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Kuranova NN, Pimenov OA, Zavalishin MN, Gamov GA. Complexes of Gold(III) with Hydrazones Derived from Pyridoxal: Stability, Structure, and Nature of UV-Vis Spectra. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5046. [PMID: 38732264 PMCID: PMC11084471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate are aldehyde forms of B6 vitamin that can easily be transformed into each other in the living organism. The presence of a phosphate group, however, provides the related compounds (e.g., hydrazones) with better solubility in water. In addition, the phosphate group may sometimes act as a binding center for metal ions. In particular, a phosphate group can be a strong ligand for a gold(III) ion, which is of interest for researchers for the anti-tumor and antimicrobial potential of gold(III). This paper aims to answer whether the phosphate group is involved in the complex formation between gold(III) and hydrazones derived from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The answer is negative, since the comparison of the stability constants determined for the gold(III) complexes with pyridoxal- and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-derived hydrazones showed a negligible difference. In addition, quantum chemical calculations confirmed that the preferential coordination of two series of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated hydrazones to gold(III) ion is similar. The preferential protonation modes for the gold(III) complexes were also determined using experimental and calculated data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George A. Gamov
- Department of General Chemical Technology, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, Ivanovo 153000, Russia; (N.N.K.); (O.A.P.); (M.N.Z.)
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Baglov A, Khoroshko L, Zhoidzik A, Dong M, Weng Q, Kazi M, Khandaker MU, Islam MA, Chowdhury ZZ, Sayyed M, Trukhanov S, Tishkevich D, Trukhanov A. Evolution of structural and electronic properties standardized description in rhenium disulfide at the bulk-monolayer transition. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28646. [PMID: 38586325 PMCID: PMC10998219 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of ReS2 different forms - three-dimensional bulk and two-dimensional monolayer - were studied within density functional theory and pseudopotentials. A method for standardizing the description of bulk unit cells and "artificial" slab unit cells for DFT research has been proposed. The preference of this method for studying zone dispersion has been shown. The influence of the vacuum layer thickness on specified special high-symmetry points is discussed. Electron band dispersion in both classical 3D Brillouin zones and transition to 2D Brillouin zones in the proposed two-dimensional approach using the Niggli form of the unit cell was compared. The proposed two-dimensional approach is preferable for low-symmetry layered crystals such as ReS2. It was established that the bulk ReS2 is a direct gap semiconductor (band gap of 1.20 eV), with the direct transition lying in the X point of the first Brillouin zone, and it is in good agreement with published experimental data. The reduction in material dimension from bulk to monolayer was conducted with an increasing band gap up to 1.45 eV, with a moving direct transition towards the Brillouin zone center. The monolayer of ReS2 is a direct-gap semiconductor in a wide range of temperatures, excluding only a narrow range at low temperatures, where it comes as a quasi-direct gap semiconductor. The transition, situated directly in the Γ-point, lies 3.3 meV below the first direct transition located near this point. The electronic density of states of ReS2 in the bulk and monolayer cases of ReS2 were analyzed. The molecular orbitals were built for both types of ReS2 structures as well as the electron difference density maps. For all types of ReS2 structures, an analysis of populations according to Mulliken and Voronoi was carried out. All calculated data is discussed in the context of weak quantum confinement in the 2D case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Baglov
- Belarusian State University, Faculty of Physics, 4 Nezavisimosti Av., Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Browka 6, Minsk, 220013, Belarus
| | - Liudmila Khoroshko
- Belarusian State University, Faculty of Physics, 4 Nezavisimosti Av., Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Browka 6, Minsk, 220013, Belarus
| | - Anastasiya Zhoidzik
- Belarusian State University, Faculty of Physics, 4 Nezavisimosti Av., Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Mengge Dong
- Department of Resources and Environment, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110819, PR China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Qunhong Weng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, 2 Lushan S Rd, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, POBOX- 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M.I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, 1162 Amman, Jordan
| | - Sergei Trukhanov
- SSPA “Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Daria Tishkevich
- SSPA “Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Alex Trukhanov
- SSPA “Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus”, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
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3
