugarcane beta-1,3-glucanase genes have been isolated. In the present study, we identified and characterized a new beta-1,3-glucanase gene ScGluD2 (GenBank Acc No. KF664181) from sugarcane. An X8 domain was present at the C terminal region of ScGluD2, suggesting beta-1,3-glucan-binding function. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the predicted ScGluD2 protein was classified into subfamily D beta-1,3-glucanase. Localization of the ScGluD2 protein in the plasma membrane was determined by tagging it with green fluorescent protein. The expression of ScGluD2 was more up-regulated in sugarcane smut-resistant cultivars in the early stage (1 or 3 days) than in the susceptible ones after being challenged by the smut pathogen, revealing that ScGluD2 may be involved in defense against the invasion of Sporisorium scitamineum. Transient overexpression of ScGluD2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves induced a defense response and exhibited antimicrobial action on the tobacco pathogens Pseudomonas solanacearum and Botrytis cinerea, further demonstrating that ScGluD2 was related to the resistance to plant pathogens. However, the transcripts of ScGluD2 partially increased (12 h) under NaCl stress, and were steadily up-regulated from 6 to 24 h upon ABA, H2O2, and CdCl2 treatments, suggesting that ABA may be a signal molecule regulating oxidative stress and play a role in the salt and heavy metal stress-induced stimulation of ScGluD2 transcripts. Taken together, ScGluD2, a novel member of subfamily D beta-1,3-glucanase, was a stress-related gene of sugarcane involved in plant defense against smut pathogen attack and salt and heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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8
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Ražná K, Bežo M, Hlavačková L, Žiarovská J, Miko M, Gažo J, Habán M. MicroRNA (miRNA) in food resources and medicinal plant. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zhang Z, Jiang S, Wang N, Li M, Ji X, Sun S, Liu J, Wang D, Xu H, Qi S, Wu S, Fei Z, Feng S, Chen X. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Apple Fruit Ripening and Softening by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146061. [PMID: 26719904 PMCID: PMC4697835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple is one of the most economically important horticultural fruit crops worldwide. It is critical to gain insights into fruit ripening and softening to improve apple fruit quality and extend shelf life. In this study, forward and reverse suppression subtractive hybridization libraries were generated from 'Taishanzaoxia' apple fruits sampled around the ethylene climacteric to isolate ripening- and softening-related genes. A set of 648 unigenes were derived from sequence alignment and cluster assembly of 918 expressed sequence tags. According to gene ontology functional classification, 390 out of 443 unigenes (88%) were assigned to the biological process category, 356 unigenes (80%) were classified in the molecular function category, and 381 unigenes (86%) were allocated to the cellular component category. A total of 26 unigenes differentially expressed during fruit development period were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. These genes were involved in cell wall modification, anthocyanin biosynthesis, aroma production, stress response, metabolism, transcription, or were non-annotated. Some genes associated with cell wall modification, anthocyanin biosynthesis and aroma production were up-regulated and significantly correlated with ethylene production, suggesting that fruit texture, coloration and aroma may be regulated by ethylene in 'Taishanzaoxia'. Some of the identified unigenes associated with fruit ripening and softening have not been characterized in public databases. The results contribute to an improved characterization of changes in gene expression during apple fruit ripening and softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Sumin Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shujing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Shouqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Garcia-Seco D, Zhang Y, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Martin C, Ramos-Solano B. Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens to Blackberry under Field Conditions Improves Fruit Quality by Modifying Flavonoid Metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142639. [PMID: 26559418 PMCID: PMC4641737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4, to roots of blackberries (Rubus sp.) is part of an optimised cultivation practice to improve yields and quality of fruit throughout the year in this important fruit crop. Blackberries are especially rich in flavonoids and therefore offer potential benefits for human health in prevention or amelioration of chronic diseases. However, the phenylpropanoid pathway and its regulation during ripening have not been studied in detail, in this species. PGPR may trigger flavonoid biosynthesis as part of an induced systemic response (ISR) given the important role of this pathway in plant defence, to cause increased levels of flavonoids in the fruit. We have identified structural genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways catalysing the conversion of phenylalanine to the final products including flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins from blackberry, and regulatory genes likely involved in controlling the activity of pathway branches. We have also measured the major flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins at three stages during ripening. Our results demonstrate the coordinated expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes with the accumulation of anthocyanins, catechins, and flavonols in developing fruits of blackberry. Elicitation of blackberry plants by treatment of roots with P.fluorescens N21.4, caused increased expression of some flavonoid biosynthetic genes and an accompanying increase in the concentration of selected flavonoids in fruits. Our data demonstrate the physiological mechanisms involved in the improvement of fruit quality by PGPR under field conditions, and highlight some of the genetic targets of elicitation by beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia-Seco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yang Zhang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Ramos-Solano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ye N, Zhang X, Miao M, Fan X, Zheng Y, Xu D, Wang J, Zhou L, Wang D, Gao Y, Wang Y, Shi W, Ji P, Li D, Guan Z, Shao C, Zhuang Z, Gao Z, Qi J, Zhao F. Saccharina genomes provide novel insight into kelp biology. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6986. [PMID: 25908475 PMCID: PMC4421812 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are essential for marine ecosystems and have immense economic value. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the draft genome of Saccharina japonica, one of the most economically important seaweeds. The 537-Mb assembled genomic sequence covered 98.5% of the estimated genome, and 18,733 protein-coding genes are predicted and annotated. Gene families related to cell wall synthesis, halogen concentration, development and defence systems were expanded. Functional diversification of the mannuronan C-5-epimerase and haloperoxidase gene families provides insight into the evolutionary adaptation of polysaccharide biosynthesis and iodine antioxidation. Additional sequencing of seven cultivars and nine wild individuals reveal that the genetic diversity within wild populations is greater than among cultivars. All of the cultivars are descendants of a wild S. japonica accession showing limited admixture with S. longissima. This study represents an important advance toward improving yields and economic traits in Saccharina and provides an invaluable resource for plant genome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Miao Miao
- 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peifeng Ji
- 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biosystems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zheng Guan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Abstract
Allergy to banana fruit appears to have become an important cause of fruit allergy in Europe. Among five allergens that have been found, beta-1,3-glucanase denoted as Mus a 5 was identified as a candidate allergen for the component-resolved allergy diagnosis of banana allergy. Because of the variations in protein levels in banana fruit, in this study Mus a 5 was produced as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Mus a 5 was purified under native conditions by a combination of affinity, ion-exchange, and reversed phase chromatography. N-terminal sequence was confirmed by Edman degradation and 55 % of the primary structure was identified by mass fingerprint, while the secondary structure was assessed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. IgG reactivity of recombinant protein was shown in 2-D immunoblot with anti-Mus a 5 antibodies, while IgG and IgE binding to natural Mus a 5 was inhibited with the recombinant Mus a 5 in immunoblot inhibition test. IgE reactivity of recombinant Mus a 5 was shown in ELISA within a group of ten persons sensitized to banana fruit. Recombinant Mus a 5 is a novel reagent suitable for the component-resolved allergy diagnosis of banana allergy.
