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Fernández-Cedrón C, Sánchez-Fernández P, Guntín-García M, Sandoval-Menéndez I, Gómez-Martínez J, Llorente-Pendás JL, Núñez-Batalla F. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct as a cause of postneonatal deafness. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2024; 75:177-184. [PMID: 38342426 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the most frequent malformation of the inner ear associated with sensorineural hearing loss (5-15%). It exists when the diameter in imaging tests is greater than 1.5 mm at its midpoint. The association between hearing loss and EVA has been described in a syndromic and non-syndromic manner. It can appear as a familial or isolated form and the audiological profile is highly variable. The gene responsible for sensorineural hearing loss associated with EVA is located in the same region described for Pendred syndrome, where the SCL26A4 gene is located. OBJECTIVE To describe a series of children diagnosed with EVA in order to study their clinical and audiological characteristics, as well as the associated genetic and vestibular alterations. METHOD Retrospective study of data collection of children diagnosed with EVA, from April 2014 to February 2023. RESULTS Of the 17 cases, 12 were male and 5 were female. 5 of them were unilateral and 12 bilateral. In 5 cases, a cranial traumatism triggered the hearing loss. Genetic alterations were detected in 3 cases: 2 mutations in the SCL26A4 gene and 1 mutation in the MCT1 gene. 13 patients (76.5%) were rehabilitated with hearing aids and 9 of them required cochlear implantation. DISCUSSION The clinical importance of AVD lies in the fact that it is a frequent finding in the context of postneonatal hearing loss. It is convenient to have a high suspicion to diagnose it with imaging tests, to monitor its evolution, and to rehabilitate early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernández-Cedrón
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Fernández
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Maite Guntín-García
- Instituto de Atención Temprana y Seguimiento, Fundación Padre Vinjoy, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Justo Gómez-Martínez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Llorente-Pendás
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Faustino Núñez-Batalla
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a crucial tool for evaluation of the skull base, enabling characterization of complex anatomy by utilizing multiple image contrasts. Recent technical MR advances have greatly enhanced radiologists' capability to diagnose skull base pathology and help direct management. In this paper, we will summarize cutting-edge clinical and emerging research MR techniques for the skull base, including high-resolution, phase-contrast, diffusion, perfusion, vascular, zero echo-time, elastography, spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, PET/MR, ultra-high-field, and 3D visualization. For each imaging technique, we provide a high-level summary of underlying technical principles accompanied by relevant literature review and clinical imaging examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F Kirsch
- Division Chief, Neuroradiology, Professor of Neuroradiology and Otolaryngology, Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Associate Professor of Radiology, Director of Research, Department of Radiology, Director, Advanced Neuroimaging Core, Chair, Asian Pacific American Network, Secretary, Association for Staff and Faculty Women, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division Chief, Neuroradiology, Professor of Neuroradiology and Otolaryngology, Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY.
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Metwally MI, Alayouty NA, Basha MAA. Ear malformations: what do radiologists need to know? Clin Imaging 2020; 66:42-53. [PMID: 32450482 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ear malformations represent 50% of ear, nose and throat malformations. Ear malformations cause conductive hearing loss (CHL) and/or sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with a significant childhood disability worldwide. Early accurate diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to enhance language and speech development. Understanding the embryology of the ear explains the outcome of ototoxic prenatal insult according to the affected gestational age and the incidence of association among inner, middle, and external ear malformations. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the temporal bone are used in the evaluation of ear malformations. In this review article, the spectrum of ear malformations is discussed in detail with hints on the ear embryology, the ear radiological anatomy, and radiological determinant factors of operative reconstruction of ear anomalies.
