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Kondo H, Suzuki T, Hayakawa K, Maeda A, Funahashi T, Kuroiwa T, Kawano Y, Iwamoto T, Fujita N. T2 magnetic resonance imaging mapping and morphology of the median nerve before and after surgery in carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2024; 70:346-351. [PMID: 38924089 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mapping has been applied to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) for quantitative assessment of the median nerve. However, quantitative changes in the median nerve before and after surgery using T2 MRI mapping remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether pathological changes could be identified by pre- and postoperative T2 MRI mapping of the median nerve in CTS patients after open carpal tunnel release. METHODS This was a prospective study that measured median nerve T2 and cross-sectional area (CSA) values at the distal carpal tunnel, hamate bone, proximal carpal tunnel, and forearm levels pre- and postoperatively. Associations between T2, CSA, and nerve conduction latency were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 36 patients with CTS (mean age, 64.5 ± 11.7 years) who underwent surgery were studied. The mean preoperative T2 values significantly decreased from 56.3 to 46.9 ms at the proximal carpal tunnel levels (p = .001), and from 52.4 to 48.7 ms at the hamate levels postoperatively (p = .04). Although there was a moderate association between preoperative T2 values at the distal carpal tunnel levels and distal motor latency values (r = -.46), other T2 values at all four carpal tunnel levels were not significantly associated with CSA or nerve conduction latency pre- or postoperatively. DISCUSSION T2 MRI mapping of the carpal tunnel suggested a decrease in nerve edema after surgery. T2 MRI mapping provides quantitative information on the median nerve before and after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunori Kondo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Funahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Hashimoto S, Ohsawa T, Omae H, Oshima A, Takase R, Chikuda H. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for degenerative meniscal tears results in a decreased T2 relaxation time and pain relief: An exploratory randomized clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024. [PMID: 39101450 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal management of degenerative meniscal tears remains controversial. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to promote tissue repair in both preclinical and clinical studies; however, its effect on degenerative meniscal tears remains unknown. This study aimed to examine whether ESWT improves meniscal degeneration. METHODS This randomized trial was conducted between 2020 and 2022 and involved patients with degenerative medial meniscal tears. Patients were allocated to receive either focused ESWT (0.25 mJ/mm2, 2000 impulses, 3 sessions with a 1-week interval) or sham treatment. Patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before treatment and at 12 months after treatment. The primary endpoint was improvement in meniscal degeneration, as assessed by the change in T2 relaxation time from baseline on MRI T2 mapping. Knee pain and clinical outcomes were also examined at the same time. RESULTS Of 29 randomized patients, 27 patients (mean age 63.9 ± 8.7 years; females 37%; ESWT group 14 patients; control group 13 patients) were included in the final analysis. At 12 months postintervention, patients in the ESWT group showed a greater decrease in the T2 relaxation time (ESWT group -2.9 ± 1.7 ms vs. control group 1.0 ± 1.9 ms; p < 0.001) and had less knee pain (p = 0.04). The clinical outcomes at 12 months post-treatment were not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION ESWT decreased the T2 relaxation time in the meniscus at 12 months post-treatment. ESWT also provided pain relief, but no differences were observed in clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohsawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Omae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zenshukai Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Takasaki Genaral Medical Center, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryota Takase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Casula V, Kajabi AW. Quantitative MRI methods for the assessment of structure, composition, and function of musculoskeletal tissues in basic research and preclinical applications. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10334-024-01174-7. [PMID: 38904746 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling chronic disease involving the gradual degradation of joint structures causing pain and dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used as a non-invasive tool for assessing OA-related changes. While anatomical MRI is limited to the morphological assessment of the joint structures, quantitative MRI (qMRI) allows for the measurement of biophysical properties of the tissues at the molecular level. Quantitative MRI techniques have been employed to characterize tissues' structural integrity, biochemical content, and mechanical properties. Their applications extend to studying degenerative alterations, early OA detection, and evaluating therapeutic intervention. This article is a review of qMRI techniques for musculoskeletal tissue evaluation, with a particular emphasis on articular cartilage. The goal is to describe the underlying mechanism and primary limitations of the qMRI parameters, their association with the tissue physiological properties and their potential in detecting tissue degeneration leading to the development of OA with a primary focus on basic and preclinical research studies. Additionally, the review highlights some clinical applications of qMRI, discussing the role of texture-based radiomics and machine learning in advancing OA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Abdul Wahed Kajabi
