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Guan Q, Tang L, Xu M, Zhang L, Huang L, Khan MS. Comparison of binding sites and affinity of flavonol-Cu(II) complexes with the same parent nucleus: Synthesis, DFT prediction, and coordination pattern. Food Chem 2024; 442:138453. [PMID: 38266407 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the coordination dynamics between dietary polyphenols, specifically kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin, and Cu ions in aqueous environments. A novel synthesis method for flavonol-Cu(II) coordination compounds is introduced, effectively reducing interference from free metal ions. Our results reveal consistent binding patterns of Cu ions with flavonols (2:1 ratio of flavonol to Cu(II)), predominantly at the 4,5 sites. Various analytical techniques are used to validate these coordination ratios and sites. The binding affinity of the flavonols for Cu ions follows a descending sequence: myricetin > quercetin > kaempferol. Notably, coordination with Cu ions enhances the free-radical scavenging activities of these flavonols. These findings hold substantial importance for food chemistry, biology, and medicine, providing crucial insights into the way dietary flavonols form stable structures in environments similar to human body fluids and their interactions with metal ions, opening new possibilities for their application and understanding in diverse scientific domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhao Guan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210042, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210042, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Man Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210042, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210042, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sun L, Zhou Z, Wu Y, Meng Z, Huang H, Li T, Wang Z, Yang Y. A novel colormetric and light-up fluorescent sensor from flavonol derivative grafted cellulose for rapid and sensitive detection of Hg 2+ and its applications in biological and environmental system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131209. [PMID: 38565364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of harmful heavy metal ions that can accumulate inside the human organism and cause some health problems. In the article, a highly effective fluorescent probe named EC-T-PCBM was prepared by grafting flavonol derivatives onto ethyl cellulose for the specific recognition of Hg2+. EC-T-PCBM exhibited a remarkable fluorescence light-up response toward Hg2+ with excellent sensitivity. EC-T-PCBM possessed several prominent sensing properties for Hg2+, such as low detection limit (43.9 nM), short response time (5 min), and wide detection pH range (6-9). The response mechanism of EC-T-PCBM to Hg2+ has been verified through 1H NMR titration and DFT computation. Additionally, EC-T-PCBM not only can be used for accurately determining trace amount of Hg2+ in actual environmental water samples, but also can serve as a portable and rapid device by loading it on test strips for sensitive and selective visualization of Hg2+. More importantly, the confocal fluorescence imaging of onion cells suggested the favorable cell membrane permeability of EC-T-PCBM and its prominent ability to continuously monitor the enrichment from Hg2+ within fresh plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Sun
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zihang Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yangmei Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ting Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhonglong Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiqin Yang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Fernanda Arias-Santé M, Fuentes J, Ojeda C, Aranda M, Pastene E, Speisky H. Amplification of the antioxidant properties of myricetin, fisetin, and morin following their oxidation. Food Chem 2024; 435:137487. [PMID: 37827059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin oxidation leads to the formation of a metabolite, 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone, whose antioxidant potency was recently reported to be a 1000-fold higher than that of its precursor. The formation of similar metabolites (BZF) is limited to certain flavonols (FL), among which are myricetin, fisetin, and morin. Here we addressed the consequences of inducing the auto-oxidation of these flavonols in terms of their antioxidant properties (assessed in ROS-exposed Caco-2 cells). The mixtures that result from their oxidation (FLox) exhibited antioxidant activities 10-to-50-fold higher than those of their precursors. Such amplification was fully attributable to the presence of BZF in each FLox (established by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and chemical subtraction techniques). An identical amplification was also found when the antioxidant activities of BZF, isolated from each FLox, and FL were compared. These findings warrant the search of these BZF in edible plants and their subsequent evaluation as a new type of functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Arias-Santé
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Camila Ojeda
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratory of Food & Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhang H, Lin S, Xie R, Zhong W, Wang H, Farag MA, Hussain H, Arroo RRJ, Chen X, Xiao J. Thermal degradation of (2R, 3R)-dihydromyricetin in neutral aqueous solution at 100 ℃. Food Chem 2024; 435:137560. [PMID: 37793280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of thermal degradation of flavonoids, current studies mainly focused on flavonols. However, the thermal degradation of dihydroflavonols in aqueous solution has received limited attention compared to flavonols. The single C2-C3 bonds of dihydroflavonols, which differs from the C2-C3 double bond in flavonols, may cause different degradation mechanisms. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a typical dihydroflavonol with six hydroxyl groups, and possesses various health effects. We explored the thermal degradation of DMY in neutral aqueous solution (pH 7) at 100 ℃. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with photodiode array and electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometric detection (UPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) provided suitable platform for exploring DMY degradation pathways, and negative ion mode was applied. Thermal treatment led to a decline in DMY level with time, accompanied by the appearance of various degradation products of DMY. Degradation mechanisms of DMY included isomerization, oxidation, hydroxylation, dimerization and ring cleavage. The pyrogallol-type ring B of DMY might be initially oxidized into ortho-quinone, which could further attack another DMY to form dimers. In addition, hydroxylation is likely to occur at C-2, C-3 of DMY or DMY dimers, which then further yields ring-cleavage products via breakage of the O1-C2 bond, C2-C3 bond, or C3-C4 bond. The 3-hydroxy-5-(3,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-4-oxochroman-2-yl) cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1, 2-dione (m/z 333.0244) and unknown compound m/z 435.0925 were annotated as key intermediates in DMY degradation. Four phenolic acids, including 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (m/z 169.0136, RT 1.4 min), 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid (m/z 197.0084, RT 1.7 min), 2-oxo-2-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde (m/z 181.0132, RT 2.4 min), and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (m/z 169.0139, RT 2.5 min) were identified as the major end products of DMY degradation. In addition, 5-((3,5dihydroxyphenoxy) methyl)-3-hydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione (m/z 261.0399, RT 11.7 min) and unidentified compound with m/z 329.0507 (RT 1.0 min) were also suggested to be end products of DMY degradation. These results provide novel insights on DMY stability and degradation products. Moreover, the heat treatment of DMY aqueous solution was found to gradually reduce the antioxidant activities of DMY, and even destroy the beneficial effect of DMY on the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Shiye Lin
- Universidade de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Ruiwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Weizhi Zhong
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Randolph R J Arroo
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Li X, Xu R, Shi L, Ni T. Design of flavonol-loaded cationic gold nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities and their interaction with proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127074. [PMID: 37769767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four structurally similar flavonols (galangin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) were coated on the surface of (11-mercaptoundecyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide (MUTAB)‑gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by two-step phase transfer and self-assembly, and the cationic MUTAB- AuNPs coated with flavonols (flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs) were designed. Free radical scavenging and antibacterial experiments show that flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs greatly improve the scavenging effect on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and significantly enhance the inhibition effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared with flavonols and AuNPs. Then γ-globulin, fibrinogen, trypsin and pepsin were selected as representative proteins and their interaction with flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs were investigated by various spectroscopic techniques. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of these four proteins by flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs is static quenching. The binding constants Ka between them are in the range of 103 to 106. The interaction between them is endothermic, entropy-driven spontaneous process, and the main non-covalent force is the hydrophobic interaction. The effect of flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs on the structure of the four proteins were investigated using UV-vis absorption spectra, synchronous fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism spectra. These results offer important insights into the essence of the interaction between flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs and γ-globulin/fibrinogen/trypsin/pepsin. They will contribute to the development of safe and effective flavonol-MUTAB-AuNPs in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Tianjun Ni
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
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Rymbai LD, Klausmeyer KK, Farmer PJ. The case for an oxidopyrylium intermediate in the mechanism of quercetin dioxygenases. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112343. [PMID: 37549474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The quercetin dioxygenases (QDOs) are unusual metalloenzymes in that they display ring-opening dioxygenase activity with several different first-row transition metal ions which do not undergo redox changes during turnover. The QDOs are also unique in that the substrate binds as an η1-flavonolate rather than the η2 -bidentate mode seen in all reported model complexes. The flavonol substrates were early examples of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomena, in which photoexcitation causes an H-atom exchange between the adjacent hydroxyl and ketone, generating an oxidopyrylium emissive state. These oxidopyryliums undergo ring-opening dioxygenations analogous to the enzymatic reactions. Our hypothesis is that lability of the divalent metal ion may allow access to a reactive oxidopyrylium intermediate via coordination switching from the oxy to ketone position, which allows reaction with O2. In this report, we use a straight-forward methylation strategy to generate a panel of flavonol and thioflavonol derivatives modeling several η1- and η2-coordination modes. Methylation of 3-hydroxythioflavone generates an air stable η1 hydroxopyrylium salt, which undergoes rapid ring-opening dioxygenation by deprotonation or photoexcitation. By comparison, the η1-methoxyflavonol does not react with O2 under any condition. We find that any of the studied flavonol derivatives, η1 or η2, which demonstrates ESIPT-like oxidopyrylium emissions undergo QDO-like ring-opening reactions with dioxygen. The implications of these results concerning the mechanism of QDOs and related dioxygenases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasien D Rymbai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Kevin K Klausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