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Pimenov OA, Grazhdan KV, Zavalishin MN, Gamov GA. Geometry and UV-Vis Spectra of Au 3+ Complexes with Hydrazones Derived from Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate: A DFT Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098412. [PMID: 37176119 PMCID: PMC10179053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold(III) complexes with different ligands can provide researchers with a measure against pathogenic microorganisms with antibiotic resistance. We reported in our previous paper that the UV-Vis spectra of different protonated species of complexes formed by gold(III) and five hydrazones derived from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate are similar to each other and to the spectra of free protonated hydrazones. The present paper focuses on the reasons of the noted similarity in electron absorption spectra. The geometry of different protonated species of complexes of gold(III) and hydrazones (15 structures in total) was optimized using the density functional theory (DFT). The coordination polyhedron of gold(III) bond critical points were further studied to identify the symmetry of the gold coordination sphere and the type of interactions that hold the complex together. The UV-Vis spectra were calculated using TD DFT methods. The molecular orbitals were analyzed to interpret the calculated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Pimenov
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Grazhdan
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Maksim N Zavalishin
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - George A Gamov
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
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Valdivia AC, Dai Y, Rambaldi F, Barker JE, Dressler JJ, Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA, Haley MM, Negri F, Casado J. Orbital Nature of Carboionic Monoradicals Made from Diradicals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300388. [PMID: 36749878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The electronic, optical, and solid state properties of a series of monoradicals, anions and cations obtained from starting neutral diradicals have been studied. Diradicals based on s-indacene and indenoacenes, with benzothiophenes fused and in different orientations, feature a varying degree of diradical character in the neutral state, which is here related with the properties of the radical redox forms. The analysis of their optical features in the polymethine monoradicals has been carried out in the framework of the molecular orbital and valence bond theories. Electronic UV-Vis-NIR absorption, X-ray solid-state diffraction and quantum chemical calculations have been carried out. Studies of the different positive-/negative-charged species, both residing in the same skeletal π-conjugated backbone, are rare for organic molecules. The key factor for the dual stabilization is the presence of the starting diradical character that enables to indistinctively accommodate a pseudo-hole and a pseudo-electron defect with certainly small reorganization energies for ambipolar charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Cardenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yasi Dai
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy) and INSTM, UdR, Bologna (Italy
| | - Filippo Rambaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy) and INSTM, UdR, Bologna (Italy
| | - Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry &, Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Justin J Dressler
- Department of Chemistry &, Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York Albany, New York, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York Albany, New York, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York Albany, New York, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York Albany, New York, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry &, Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy) and INSTM, UdR, Bologna (Italy
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Schleier D, Gerlach M, Pratim Mukhopadhyay D, Karaev E, Schaffner D, Hemberger P, Fischer I. Ammonia Borane, NH 3 BH 3 : A Threshold Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Study of a Potential Hydrogen-Storage Material. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201378. [PMID: 35622451 PMCID: PMC9401591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the photoionization of ammonia borane (AB) and determined adiabatic ionization energy to be 9.26±0.03 eV for the X+ 2E←X 1A1 transition. Although the threshold photoelectron spectrum appears at first glance to be similar to the one of the isosteric ethane, the electronic situation differs markedly, due to different orbital energies. In addition, an appearance energy AE0K(NH3BH3, NH3BH2+)= 10.00±0.03 eV has been determined, corresponding to the loss of a hydrogen atom at the BH3‐site. From the data, a 0 K bond dissociation energy for the B−H bond in the cation of 71.5±3 kJ mol−1 was derived, whereas the one in the neutral compound has been estimated to be 419±10 kJ mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenik Schleier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present Address: Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden (The, Netherlands
| | - Marius Gerlach
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deb Pratim Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Department of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Karaev