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Cong T, Liu L, Zhang H, Wang L, Jiang X. Port-wine stains associated with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome caused by mutations in GNAQ and SLC26A4 genes: A case report. J Dermatol 2020; 47:78-81. [PMID: 31692010 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Port-wine stains (PWS) are capillary malformations associated with mutation in the GNAQ (NM_000441.1) gene. Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), caused by mutation in the SLC26A4 (NM_002072) gene, is an inner ear malformation that can lead to hearing loss. To our knowledge, LVAS in PWS patients has never been reported. Here, we describe a case of a 9-year-old female patient diagnosed with PWS on the face and neck, coexisting with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Further analyses revealed a somatic mutation in GNAQ and a compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC26A4 gene. Some PWS patients have associated abnormalities, such as glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma, leptomeningeal angiomas and atrophy or hypertrophy of bone and soft tissue. We present here the first case that reveals the possibility that capillary malformations are associated with inner ear malformation. More case reports and further studies are needed to determine whether these conditions coexist in other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Cong
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Macielak RJ, Mattingly JK, Findlen UM, Moberly AC, Malhotra PS, Adunka OF. Audiometric findings in children with unilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 120:25-29. [PMID: 30753978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of bilateral hearing loss in children with unilateral enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) at a single institution. METHODS A retrospective case review was performed at a tertiary care pediatric referral center involving children with radiologic findings of unilateral EVA and normal labyrinthine anatomy of the contralateral ear diagnosed via CT and/or MRI. The main outcome measure of interest is the number of patients with unilateral EVA who were diagnosed with bilateral hearing loss. RESULTS Sixty-one pediatric patients were identified. The mean audiometric follow-up was 48.2 months (0-150). Three (4.9%) patients with unilateral EVA were noted to have bilateral hearing loss, and this rate was not significantly different (p = 1.0) from the rate reported in a comparison group of patients with contralateral hearing loss (6.0%) without an EVA. The pure-tone average (defined as the average dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) in the group with bilateral hearing loss was 31.3 dB HL in the better hearing ear and 79.6 dB HL in the worse hearing ear, with the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.02). In the unilateral EVA patients without contralateral hearing loss (n = 56, 91.8%), the PTA was 9.4 dB HL in the better hearing ear and 51.9 dB HL in the worse hearing ear, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Two patients (3.3%) with unilateral EVA were found to have hearing within normal limits bilaterally. The EVA was ipsilateral to the worse hearing ear in all cases. CONCLUSION The prevalence of bilateral hearing loss in children with unilateral EVA appears to be low. Specifically, it may be no different than the rate of contralateral hearing loss in children with unilateral hearing loss without an EVA. The present report is somewhat different than the previously described prevalence in the literature. This difference could be related to the imaging type and diagnostic criteria used, the patients included, the source of the identified patents, and the overall population of patients studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Macielak
- The Hearing Program in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jameson K Mattingly
- The Hearing Program in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Ursula M Findlen
- The Hearing Program in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aaron C Moberly
- The Hearing Program in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Prashant S Malhotra
- The Hearing Program in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Oliver F Adunka
- The Hearing Program in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Study on the relationship between the pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 and CT phenotypes of inner ear in patient with sensorineural hearing loss. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182241. [PMID: 30842343 PMCID: PMC6430729 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possible association of pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 and computerized tomography (CT) phenotypes of inner ear, and explore the feasibility of using the method of gene sequence analysis. A total of 155 patients with bilateral hearing loss carrying SLC26A4 gene mutations were further subjected to high-resolution temporal bone CT and thyroid B ultrasound tests. The potential relationship between the pathogenic mutations of gene and the CT phenotypes were analyzed. As a result, 65 patients (41.9%, 65/155) carried SLC26A4 gene mutations, and 27 cases were detected with pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 where IVS7-2A>G (55.6%, 15/27) was the most common pathogenic mutation. Amongst them, 19 patients carrying bi-allelic SLC26A4 mutations were all confirmed to have inner ear malformation by CT scan including four cases of enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and 15 cases of Mondini dysplasia (MD). However, there was only one in eight cases of single allele pathogenic mutation who was confirmed to have EVA by CT scan. Further, only one patient with EVA was confirmed to be slightly higher of total T3 than normal by thyroid ultrasound scan and thyroid hormone assays. These findings suggested that CT detection and SLC26A4 gene detection are efficient methods to diagnose EVA, which can complement each other. Also, the bi-allelic pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 are more likely to induce inner ear malformation than single allele pathogenic mutation.
