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Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Tomás-Las-Heras R, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Phenolic characteristics acquired by berry skins of Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo in response to close-to-ambient solar ultraviolet radiation are mostly reflected in the resulting wines. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:401-409. [PMID: 31637723 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely recognized that ambient levels of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation strongly influence the phenolic composition of grape skins. However, it is unknown to what extent this influence is reflected in the resulting wines. RESULTS Tempranillo grapevines were exposed or non-exposed to close-to-ambient solar UV levels using appropriate filters, and the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity of both grape skins and the resulting wines were analyzed. In total, 47 phenolic compounds were identified in skins and wines, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanols, stilbenes, and hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. In UV-exposed grape skins, flavonols and anthocyanins increased, whereas flavanols and hydroxybenzoic acids showed no significant change. These characteristics were conserved in the resulting wines. However, for stilbenes, hydroxycinnamic acids and antioxidant capacity, the effect of UV on grape skins was not conserved in wines, probably as a result of changes during winemaking. In addition, color intensity, total phenols and total polyphenol index of wines elaborated from UV-exposed grapes increased (although non-significantly) compared to those made from non-UV-exposed grapes. CONCLUSION The phenolic composition of grape skins exposed to close-to-ambient solar UV could predict, to some extent, the phenolic composition of the resulting wines, particularly regarding higher contents of flavonols and anthocyanins. Thus, manipulating the UV radiation received by grape skins could improve wine quality by positively influencing color stability and healthy properties. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the effects of solar UV radiation on phenolic composition have been assessed from grape skins to wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Monforte
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Castagna A, Csepregi K, Hideg É, Jakab G, Jansen MAK, Jug T, Llorens L, Mátai A, Martínez-Lüscher J, Monforte L, Neugart S, Olejnickova J, Ranieri A, Schödl-Hummel K, Schreiner M, Soriano G, Teszlák P, Tittmann S, Urban O, Verdaguer D, Zipoli G, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Environmental Factors Correlated with the Metabolite Profile of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir Berry Skins along a European Latitudinal Gradient. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:8722-8734. [PMID: 27794599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mature berries of Pinot Noir grapevines were sampled across a latitudinal gradient in Europe, from southern Spain to central Germany. Our aim was to study the influence of latitude-dependent environmental factors on the metabolite composition (mainly phenolic compounds) of berry skins. Solar radiation variables were positively correlated with flavonols and flavanonols and, to a lesser extent, with stilbenes and cinnamic acids. The daily means of global and erythematic UV solar radiation over long periods (bud break-veraison, bud break-harvest, and veraison-harvest), and the doses and daily means in shorter development periods (5-10 days before veraison and harvest) were the variables best correlated with the phenolic profile. The ratio between trihydroxylated and monohydroxylated flavonols, which was positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, was the berry skin variable best correlated with those radiation variables. Total flavanols and total anthocyanins did not show any correlation with radiation variables. Air temperature, degree days, rainfall, and aridity indices showed fewer correlations with metabolite contents than radiation. Moreover, the latter correlations were restricted to the period veraison-harvest, where radiation, temperature, and water availability variables were correlated, making it difficult to separate the possible individual effects of each type of variable. The data show that managing environmental factors, in particular global and UV radiation, through cultural practices during specific development periods, can be useful to promote the synthesis of valuable nutraceuticals and metabolites that influence wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture - Food and Environment, and Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa , via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kristóf Csepregi
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Hideg
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jakab
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs , Pázmány P. u. 4, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University College Cork , College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tjaša Jug
- Agricultural and Forestry Institute of Nova Gorica , Pri hrastu 18, 5270 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Laura Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi , Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anikó Mátai
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- UMR 1287 EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laura Monforte
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V. , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Julie Olejnickova
- Global Change Research Institute CAS , v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture - Food and Environment, and Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa , via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Katharina Schödl-Hummel
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V. , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Soriano
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs , Pázmány P. u. 4, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Susanne Tittmann
- Institute for General and Organic Viticulture, Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS , v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dolors Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi , Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Gaetano Zipoli
- Institute of Biometeorology - National Research Council , Via Caproni 8, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
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