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schaffner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Ozcelik A, Aranda D, Pereira-Cameselle R, Talavera M, Covelo B, Santoro F, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL. ON/OFF Spiroconjugation through Peripheral Functionalization: Impact on the Reactivity and Chiroptical Properties of Spirobifluorenes. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100554. [PMID: 35415974 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spirobifluorenes are an important class of spiro compounds frequently used in the field of organic electronics. However, harnessing spiroconjugation to obtain high-performance in such structural motifs remains unexplored. We herein propose that peripheral functionalization may serve as a useful tool to control spiroconjugation in an ON/OFF manner on both chemical reactivity and photophysical properties. In particular, the ratio of mono- and di-functionalized spirobifluorenes found experimentally during their synthesis were found to be 3/2, 7/2, and 12/2 for phenyl, nitro-phenyl and amino-phenyl analogues, respectively. These remarkable reactivity differences correlate with the spiroconjugation character evaluated theoretically at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Additionally, comparison of experimental and predicted optical and chiroptical responses shows that spiroconjugated molecular orbitals have a significant or negligible involvement on the main electronic transitions depending on the peripheral functionality of the spirobifluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - María Talavera
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berta Covelo
- CACTI (Centro de Apoyo Científico-Tecnológico a la Investigación), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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7
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Ding Y, Sarkar SK, Nazish M, Muhammed S, Lüert D, Ruth PN, Legendre CM, Herbst-Irmer R, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Yang Z, Roesky HW. Stabilization of Reactive Nitrene by Silylenes without Using a Reducing Metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27206-27211. [PMID: 34545990 PMCID: PMC9299049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the stabilization of nitrene reagents as the source of a nitrogen atom to synthesize nitrogen‐incorporated R1LSi‐N←SiLR2 (1) [L=PhC(NtBu)2; R1=NTMS2, R2=NTMS]. Compound 1 is synthesized by reacting LSi(I)‐SiIL with 3.1 equivalents of Me3SiN3 at low temperature to afford a triene‐like structural framework. Whereas the reaction of the LSi(I)‐SiIL with 2.1 equivalents of Me3SiN3 at room temperature produced silaimine 2 with a central four‐membered Si2N2 ring which is accompanied by a silylene LSi and a cleaved silylene fragment. 1 further reacts with AgOTf at room temperature to yield compound 3 which shows coordination of nitrene to silver with the triflate salt. The compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The quantum mechanical calculations reveal that compounds 1 and 2 have dicoordinated monovalent N atoms having two active lone pairs of electrons. These lone pairs are stabilized by hyperconjugative interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shahila Muhammed
- National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 673601, India
| | - Daniel Lüert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina M Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Tanaka K, Wasada-Tsutsui Y. X-ray molecular orbital analysis. II. Application to diformohydrazide, (NHCHO) 2. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021; 77:593-610. [PMID: 34726635 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273321006495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular orbitals (MOs) of diformohydrazide have been determined from the electron density measured by X-ray diffraction. The experimental and refinement procedures are explained in detail and the validity of the obtained MOs is assessed from the crystallographic point of view. The X-ray structure factors were measured at 100 K by a four-circle diffractometer avoiding multiple diffraction, the effect of which on the structure factors is comparable to two-centre structure factors. There remained no significant peaks on the residual density map and the R factors reduced significantly. Among the 788 MO coefficients, 731 converged, of which 694 were statistically significant. The C-H and N-H bond distances are 1.032 (2) and 1.033 (3) Å, respectively. The electron densities of theoretical and experimental MOs and the differences between them are illustrated. The overall features of the electron density obtained by X-ray molecular orbital (XMO) analysis are in good agreement with the canonical orbitals calculated by the restricted Hartree Fock (RHF) method. The bonding-electron distribution around the middle of each bond is well represented and the relative phase relationships of the π orbitals are reflected clearly in the electron densities on the plane perpendicular to the molecular plane. However, differences are noticeable around the O atom on the molecular plane. The orbital energies obtained by XMO analysis are about 0.3 a.u. higher than the corresponding canonical orbitals, except for MO10 to MO14 which are about 0.7 a.u. higher. These exceptions are attributed to the N-H...O'' intermolecular hydrogen bond, which is neglected in the MO models of the present study. The hydrogen bond is supported by significant electron densities at the saddle points between the H(N) and O'' atoms in MO7, 8, 14 and 17, and by that of O''-p extended over H(N) in MO21 and 22, while no peaks were found in MO10, 11, 13 and 15. The electron density of each MO clearly exhibits its role in the molecule. Consequently, the MOs obtained by XMO analysis give a fundamental quantum mechanical insight into the real properties of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Tanaka
- Research Division, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Yotsuya tori 1-13, Chikusa-ku/Nagoya, 464-0819, Japan
| | - Yuko Wasada-Tsutsui
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho/shouwa-ku/Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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9