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Shimada A, Ueno H, Kawabata K, Inagaki M. GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of herbal extracts and acylated flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:377-381. [PMID: 37535009 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was to compare GABase [a mixture of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase] and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 20 herbal extracts and investigate the isolation, structural elucidation and those inhibitory activities of three acylated flavonol monoglycosides from the selected extract of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel). On the basis of the NMR spectroscopic data and the ESI MS spectra together with the comparison with the literature values, three compounds were identified as kaempferol-3-O-(4″-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2) and kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), respectively. The IC50 values of GABase inhibitory activity of 1-3 and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) as control were 0.24 mM, 0.14 mM, 0.12 mM and 0.43 mM, respectively. Additionally, the IC50 values of glutaminase inhibitory activity of 1-3 and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as control were 0.34 mM, 0.13 mM, 0.14 mM and 0.33 mM, respectively. The results suggest that the extract from laurel shows the strongest biological activities among 20 herbal extracts and three acylated flavonol monoglycosides may serve as potential lead compounds for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases by targeting GABase and glutaminase. This is the first report on GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Shimada
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, Fukuoka, 814-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Masanori Inagaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
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Cebrián‐Tarancón C, Fernández‐Roldán F, Sánchez‐Gómez R, Alonso GL, Salinas MR. Chemical exchange in the vine shoots-wine system when used as an innovative enological procedure. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1821-1831. [PMID: 36377405 PMCID: PMC10107323 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruned vine shoots prepared as toasted fragments (SEGs) have recently been proposed as enological additives capable of producing differentiated quality wines. In this work, the composition of phenolic and volatile compounds of SEGs, before and after contact with wines, has been studied. RESULTS SEGs from Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon were used, which were kept in contact for 30 days with red wines made with the same varieties. Phenolic compounds were the ones with the highest sorption in SEGs, but a variety-dependent behavior was observed in anthocyanins and flavonols, with an increase in some malvidin derivatives only in Tempranillo wine and an increase in (-)-epicatechin in SEGs and Cabernet Sauvignon wine. trans-Resveratrol was transferred from SEGs to wine but also increased in SEGs regardless of the variety used. The volatile compounds that were most retained in SEGs were phenylethyl alcohol and ethyl lactate, but in lower proportions than the phenolic compounds and without important changes in wines. CONCLUSION The high content of phenolic compounds in SEGs after their use as enological additives suggests that they could be considered as a source of anthocyanins and as raw materials for phenolic compounds with recognized antioxidant properties. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cebrián‐Tarancón
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y MontesUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - Francisco Fernández‐Roldán
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y MontesUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
- Pago de la JarabaCrta, Nacional 310VillarrobledoSpain
| | - Rosario Sánchez‐Gómez
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y MontesUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - Gonzalo Luis Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y MontesUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - María Rosario Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y MontesUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
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9
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Li X, Han L, Song Z, Xu R, Wang L. Comparative study on the interaction between transferrin and flavonols: Experimental and computational modeling approaches. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 288:122128. [PMID: 36455462 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin is the indispensable component in the body fluids and has been explored as a potential drug carrier for target drugs to cancer cells. Flavonols are widely distributed in plants and shown a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, the interaction between flavonols (including galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) and transferrin under physiological conditions was investigated by using experimental as well as computational approaches. Fluorescence data reveal that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of transferrin by flavonols is static quenching. Transferrin has moderate affinity with flavonols, and the binding constants (Ka) are 103-104 L/mol. In addition, there are two different binding sites for the interaction between kaempferol and transferrin. Thermodynamic parameter analysis shows that the interaction of flavonols and transferrin is synergistically driven by enthalpy and entropy. Hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic force and hydrogen bonds are the main force types. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy shows that flavonols decrease the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment around tryptophan (Trp) and have no effect on the microenvironment around tyrosine (Tyr). UV-vis and CD spectra show that the interaction between transferrin and flavonols leads to the loosening and unfolding of transferrin backbone. The increase of β-sheet is accompanied by the decrease of α-helix and β-turn. The specific binding sites of flavonols to transferrin are confirmed by molecular docking. Molecular dynamic simulation suggests that the transferrin-flavonols docked complex is stable throughout the simulation trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Linyu Han
- Grade 2020, Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhizhi Song
- Grade 2020, Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, PR China
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Chmiel M, Stompor-Gorący M. The Spectrum of Pharmacological Actions of Syringetin and Its Natural Derivatives-A Summary Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235157. [PMID: 36501187 PMCID: PMC9739508 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and poly-O-methylated flavonols and their glycoside derivatives belong to the group of natural plant polyphenols with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. These compounds are known for their antioxidant, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antilipogenic properties. Additionally, they inhibit carcinogenesis and cancer development. Having in mind the multidirectional biological activity of methylated flavonols, we would like to support further study on their health-promoting activities; in this review we summarized the most recent reports on syringetin and some of its structural analogues: laricitrin, ayanin, and isorhamnetin. Natural sources and biological potential of these substances were described based on the latest research papers.
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Wisetsai A, Choodej S, Ngamrojanavanich N, Pudhom K. Fatty acid acylated flavonol glycosides from the seeds of Nephelium lappaceum and their nitric oxide suppression activity. Phytochemistry 2022; 201:113262. [PMID: 35660550 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed fatty acid esters of flavonol glycosides, nephelosides A-E, along with eight known compounds, were isolated from the seeds of Nephelium lappaceum L. The structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data in combination with GC-MS analysis. Potency of compounds toward nitric oxide suppression was assessed by monitoring the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in J744.A1 macrophage cells. Nepheloside D, kaempferol and kaempferol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside showed significant activity with IC50 values of 26.5, 11.6 and 12.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awat Wisetsai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siwattra Choodej
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Khanitha Pudhom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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12
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Yong H, Hu H, Yun D, Jin C, Liu J. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed grafting of chitosan oligosaccharide with different flavonols: structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:4363-4372. [PMID: 35066885 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic catalyzed grafting of oligosaccharides with polyphenols is a safe and environmentally friendly approach to simultaneously enhance the bioactivity of oligosaccharides and the solubility of polyphenols. In this study, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was grafted with three different flavonols including myricetin (MYR), quercetin (QUE) and kaempferol (KAE) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis. The structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application of COS-flavonol conjugates were investigated. RESULTS The total phenol content of COS-MYR, COS-QUE and COS-KAE conjugates was 59.89, 68.37 and 53.77 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 , respectively. Thin layer chromatography showed the conjugates did not contain ungrafted flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates showed ultraviolet absorption peak at about 294 nm, corresponding to the A-ring of flavonols. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of conjugates confirmed the formation of Schiff-base and Michael-addition products. The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of COS-KAE conjugate exhibited phenyl proton signals of KAE. X-ray diffraction patterns of conjugates showed some diffraction peaks of flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates presented rough and porous morphologies with sheet-like and/or blocky structures. The conjugates showed higher water solubility, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than flavonols. Moreover, fish gelatin/COS-flavonol conjugate coatings effectively prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fillets from 5 days to 7-8 days. CONCLUSION COS-flavonol conjugates prepared by HRP catalysis have great potentials as novel antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huixia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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Wen J, Yan XJ, Nie CD, Wang QX, Li WL. Two new flavonol glycosides from Selaginella tamariscina. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022; 24:496-502. [PMID: 34581213 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1976160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new flavonol glycosides 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone-4'-O-[5'''-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-apiofuranoyl-(1'''→2'')-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1) and 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone -4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR analyses and HRESIMS spectrometry. Two compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against A-375, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines by MTT assay. Unfortunately, two compounds displayed no cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Research on Prevention and Treatment of Geriatric Diseases of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xin-Jia Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Research on Prevention and Treatment of Geriatric Diseases of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Research on Prevention and Treatment of Geriatric Diseases of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Qi-Xuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Research on Prevention and Treatment of Geriatric Diseases of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Wen-Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Research on Prevention and Treatment of Geriatric Diseases of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