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Aimoni C, Ciorba A, Cerritelli L, Ceruti S, Skarżyński PH, Hatzopoulos S. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct: Audiological and genetical features in children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 101:254-258. [PMID: 28780189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA) is one of the most common congenital malformations associated with sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. The association between hearing loss and EVA is described in syndromic (i.e. Pendred Syndrome, BOR, Waardenburg) and non-syndromic disorders, as isolate or familiar mutations of the SLC26A4 gene. The audiological phenotype of the EVA syndrome is heterogeneous, the type and entity of hearing loss may vary and vertigo episodes might also be present. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical and genetic features of a group of adolescent subjects presenting an EVA clinical profile, considering the presence of SLC26A4 gene mutations. METHODS 14 Caucasian patients were assessed (24 ears in total; 4 patients presented a monolateral EVA), 10 females and 4 males. Their age at the time of diagnosis was between 1 and 6 years (mean age 2.5 years). Subjects were assessed by an ENT microscopy evaluation with a complete audiometric assessment, CT & MRI scans and genetic tests for the evaluation of the pendrin gene mutations (SLC26A4). RESULTS Considering the presence of SLC26A4 mutations and thyroid function, we could identify three sub-groups of patients: group 1, non syndromic EVA (ns EVA, no SLC26A4 mutation and no thyroid dysfunction); group 2, EVA with DFNB4 (single SLC26A4 gene mutation and no thyroid dysfunction); group 3, EVA with Pendred Syndrome (two pathological mutation of SLC26A4 and thyromegaly with thyroid dysfunction). Patients of group 1 (ns-EVA) showed various degrees of hearing loss from mild (55%) to severe-profound (45%). In groups 2 (DFNB4) and 3 (PDS), the degree of hearing loss is severe to profound in 70-75% of the cases; middle and high frequencies are mainly involved. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic expressions associated with the EVA clinical profile are heterogeneous. From the available data, it was not possible to identify a representative audiological profile, in any of the three sub-groups. The data suggest that: (i) a later onset of hearing loss is usually related to EVA, in absence of SLC26A4 gene mutations; and (ii) hearing loss is more severe in patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations (groups 2 and 3 of this study).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aimoni
- Clinic of Audiology & ENT, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Ciorba
- Clinic of Audiology & ENT, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - L Cerritelli
- Clinic of Audiology & ENT, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Ceruti
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy
| | - P H Skarżyński
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Kajetany, Poland; World Hearing Center, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Sensory Organs, Kajetany, Poland
| | - S Hatzopoulos
- Clinic of Audiology & ENT, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Bianchin G, Polizzi V, Formigoni P, Russo C, Tribi L. Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Cochlear Implantation: Enlarged Cochlear versus Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (Common Cavity Excluded). Int J Otolaryngol 2016; 2016:6591684. [PMID: 27847516 PMCID: PMC5101390 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6591684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To share our experience of cerebrospinal fluid gusher in cochlear implantation in patients with enlarged cochlear or vestibular aqueduct. Study Design. Case series with comparison and a review of the literature. Methods. A retrospective study was performed. Demographic and radiological results of patients with enlarged cochlear aqueduct or enlarged vestibular aqueduct in 278 consecutive cochlear implant recipients, including children and adults, were evaluated between January 2000 and December 2015. Results. Six patients with enlarged cochlear aqueduct and eight patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct were identified. Cerebrospinal fluid gusher occurs in five subjects with enlarged cochlear aqueduct and in only one case of enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Conclusion. Based on these findings, enlarged cochlear aqueduct may be the best risk predictor of cerebrospinal fluid gusher at cochleostomy during cochlear implant surgery despite enlarged vestibular aqueduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bianchin
- Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology Department, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valeria Polizzi
- Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology Department, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Formigoni
- Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology Department, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carmela Russo
- Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology Department, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tribi
- Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology Department, ASMN-IRCCS Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Pont E, Mazón M, Montesinos P, Sánchez MÁ, Más-Estellés F. Imaging Diagnostics: Congenital Malformations and Acquired Lesions of the Inner Ear. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pont E, Mazón M, Montesinos P, Sánchez MÁ, Más-Estellés F. Imaging diagnostics: congenital malformations and acquired lesions of the inner ear. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2014; 66:224-33. [PMID: 25312404 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital malformations and acquired lesions of the inner ear are characterised by small structural changes in this region. In recent decades, treatment options have improved considerably. At the same time, there has been a great advancement in diagnostic methods, obtaining high-resolution labyrinth images. Currently, we use a 64-multislice computed tomography scanner in spiral mode (Brilliance 64 Phillips, Eindhoven, the Netherlands), with an overlap of 0.66 mm and an interval of 0.33 mm, 120 KV and 300 mA. The magnetic resonance images were taken with Signa HDxt 1.5 and 3.0 T units (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA). We reviewed the radiological features of the lesions affecting the inner ear. They are classified as congenital (labyrinth malformation and statoacoustic nerve deficiencies) or acquired (otospongiosis, labyrinthitis, Ménière's disease, inner ear haemorrhage, intralabyrinthine schwannoma and endolymphatic sac tumour). CONCLUSION Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography play an essential role in diagnosing patients with inner ear pathology. The technique selected should be chosen depending on the clinical setting. In a generic way, tomography is the method of choice for the study of traumatic pathology or otospongiosis. When tumour or inflammatory pathology is suspected, magnetic resonance is superior. In cases of congenital malformation, both techniques are complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pont
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital General de Onteniente, Valencia, España.