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Li B, Ding Z, She H. Fast T 2 mapping of short-T 2 tissues in knee using 3D radial dual-echo balanced steady-state free precession. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 107:149-159. [PMID: 38278310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T2 mapping of short-T2 tissues in the knee (meniscus, tendon, and ligament) is needed to aid the clinical MRI knee diagnosis, which is hard to realize using traditional clinical methods. PURPOSE To accelerate the acquisition of T2 values for short-T2 tissues in the knee by analyzing the signal equation of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence in MRI. METHODS Effect of half-radial acquisition on pixel bandwidth was analyzed mathematically. A modified 3D radial dual-echo bSSFP sequence was proposed for 0.53 mm isotropic resolution knee imaging with 2 different TEs at 3 T, which alleviated the problem of off-resonance artifacts caused by traditional half-radial acquisition scheme. A novel pixel-based optimization method was proposed for efficient T2 mapping of short-T2 tissues in the knee given off-resonance values. Simulation was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed method to other parameters. Phantom results were compared with 2D spin-echo (SE), and in vivo results were compared with SE and previously studies. RESULTS Simulation showed that the proposed method is insensitive to T1 and B1 variations (estimation error < 1% for T1/B1 error of ±90%), avoiding the need for separated T1 and B1 scans. High isotropic resolution knee imaging was achieved using the modified dual-echo bSSFP. The total scan time was within 3.5 min, including a separate off-resonance scan for T2 measurement. Measured mean T2 values for phantoms correlated well with SE (R2 = 0.99), and no significant difference was observed (P = 0.45). In vivo meniscus T2 measurements and ligament T2 measurements agreed with the literature, while tendon T2 measurements were much lower (31.7% lower for patellar tendon, and 13.5% lower for quadriceps tendon), which might result in its bi-component property. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method provides an efficient way for fast, robust, high-resolution imaging and T2 mapping of short-T2 tissues in the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zekang Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun She
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Ward RJ, Driban JB, MacKay JW, McAlindon TE, Lu B, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, Harkey MS. Meniscal degeneration is prognostic of destabilzing meniscal tear and accelerated knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2418-2423. [PMID: 37094976 PMCID: PMC10592659 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic potential of magnetic resonance (MR)-detected meniscal degeneration in relation to incident destabilizing meniscal tears (radial, complex, root, or macerated) or accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA). We used existing MR data from a case-control study of three groups from the Osteoarthritis Initiative without radiographic KOA at baseline: AKOA, typical KOA, and no KOA. From these groups, we included people without medial and lateral meniscal tear at baseline (n = 226) and 48-month meniscal data (n = 221). Intermediate-weighted fat-suppressed MR images annually from baseline to the 48-month visit were graded using a semiquantitative meniscal tear classification criterion. Incident destabilizing meniscal tear was defined as progressing from an intact meniscus to a destabilizing tear by the 48-month visit. We used two logistic regression models to assess whether: (1) presence of medial meniscal degeneration was associated with an incident medial destabilizing meniscal tear, and (2) presence of meniscal degeneration in either meniscus was associated with incident AKOA over the next 4 years. People with the presence of a medial meniscal degeneration had three times the odds of developing an incident destabilizing medial meniscal tear within 4 years compared with a person without medial meniscus degeneration (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-6.59). People with meniscal degeneration had five times the odds of developing incident AKOA within 4 years compared with a person without meniscal degeneration in either meniscus (OR: 5.04; 95% CI: 2.57-9.89). Meniscal degeneration on MR is clinically meaningful as it relates to future poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Ward
- Department of Radiology, Saint Georges University, Grenada
WI, USA; Sullivan’s Island Imaging, Sullivan’s Island SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts
Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - James W. MacKay
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
UK & Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy E. McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts
Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - Bing Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Brigham
& Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical
School of Brown University, Pawtucket RI, USA
| | - Grace H. Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston VA
HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E.