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Landete JM. Flavone, flavanone and flavonol metabolism from soybean and flaxseed extracts by the intestinal microbiota of adults and infants. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2575-2583. [PMID: 34689346 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed and soybean are an important source of lignans and flavonoids. Previously, the metabolism of isoflavones and lignans from soybean and flaxseed extracts by the microbiota of adult individuals (n = 14) and infants (n = 23) was analyzed. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the metabolism of flavones, flavanones and flavonols, as well as the production of phenolic acids, by the intestinal microbiota of these individuals. RESULTS Concentrations of aglycones of flavonoids, such as herbacetin, quercetin, quercetagetin, myricetin, kaempferol, apigenin and luteolin, increased for most of individuals as a consequence of deglycosylation reactions. On the other hand, a diminution in the antioxidant activity and phenolic compound concentration and an increase in the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechol was also observed. CONCLUSION The present study found that deglycosylation reactions were the main reactions and accelerated the formation of more bioavailable flavonoids, with greater biological activity, in most of the individuals. However, other reactions also occurred, including the total or partial catabolism of flavonoids. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Ghias M, Shah SWA, Al-Joufi FA, Shoaib M, Shah SMM, Ahmed MN, Zahoor M. In Vivo Antistress Effects of Synthetic Flavonoids in Mice: Behavioral and Biochemical Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041402. [PMID: 35209189 PMCID: PMC8879959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavonoids, in addition to some of their synthetic derivatives, are recognized for their remarkable medicinal properties. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antistress effect of synthetic flavonoids (flavones and flavonols) in mice, where stress was induced by injecting acetic acid and physically through swimming immobilization. Among the synthesized flavones (F1–F6) and flavonols (OF1–OF6), the mono para substituted methoxy containing F3 and OF3 exhibited maximum scavenging potential against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) with IC50 of 31.46 ± 1.46 μg/mL and 25.54 ± 1.21 μg/mL, respectively. Minimum antioxidant potential was observed for F6 and OF6 with IC50 values of 174.24 ± 2.71 μg/mL and 122.33 ± 1.98 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison with tocopherol. The ABTS scavenging activity of all the synthesized flavones and flavonols were significantly higher than observed with DPPH assay, indicating their potency as good antioxidants and the effectiveness of ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assay in evaluating antioxidant potentials of chemical substances. The flavonoids-treated animals showed a significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, n = 8) reduction in the number of writhes and an increase in swimming endurance time. Stressful conditions changed plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which were used as markers when evaluating stress in animal models. The level of these markers was nearly brought to normal when pre-treated with flavones and flavonols (10 mg/kg) for fifteen days in experimental animals. These compounds also considerably reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), which was significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, n = 8) compared to the control group. A significant rise in the level of catalase and SOD (super oxide dismutase) was also observed in the treated groups. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Additionally, the flavonoids markedly altered the weight of the adrenal glands, spleen and brain in stress-induced mice. The findings of the study suggest that these flavonoids could be used as a remedy for stress and are capable of ameliorating diverse physiological and biochemical alterations associated with stressful conditions. However, further experiments are needed to confirm the observed potentials in other animal models, especially in those with a closer resemblance to humans. Toxicological evaluations are also equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.G.); (S.W.A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.G.); (S.W.A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Fakhria A. Al-Joufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.G.); (S.W.A.S.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or
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Liu D, Du KC, Wang AD, Meng DL, Li JL. Secondary Metabolites from the Fresh Leaves of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100707. [PMID: 34741384 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen metabolites, including two flavonols (1-2), three lignans (3-5), and ten diterpenoids (6-15), were isolated from the leaves of Pinus yunnanensis. Among them, flavanonol (1) were identified as undescribed flavonol derivative with natural rarely B-ring fission lactone. Massive spectroscopic methods, the DP4+ probabilities and CD/ECD calculations were applied to establish the structure of component 1. Among these compounds, taxifolin (2) showed potent cytotoxicity, having IC50 values from 21.33 to 45.48 μg/mL, it also showed broad antibacterial activity against human pathogens with MIC values from 32 to 64 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Cheng Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - An-Dong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Da-Li Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P. R. China
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Ruan YT, Wang WJ, Zheng GD, Yin ZP, Chen JG, Li JE, Chen LL, Zhang QF. In vivo and in vitro comparison of three astilbin encapsulated zein nanoparticles with different outer shells. Food Funct 2021; 12:9784-9792. [PMID: 34533153 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three shell materials, lecithin (ZNP-L), chitosan (ZNP-CH) and sodium caseinate (ZNP-SC), were used to prepare core-shell zein nanoparticles. Astilbin was encapsulated as a model flavonoid to compare the influence of the shell materials on zein nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. The particle size was moderately increased by lecithin and sodium caseinate, but notably increased by chitosan. All the shell materials provided good redispersibility for the nanoparticles and significantly improved the colloidal stability. Chitosan and sodium caseinate significantly delayed and decreased the feces excretion of astilbin in rats, while lecithin exhibited a very weak effect. The results may be attributed to the difference in mucoadhesive properties between the shell materials. As a consequence, the bioavailability values of astilbin in rats were 18.2, 9.3 and 1.89 times increased through ZNP-CH, ZNP-SC and ZNP-L compared with that of free astilbin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Ruan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Zhong-Ping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Ji-Guang Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Jing-En Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Guzzo F, Russo R, Sanna C, Celaj O, Caredda A, Corona A, Tramontano E, Fiorentino A, Esposito F, D’Abrosca B. Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from Scrophularia trifoliata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164777. [PMID: 34443358 PMCID: PMC8398805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the everlasting source of a wide spectrum of specialized metabolites, characterized by wide variability in term of chemical structures and different biological properties such antiviral activity. In the search for novel antiviral agents against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) from plants, the phytochemical investigation of Scrophularia trifoliata L. led us to isolate and characterize four flavonols glycosides along with nine iridoid glycosides, two of them, 5 and 13, described for the first time. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the contents of a methanol extract of S. trifoliata leaves, in order to explore the potential antiviral activity against HIV-1. The antiviral activity was evaluated in biochemical assays for the inhibition of HIV-1Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity and HIV-1 Integrase (IN). Three isolated flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-7-O-rhamnosyl-3-O-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside, 8–10, inhibited specifically the HIV-1 IN activity at submicromolar concentration, with the latter being the most potent, showing an IC50 value of 24 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guzzo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Odeta Celaj
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnologies, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (B.D.)
| | - Brigida D’Abrosca
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (O.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnologies, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (B.D.)
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Adamenko K, Kawa-Rygielska J, Kucharska AZ, Głowacki A, Piórecki N. Changes in the Antioxidative Activity and the Content of Phenolics and Iridoids during Fermentation and Aging of Natural Fruit Meads. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081113. [PMID: 34439780 PMCID: PMC8394733 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the content of biologically active compounds during the fermentation and aging of natural meads with the addition of three Cornelian cherry juices from three cultivars: 'Koralovyi', 'Podolski' and 'Yantarnyi', in the amount of 10% v/v. After the fermentation process the content of gallic and ellagic acids significantly increased, in relation to wort. Whereas the greatest losses were observed among unstable anthocyanins. The three-month aging process also reduced the content of the analyzed compounds except for ellagic acid, the content of which increased by up to 90%. The content of biologically active compounds, including iridoids and antioxidant phenolics, are constantly changing in the process of fermentation and aging of fruit meads. The studies proved that the addition of Cornelian cherry juice allows significantly enriched classic meads with new biologically active compounds, such as: exceptional iridoids (loganic acid, cornuside, loganine, sweroside), flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Adamenko
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.-R.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-323-9418
| | - Joanna Kawa-Rygielska
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.-R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Department of Fruit, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Adam Głowacki
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.-R.); (A.G.)