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Alam KM, Jensen CE, Kumar P, Hooper RW, Bernard GM, Patidar A, Manuel AP, Amer N, Palmgren A, Purschke DN, Chaulagain N, Garcia J, Kirwin PS, Shoute LCT, Cui K, Gusarov S, Kobryn AE, Michaelis VK, Hegmann FA, Shankar K. Photocatalytic Mechanism Control and Study of Carrier Dynamics in CdS@C 3N 5 Core-Shell Nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:47418-47439. [PMID: 34608803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a potential solution to the problem of extraction of photogenerated holes from CdS nanocrystals and nanowires. The nanosheet form of C3N5 is a low-band-gap (Eg = 2.03 eV), azo-linked graphenic carbon nitride framework formed by the polymerization of melem hydrazine (MHP). C3N5 nanosheets were either wrapped around CdS nanorods (NRs) following the synthesis of pristine chalcogenide or intercalated among them by an in situ synthesis protocol to form two kinds of heterostructures, CdS-MHP and CdS-MHPINS, respectively. CdS-MHP improved the photocatalytic degradation rate of 4-nitrophenol by nearly an order of magnitude in comparison to bare CdS NRs. CdS-MHP also enhanced the sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity of bare CdS NWs for the decolorization of rhodamine B (RhB) by a remarkable 300% through the improved extraction and utilization of photogenerated holes due to surface passivation. More interestingly, CdS-MHP provided reaction pathway control over RhB degradation. In the absence of scavengers, CdS-MHP degraded RhB through the N-deethylation pathway. When either hole scavenger or electron scavenger was added to the RhB solution, the photocatalytic activity of CdS-MHP remained mostly unchanged, while the degradation mechanism shifted to the chromophore cleavage (cycloreversion) pathway. We investigated the optoelectronic properties of CdS-C3N5 heterojunctions using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS), and photoconductivity measurements. TRTS indicated high carrier mobilities >450 cm2 V-1 s-1 and carrier relaxation times >60 ps for CdS-MHP, while CdS-MHPINS exhibited much lower mobilities <150 cm2 V-1 s-1 and short carrier relaxation times <20 ps. Hysteresis in the photoconductive J-V characteristics of CdS NWs disappeared in CdS-MHP, confirming surface passivation. Dispersion-corrected DFT simulations indicated a delocalized HOMO and a LUMO localized on C3N5 in CdS-MHP. C3N5, with its extended π-conjugation and low band gap, can function as a shuttle to extract carriers and excitons in nanostructured heterojunctions, and enhance performance in optoelectronic devices. Our results demonstrate how carrier dynamics in core-shell heterostructures can be manipulated to achieve control over the reaction mechanism in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Charles E Jensen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Riley W Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Guy M Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Aakash Patidar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Ajay P Manuel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Naaman Amer
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Anders Palmgren
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N Purschke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Phillip S Kirwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lian C T Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank A Hegmann
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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10
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Gapontsev VV, Gazizova DD, Streltsov SV. Dimerization in α-TiCl 3and α-TiBr 3: the DFT study. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:495803. [PMID: 34534981 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac27da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of DFT calculations for two layered compounds with honeycomb lattice-α-TiCl3and α-TiBr3has been performed. It was shown that the symmetric SU(4) spin-orbital model recently proposed ford1systems with honeycomb lattice cannot be realized in these titanates because they dimerize in the low temperature phase. This explains experimentally observed drop in magnetic susceptibility of α-TiBr3. Our results also suggest formation of valence-bond liquid state in the high-temperature phase of α-TiCl3and α-TiBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Gapontsev
- M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620137, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Daria D Gazizova
- M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620137, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Streltsov
- M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620137, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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11
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de Beer S, Cukrowski I, de Lange JH. Characterization of bonding modes in metal complexes through electron density cross-sections. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2695-2706. [PMID: 32956494 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative inspection of molecular orbitals (MOs) remains one of the most popular analysis tools used to describe the electronic structure and bonding properties of transition metal complexes. In symmetric coordination complexes, the use of group theory and the symmetry-adapted linear combination (SALC) of fragment orbitals allows for a very accurate and informative interpretation of MOs, but the same procedure cannot be performed for asymmetric complexes, such as Schrock and Fischer carbenes. In this work, we present a straight-forward approach for classifying and quantifying MO contributions to a particular metal-ligand interaction. Our approach utilizes the topology of MO density contributions to a cross-section of an inter-nuclear region, and is computationally inexpensive and applicable to symmetric and asymmetric complexes alike. We also apply the same approach with similar decompositions using Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) and the recently developed Fragment, Atomic, Localized, Delocalized and Interatomic (FALDI) density