DeBakey Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School
of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Harkey
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing MI, USA
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Demehri S, Kasaeian A, Roemer FW, Guermazi A. Osteoarthritis year in review 2022: imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1003-1011. [PMID: 36924919 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review summarizes original research focusing on imaging in osteoarthritis (OA) published between April 1st 2021 and March 31st 2022. We only considered English publications that were in vivo human studies. METHODS The PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched for "Osteoarthritis/OA" studies based on the search terms: "Radiography", "Ultrasound/US", "Computed Tomography/CT", "DXA", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging/MRI", "Artificial Intelligence/AI", and "Deep Learning". This review highlights the anatomical focus of research on the structures within the tibiofemoral, patellofemoral, hip, and hand joints. There is also a noted focus on artificial intelligence applications in OA imaging. RESULTS Over the last decade, the increasing trend of using open-access large databases has reached a plateau (from 17 to 37). Compositional MRI has had the most prominent use in OA imaging and its biomarkers have been used in the detection of preclinical OA and prediction of OA outcomes. Most noteworthy, there has been an accelerated rate of publications on the implications of artificial intelligence, used in developing prediction models and performing trabecular texture analysis, in OA imaging (from 17 to 154). CONCLUSIONS While imaging has maintained its key role in OA research, publication trends have shown an emphasis on the integration of AI. During the past year, MRI has maintained the highest prevalence in usage while US and CT remain as readily available modalities. Finally, there has been a notable uptake in the development and validation of AI techniques used to perform texture analysis and predict OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Demehri
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - A Kasaeian
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - F W Roemer
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen & Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - A Guermazi
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Stein P, Wuennemann F, Schneider T, Zeifang F, Burkholder I, Weber MA, Kauczor HU, Rehnitz C. 3-Tesla T2 Mapping Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of SLAP Lesions in Patients with Shoulder Pain: An Arthroscopy-Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093109. [PMID: 37176550 PMCID: PMC10179291 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of T2 mapping to assess the glenoid labrum and to differentiate between healthy labral substances and superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions using arthroscopy as the gold standard. Eighteen patients (mean age: 52.4 ± 14.72 years, 12 men) with shoulder pain were examined using 3-Tesla T2 mapping. All the patients underwent shoulder arthroscopy. Using morphological sequences for correlation, regions of interest covering the entire labral substance were placed in the corresponding T2 maps. The diagnostic cutoff values, sensitivities, and specificities, as well as the inter-reader correlation coefficients (ICCs) determined by two independent radiologists, were calculated. The mean T2 value was 20.8 ± 2.4 ms for the healthy labral substances and 37.7 ± 10.63 ms in the patients with SLAP lesions. The maximum T2 value in normal labrum (21.2 ms) was lower than the minimum T2 value in the patients with SLAP lesions (27.8 ms), leading to sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of 100% (95% CI 54.1-100.0) for all the cutoff values between 21.2 and 27.8 ms. The ICCs ranged from 0.91 to 0.99. In summary, the data suggest that evaluation and quantification of the labral (ultra)structural integrity using T2 mapping may allow discrimination between arthroscopically confirmed SLAP lesions and a healthy glenoid labrum. T2 mapping may therefore be helpful in diagnosing patients with suspected labral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stein
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Wuennemann
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology & Neuroradiology, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinics Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Zeifang