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Institute and Arboretum of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
- Faculty of Physical Educaiton, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Sun CC, Li Y, Yin ZP, Zhang QF. Physicochemical properties of dihydromyricetin and the effects of ascorbic acid on its stability and bioavailability. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3862-3869. [PMID: 33336364 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural dihydroflavonol with many bioactive effects. However, the physicochemical properties of DMY related to its bioavailability, especially its stability, are unclear. RESULTS The effects of pH, temperature, metal ions and ascorbic acid (AA) on the stability of DMY were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bioavailability of DMY in the presence and absence of AA was compared. Dihydromyricetin was unstable in weak alkaline solutions, and the degradation was significantly accelerated in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+ . The degradation process followed the first-order kinetic model. The degradation rate constant (k) increased with increasing pH and temperature. The remaining DMY was only 49% of its initial concnentration after 4 h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at 37 °C. However, by supplementing with AA, the degradation of DMY was rarely occured within 6 h. The solubility of DMY at pH 3-5 was about 750 μg mL-1 , slightly increasing to 853 μg mL-1 at pH 6. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the bioavailability of DMY increased from 0.122% to 0.341% by supplementing with AA (10% of DMY). CONCLUSION The degradation of DMY is one reason for its poor bioavailability. The presence of AA could significantly improve the stability of DMY, and further improve its bioavailability in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Vasconcelos LA, Reis LCB, Dias ÊR, Camilloto GP, Branco A. Characterization of a flavonol-rich antioxidant fraction from Spondias purpurea L. pulp and the effect of its incorporation on cellulose acetate-based film. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3270-3279. [PMID: 33222204 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active packaging containing natural flavonoid has recently emerged as a result of its potential to inhibit the oxidation of foods by interacting with it and/or its surrounding environment, with the aim of counteracting oxidation reactions and extending the shelf-life of foods. The plant Spondias purpurea L. is widely found in northeastern Brazil and is known to contain bioactive flavonoids. The present study aimed to obtain a flavonoid-rich fraction from the pulp of S. purpurea L. and incorporate it into the cellulose acetate film to obtain biodegradable films with antioxidant properties. RESULTS The fractionation in SiO2 open-column chromatography of the S. purpurea pulp crude extract furnished an antioxidant active fraction containing the flavonols quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside as the major compounds. This active fraction was incorporated (10, 20 and 30 g kg-1 ) into the substance produced with the casting method for cellulose acetate films. The films produced were characterized concerning mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION The incorporation of the active flavonoid fraction from S. purpurea in the cellulose acetate films decreases WVP and elongation at break, at the same time as increasing antioxidant activity, tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thus, the S. purpurea pulps may be an alternative as a source of antioxidants for use in cellulose acetate films. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludimilla Adorno Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Letícia Caribé Batista Reis
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Êuder Reis Dias
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Geany Peruch Camilloto
- Food Packaging Laboratory, Department of Technology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
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Shen K, Li R, Zhang X, Qu G, Li R, Wang Y, Liu B, Lv C, Li M, Song X. Acetyl oxygen benzoate engeletin ester promotes KLF4 degradation leading to the attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting TGFβ1-smad/p38MAPK-lnc865/lnc556-miR-29b-2-5p-STAT3 signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13807-13821. [PMID: 33929970 PMCID: PMC8202900 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a common pulmonary interstitial disease of pathogenesis without effective drugs for treatment. Therefore, discovering new and effective drugs is urgently needed. In the present study, we prepared a novel compound named acetyl oxygen benzoate engeletin ester (AOBEE), investigated its effect on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, and proposed a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanism of its action. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice exhibited that AOBEE improved forced vital capacity (FVC) and alveolar structure and inhibited α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen expression. TGFβ1-stimulated fibroblast L929 cells showed that AOBEE reduced these fibrotic proteins expression and inhibited the activated-fibroblast proliferation and migration. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen out lncRNA-lnc865 and lnc556 with high expression under bleomycin treatment, but AOBEE caused a considerable decrease in lnc865 and lnc556. Mechanistic study elucidated that AOBEE alleviated pulmonary fibrosis through lnc865- and lnc556-mediated mechanism, in which both lnc865 and lnc556 sponged miR-29b-2-5p to target signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Further signal pathway inhibitors and the Cignal Finder 45-pathway reporter array illustrated that the up- and downstream pathways were TGFβ1-smad2/3 and p38MAPK, and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), respectively. In conclusion, AOBEE promoted KLF4 degradation leading to the attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFβ1-smad/p38MAPK-lnc865/lnc556-miR-29b-2-5p-STAT3 signal pathway. We hope this work will provide valuable information to design new drugs and therapeutic targets of lncRNAs for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Guiwu Qu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256602, China
| | - Youlei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256602, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256602, China
| | - Minge Li
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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23
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Roy T, Boateng ST, Banang-Mbeumi S, Singh PK, Basnet P, Chamcheu RCN, Ladu F, Chauvin I, Spiegelman VS, Hill RA, Kousoulas KG, Nagalo BM, Walker AL, Fotie J, Murru S, Sechi M, Chamcheu JC. Synthesis, inverse docking-assisted identification and in vitro biological characterization of Flavonol-based analogs of fisetin as c-Kit, CDK2 and mTOR inhibitors against melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104595. [PMID: 33450548 PMCID: PMC7870562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to hurdles, including resistance, adverse effects, and poor bioavailability, among others linked with existing therapies, there is an urgent unmet need to devise new, safe, and more effective treatment modalities for skin cancers. Herein, a series of flavonol-based derivatives of fisetin, a plant-based flavonoid identified as an anti-tumorigenic agent targeting the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR)-regulated pathways, were synthesized and fully characterized. New potential inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (c-KITs), cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), and mTOR, representing attractive therapeutic targets for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) treatment, were identified using inverse-docking, in vitro kinase activity and various cell-based anticancer screening assays. Eleven compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activities greater than the parent molecule against four human skin cancer cell lines, including melanoma (A375 and SK-Mel-28) and NMSCs (A431 and UWBCC1), with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to < 15 μM. Seven compounds were identified as potentially potent single, dual or multi-kinase c-KITs, CDK2, and mTOR kinase inhibitors after inverse-docking and screening against twelve known cancer targets, followed by kinase activity profiling. Moreover, the potent compound F20, and the multi-kinase F9 and F17 targeted compounds, markedly decreased scratch wound closure, colony formation, and heightened expression levels of key cancer-promoting pathway molecular targets c-Kit, CDK2, and mTOR. In addition, these compounds downregulated Bcl-2 levels and upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3/7/8 and PARP levels, thus inducing apoptosis of A375 and A431 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, compounds F20, F9 and F17, were identified as promising c-Kit, CDK2 and mTOR inhibitors, worthy of further investigation as therapeutics, or as adjuvants to standard therapies for the control of melanoma and NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Samuel T Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pratik Basnet
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Roxane-Cherille N Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Federico Ladu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Isabel Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Konstantin G Kousoulas
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Bolni Marius Nagalo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Anthony L Walker
- School of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SELU, Hammond, LA 70402-0878, USA
| | - Siva Murru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA.
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24
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Liang Y, Xu Z, Wu X, Pang J, Zhou P, Cao Y. Inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels with natural flavonoid quercetin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:952-957. [PMID: 33008592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural flavonoid which has been reported to be analgesic in different animal models of pain. However, the mechanism underlying the pain-relieving effects is still unclear. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play critical roles in controlling pacemaker activity in cardiac and nervous systems, making the channel a new target for therapeutic exploration. In this study, we explored a series of flavonoids for their modulation on HCN channels. Among all tested flavonoids, quercetin was the most potent inhibitor for HCN channels with an IC50 value of 27.32 ± 1.19 μM for HCN2. Furthermore, quercetin prominently left shifted the voltage-dependent activation curves of HCN channels and decelerated deactivation process. The results presented herein firstly characterize quercetin as a novel and potent inhibitor for HCN channels, which represents a novel structure for future drug design of HCN channel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Park JH, Whang WK. Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Anti-Alzheimer Active Components from the Aerial Parts of Hedyotis diffusa and Simultaneous Analysis for Marker Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5867. [PMID: 33322478 PMCID: PMC7764330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that Hedyotis diffusa Willdenow extract shows various biological activities on cerebropathia, such as neuroprotection and short-term memory enhancement. However, there has been a lack of studies on the inhibitory activity on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through enzyme assays of H. diffusa. Therefore, H. diffusa extract and fractions were evaluated for their inhibitory effects through assays of enzymes related to AD, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and on the formation of advanced glycation end-product (AGE). In this study, ten bioactive compounds, including nine iridoid glycosides 1-9 and one flavonol glycoside 10, were isolated from the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of H. diffusa using a bioassay-guided approach. Compound 10 was the strongest inhibitor of cholinesterase, BACE1, and the formation of AGEs of all isolated compounds, while compound 5 had the lowest inhibitory activity. Compounds 3, 6, and 9 exhibited better inhibitory activity than other compounds on AChE, and two pairs of diastereomeric iridoid glycoside structures (compounds 4, 8, and 6, 7) showed higher inhibitory activity than others on BChE. In the BACE1 inhibitory assay, compounds 1-3 were good inhibitors, and compound 10 showed higher inhibitory activity than quercetin, the positive control. Moreover, compounds 1 and 3 were stronger inhibitors of the formation of AGE than aminoguanidine (AMG), the positive control. In conclusion, this study is significant since it demonstrated that the potential inhibitory activity of H. diffusa on enzymes related to AD and showed the potential use for further study as a natural medicine for AD treatment on the basis of the bioactive components isolated from H. diffusa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 151-756, Korea;
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26
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Kolniak-Ostek J, Kita A, Miedzianka J, Andreu-Coll L, Legua P, Hernandez F. Characterization of Bioactive Compounds of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Seeds from Spanish Cultivars. Molecules 2020; 25:E5734. [PMID: 33291779 PMCID: PMC7731065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. is the Cactaceae plant with the greatest economic relevance in the world. It can be used for medicinal purposes, animal nutrition, production of biofuels and phytoremediation of soils. Due to its high content of bioactive compounds, the prickly pear has antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to determine the polyphenolic, fatty acid and amino acid profile and characterize the antioxidant capacity of seeds of seven Spanish prickly pear cultivars. A total of 21 metabolites, mainly phenolic acids and flavonols, were identified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography photodiode detector quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS). Significant differences were found in the phenolic concentrations of the investigated varieties. The highest amount of phenolic compounds (266.67 mg/kg dry matter) were found in the "Nopal espinoso" variety, while the "Fresa" variety was characterized by the lowest content (34.07 mg/kg DM) of these compounds. In vitro antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the amount of polyphenols. The amino acid composition of protein contained in prickly pear seeds was influenced by the variety. Glutamic acid was the predominant amino acid followed by arginine, aspartic acid and leucine, independent of prickly pear variety. Overall, 13 different fatty acids were identified and assessed in prickly pear seeds. The dominant fatty acid was linoleic acid, with content varying between 57.72% "Nopal ovalado" and 63.11% "Nopal espinoso".