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Asif MH, Lakhwani D, Pathak S, Gupta P, Bag SK, Nath P, Trivedi PK. Transcriptome analysis of ripe and unripe fruit tissue of banana identifies major metabolic networks involved in fruit ripening process. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:316. [PMID: 25442405 PMCID: PMC4263013 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana is one of the most important crop plants grown in the tropics and sub-tropics. It is a climacteric fruit and undergoes ethylene dependent ripening. Once ripening is initiated, it proceeds at a fast rate making postharvest life short, which can result in heavy economic losses. During the fruit ripening process a number of physiological and biochemical changes take place and thousands of genes from various metabolic pathways are recruited to produce a ripe and edible fruit. To better understand the underlying mechanism of ripening, we undertook a study to evaluate global changes in the transcriptome of the fruit during the ripening process. RESULTS We sequenced the transcriptomes of the unripe and ripe stages of banana (Musa accuminata; Dwarf Cavendish) fruit. The transcriptomes were sequenced using a 454 GSFLX-Titanium platform that resulted in more than 7,00,000 high quality (HQ) reads. The assembly of the reads resulted in 19,410 contigs and 92,823 singletons. A large number of the differentially expressed genes identified were linked to ripening dependent processes including ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signalling, cell wall degradation and production of aromatic volatiles. In the banana fruit transcriptomes, we found transcripts included in 120 pathways described in the KEGG database for rice. The members of the expansin and xyloglucan transglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene families were highly up-regulated during ripening, which suggests that they might play important roles in the softening of the fruit. Several genes involved in the synthesis of aromatic volatiles and members of transcription factor families previously reported to be involved in ripening were also identified. CONCLUSIONS A large number of differentially regulated genes were identified during banana fruit ripening. Many of these are associated with cell wall degradation and synthesis of aromatic volatiles. A large number of differentially expressed genes did not align with any of the databases and might be novel genes in banana. These genes can be good candidates for future studies to establish their role in banana fruit ripening. The datasets developed in this study will help in developing strategies to manipulate banana fruit ripening and reduce post harvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Hasan Asif
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001 India
| | - Deepika Lakhwani
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001 India
| | - Sumya Pathak
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Parul Gupta
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Sumit K Bag
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001 India
| | - Pravendra Nath
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- />CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001 India
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14
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Liang Y, Yuan Y, Liu T, Mao W, Zheng Y, Li D. Identification and computational annotation of genes differentially expressed in pulp development of Cocos nucifera L. by suppression subtractive hybridization. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:205. [PMID: 25084812 PMCID: PMC4236756 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the world's most versatile, economically important tropical crops. Little is known about the physiological and molecular basis of coconut pulp (endosperm) development and only a few coconut genes and gene product sequences are available in public databases. This study identified genes that were differentially expressed during development of coconut pulp and functionally annotated these identified genes using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Pulp from three different coconut developmental stages was collected. Four suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries were constructed (forward and reverse libraries A and B between stages 1 and 2, and C and D between stages 2 and 3), and identified sequences were computationally annotated using Blast2GO software. A total of 1272 clones were obtained for analysis from four SSH libraries with 63% showing similarity to known proteins. Pairwise comparing of stage-specific gene ontology ids from libraries B-D, A-C, B-C and A-D showed that 32 genes were continuously upregulated and seven downregulated; 28 were transiently upregulated and 23 downregulated. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showed that 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (LPAAT), phospholipase D, acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase beta subunit, 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase-like and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 β subunit were associated with fatty acid biosynthesis or metabolism. Triose phosphate isomerase, cellulose synthase and glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase were related to carbohydrate metabolism, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was related to both fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Of 737 unigenes, 103 encoded enzymes were involved in fatty acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism, and a number of transcription factors and other interesting genes with stage-specific expression were confirmed by real-time PCR, with validation of the SSH results as high as 66.6%. Based on determination of coconut endosperm fatty acids content by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, a number of candidate genes in fatty acid anabolism were selected for further study. CONCLUSION Functional annotation of genes differentially expressed in coconut pulp development helped determine the molecular basis of coconut endosperm development. The SSH method identified genes related to fatty acids, carbohydrate and secondary metabolites. The results will be important for understanding gene functions and regulatory networks in coconut fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxue Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yusheng Zheng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China