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ethianum Clinic Heidelberg, Voßstraße 6, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Burkholder
- Department of Nursing and Health, University of Applied Sciences of the Saarland, 66117 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehnitz
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Histological Findings and T2 Relaxation Time in Canine Menisci of Elderly Dogs—An Ex Vivo Study in Stifle Joints. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030182. [PMID: 36977221 PMCID: PMC10053884 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease that often affects the canine stifle joint. Due to their biomechanical function, the menisci in the canine stifle play an important role in osteoarthritis. They compensate for the incongruence in the joint and distribute and minimize compressive loads, protecting the hyaline articular cartilage from damage. Meniscal degeneration favors the development and progression of stifle joint osteoarthritis. Qualitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current golden standard for detecting meniscal changes, but it has limitations in detecting early signs of meniscal degeneration. A quantitative MRI offers new options for detecting early structural changes. T2 mapping can especially visualize structural changes such as altered collagen structures and water content, as well as deviations in proteoglycan content. This study evaluated T2 mapping and performed a histological scoring of menisci in elderly dogs that had no or only low radiographic osteoarthritis grades. A total of 16 stifles from 8 older dogs of different sex and breed underwent ex vivo magnet resonance imaging, including a T2 mapping pulse sequence with multiple echoes. A histological analysis of corresponding menisci was performed using a modified scoring system. The mean T2 relaxation time was 18.2 ms and the mean histological score was 4.25. Descriptive statistics did not reveal a correlation between T2 relaxation time and histological score. Ex vivo T2 mapping of canine menisci did not demonstrate histological changes, suggesting that early meniscal degeneration can be present in the absence of radiological signs of osteoarthritis, including no significant changes in T2 relaxation time.
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Ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer imaging of knee cartilage and meniscus after long-distance running. Eur Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00330-023-09462-x. [PMID: 36814033 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the detection of changes in knee cartilage and meniscus of amateur marathon runners before and after long-distance running using a 3D ultrashort echo time MRI sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE-MT). METHODS We recruited 23 amateur marathon runners (46 knees) in this prospective cohort study. MRI scans using UTE-MT and UTE-T2* sequences were performed pre-race, 2 days post-race, and 4 weeks post-race. UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR) and UTE-T2* were measured for knee cartilage (eight subregions) and meniscus (four subregions). The sequence reproducibility and inter-rater reliability were also investigated. RESULTS Both the UTE-MTR and UTE-T2* measurements showed good reproducibility and inter-rater reliability. For most subregions of cartilage and meniscus, the UTE-MTR values decreased 2 days post-race and increased after 4 weeks of rest. Conversely, the UTE-T2* values increased 2 days post-race and decreased after 4 weeks. The UTE-MTR values in lateral tibial plateau, central medial femoral condyle, and medial tibial plateau showed a significant decrease at 2 days post-race compared to the other two time points (p < 0.05). By comparison, no significant UTE-T2* changes were found for any cartilage subregions. For meniscus, the UTE-MTR values in medial posterior horn and lateral posterior horn regions at 2 days post-race were significantly lower than those at pre-race and 4 weeks post-race (p < 0.05). By comparison, only the UTE-T2* values in medial posterior horn showed a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS UTE-MTR is a promising method for the detection of dynamic changes in knee cartilage and meniscus after long-distance running. KEY POINTS • Long-distance running causes changes in the knee cartilage and meniscus. • UTE-MT monitors dynamic changes of knee cartilage and meniscal non-invasively. • UTE-MT is superior to UTE-T2* in monitoring dynamic changes in knee cartilage and meniscus.