| | - Miguel Mazón
- Sección de Neurorradiología y Radiología Cabeza-Cuello, Servicio de Radiología Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital La Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Sánchez
- Sección de Neurorradiología y Radiología Cabeza-Cuello, Servicio de Radiología Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Fernando Más-Estellés
- Sección de Neurorradiología y Radiología Cabeza-Cuello, Servicio de Radiología Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
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Sanverdi SE, Ozgen B, Dolgun A, Sarac S. Incomplete endochondral ossification of the otic capsule, a variation in children: evaluation of its prevalence and extent in children with and without sensorineural hearing loss. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 36:171-5. [PMID: 25234034 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endochondral ossification of the otic capsule is a process that continues postnatally; hence, incomplete endochondral ossification is seen as pericochlear hypoattenuation on temporal bone CT scans of children. We determined the prevalence and extent of this entity in a large series and assessed its relation to age and underlying sensorineural hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, temporal bone CTs of 40 children with sensorineural hearing loss were retrospectively assessed and compared with those of a control group scanned for non-sensorineural hearing loss reasons to assess any difference in the prevalence or extent of incomplete endochondral ossification. Then the CT scans of 510 children (age range, 17 days to 17 years) were retrospectively reviewed, and any observed endochondral ossification areas were classified as mild, moderate, or extensive, according to their extent. RESULTS Neither the presence nor degree of incomplete endochondral ossification had any significant correlation with the presence of sensorineural hearing loss (P = .08 and P = .1, respectively). Incomplete endochondral ossification was more frequently seen (62% of cases) than complete ossification. There was no statistically significant correlation between incomplete endochondral ossification and sex (P = .8), but an inverse correlation was found between the presence of incomplete endochondral ossification and increasing age (P < .001). Overall, mild incomplete endochondral ossification was the most frequent involvement pattern (44.4%). CONCLUSIONS The pericochlear hypoattenuation in the otic capsule representing incomplete endochondral ossification is a normal finding in children and can be seen as a marked curvilinear hypoattenuation at younger ages in the absence of any clinical disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Sanverdi
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.E.S., B.O.)
| | - B Ozgen
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.E.S., B.O.)
| | | | - S Sarac
- Otolaryngology (S.S.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Shama SA. Revisit to congenital anomalies of the inner ear: The spectrum of aplastic/dysplastic labyrinthine malformations (ADLM). A new concept for classification. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Sensorineural hearing loss: radiologic diagnosis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012; 58:519-29. [PMID: 23090219 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Busi M, Castiglione A, Taddei Masieri M, Ravani A, Guaran V, Astolfi L, Trevisi P, Ferlini A, Martini A. Novel mutations in the SLC26A4 gene. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1249-54. [PMID: 22717225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene (7q22.3-7q31.1) are considered one of the most common causes of genetic hearing loss. There are two clinical forms related to these mutations: syndromic and non-syndromic deafness. The first one is named Pendred Syndrome (PS) when deafness is associated with thyroid goiter; the second is called DFNB4, when no other symptoms are present. Both are transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, but simple heterozygotes can develop both forms of deafness. Actually it is thought that Pendred Syndrome occurs when both alleles of SLC26A4 gene are mutated; DFNB4 seems due to monoallelic mutations. PS and DFNB4 can be associated with inner ear malformations. In most of the cases (around 80%), these consist in Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA). EVA can also be present without SLC26A4 mutations. Understanding the role of new SLC26A4 variants should facilitate clinical assessment, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This investigation aims to detect and report genetic causes of two unrelated Italian boys with hearing loss. METHODS Patients and family members underwent clinical, audiological and genetic evaluations. To identify genetic mutations, DNA sequencing of SLC26A4 gene (including all 21 exons, exon-intron boundaries and promoter region) was carried out. RESULTS Both probands were affected by congenital, progressive and fluctuating mixed hearing loss. Temporal bone imaging revealed a bilateral EVA with no other abnormalities in both cases. Probands were heterozygotes for previously undescribed mutations in the SLC26A4 gene: R409H/IVS2+1delG (proband 1) and L236P/K590X (proband 2). No other mutations were detected in GJB2, GJB6 genes or mitochondrial DNA (mit-DNA). CONCLUSIONS The IVS2+1delG and K590X mutations have not yet been described in literature but there is some evidence to suggest that they have a pathological role. The results underlined the importance of considering the complete DNA sequencing of the SLC26A4 gene for differential molecular diagnosis of deafness, especially in those patients affected by congenital, progressive and fluctuating mixed hearing loss with bilateral EVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Busi
- Audiology Department - C.so Giovecca 203, 44121, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Perda auditiva neurossensorial: diagnóstico radiológico. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Moreira NC, Teixeira J, Raininko R, Wikstrom J. The ear in fetal MRI: what can we really see? Neuroradiology 2011; 53:1001-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-011-0938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chatard-Baptiste S, Martin C, Pouget J, Veyret C. Surdités brusques : intérêt de l’imagerie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 90:1823-35. [DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(09)73588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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