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kita
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Joanna Miedzianka
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Lucia Andreu-Coll
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Research Group “Plant Production and Technology”, Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (P.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Pilar Legua
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Research Group “Plant Production and Technology”, Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (P.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Francisca Hernandez
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Research Group “Plant Production and Technology”, Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (P.L.); (F.H.)
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27
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Loupit G, Prigent S, Franc C, De Revel G, Richard T, Cookson SJ, Fonayet JV. Polyphenol Profiles of Just Pruned Grapevine Canes from Wild Vitis Accessions and Vitis vinifera Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13397-13407. [PMID: 32227944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine canes are an abundant byproduct of the wine industry. The stilbene contents of Vitis vinifera cultivars have been largely studied, but little is known about the stilbene contents of wild Vitis accessions. Moreover, there have only been few studies on the quantification of other phenolic compounds in just pruned grapevine canes. In our study, we investigated the polyphenol profile of 51 genotypes belonging to 15 Vitis spp. A total of 36 polyphenols (20 stilbenes, 6 flavanols, 7 flavonols, and 3 phenolic acids) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Our results suggest that some wild Vitis accessions could be of interest in terms of the concentration of bioactive polyphenols and that flavanols contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of grapevine cane extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most exhaustive study of the polyphenolic composition of grapevine canes of wild Vitis spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Loupit
- Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Plateforme Bordeaux Metabolome, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Céline Franc
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33882 Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Gilles De Revel
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33882 Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Tristan Richard
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33882 Villenave d'Ornon France
- Plateforme Bordeaux Metabolome, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, CNRS, MetaboHUB, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sarah Jane Cookson
- Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Josep Valls Fonayet
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33882 Villenave d'Ornon France
- Plateforme Bordeaux Metabolome, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, CNRS, MetaboHUB, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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28
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Sun CC, Su H, Zheng GD, Wang WJ, Yuan E, Zhang QF. Fabrication and characterization of dihydromyricetin encapsulated zein-caseinate nanoparticles and its bioavailability in rat. Food Chem 2020; 330:127245. [PMID: 32521399 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY) encapsulated zein-caseinate nanoparticles (DZP) were fabricated by antisolvent method. The encapsulation and loading efficiency of DMY in DZP were 90.2% and 22.6% as determined by HPLC. DZP is spherical with particle size and ζ potential of 206.4 nm and -29.6 mV, respectively. Physicochemical characterization showed that DMY existed in amorphous form in DZP and its interaction with proteins was found. The fabrication of DZP significantly improved the stability of DMY. Besides, the diffusion rate of DMY in DZP was faster than its suspensions in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The adhesion of DMY in mice gastrointestinal tract was also improved. Besides DMY itself, its methylated metabolites with further sulfation and glucuronide were identified in rat plasma by UPLC-QTOF-MS. UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS quantitative analysis showed that the oral bioavailability of DMY was 1.95 times enhanced. Besides, the concentration of DMY metabolites in plasma were all increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hang Su
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - En Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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29
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Fang ZT, Lv YQ, Song CJ, Jin J, Lu JL, Xu HR, Ye JH. Simultaneous Preparation of Abundant Flavonol Triglycosides from Tea Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:E5140. [PMID: 33158302 PMCID: PMC7663796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonol glycosides are important components of tea leaves, contributing to the bioactivities as well as bitterness and astringency of tea. However, the standards of many flavonol triglycosides are still not available, which restricts both sensory and bioactivity studies on flavonol glycosides. In the present study, we established a simultaneous preparation method of seven flavonol triglycoside individuals from tea leaves, which consisted of two steps: polyamide column enrichment and preparative HPLC isolation. The structures of seven flavonol triglycoside isolates were identified by mass and UV absorption spectra, four of which were further characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, namely, quercetin-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside and kaempferol-O-rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside. The purities of all isolated flavonol triglycosides were above 95% based on HPLC, and the production yield of total flavonol glycosides from dry tea was 0.487%. Our study provides a preparation method of flavonol triglycosides from tea leaves, with relatively low cost of time and solvent but high production yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tao Fang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.-T.F.); (Y.-Q.L.); (C.-J.S.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.-T.F.); (Y.-Q.L.); (C.-J.S.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Chu-Jun Song
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.-T.F.); (Y.-Q.L.); (C.-J.S.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, 29 Fengqidong Road, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.-T.F.); (Y.-Q.L.); (C.-J.S.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Hai-Rong Xu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.-T.F.); (Y.-Q.L.); (C.-J.S.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.-T.F.); (Y.-Q.L.); (C.-J.S.); (J.-L.L.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Flavonols in plants are catalyzed by flavonol synthase (FLS) enzyme. FLS was reported expressed in flowers and fruits, i.e., Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Caryophyllaceae), Petunia hybrida Hort. (Solanaceae), Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Brassicaceae), Citrus unshiu Marc. (Rutaceae). However, none reported about FLS in medicinal plants, particularly those which possess anti-inflammatory activity. This study was aimed to extract and identify FLS in the rhizome of Boesenbergia rotunda (Zingiberaceae) and to determine quercetin in the ethanol extract of the rhizome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein extraction of the rhizome was carried out by employing Laing and Christeller's (2004) and Wang's (2014) methods. The extracted-proteins were separated by using SDS-PAGE, followed by the measurement of FLS intensity by using Gel Analyzer. The FLS-1 of recombinant A. thaliana was employed as the standard. The determination of quercetin in the rhizome was carried out using LC-MS. RESULTS The FLS occurred as a thick band at 38 kDa with intensity 116-158. The LC chromatogram of the extract indicated a small peak at 7.94 min similar to that of quercetin standard. The MS spectra at 7.94 min indicated that quercetin is present in the B. rotunda rhizome (m/z = 303.0549). The concentration of quercetin in the extract is 0.022% w/v. CONCLUSION The FLS, an enzyme which plays an important role in producing quercetin, was detected in B. rotunda rhizome planted in Indonesia. As a consequence, quercetin in a small amount, was also quantified in the rhizome of this plant. This report will add a scientific insight of B. rotunda for biological sciences.
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Zheng D, Ruan YT, Yin ZP, Zhang QF. A Comparison of Solubility, Stability, and Bioavailability between Astilbin and Neoastilbin Isolated from Smilax glabra Rhizoma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204728. [PMID: 33076319 PMCID: PMC7587598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astilbin and neoastilbin are two flavonoid stereoisomers. In the present study, their solubility, stability, and bioavailability were compared in a rat. The results revealed that the water solubility of astilbin and neoastilbin was 132.72 μg/mL and 217.16 μg/mL, respectively. The oil–water distribution coefficient (log P) of astilbin and neoastilbin in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was 1.57 and 1.39, and in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was 1.09 and 0.98, respectively. In SIF, about 78.6% astilbin remained after 4 h of incubation at 37 °C, while this value was 88.3% for neoastilbin. Most of the degraded astilbin and neoastilbin were isomerized into their cis-trans-isomer, namely neoisoastilbin and isoastilbin, respectively, and the decomposed parts were rare. For bioavailability comparison in a rat, an HPLC method for trace amounts of astilbin and neoastilbin determination in plasma was developed, and the pretreatment of plasma was optimized. A pharmacokinetic study showed that the absolute bioavailability of astilbin and neoastilbin in a rat showed no significant difference with values of 0.30% and 0.28%, respectively.