decomposition scheme. In particular, FALDI analysis provides additional insights regarding the multi-centric nature of metal-carbene bonds without resorting to expensive multi-reference calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane de Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jurgens H de Lange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Sarkar SK, Chaliha R, Siddiqui MM, Banerjee S, Münch A, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Jemmis ED, Roesky HW. A Neutral Three-Membered 2π Aromatic Disilaborirane and the Unique Conversion into a Four-Membered BSi 2 N-Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23015-23019. [PMID: 32840959 PMCID: PMC7756765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, structure, bonding, and reaction of a neutral 2π aromatic three‐membered disilaborirane. The disilaborirane is synthesized by a facile one‐pot reductive dehalogenation of amidinato‐silylene chloride and dibromoarylborane with potassium graphite. Despite the tetravalent arrangement of atoms around silicon, the three‐membered silicon‐boron‐silicon ring is aromatic, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy, nucleus independent chemical shift calculations, first‐principles electronic structure studies using density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) based bonding analysis. Trimethylsilylnitrene, generated in situ, inserts in the Si−Si bond of disilaborirane to obtain a four‐membered heterocycle 1‐aza‐2,3‐disila‐4‐boretidine derivative. Both the heterocycles are fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rinkumoni Chaliha
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mujahuddin M Siddiqui
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annika Münch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Sun Y, Sun S, Yang H, Xi S, Gracia J, Xu ZJ. Spin-Related Electron Transfer and Orbital Interactions in Oxygen Electrocatalysis. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2003297. [PMID: 32776367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution and reduction reactions play a critical role in determining the efficiency of the water cycling (H2 O ⇔ H2 + 1 2 O2 ), in which the hydrogen serves as the energy carrier. That calls for a comprehensive understanding of oxygen electrocatalysis for efficient catalyst design. Current opinions on oxygen electrocatalysis have been focused on the thermodynamics of the reactant/intermediate adsorption on the catalysts. Because the oxygen molecule is paramagnetic, its production from or its reduction to diamagnetic hydroxide/water involves spin-related electron transfer. Both electron transfer and orbital interactions between the catalyst and the reactant/intermediate show spin-dependent character, making the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics sensitive to the spin configurations. Herein, a brief introduction on the spintronic explanation of the catalytic phenomena on oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is given. The local spin configurations and orbital interactions in the benchmark transition-metal-based catalysts for OER and ORR are analyzed as examples. To further understand the spintronic oxygen electrocatalysis and to develop more efficient spintronic catalysts, the challenges are summarized and future opportunities proposed. Spin electrocatalysis may emerge as an important topic in the near future and help integrate a comprehensive understanding of oxygen electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmiao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengnan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKLMMD), Beijing Innovation Center of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science A*Star, 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Jose Gracia
- MagnetoCat SL, General Polavieja 9 3I, Alicante, 03012, Spain
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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14
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Orozco AJ, Joachim K, Ruiz HD, Fronczek FR, Isovitsch R. Investigating the change in the photophysical properties of a trio of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone derivatives with varied groups on the aromatic rings in the 3- and 4-positions. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:247-255. [PMID: 32860639 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds with electronic properties, such as a small band gap, are useful in areas ranging from organic field effect transistors to solar cells. Such organic compounds can possess conjugation and/or aromatic systems, with one example being tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and its derivatives. A trio of dramatically coloured tetraphenylcyclopentadienone derivatives with varied substituents on the aromatic rings in the 3- and 4-positions were prepared. Their identities were confirmed using the usual methods, for example 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and their purity quantified using elemental analysis. The X-ray crystal structure of compound 2 was determined. Its notable structural features involved the cyclopentadienone core with its distinct C-C and C=C bond lengths and its overall nonplanarity, both of which served to mitigate its antiaromatic nature. Chloroform solutions of compounds 2-4 exhibited absorption spectra with three absorption bands at approximately 250, 350, and 500 nm that were assigned to (π)→(π*) transitions. Computational chemistry methods assisted in assigning the observed transitions to a specific molecular orbital combination in the structures of 2-4. Emission in the red end of the visible spectrum (550-625 nm) was observed from chloroform solutions of all three of the prepared compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kole Joachim
- Department of Chemistry, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, USA
