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Xiao X, Zhao X, Chen X, Zhao J. Heavy Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizers: Molecular Structure Design, Photophysical Properties and Application in Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36903415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for the treatment of cancer, because of its advantages including a low toxicity, non-drug-resistant character, and targeting capability. From a photochemical aspect, a critical property of triplet photosensitizers (PSs) used for PDT reagents is the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency. Conventional PDT reagents are limited to porphyrin compounds. However, these compounds are difficult to prepare, purify, and derivatize. Thus, new molecular structure paradigms are desired to develop novel, efficient, and versatile PDT reagents, especially those contain no heavy atoms, such as Pt or I, etc. Unfortunately, the ISC ability of heavy atom-free organic compounds is usually elusive, and it is difficult to predict the ISC capability of these compounds and design novel heavy atom-free PDT reagents. Herein, from a photophysical perspective, we summarize the recent developments of heavy atom-free triplet PSs, including methods based on radical-enhanced ISC (REISC, facilitated by electron spin-spin interaction), twisted π-conjugation system-induced ISC, the use of fullerene C60 as an electron spin converter in antenna-C60 dyads, energetically matched S1/Tn states-enhanced ISC, etc. The application of these compounds in PDT is also briefly introduced. Most of the presented examples are the works of our research group.
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2
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Lentzen M. Spin-Dependent Nonlinear Contrast Transfer in Transmission Electron Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2022; 29:1-9. [PMID: 36101006 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762201217x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the spin-dependent nonlinear contrast transfer in transmission electron microscopy is derived from the eikonal expansion of the Dirac equation. The transmission cross-coefficient of the standard imaging theory is amended by a spin-dependent factor, whose effect is investigated for single scattering in the object by an electrical field under polarized and unpolarized illumination, and it is illustrated with numerical results and plots for a kinetic energy of 80 keV. The resulting image displacement and image convolution increase with decreasing kinetic energy but are always smaller than a wavelength. General features of the cross-coefficient are discussed to identify favorable conditions for the measurement of the small spin effects, possibly in an unmodified instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lentzen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ernst Ruska Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
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3
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de Oteyza DG, Frederiksen T. Carbon-based nanostructures as a versatile platform for tunable π-magnetism. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:443001. [PMID: 35977474 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8a7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emergence ofπ-magnetism in open-shell nanographenes has been theoretically predicted decades ago but their experimental characterization was elusive due to the strong chemical reactivity that makes their synthesis and stabilization difficult. In recent years, on-surface synthesis under vacuum conditions has provided unprecedented opportunities for atomically precise engineering of nanographenes, which in combination with scanning probe techniques have led to a substantial progress in our capabilities to realize localized electron spin states and to control electron spin interactions at the atomic scale. Here we review the essential concepts and the remarkable advances in the last few years, and outline the versatility of carbon-basedπ-magnetic materials as an interesting platform for applications in spintronics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas G de Oteyza
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, E-33940 El Entrego, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Möllers PV, Wei J, Salamon S, Bartsch M, Wende H, Waldeck DH, Zacharias H. Spin-Polarized Photoemission from Chiral CuO Catalyst Thin Films. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12145-12155. [PMID: 35943911 PMCID: PMC9413420 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect facilitates a paradigm shift for controlling the outcome and efficiency of spin-dependent chemical reactions, for example, photoinduced water splitting. While the phenomenon is established in organic chiral molecules, its emergence in chiral but inorganic, nonmolecular materials is not yet understood. Nevertheless, inorganic spin-filtering materials offer favorable characteristics, such as thermal and chemical stability, over organic, molecular spin filters. Chiral cupric oxide (CuO) thin films can spin polarize (photo)electron currents, and this capability is linked to the occurrence of the CISS effect. In the present work, chiral CuO films, electrochemically deposited on partially UV-transparent polycrystalline gold substrates, were subjected to deep-UV laser pulses, and the average spin polarization of photoelectrons was measured in a Mott scattering apparatus. By energy resolving the photoelectrons and changing the photoexcitation geometry, the energy distribution and spin polarization of the photoelectrons originating from the Au substrate could be distinguished from those arising from the CuO film. The findings reveal that the spin polarization is energy dependent and, furthermore, indicate that the measured polarization values can be rationalized as a sum of an intrinsic spin polarization in the chiral oxide layer and a contribution via CISS-related spin filtering of electrons from the Au substrate. The results support efforts toward a rational design of further spin-selective catalytic oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. Möllers
- Department
of Physics and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jimeng Wei
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pittsburgh, 15260 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Soma Salamon
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Bartsch
- Department
of Physics and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pittsburgh, 15260 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Department
of Physics and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Abstract