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Zhang L, Zhou WN, Tu ZC, Yang SH, Xu L, Yuan T. Influence of Hydroxyl Substitution on the Suppression of Flavonol in Harmful Glycation Product Formation and the Inhibition Mechanism Revealed by Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8263-8273. [PMID: 32662984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que), kaempferol (Kaem), isorhamnetin (Irh), and myricetin (Myri) are typical flavonols that are abundant in plant resources. This research investigated their ability in attenuating harmful glycation product formation and the effect of hydroxyl substitution. The inhibition mechanisms were elucidated by fluorescence spectroscopy and nano-liquid chromatography Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the 3'-OH on the B-ring is critical in alleviating harmful glycation product formation, methylation reduced its inhibition, and the 5'-OH showed much less contribution than the 3'-OH. Que showed the strongest suppression on initial product, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and advanced glycation end product formation, with the corresponding percentage inhibitions at 36.58 μM of 81.1, 56.9, and 95.4%. Que and Myri also clearly inhibited fructosamine and acrylaminde production, while no suppression was observed by Irh and Kaem. The number of glycated sites was reduced from ten to seven, five, six, and nine, respectively, when 36.58 μM Que, Myri, Kaem, and Irh was added. Suppressing the conformational changes of ovalbumin induced by glycation, trapping dicarbonyl compounds, altering the microenvironment around tryptophan, and reducing the glycation activity of potential sites were the major inhibition mechanisms. These results suggest that Que and Myri may be promising natural agents for inhibiting harmful glycation and provide theoretical support for the effective screening of natural antiglycation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Wen-Na Zhou
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Si-Hang Yang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Liang Xu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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Xie HF, Kong YS, Li RZ, Nothias LF, Melnik AV, Zhang H, Liu LL, An TT, Liu R, Yang Z, Ke JP, Zhang P, Bao GH, Xie ZW, Li DX, Wan XC, Dai QY, Zhang L, Zhao M, An MQ, Long YH, Ling TJ. Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis of the Metabolites Produced by In Vitro Solid-State Fermentation Reveals Pathways for the Bioconversion of Epigallocatechin Gallate. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7995-8007. [PMID: 32618197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dark teas are prepared by a microbial fermentation process. Flavan-3-ol B-ring fission analogues (FBRFAs) are some of the key bioactive constituents that characterize dark teas. The precursors and the synthetic mechanism involved in the formation of FBRFAs are not known. Using a unique solid-state fermentation system with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation as well as targeted chromatographic isolation, spectroscopic identification, and Feature-based Molecular Networking on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking web platform, we reveal that dihydromyricetin and the FBRFAs, including teadenol A and fuzhuanin A, are derived from epigallocatechin gallate upon exposure to fungal strains isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea. In particular, the strains from subphylum Pezizomycotina were key drivers for these B-/C-ring oxidation transformations. These are the same transformations seen during the fermentation process of dark teas. These discoveries set the stage to enrich dark teas and other food products for these health-promoting constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Shuai Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexey V Melnik
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Da-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Qiang An
- Yiyang Fu Cha Industry Development Co. Ltd., 690 North Datao Road, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Long
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
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Liu S, Marsol-Vall A, Laaksonen O, Kortesniemi M, Yang B. Characterization and Quantification of Nonanthocyanin Phenolic Compounds in White and Blue Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus) Juices and Wines Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS and UHPLC-DAD. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7734-7744. [PMID: 32609509 PMCID: PMC7497633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds in juice and wine produced from fruits of white bilberry, a nonpigmented mutant of Vaccinium myrtillus, and blue bilberry (pigmented variety) were analyzed using liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) and LC-DAD-electrospray ionization-quadrapole/time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). On the basis of elution order, UV-vis spectra, accurate mass data, and fragmentation pattern and standards, 42 compounds including 22 phenolic acids, 15 flavonols, and 5 flavan-3-ols, were identified in juices and wines prepared from the two bilberry varieties. The levels of most individual nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds in white bilberry products were significantly lower than those in pigmented ones. In bilberry juices, phenolic acids were the most predominant, accounting for approximately 80% of total phenolic content, with p-coumaroyl monotropeins and caffeic acid hexoside being the major phenolic acids. After fermentation, the total contents of phenolic acids, flavonols, and nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds significantly increased, while the content of total flavan-3-ols decreased significantly. p-Coumaroyl monotropeins still dominated in the wine products, while caffeic acid content showed dramatic elevation with the significant drop of caffeic acid hexoside.
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Hajdú Z, Forgo P, Király G, Pinke G, Zupkó I, Hohmann J. Isolation of chemical constituents from Filago vulgaris and antiproliferative activity of the plant extract and its flavonoid against human tumor cell lines. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1593-1597. [PMID: 33583792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Filago vulgaris Lam. (Asteraceae) resulted in the isolation and characterization of seven compounds, including a rare methoxylated flavonol (araneol), tetrahydrofurofuranolignans (pinoresinol and syringaresinol), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, vanillic acid and scopoletin. The structures of the compounds were determined by NMR and mass spectroscopy. All compounds were first obtained from this species and reported for the genus Filago. Our results demonstrate that highly methoxylated flavonols lacking substituents on ring B and lignans can be regarded as taxonomic markers for the tribe Inuleae. The lipophilic extract of F. vulgaris was found to have antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells (62.1±0.9% inhibition at 30 μ/ml), and araneol was highly effective against this tumour cell line (IC50 8.36 μ M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Hajdú
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Király
- Institute of Sylviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre u. 4, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Gyula Pinke
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Vár 2, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Lang SJ, Schmiech M, Hafner S, Paetz C, Werner K, El Gaafary M, Schmidt CQ, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Chrysosplenol d, a Flavonol from Artemisia annua, Induces ERK1/2-Mediated Apoptosis in Triple Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114090. [PMID: 32521698 PMCID: PMC7312517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative human breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype with poor prognosis. Besides the better-known artemisinin, Artemisia annua L. contains numerous active compounds not well-studied yet. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-MS) was used for the analysis of the most abundant compounds of an Artemisia annua extract exhibiting toxicity to MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. Artemisinin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, arteannuic acid were not toxic to any of the cancer cell lines tested. The flavonols chrysosplenol d and casticin selectively inhibited the viability of the TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, CAL-51, CAL-148, as well as MCF7, A549, MIA PaCa-2, and PC-3. PC-3 prostate cancer cells exhibiting high basal protein kinase B (AKT) and no ERK1/2 activation were relatively resistant, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells with high basal ERK1/2 and low AKT activity were more sensitive to chrysosplenol d treatment. In vivo, chrysosplenol d and casticin inhibited MDA-MB-231 tumor growth on chick chorioallantoic membranes. Both compounds induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis. Chrysosplenol d activated ERK1/2, but not other kinases tested, increased cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. Lysosomal aberrations and toxicity could be antagonized by ERK1/2 inhibition. The Artemisia annua flavonols chrysosplenol d and casticin merit exploration as potential anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J. Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Katharina Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Menna El Gaafary
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Christoph Q. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
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Matłok N, Lachowicz S, Gorzelany J, Balawejder M. Influence of Drying Method on Some Bioactive Compounds and the Composition of Volatile Components in Dried Pink Rock Rose ( Cistus creticus L.). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112596. [PMID: 32503115 PMCID: PMC7321255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of various drying methods applied to leaves of Cistus creticus L. on the contents of polyphenols and the composition of the volatile fraction. The following four drying methods were used: convection drying at a temperature of 40 °C (CD 40 °C), 50 °C (CD 50 °C), and 60 °C (CD 60 °C); vacuum-microwave (VMD 240 W); combined drying, involving convection pre-drying (50 °C) and vacuum-microwave (240 W) finish drying (CPD-VMFD) as well as freeze-drying (FD). Polyphenols in the dried leaves were determined using chromatography-photodiode detector-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS). The contents of odoriferous substances in the dry material were determined by means of head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with the use of a gas chromatograph (GC). Thirty-seven polyphenol components including 21 flavonols, eight flavan-3-ols, and eight hydrolyzed tannins in dry Pink Rock Rose material were found for the first time. The highest contents of polyphenols, totaling 2.8 g 100 g−1 dry matter (d.m.), were found in the samples subjected to the CPD/VMFD drying method. Pink Rock Rose subjected to this drying method was characterized by large quantities of odoriferous compounds, mainly eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol, which contribute to its antiseptic properties. By using CPD/VMFD methods, it is possible to obtain fine quality dry material from the leaves of C. creticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matłok
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Technology Fermentation and Cereals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 37 Chelmonskiego Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Józef Gorzelany
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1a Ćwiklińskiej St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Escobar-Avello D, Olmo-Cunillera A, Lozano-Castellón J, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Vallverdú-Queralt A. A Targeted Approach by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Reveal New Compounds in Raisins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061281. [PMID: 32178240 PMCID: PMC7143986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Raisins are dried grapes mostly obtained from cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. and are extensively consumed worldwide. They are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, which are associated with a broad range of health benefits. The aim of the present study was to compare the phenolic profiles of three different raisin varieties (Thompson seedless, Muscat, and sultanas). Total polyphenols (TPs) were evaluated by the Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay and significant differences were observed among all raisin varieties. Furthermore, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was employed for the comprehensive identification of phenolic constituents. A total of 45 compounds were identified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanoids, flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, and stilbenoids. The three varieties of raisins showed a similar phenolic profile, although the highest number of phenolic compounds was identified in Muscat raisins owing to the proanthocyanidins extracted from their seeds, while stilbenoids were not detected in the Thompson variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Escobar-Avello
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (D.E.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Olmo-Cunillera