| | - Henry D Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ralph Isovitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, USA
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15
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Abstract
4G-α-Glucopyranosylrutin (monoglucosylrutin, MGR) is a flavonol glycoside with quercetin as an aglycone, is pale yellow in color, and engages in both copigmentation and anticopigmentation. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism underlying the copigmentation of MGR upon complexation with caffeine. Three approaches were used: binding analyses based on changes in the absorbance spectrum, NOESY experiments, and DFT and TDDFT calculations using an explicit solvation model. Our findings show that copigmentation mainly results from a bathochromic shift in the absorbance spectrum and not a from hyperchromic effect. MGR and caffeine form a complex in both 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometric ratios. The calculated optimized 1:1 and 1:2 complex structures were supported by the NOESY spectrum and form a cluster with 13 and 11 water molecules, respectively, through hydrogen bonds. Although HOMO and LUMO contribute most to the excitation of both the MGR monomer and the complexes, these frontier molecular orbitals in the complexes are distributed more widely than those in the MGR monomer. In particular, LUMO in the complexes spreads into the copigment caffeine and the solvent water molecules. This increase in electron delocalization reduces the energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals, resulting in copigmentation with a bathochromic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ujihara
- Food Research Institute , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , 2-1-12 Kannondai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8642 , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hayashi
- Food Research Institute , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , 2-1-12 Kannondai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8642 , Japan
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16
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Wyrick J, Wang X, Namboodiri P, Schmucker SW, Kashid RV, Silver RM. Atom-by-Atom Construction of a Cyclic Artificial Molecule in Silicon. Nano Lett 2018; 18:7502-7508. [PMID: 30428677 PMCID: PMC6505699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen atoms on a silicon surface, H-Si (100), behave as a resist that can be patterned with perfect atomic precision using a scanning tunneling microscope. When a hydrogen atom is removed in this manner, the underlying silicon presents a chemically active site, commonly referred to as a dangling bond. It has been predicted that individual dangling bonds function as artificial atoms, which, if grouped together, can form designer molecules on the H-Si (100) surface. Here, we present an artificial ring structure molecule spanning three dimer rows, constructed from dangling bonds, and verified by spectroscopic measurement of its molecular orbitals. We found that removing 8 hydrogen atoms resulted in a molecular analog to 1,4-disilylene-hexasilabenzene (Si8H8). Scanning tunneling spectroscopic measurements reveal molecular π and π* orbitals that agree with those expected for the same molecule in a vacuum; this is validated by density functional theory calculations of the dangling bond system on a silicon slab that show direct links both to the experimental results and to calculations for the isolated molecule. We believe the unique electronic structure of artificial molecules constructed in this manner can be engineered to enable future molecule-based electronics, surface catalytic functionality, and templating for subsequent site-selective deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wyrick
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Xiqiao Wang
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pradeep Namboodiri
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Scott W. Schmucker
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ranjit V. Kashid
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Richard M. Silver
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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17
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Krüger J, Eisenhut F, Skidin D, Lehmann T, Ryndyk DA, Cuniberti G, García F, Alonso JM, Guitián E, Pérez D, Peña D, Trinquier G, Malrieu JP, Moresco F, Joachim C. Electronic Resonances and Gap Stabilization of Higher Acenes on a Gold Surface. ACS Nano 2018; 12:8506-8511. [PMID: 30059612 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis provides a powerful method for the generation of long acene molecules, making possible the detailed investigation of the electronic properties of single higher acenes on a surface. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy combined with theoretical considerations, we discuss the polyradical character of the ground state of higher acenes as a function of the number of linearly fused benzene rings. We present energy and spatial mapping of the tunneling resonances of hexacene, heptacene, and decacene, and discuss the role of molecular orbitals in the observed tunneling conductance maps. We show that the energy gap between the first electronic tunneling resonances below and above the Fermi energy stabilizes to a finite value, determined by a first diradical electronic perturbative contribution to the polyacene electronic ground state. Up to decacene, the main contributor to the ground state of acenes remains the lowest-energy closed-shell electronic configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Krüger
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Frank Eisenhut
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Dmitry Skidin
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Dmitry A Ryndyk