The potential therapeutic uses of electromagnetic fields (EMF), part of the nonionizing radiation spectrum, increase with time. Among them, those considering the potential antitumor effects exerted by the Magnetic Fields (MFs), part of the EMF entity, have gained more and more interest. A recent review on this subject reports the MFs' effect on apoptosis of tumor cells as one of the most important breakthroughs. Apoptosis is considered a key mechanism regulating the genetic stability of cells and as such is considered of fundamental importance in cancer initiation and development. According to an atomic/sub-atomic analysis, based on quantum physics, of the complexity of biological life and the role played by oxygen and its radicals in cancer biology, a possible biophysical mechanism is described. The mechanism considers the influence of MFs on apoptosis through an effect on electron spin that is able to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. Impacting on the delicate balance between ROS production and ROS elimination in tumor cells is considered a promising cancer therapy, affecting different biological processes, such as apoptosis and metastasis. An analysis in the literature, which allows correlation between MFs exposure characteristics and their influence on apoptosis and ROS concentration, supports the validity of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Tofani
- Department of Medical Physics, Ivrea Hospital - ASL Torino Nord-Ovest TO4, Ivrea Torino, Italy.,Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Ivrea Torino, Italy
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6
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Sun Y, Sun S, Yang H, Xi S, Gracia J, Xu ZJ. Spin-Related Electron Transfer and Orbital Interactions in Oxygen Electrocatalysis. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2003297. [PMID: 32776367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution and reduction reactions play a critical role in determining the efficiency of the water cycling (H2 O ⇔ H2 + 1 2 O2 ), in which the hydrogen serves as the energy carrier. That calls for a comprehensive understanding of oxygen electrocatalysis for efficient catalyst design. Current opinions on oxygen electrocatalysis have been focused on the thermodynamics of the reactant/intermediate adsorption on the catalysts. Because the oxygen molecule is paramagnetic, its production from or its reduction to diamagnetic hydroxide/water involves spin-related electron transfer. Both electron transfer and orbital interactions between the catalyst and the reactant/intermediate show spin-dependent character, making the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics sensitive to the spin configurations. Herein, a brief introduction on the spintronic explanation of the catalytic phenomena on oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is given. The local spin configurations and orbital interactions in the benchmark transition-metal-based catalysts for OER and ORR are analyzed as examples. To further understand the spintronic oxygen electrocatalysis and to develop more efficient spintronic catalysts, the challenges are summarized and future opportunities proposed. Spin electrocatalysis may emerge as an important topic in the near future and help integrate a comprehensive understanding of oxygen electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmiao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengnan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKLMMD), Beijing Innovation Center of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science A*Star, 1 Pesek Road, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Jose Gracia
- MagnetoCat SL, General Polavieja 9 3I, Alicante, 03012, Spain
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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7
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Feng D, Yakovlev DR, Pavlov VV, Rodina AV, Shornikova EV, Mund J, Bayer M. Dynamic Evolution from Negative to Positive Photocharging in Colloidal CdS Quantum Dots. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2844-2851. [PMID: 28367630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are largely influenced by the trapping of charge carriers on the nanocrystal surface. Different concentrations of electron and hole traps and different rates of their capture to the traps provide dynamical charging of otherwise neutral nanocrystals. We study the photocharging formation and evolution dynamics in CdS colloidal quantum dots with native oleic acid surface ligands. A time-resolved technique with three laser pulses (pump, orientation, and probe) is developed to monitor the photocharging dynamics with picosecond resolution on wide time scales ranging from picoseconds to milliseconds. The detection is based on measuring the coherent spin dynamics of electrons, allowing us to distinguish the type of carrier in the QD core (electron or hole). We find that although initially negative photocharging happens because of fast hole trapping, it eventually evolves to positive photocharging due to electron trapping and hole detrapping. The positive photocharging lasts up to hundreds of microseconds at room temperature. These findings give insight into the photocharging process and provide valuable information for understanding the mechanisms responsible for the emission blinking in colloidal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Feng
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor V Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna V Rodina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Shornikova
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Mund
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund , 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Watson TF, Weber B, Hsueh YL, Hollenberg LLC, Rahman R, Simmons MY. Atomically engineered electron spin lifetimes of 30 s in silicon. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602811. [PMID: 29159289 PMCID: PMC5477090 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Scaling up to large arrays of donor-based spin qubits for quantum computation will require the ability to perform high-fidelity readout of multiple individual spin qubits. Recent experiments have shown that the limiting factor for high-fidelity readout of many qubits is the lifetime of the electron spin. We demonstrate the longest reported lifetimes (up to 30 s) of any electron spin qubit in a nanoelectronic device. By atomic-level engineering of the electron wave function within phosphorus atom quantum dots, we can minimize spin relaxation in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. These lifetimes allow us to demonstrate the sequential readout of two electron spin qubits with fidelities as high as 99.8%, which is above the surface code fault-tolerant threshold. This work paves the way for future experiments on multiqubit systems using donors in silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Watson
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication
Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,
Australia
- Corresponding author. (T.F.W.);
(M.Y.S.)
| | - Bent Weber
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication
Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,
Australia
| | - Yu-Ling Hsueh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lloyd L. C. Hollenberg
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication
Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rajib Rahman
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Simmons
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication
Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,
Australia
- Corresponding author. (T.F.W.);
(M.Y.S.)