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15
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Nikolic J, Mrkic I, Grozdanovic M, Popovic M, Petersen A, Jappe U, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M. Protocol for simultaneous isolation of three important banana allergens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 962:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Su YC, Xu LP, Xue BT, Wu QB, Guo JL, Wu LG, Que YX. Molecular cloning and characterization of two pathogenesis-related β-1,3-glucanase genes ScGluA1 and ScGluD1 from sugarcane infected by Sporisorium scitamineum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1503-19. [PMID: 23842883 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two β-1,3-glucanase genes from sugarcane were cloned and characterized. They were all located in apoplast and involves in different expression patterns in biotic and abiotic stress. Smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is a serious disease in the sugarcane industry. β-1,3-Glucanase, a typical pathogenesis-related protein, has been shown to express during plant-pathogen interaction and involves in sugarcane defense response. In this study, β-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity in the resistant variety increased faster and lasted longer than that of the susceptible one when inoculated with S. scitamineum, along with a positive correlation between the activity of the β-1,3-glucanase and smut resistance. Furthermore, two β-1,3-glucanase genes from S. scitamineum infected sugarcane, ScGluA1 (GenBank Accession No. KC848050) and ScGluD1 (GenBank Accession No. KC848051) were cloned and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ScGluA1 and ScGluD1 clustered within subfamily A and subfamily D, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that both gene products were targeted to apoplast. Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells expressing ScGluA1 and ScGluD1 showed varying degrees of tolerance to NaCl, CdCl2, PEG, CuCl2 and ZnSO4. Q-PCR analysis showed up-regulation of ScGluA1 and slight down-regulation of ScGluD1 in response to S. scitamineum infection. It suggested that ScGluA1 may be involved in the defense reaction of the sugarcane to the smut, while it is likely that ScGluD1 was inhibited. The gene expression patterns of ScGluA1 and ScGluD1, in response to abiotic stresses, were similar to sugarcane response against smut infection. Together, β-1,3-glucanase may function in sugarcane defense mechanism for S. scitamineum. The positive responses of ScGluA1 and the negative responses of ScGluD1 to biotic and abiotic stresses indicate they play different roles in interaction between sugarcane and biotic or abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-chun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities in winter triticales during cold hardening and subsequent infection by Microdochium nivale. Biologia (Bratisl) 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Yan M, Zhang Y, Guo W, Wang X. Soybean endo-β-mannanase GmMAN1 is not associated with leaf abscission, but might be involved in the response to wounding. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49197. [PMID: 23173047 PMCID: PMC3500276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between endo-β-mannanase and leaf abscission, and response to wounding in soybean (Glycine max). An endo-β-mannanase gene GmMAN1 was cloned from the abscission zone in petiole explants, and was heterologously expressed in E. coli. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the fusion protein. The increases in activity, isoform numbers, and amounts of transcripts and proteins of GmMAN1 were found not only in the abscission zone but also in the non-abscission zone during petiole abscission in the explants, but not in these two tissues during leaf abscission artificially induced by ethephon treatment in the intact plants. The changes in endo-β-mannanase expression patterns in these two tissues were probably induced by the inherent mechanical wounding during the preparation of explants. When soybean plants were wounded by removing half of the leaf blade of the first pair of true leaves, the transcripts and proteins of GmMAN1 were induced in the leaves and stem, leading to the increases in enzyme activity and isoform numbers in them. It is concluded that the soybean endo-β-mannanase GmMAN1 is not associated with leaf abscission, but might be involved in the response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Neutelings G, Fénart S, Lucau-Danila A, Hawkins S. Identification and characterization of miRNAs and their potential targets in flax. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1754-66. [PMID: 22841625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein coding regulatory RNAs released after the cleavage of a primary transcript. A computational homology search of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) available in public databases allowed the identification of 20 conserved miRNAs belonging to 13 different families in flax (Linum usitatissimum). Most of the miRNAs were 21 nucleotides-long and carried a uracil at the 5' end. They originated from precursor transcripts that vary greatly in length. A single precursor containing 2 different stem-loop structures, each one carrying a member of the miR398 family, was identified for the first time in plants. qRT-PCR analyses of 4 selected miRNAs indicated that all were differentially expressed in flax tissues. The 20 miRNAs could potentially regulate 112 different targets including genes involved in cell wall metabolism. Analyses of pri-miRNA and potential gene expression profiles in a publically available microarray data set allowed the identification of a number of highly opposite pri-miRNA/target gene profiles potentially involved in regulating plantacyanin levels, F-box mediated signalling processes, protein metabolism and ion homeostasis, as well as 6 unknown processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Neutelings
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
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20
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Choudhury SR, Roy S, Sengupta DN. A Ser/Thr protein kinase phosphorylates MA-ACS1 (Musa acuminata 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1) during banana fruit ripening. PLANTA 2012; 236:491-511. [PMID: 22419220 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis during ripening. ACS isozymes are regulated both transcriptionally and post-translationally. However, in banana, an important climacteric fruit, little is known about post-translational regulation of ACS. Here, we report the post-translational modification of MA-ACS1 (Musa acuminata ACS1), a ripening inducible isozyme in the ACS family, which plays a key role in ethylene biosynthesis during banana fruit ripening. Immunoprecipitation analyses of phospholabeled protein extracts from banana fruit using affinity-purified anti-MA-ACS1 antibody have revealed phosphorylation of MA-ACS1, particularly in ripe fruit tissue. We have identified the induction of a 41-kDa protein kinase activity in pulp at the onset of ripening. The 41-kDa protein kinase has been identified as a putative protein kinase by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Biochemical analyses using partially purified protein kinase fraction from banana fruit have identified the protein kinase as a Ser/Thr family of protein kinase and its possible involvement in MA-ACS1 phosphorylation during ripening. In vitro phosphorylation analyses using synthetic peptides and site-directed mutagenized recombinant MA-ACS1 have revealed that serine 476 and 479 residues at the C-terminal region of MA-ACS1 are phosphorylated. Overall, this study provides important novel evidence for in vivo phosphorylation of MA-ACS1 at the molecular level as a possible mechanism of post-translational regulation of this key regulatory protein in ethylene signaling pathway in banana fruit during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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[Research progress on banana functional genomics involved in fruit quality]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:412-9. [PMID: 22522158 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Banana is one of the most important tropical fruits and main economical resource for tropical people. Banana quality is always becoming a focus for people to follow with interest. Here, we reviewed recent research progresses on isolation and identification of banana genes involved in fruit quality such as ripening, softening, glycometabolism, and scent, which will help us explore their functions and facilitate banana quality improvement.
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1,3-β-Glucanase from Vigna aconitifolia and its possible use in enzyme bioreactor fabrication. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:894-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen L, Zhong HY, Kuang JF, Li JG, Lu WJ, Chen JY. Validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR studies of gene expression in banana fruit under different experimental conditions. PLANTA 2011; 234:377-90. [PMID: 21505864 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive technique for quantifying gene expression, but its success depends on the stability of the reference gene(s) used for data normalization. Only a few studies on validation of reference genes have been conducted in fruit trees and none in banana yet. In the present work, 20 candidate reference genes were selected, and their expression stability in 144 banana samples were evaluated and analyzed using two algorithms, geNorm and NormFinder. The samples consisted of eight sample sets collected under different experimental conditions, including various tissues, developmental stages, postharvest ripening, stresses (chilling, high temperature, and pathogen), and hormone treatments. Our results showed that different suitable reference gene(s) or combination of reference genes for normalization should be selected depending on the experimental conditions. The RPS2 and UBQ2 genes were validated as the most suitable reference genes across all tested samples. More importantly, our data further showed that the widely used reference genes, ACT and GAPDH, were not the most suitable reference genes in many banana sample sets. In addition, the expression of MaEBF1, a gene of interest that plays an important role in regulating fruit ripening, under different experimental conditions was used to further confirm the validated reference genes. Taken together, our results provide guidelines for reference gene(s) selection under different experimental conditions and a foundation for more accurate and widespread use of RT-qPCR in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
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