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS) , Universität Bremen , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS) , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Fátima García
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 - Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - José M Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 - Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 - Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 - Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 - Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626 , Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III) , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR5626 , Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III) , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Francesca Moresco
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Joachim
- Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurale (CEMES), UPR 8011 CNRS , Nanosciences Group & MANA Satellite , 29 Rue J. Marvig , P.O. Box 94347, 31055 Toulouse , France
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18
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Tanaka K. X-ray molecular orbital analysis. I. Quantum mechanical and crystallographic framework. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018; 74:345-356. [PMID: 29978845 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318005478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular orbitals were obtained by X-ray molecular orbital analysis (XMO). The initial molecular orbitals (MOs) of the refinement were calculated by the ab initio self-consistent field (SCF) MO method. Well tempered basis functions were selected since they do not produce cusps at the atomic positions on the residual density maps. X-ray structure factors calculated from the MOs were fitted to observed structure factors by the least-squares method, keeping the orthonormal relationship between MOs. However, the MO coefficients correlate severely with each other, since basis functions are composed of similar Gaussian-type orbitals. Therefore, a method of selecting variables which do not correlate severely with each other in the least-squares refinement was devised. MOs were refined together with the other crystallographic parameters, although the refinement with the atomic positional parameters requires a lot of calculation time. The XMO method was applied to diformohydrazide, (NHCHO)2, without using polarization functions, and the electron-density distributions, including the maxima on the covalent bonds, were represented well. Therefore, from the viewpoint of X-ray diffraction, it is concluded that the MOs averaged by thermal vibrations of the atoms were obtained successfully by XMO analysis. The method of XMO analysis, combined with X-ray atomic orbital (AO) analysis, in principle enables one to obtain MOs or AOs without phase factors from X-ray diffraction experiments on most compounds from organic to rare earth compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Tanaka
- Research Division, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Yotsuya tori 1-13, Chikusa-ku/Nagoya, 464-0819, Japan
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19
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Gorelik TE, van de Streek J, Meier H, Andernach L, Opatz T. Crystal structure analysis of a star-shaped triazine compound: a combination of single-crystal three-dimensional electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2018; 74:287-294. [PMID: 29927391 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618006686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state structure of star-shaped 2,4,6-tris{(E)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]ethenyl}-1,3,5-triazine is determined from a powder sample by exploiting the respective strengths of single-crystal three-dimensional electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction data. The unit-cell parameters were determined from single crystal electron diffraction data. Using this information, the powder X-ray diffraction data were indexed, and the crystal structure was determined from the powder diffraction profile. The compound crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group, P212121. The molecular conformation in the crystal structure was used to calculate the molecular dipole moment of 3.22 Debye, which enables the material to show nonlinear optical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Gorelik
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob Welder Weg 11, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Jacco van de Streek
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Herbert Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Lars Andernach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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20
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Talmaciu MM, Bodoki E, Oprean R. Global chemical reactivity parameters for several chiral beta-blockers from the Density Functional Theory viewpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:513-518. [PMID: 27857521 PMCID: PMC5111492 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim Beta-adrenergic antagonists have been established as first line treatment in the medical management of hypertension, acute coronary syndrome and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as for the prevention of initial episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices, glaucoma, and have recently become the main form of treatment of infantile hemangiomas. The aim of the present study is to calculate for 14 beta-blockers several quantum chemical descriptors in order to interpret various molecular properties such as electronic structure, conformation, reactivity, in the interest of determining how such descriptors