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9
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Kawakami E, Jullien T, Scarlino P, Ward DR, Savage DE, Lagally MG, Dobrovitski VV, Friesen M, Coppersmith SN, Eriksson MA, Vandersypen LMK. Gate fidelity and coherence of an electron spin in an Si/SiGe quantum dot with micromagnet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11738-11743. [PMID: 27698123 PMCID: PMC5081655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603251113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gate fidelity and the coherence time of a quantum bit (qubit) are important benchmarks for quantum computation. We construct a qubit using a single electron spin in an Si/SiGe quantum dot and control it electrically via an artificial spin-orbit field from a micromagnet. We measure an average single-qubit gate fidelity of ∼99% using randomized benchmarking, which is consistent with dephasing from the slowly evolving nuclear spins in the substrate. The coherence time measured using dynamical decoupling extends up to ∼400 μs for 128 decoupling pulses, with no sign of saturation. We find evidence that the coherence time is limited by noise in the 10-kHz to 1-MHz range, possibly because charge noise affects the spin via the micromagnet gradient. This work shows that an electron spin in an Si/SiGe quantum dot is a good candidate for quantum information processing as well as for a quantum memory, even without isotopic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kawakami
- QuTech, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Jullien
- QuTech, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Scarlino
- QuTech, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Friesen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | | | - Lieven M K Vandersypen
- QuTech, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; Components Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR 97124
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10
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Strocov VN, Petrov VN, Dil JH. Concept of a multichannel spin-resolving electron analyzer based on Mott scattering. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22:708-16. [PMID: 25931087 PMCID: PMC4786086 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751500363x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a multichannel electron spin detector based on optical imaging principles and Mott scattering (iMott) is presented. A multichannel electron image produced by a standard angle-resolving (photo) electron analyzer or microscope is re-imaged by an electrostatic lens at an accelerating voltage of 40 kV onto the Au target. Quasi-elastic electrons bearing spin asymmetry of the Mott scattering are imaged by magnetic lenses onto position-sensitive electron CCDs whose differential signals yield the multichannel spin asymmetry image. Fundamental advantages of this concept include acceptance of inherently divergent electron sources from the electron analyzer or microscope focal plane as well as small aberrations achieved by virtue of high accelerating voltages, as demonstrated by extensive ray-tracing analysis. The efficiency gain compared with the single-channel Mott detector can be a factor of more than 10(4) which opens new prospects of spin-resolved spectroscopies in application not only to standard bulk and surface systems (Rashba effect, topological insulators, etc.) but also to buried heterostructures. The simultaneous spin detection combined with fast CCD readout enables efficient use of the iMott detectors at X-ray free-electron laser facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir N. Petrov
- St Petersburg Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya Str. 29, St Petersburg RU-195251, Russian Federation
| | - J. Hugo Dil
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institut de Physique de la Matière Condensée, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Tong H, Feng D, Li X, Deng L, Leng Y, Jia T, Sun Z. Room-Temperature Electron Spin Generation by Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Colloidal CdS Quantum Dots. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:4523-31. [PMID: 28788345 DOI: 10.3390/ma6104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental investigation of optical spin orientation in colloidal CdS quantum dots (QDs) by a femtosecond laser pulse at room temperature. The spin carrier and its spin-generation process are clarified. Firstly, the observed spin signals of CdS QDs in time-resolved Faraday rotation measurements are shown to belong to electron carriers, by comparing the spin dephasing dynamics and Landé g factor between CdS QDs and bulk materials. Secondly, spin dynamics unaffected by the faster carrier recombination suggests that the spin-polarized electrons are not photoexcited but resident in the dots. Moreover, hole spins should dephase very fast compared with electron spins, otherwise the trion (two electrons with opposite spin orientations and one hole) recombination process will affect the resident electron spin signals. The electron spin is generated in a short time of which the excitation light is absorbed and the resident electron is excited to trion states, i.e., of pulse durations. Due to fast hole spin dephasing, trion recombination gives null spin signals, and the subsequent electron spin dynamics is controlled by its intrinsic mechanisms.
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12
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Ma Y, Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y, Li H, Jiang L, Shu C, Wang C. Electron Spin Manipulation via Encaged Cluster: Differing Anion Radicals of Y2@C82-Cs, Y2C2@C82-Cs, and Sc2C2@C82-Cs. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:464-467. [PMID: 26281742 DOI: 10.1021/jz3020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerene species with controllable electron spin have attracted increasing attention along with their potential application in quantum information processing. In this paper, we report the electron spin manipulation via encage cluster through comparative studies on the anion radicals of metallofullerene Y2@C82-Cs, Y2C2@C82-Cs, and Sc2C2@C82-Cs. Although these three radical species have the same parent fullerene cage, we found that the unpaired spin characteristics as well as metal-spin couplings of them can be greatly affected by endohedral clusters. Furthermore, based on theoretical calculations, it was revealed that the encaged clusters can affect the electronic population of pristine endohedral metallofullerenes and eventually manipulate the spin distribution of their corresponding anion radicals. Our findings are referential to the spin coherence in information processing due to the variable paramagnetism of these metallofullerene radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Ma
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- ‡Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Li
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Jiang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Shu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
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