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (D.E.-A.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Lozano-Castellón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (D.E.-A.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Marhuenda-Muñoz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (D.E.-A.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (D.E.-A.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934034843
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Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang X, Sun F, Fan Y, Liu X, Li H, Deng Z. Hemostatic action of lotus leaf charcoal is probably due to transformation of flavonol aglycons from flavonol glycosides in traditional Chinses medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112364. [PMID: 31678413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (lotus) leaves were empirically carbonized to enhance the hemostatic effect in traditional Chinese medicines. The mechanism of this application remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims at exploring the transformation of phytochemical compounds in lotus leaves after heating and figuring out the phytochemical mechanism of the application of charcoal hemostatic styptics. METHODS AND RESULTS Raw lotus leaves were heated at 150 °C and 220 °C, respectively, and the transformation of the phytochemicals was studied. Flavonol glycosides in raw lotus leaves were found to be degraded to their corresponding aglycons in 150 °C lotus leaf charcoals (LLC) and the subsequent degradation products of aglycons in 220 °C LLC. 150 °C LLC exhibited the most desirable hemostatic effect in mice on reducing both bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) by more than 30% as compared to the untreated group (P < 0.05). The extracts of 150 °C LLC were further separated by using different solvents. Ethyl acetate fraction which contained much flavonol aglycons displayed the most desirable hemostatic effect. On the contrary, petroleum ether fraction contains poor flavonoid and much alkaloid thus prolonged BT and CT. N-butanol extracts which contained only flavonol glycoside failed to shorten CT. In rats, quercetin (aglycon) standard promoted blood coagulation by shortening APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) and increasing fibrinogen (P < 0.05). Hyperoside (glycoside) increased fibrinogen and platelet count (P < 0.05). Nuciferine was shown to prolong APTT and TT (thrombin time) and decrease fibrinogen (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Degradation of flavonoids and alkaloids in lotus leaves was suggested to enhance the hemostatic effect of LLC. Flavonol aglycons were found to be more effective on blood clotting compared with their corresponding glycosides. Nuciferine, a typical alkaloid in lotus leaves which was degraded in LLC showed anticoagulation effect in rats. The content of flavonoid aglycon can be regarded as a criterion to qualify LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yawei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Tomás-Las-Heras R, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Phenolic characteristics acquired by berry skins of Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo in response to close-to-ambient solar ultraviolet radiation are mostly reflected in the resulting wines. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:401-409. [PMID: 31637723 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely recognized that ambient levels of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation strongly influence the phenolic composition of grape skins. However, it is unknown to what extent this influence is reflected in the resulting wines. RESULTS Tempranillo grapevines were exposed or non-exposed to close-to-ambient solar UV levels using appropriate filters, and the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity of both grape skins and the resulting wines were analyzed. In total, 47 phenolic compounds were identified in skins and wines, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanols, stilbenes, and hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. In UV-exposed grape skins, flavonols and anthocyanins increased, whereas flavanols and hydroxybenzoic acids showed no significant change. These characteristics were conserved in the resulting wines. However, for stilbenes, hydroxycinnamic acids and antioxidant capacity, the effect of UV on grape skins was not conserved in wines, probably as a result of changes during winemaking. In addition, color intensity, total phenols and total polyphenol index of wines elaborated from UV-exposed grapes increased (although non-significantly) compared to those made from non-UV-exposed grapes. CONCLUSION The phenolic composition of grape skins exposed to close-to-ambient solar UV could predict, to some extent, the phenolic composition of the resulting wines, particularly regarding higher contents of flavonols and anthocyanins. Thus, manipulating the UV radiation received by grape skins could improve wine quality by positively influencing color stability and healthy properties. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the effects of solar UV radiation on phenolic composition have been assessed from grape skins to wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Monforte
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Abstract
4G-α-Glucopyranosylrutin (monoglucosylrutin, MGR) is a flavonol glycoside with quercetin as an aglycone, is pale yellow in color, and engages in both copigmentation and anticopigmentation. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism underlying the copigmentation of MGR upon complexation with caffeine. Three approaches were used: binding analyses based on changes in the absorbance spectrum, NOESY experiments, and DFT and TDDFT calculations using an explicit solvation model. Our findings show that copigmentation mainly results from a bathochromic shift in the absorbance spectrum and not a from hyperchromic effect. MGR and caffeine form a complex in both 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometric ratios. The calculated optimized 1:1 and 1:2 complex structures were supported by the NOESY spectrum and form a cluster with 13 and 11 water molecules, respectively, through hydrogen bonds. Although HOMO and LUMO contribute most to the excitation of both the MGR monomer and the complexes, these frontier molecular orbitals in the complexes are distributed more widely than those in the MGR monomer. In particular, LUMO in the complexes spreads into the copigment caffeine and the solvent water molecules. This increase in electron delocalization reduces the energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals, resulting in copigmentation with a bathochromic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ujihara
- Food Research Institute , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , 2-1-12 Kannondai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8642 , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hayashi
- Food Research Institute , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , 2-1-12 Kannondai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8642 , Japan
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Colombo RC, Roberto SR, Nixdorf SL, Pérez-Navarro J, Gómez-Alonso S, Mena-Morales A, García-Romero E, Azeredo Gonçalves LS, da Cruz MA, de Carvalho DU, Madeira TB, Watanabe LS, de Souza RT, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I. Analysis of the phenolic composition and yield of 'BRS Vitoria' seedless table grape under different bunch densities using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108955. [PMID: 32156395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are considered to be a major source of phenolic compounds as compared with other fruits. To improve the quality of table grapes, some techniques like thinning can be used. In addition, grape cultivars with distinct characteristics are directly linked to its phenolic profile. This study aimed to identify and quantify the phenolic compound profile and yield of the hybrid 'BRS Vitoria' seedless table grape under different bunch densities, using a combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) methodologies and analytical high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). A trial was carried out in 2016, in a commercial vineyard at Marialva, state of Parana (South Brazil). Three weeks after anthesis, the following bunch densities were evaluated: 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6 bunches per m2 (corresponding to an estimation of 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 tons ha-1). The randomized block design was used as a statistical model with each treatment was replicated four times, with one vine per plot. Different characteristics were evaluated at harvest, e.g., soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), maturation index (MI = SS/TA), bunch and berry masses, yield, as well hydroxycinnamic acid derivative (HCAD), anthocyanin, flavonol, and flavan-3-ol contents by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The evaluated bunch densities did not interfere with the physicochemical characteristics of the berries, such as SS and MI. Under the density of 6.0 bunches per m2, the highest yield of 25 tons ha-1 was reached. Under all bunch densities, the phenolic profile presented the same compounds, but at different concentrations. Under a density of 5.0 bunches per m2, the compounds belonging to the anthocyanin and flavonol families were present in high concentrations. In contrast, at the densities of 4.0 and 4.5 bunches per m2, there was a reduction in the flavan-3-ol content. With respect to stilbenes, only the trans-piceid and its cis- isomer were detected. However, their concentrations had no significant influence on the evaluated bunch densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Carlos Colombo
- Agricultural Science Department, Federal Technological University of Parana, 85601-970 Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Sergio Ruffo Roberto
- Agricultural Research Center, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Lucy Nixdorf
- Development of Instrumentation and Analytical Automation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - José Pérez-Navarro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Adela Mena-Morales
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Esteban García-Romero
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Bervelieri Madeira
- Development of Instrumentation and Analytical Automation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lycio Shinji Watanabe
- Development of Instrumentation and Analytical Automation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Londrina State University, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Irmisch S, Jancsik S, Yuen MMS, Madilao LL, Bohlmann J. Biosynthesis of the anti-diabetic metabolite montbretin A: glucosylation of the central intermediate mini-MbA. Plant J 2019; 100:879-891. [PMID: 31400245 PMCID: PMC6899944 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects over 320 million people worldwide. Healthy lifestyles, improved drugs and effective nutraceuticals are different components of a response against the growing T2D epidemic. The specialized metabolite montbretin A (MbA) is being developed for treatment of T2D and obesity due to its unique pharmacological activity as a highly effective and selective inhibitor of the human pancreatic α-amylase. MbA is an acylated flavonol glycoside found in small amounts in montbretia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora) corms. MbA cannot be obtained in sufficient quantities for drug development from its natural source or by chemical synthesis. To overcome these limitations through metabolic engineering, we are investigating the genes and enzymes of MbA biosynthesis. We previously reported the first three steps of MbA biosynthesis from myricetin to myricetin 3-O-(6'-O-caffeoyl)-glucosyl rhamnoside (mini-MbA). Here, we describe the sequence of reactions from mini-MbA to MbA, and the discovery and characterization of the gene and enzyme responsible for the glucosylation of mini-MbA. The UDP-dependent glucosyltransferase CcUGT3 (UGT703E1) catalyzes the 1,2-glucosylation of mini-MbA to produce myricetin 3-O-(glucosyl-6'-O-caffeoyl)-glucosyl rhamnoside. Co-expression of CcUGT3 with genes for myricetin and mini-MbA biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana validated its biological function and expanded the set of genes available for metabolic engineering of MbA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Irmisch
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Sharon Jancsik
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Macaire M. S. Yuen
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Lufiani L. Madilao