could have an impact on our understanding of the experimental observations and describing various aspects of chemical binding of beta-blockers in terms of these descriptors. Methods The 2D chemical structures of the beta-blockers (14 molecules with one stereogenic center) were cleaned in 3D, their geometry was preoptimized using the software MOPAC2012, by PM6 method, and then further refined using standard settings in MOE; HOMO and LUMO descriptors were calculated using semi-empirical molecular orbital methods AM1, MNDO and PM3, for the lowest energy conformers and the quantum chemical descriptors (HLG, electronegativity, chemical potential, hardness and softness, electrophilicity) were then calculated. Results According to HOMO-LUMO gap and the chemical hardness the most stable compounds are alprenolol, bisoprolol and esmolol. The softness values calculated for the study molecules revolve around 0.100. Propranolol, sotalol and timolol have among the highest electrophilicity index of the studied beta-blocker molecules. Results obtained from calculations showed that acebutolol, atenolol, timolol and sotalol have the highest values for the electronegativity index. Conclusions The future aim is to determine whether it is possible to find a valid correlation between these descriptors and the physicochemical behavior of the molecules from this class. The HLG could be correlated to the experimentally recorded electrochemical properties of the molecules. HOMO could be correlated to the observed oxidation potential, since the required voltage is related to the energy of the HOMO, because only the electron from this orbital is involved in the oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Maria Talmaciu
- Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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21
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Abstract
Sc(2)S@C(84) has recently been detected but not structurally characterized.1 Density functional theory calculations on C(84) and Sc(2)S@C(84) show that the favored isomer of Sc(2)S@C84 shares the same parent cage as Sc(2)C2@C(84), whereas Sc(2)S@C(84):51383, which violates the isolated-pentagon rule, is the second lowest energy isomer with the widest HOMO-LUMO gap and shows high kinetic stability. The analysis shows that Sc(2)S@C(84):51575 is favored when the temperature exceeds 2,800 K and it can transform into the most favorable isomer Sc(2)S@C(84):51591. Molecular orbital analysis indicates that both Sc(2)S and Sc(2)C(2) formally transfer four electrons to the cage, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis demonstrates that there is a covalent interaction between Sc(2)S and C(84):51591. The IR spectra of Sc(2)S@C(84) are provided to aid future structural identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Southwest University, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 (China), Fax: (+) 86-23-68254000
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Delgado-Jaime MU, DeBeer S, Bauer M. Valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy of iron-carbonyl complexes: implications for the examination of catalytic intermediates. Chemistry 2013; 19:15888-97. [PMID: 24222392 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy (V2C XES) has been applied to a series of compounds relevant to both homogeneous catalysts and intermediates in heterogeneous reactions, namely [Fe(CO)5], [Fe2(CO)9], [Fe3(CO)12], [Fe(CO)3(cod)] (cod=cyclo-octadienyl), [Fe2Cp2(CO)4] (Cp=cyclo-pentadienyl), [Fe2Cp*2(CO)4] (Cp*=tetramethylcyclopentadienyl), and [FeCp(CO)2(thf)][B(ArF)4] (ArF=pentafluorophenyl). DFT calculations of the V2C XES spectra show very good agreement with experiment, which allows for an in depth analysis of the origins of the observed spectral signatures. It is demonstrated that the observed spectral features can be broken down into specific ligand and metal fragment contributions. The relative intensities of the observed features are further explained through a quantitative investigation of the metal 3p and 4p contributions to the spectra. The ability to use V2C XES to separate carbonyl, hydrocarbon, and solvent contributions is highlighted.
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Ma Y, Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y, Li H, Jiang L, Shu C, Wang C. Electron Spin Manipulation via Encaged Cluster: Differing Anion Radicals of Y2@C82-Cs, Y2C2@C82-Cs, and Sc2C2@C82-Cs. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:464-467. [PMID: 26281742 DOI: 10.1021/jz3020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerene species with controllable electron spin have attracted increasing attention along with their potential application in quantum information processing. In this paper, we report the electron spin manipulation via encage cluster through comparative studies on the anion radicals of metallofullerene Y2@C82-Cs, Y2C2@C82-Cs, and Sc2C2@C82-Cs. Although these three radical species have the same parent fullerene cage, we found that the unpaired spin characteristics as well as metal-spin couplings of them can be greatly affected by endohedral clusters. Furthermore, based on theoretical calculations, it was revealed that the encaged clusters can affect the electronic population of pristine endohedral metallofullerenes and eventually manipulate the spin distribution of their corresponding anion radicals. Our findings are referential to the spin coherence in information processing due to the variable paramagnetism of these metallofullerene radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Ma
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- ‡Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Li
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Jiang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Shu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
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