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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Noguera-Artiaga L, Salvador MD, Fregapane G, Collado-González J, Wojdyło A, López-Lluch D, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Functional and sensory properties of pistachio nuts as affected by cultivar. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6696-6705. [PMID: 31350759 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern agriculture allows farmers to choose among different cultivars of the same fruit to fulfill their agronomic needs and consumers' demands; however, there are only a few studies that describe and compare key functional and sensory properties of different pistachio cultivars. The main objective of this study was to compare eight pistachio cultivars by analyzing key functional properties (phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidins, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of α-amylase and β-glucosidase), aromatic compounds with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and by examining their sensory properties with a trained panel. RESULTS A combination of LC-PDA-MS-QTof (liquid chromatography photodiode array quadrupole time-off flight mass spectrometry) and electrospray ionization was used to determine two phenolic acids, nine flavonols, one anthocyanin, and three flavan-3-ols in pistachio cultivars, with a total concentration ranging from 500 to 6065 mg 100 g-1 dry weight (dw). The total polymeric procyanidins concentrations oscillated between 348 and 5919 mg 100 g-1 dw, (-)-epicatechin being the major monomer contributor. Pinene was the most abundant volatile compound (∼200 mg kg-1 dw), and, in the sensory analysis of samples, 23 sensory attributes were found to differ significantly among the cultivars. CONCLUSION The cultivar 'Larnaka' stood out as having the best functional profile (high polyphenolic content, high antioxidant activity, and high values of α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition), and the cultivars 'Kastel' and 'Kerman' showed the most attractive sensory properties, mainly the most intense flavor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - María D Salvador
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado-González
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - David López-Lluch
- Departamento de Economía Agroambiental, Ingeniería Cartográfica y Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, EPSO, UMH, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Ángel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
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Gouot JC, Smith JP, Holzapfel BP, Barril C. Grape Berry Flavonoid Responses to High Bunch Temperatures Post Véraison: Effect of Intensity and Duration of Exposure. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234341. [PMID: 31783632 PMCID: PMC6930521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate models predict an increase in the frequency and duration of heatwaves with an increase in intensity already strongly evident worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two heatwave-related parameters (intensity and duration) during berry ripening and identify a threshold for berry survival and flavonoid accumulation. A Doehlert experimental design was used to test three temperature intensities (maxima of 35, 46, and 54 °C) and five durations (3 to 39 h), with treatments applied at the bunch level shortly after véraison. Berry skin and seeds were analysed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS) for flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, free flavan-3-ols, and tannins). Berries exposed to 46 °C showed little difference compared to 35 °C. However, berries reaching temperatures around 54 °C were completely desiccated, and all flavonoids were significantly decreased except for skin flavonols on a per berry basis and seed tannins in most cases. Some compounds, such as dihydroxylated flavonoids and galloylated flavan-3-ols (free and polymerised), were in higher proportion in damaged berries suggesting they were less degraded or more synthesised upon heating. Overall, irreversible berry damages and substantial compositional changes were observed and the berry survival threshold was estimated at around 50-53 °C for mid-ripe Shiraz berries, regardless of the duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Gouot
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)2-6933-4082
| | - Jason P. Smith
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Bruno P. Holzapfel
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Celia Barril
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Rha CS, Seong H, Jung YS, Jang D, Kwak JG, Kim DO, Han NS. Stability and Fermentability of Green Tea Flavonols in In-Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Human Fecal Fermentation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235890. [PMID: 31771257 PMCID: PMC6928927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols, the second most abundant flavonoids in green tea, exist mainly in the form of glycosides. Flavonols are known to have a variety of beneficial health effects; however, limited information is available on their fate in the digestive system. We investigated the digestive stability of flavonol aglycones and glycosides from green tea under simulated digestion and anaerobic human fecal fermentation. Green tea fractions rich in flavonol glycosides and aglycones, termed flavonol-glycoside-rich fraction (FLG) and flavonol-aglycone-rich fraction (FLA) hereafter, were obtained after treatment with cellulase and tannase, respectively. Kaempferol and its glycosides were found to be more stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids than the derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. Anaerobic human fecal fermentation with FLG and FLA increased the populations of Lactobacilli spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. and generated various organic acids, such as acetate, butyrate, propionate, and lactate, among which butyrate was produced in the highest amount. Our findings indicate that some stable polyphenols have higher bioaccessibilities in the gastrointestinal tract and that their health-modulating effects result from their interactions with microbes in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Rha
- Vitalbeautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea;
| | - Hyunbin Seong
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-G.K.)
| | - Young Sung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Davin Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Jun-Gu Kwak
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-G.K.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-O.K.); (N.S.H.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.); +82-43-261-2567 (N.S.H.)
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.-O.K.); (N.S.H.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.); +82-43-261-2567 (N.S.H.)
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Faustino MV, Faustino MAF, Silva H, Cunha Â, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA. Puccinellia maritima, Spartina maritime, and Spartina patens Halophytic Grasses: Characterization of Polyphenolic and Chlorophyll Profiles and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:E3796. [PMID: 31652513 PMCID: PMC6832526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytic grasses have been recently targeted as possible sources of nutraceutical and medicinal compounds. Nonetheless, few studies have been conducted on the phytochemistry and biological activities of metabolites produced by these plants. Among these, Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald, Spartina patens (Aiton.) Muhl., and Puccinellia maritima (Hudson) Parl. are three halophytic grasses whose chemical composition and bioactivities are unknown. The present work broadens the knowledge on the polyphenolic and chlorophyll composition of these species identifying for the first time hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, flavones, flavonols, lignans, as well as chlorophylls and xantophylls. The extracts were particularly rich in caffeic and ferulic acids as well as in trihydroxymethoxyflavone, apigenin and tricin derivatives. Interestingly, several of the identified compounds are relevant from a medicinal and nutraceutical point of view putting in evidence the potential of these species. Thus, the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the polyphenolic extracts were assessed as well as the photophysical properties of the chlorophyll-rich extracts. The results, herein presented for the first time, reinforce the nutritional and the medicinal potential of these halophytic grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Helena Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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48
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Agbo EN, Gildenhuys S, Mphahlele MJ. Inhibitory Effects of Novel 7-Substituted 6-iodo-3- O-Flavonol Glycosides against Cholinesterases and β-secretase Activities, and Evaluation for Potential Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193500. [PMID: 31561628 PMCID: PMC6804162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 7-halogeno- (X = F, Cl, Br) and 7-methoxy-substituted acetylated 6-iodo-3-O-flavonol glycosides were prepared, and evaluated for inhibitory effect in vitro against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities. 7-Bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-iodo-4H-chromen-4-one-3-O-2,3,4,6-O-tetraacetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (2k) and 7-bromo-6-iodo-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one-3-O-2,3,4,6-O-tetraacetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (2l) exhibited significant inhibitory effect against AChE activity when compared to the activity of the reference standard, donepezil. Compound 2k was found to be selective against AChE and to exhibit reduced inhibitory effect against BChE activity. 6-Iodo-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one-3-O-2,3,4,6-O-tetraacetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (2p) was found to exhibit increased activity against BChE, more so than the activity of donepezil. The most active compounds were also evaluated for inhibitory effect against β-secretase activity and for potential radical scavenging activities. The experimental data were complemented with molecular docking (in silico) studies of the most active compounds into the active sites of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Agbo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Samantha Gildenhuys
- Department of Life & Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Malose J Mphahlele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa.
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49
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Michalska A, Wojdyło A, Majerska J, Lech K, Brzezowska J. Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Heat-Induced Changes in Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity in Prunus domestica L. By-products. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163008. [PMID: 31430992 PMCID: PMC6719984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plum pomace, an agro-industrial waste product has received attention due to the worldwide popularity of plums. During convection, the content of flavan-3-ols decrease, except drying at 90 °C, whereas the content of i.e., chlorogenic, 3-p- and 4-p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin rutinoside, and galactoside was observed to increase along with the increase in process temperature. The highest content of all identified polyphenols was found in plum pomace powders obtained using a combination of convective at 90 °C and microwave vacuum drying (MVD) at 120 W, whereas the highest retention of the group consisted of phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins was noted when CD 70 °C/MVD 120 W was used, pointing to a strong influence of the type of polyphenols on their changes caused by drying. The correlations between TEAC ABTS and the sum of flavonoids (r = 0.634) and anthocyanins (r = 0.704) were established. The multiple regression analysis showed that polyphenol content was more strongly affected by drying time than by maximum temperature, whereas antioxidant capacity was more influenced by maximum temperature of sample than by drying time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majerska
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, the Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lech
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, the Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jessica Brzezowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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50
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Xiao XN, Wang F, Yuan YT, Liu J, Liu YZ, Yi X. Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata Leaves against Food-Borne Bacteria. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152831. [PMID: 31382605 PMCID: PMC6695662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has recently attracted increased interest due to its considerable health-promoting activities but there are few reports on its antibacterial activity and mechanism. In this paper, the activity and mechanisms of DMY from Ampelopsis grossedentata leaves against food-borne bacteria are investigated. Moreover, the effects of pH, thermal-processing, and metal ions on the antibacterial activity of DMY are also evaluated. The results show that DMY exhibits ideal antibacterial activity on five types of food-borne bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The activities of DMY against bacteria are extremely sensitive to pH, thermal-processing, and metal ions. The morphology of the tested bacteria is changed and damaged more seriously with the exposure time of DMY. Furthermore, the results of the oxidative respiratory metabolism assay and the integrity of the cell membrane and wall tests revealed that the death of bacteria caused by DMY might be due to lysis of the cell wall, leakage of intracellular ingredients, and inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nian Xiao
- OAI Sino-German United Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Wang
- OAI Sino-German United Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Ting Yuan
- Sino-German Food Engineering Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- OAI Sino-German United Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yue-Zhen Liu
- OAI Sino-German United Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xing Yi
- Sino-German Food Engineering Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China.
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