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Arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus improves meniscal status assessed by magnetic resonance imaging T2 mapping. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023:10.1007/s00402-023-04819-9. [PMID: 36811665 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is an anatomic knee variant associated with increased tears and degeneration. This study aimed to quantify meniscal status with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping before and after arthroscopic reshaping surgery for DLM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients undergoing arthroscopic reshaping surgery for symptomatic DLM with ≥ 2-year follow-up. MRI T2 mapping was performed preoperatively and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. T2 relaxation times of the anterior and posterior horns of both menisci and of the adjacent cartilage were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-six knees from 32 patients were included. The mean age at surgery was 13.7 years (range 7-24), and the mean follow-up duration was 31.0 months. Saucerization alone was performed on five knees and saucerization with repair on 31 knees. Preoperatively, the T2 relaxation time of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was significantly longer than that of the medial meniscus (P < 0.01). T2 relaxation time significantly decreased at 12 and 24 months postoperatively (P < 0.01). Assessments of the posterior horn were comparable. The T2 relaxation time was significantly longer in the tear versus non-tear side at each time point (P < 0.01). There were significant correlations between the T2 relaxation time of the meniscus and that of the corresponding area of the lateral femoral condyle cartilage (anterior horn: r = 0.504, P = 0.002; posterior horn: r = 0.365, P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS The T2 relaxation time of symptomatic DLM was significantly longer than that of the medial meniscus preoperatively, and it decreased 24 months after arthroscopic reshaping surgery. The meniscal T2 relaxation time of the tear side was significantly longer than that of the non-tear side. There were significant correlations between the cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation times at 24 months after surgery.
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Comparison of meniscal T1rho- and T2*-relaxation times in professional female volleyball players and healthy controls using 3T MRI: A pilot study. Eur J Radiol 2022; 155:110503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tsai PH, Wong CC, Chan WP. Radial T2* mapping reveals early meniscal abnormalities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:5642-5649. [PMID: 35258674 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to validate a 2D radial T2* mapping method and its ability to reveal subtle alterations in the menisci of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Of 40 enrolled participants, 20 were diagnosed with OA, and 20 were age- and sex-matched asymptomatic controls. Data from the right knee of each participant were collected using a 1.5-T MRI equipped with a single-channel knee coil. T2* values were acquired using a conventional T2* mapping protocol and a radial T2* mapping method. Mean T2* values in the meniscal white zones, meniscal red zones, and total menisci were calculated. Numerical simulation was performed for validation. RESULTS Both simulation and clinical data confirmed that 2D radial T2* mapping provided better discrimination than the conventional method. Compared to controls, the OA group showed significantly greater mean (standard deviation) T2* values in the white zones (9.33 [2.29] ms vs. 6.04 [1.05] ms), red zones (9.18 [2.03] ms vs. 6.81 [1.28] ms), and total menisci (9.26 [2.06] ms vs. 6.34 [1.14] ms). Correlations were found between the Lequesne index and the meniscal T2* values in all three regions (r = 0.528, p = 0.017; r = 0.635, p = 0.003; and r = 0.556, p = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that in early OA, radial T2* mapping is an alternative means of assessing meniscal degeneration and can be used to monitor its progression. KEY POINTS • Radial T2* mapping outperforms Cartesian T2* mapping. • Radial T2* measurements are useful in assessing meniscal degeneration. • Meniscal T2* values correlate well with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Huei Tsai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chean Wong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing P Chan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111, Xinglong Road, Section 3, Taipei, 116, Taiwan. .,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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T 2 MRI at 3T of cartilage and menisci in patients with hyperuricemia: initial findings. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:607-618. [PMID: 34287675 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and evaluate T2 values of compartmental femorotibial cartilage and subregional menisci in patients with hyperuricemia at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two subjects were included in this study and subdivided into two subgroups: 15 healthy controls (3 females, 12 males; mean age = 45.3 ± 10.9 years), 17 patients with hyperuricemia (2 females, 15 males; mean age = 44.4 ± 12.7 years). All subjects were assessed on a 3T MR scanner using an 8-channel phased-array knee coil (transmit-receive). Wilcoxon rank sum test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences in T2 values of compartmental femorotibial cartilage and subregional menisci between the two subgroups. RESULTS Lateral tibial cartilage (48.6 ± 3.5 ms) in healthy subgroup had significantly lower (p < 0.05) T2 values than all subcompartments of femorotibial cartilage in hyperuricemia subgroup. Medial tibial cartilage (56.5 ± 4.3 ms) in hyperuricemia subgroup had significantly higher (p < 0.05) T2 values than all subcompartments of femorotibial cartilage except medial tibial cartilage in healthy subgroup. Medial anterior horn of meniscus (39.4 ± 2.9 ms) in healthy subgroup had significantly lower (p < 0.05) T2 values than all subregional menisci except both medial anterior horn and medial body segment of meniscus in hyperuricemia subgroup. CONCLUSION T2 values in certain compartmental femorotibial cartilage and subregional menisci in patients with hyperuricemia are evidently and abnormally heightened compared with those in healthy subjects, to which special attention should be paid when diagnosing and treating the patients with hyperuricemia in the clinical setting. The LT cartilage had significantly lower T2 values (48.6 ± 3.5 ms) in healthy subgroup compared to all compartmental femorotibial cartilage in cohort with HU. MF cartilage had significantly lower T2 values (51.6 ± 2.9 ms) in healthy subgroup compared to both LF (54.4 ± 4.1 ms) and MT (56.5 ± 4.3 ms) in cohort with HU. MT cartilage had significantly higher T2 values (56.5 ± 4.3 ms) in cohort with HU subgroup compared to LF (52.5 ± 3.0 ms) in healthy subgroup. T2 mapping may be promising and potential sensitive discriminator of understanding and examining the early compositional and structural change in proteoglycan-collagen matrix of human femorotibial cartilage in patients with hyperuricemia.
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14
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Shen J, Zhao Q, Qi Y, Cofer G, Johnson GA, Wang N. Tractography of Porcine Meniscus Microstructure Using High-Resolution Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876784. [PMID: 35620393 PMCID: PMC9127075 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To noninvasively evaluate the three-dimensional collagen fiber architecture of porcine meniscus using diffusion MRI, meniscal specimens were scanned using a 3D diffusion-weighted spin-echo pulse sequence at 7.0 T. The collagen fiber alignment was revealed in each voxel and the complex 3D collagen network was visualized for the entire meniscus using tractography. The proposed automatic segmentation methods divided the whole meniscus to different zones (Red-Red, Red-White, and White-White) and different parts (anterior, body, and posterior). The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics were quantified based on the segmentation results. The heatmap was generated to investigate the connections among different regions of meniscus. Strong zonal-dependent diffusion properties were demonstrated by DTI metrics. The fractional anisotropy (FA) value increased from 0.13 (White-White zone) to 0.26 (Red-Red zone) and the radial diffusivity (RD) value changed from 1.0 × 10-3 mm2/s (White-White zone) to 0.7 × 10-3 mm2/s (Red-Red zone). Coexistence of both radial and circumferential collagen fibers in the meniscus was evident by diffusion tractography. Weak connections were found between White-White zone and Red-Red zone in each part of the meniscus. The anterior part and posterior part were less connected, while the body part showed high connections to both anterior part and posterior part. The tractography based on diffusion MRI may provide a complementary method to study the integrity of meniscus and nondestructively visualize the 3D collagen fiber architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Physical Education Institute, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gary Cofer
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G. Allan Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Nian Wang,
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15
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Choi HG, Kang YS, Kim JS, Lee HS, Lee YS. Meniscal and Cartilage Changes on Serial MRI After Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211047904. [PMID: 34881345 PMCID: PMC8647275 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211047904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessments of the effects of realignment using opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) on the medial, lateral, and patellofemoral compartments have been limited to cartilage evaluations. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to evaluate the effects of OWHTO on the meniscus and cartilage of each compartment as a cooperative unit (meniscochondral unit) using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was hypothesized that (1) favorable changes in the meniscochondral unit would occur in the medial compartment and (2) that changes in the patellofemoral and lateral compartments would be negligible. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Included were 36 knees that underwent OWHTO from March 2014 to February 2016 and had postoperative serial MRI. The MRI was performed at 19.9 ± 7.4 and 52.3 ± 8.3 months postoperatively, and the cartilage and meniscal changes were evaluated by highlighting the regions of interest. We evaluated the T2 relaxation times of each cartilage and meniscal area, the cross-sectional area of the menisci, and the extrusion of the medial meniscus (MM). The meniscochondral unit was assessed using subgroup analyses according to the status of the MM. Results: Significant decreases were seen in T2 relaxation times in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) (P < .001) and medial tibial plateau (MTP) (P = .050), and significant increases were seen in the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) (P = .036). The change was more prominent in the MFC compared with the MTP and LFC (P = .003). No significant changes were observed in the lateral tibial plateau, patella, or trochlear groove. The area of the lateral meniscus (body and posterior horn) was decreased compared with preoperative MRI (P < .001 for both). The extent of MM extrusion decreased between the preoperative, first follow-up, and second follow-up MRIs (P < .001). Conclusion: OWHTO affected the medial compartment positively, the lateral compartment negatively, and the patellofemoral compartment negligibly. The effects were more prominent and consistent in the medial than in the lateral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyeol Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nalgae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Suhn Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seuk Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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16
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Common Biochemical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Early Knee Osteoarthritis and of Exercise/Training in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081488. [PMID: 34441422 PMCID: PMC8391340 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease of the world population. Although considered a disease of old age, OA also affects young individuals and, more specifically among them, those practicing knee-joint-loading sports. Predicting OA at an early stage is crucial but remains a challenge. Biomarkers that can predict early OA development will help in the design of specific therapeutic strategies for individuals and, for athletes, to avoid adverse outcomes due to exercising/training regimens. This review summarizes and compares the current knowledge of fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers common to early knee OA and exercise/training in athletes. A variety of fluid biochemical markers have been proposed to detect knee OA at an early stage; however, few have shown similar behavior between the two studied groups. Moreover, in endurance athletes, they are often contingent on the sport involved. MRI has also demonstrated its ability for early detection of joint structural alterations in both groups. It is currently suggested that for optimal forecasting of early knee structural alterations, both fluid and MRI biomarkers should be analyzed as a panel and/or combined, rather than individually.
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17
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Macromolecular fraction (MMF) from 3D ultrashort echo time cones magnetization transfer (3D UTE-Cones-MT) imaging predicts meniscal degeneration and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1173-1180. [PMID: 33882334 PMCID: PMC8971054 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscal degeneration is strongly associated with osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to evaluate a 3D ultrashort-echo-time Cones magnetization transfer (UTE-Cones-MT) sequence for quantification of macromolecular fraction (MMF) and MT ratio (MTR) in menisci of healthy volunteers and patients with different degrees of OA. METHODS Patients with mild OA (n = 19; 37-86 years; 10 males) or advanced OA (n = 12; 52-88 years; 4 males) and healthy volunteers (n = 17; 20-49 years; 7 males) were scanned with T2-FSE and UTE-Cones-MT sequences at 3T. Morphological assessment was performed using meniscal whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). MMF and MTR were calculated for menisci, and correlated with age and meniscal WORMS scores. The diagnostic efficiency was performed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) analyses. RESULTS Decreased MMF and MTR were observed in menisci of patients with mild or advanced OA compared with healthy subjects, and in menisci with tears (Grade 2-4) compared with normal menisci (Grade 0). Significant negative correlations were observed between MMF (r = -0.769, P < 0.01), MTR (r = -0.320, P < 0.01), and meniscal WORMS score. There was a mild negative correlation between MMF (r = -0.438, P < 0.01), MTR (r = -0.289, P < 0.01), and age. The AUC values of MMF and MTR in the four horns of meniscus and the posterior horn medial meniscus for differentiating OA patients from healthy volunteers were 0.762 and 0.699, and 0.835 and 0.883, respectively. CONCLUSION The 3D UTE-Cones-MT biomarkers of MTR and especially MMF can detect compositional changes in meniscus and differentiate healthy subjects from patients with mild or advanced knee OA.
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18
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Fedje-Johnston W, Johnson CP, Tóth F, Carlson CS, Ellingson AM, Albersheim M, Lewis J, Bechtold J, Ellermann J, Rendahl A, Tompkins M. A pilot study to assess the healing of meniscal tears in young adult goats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14181. [PMID: 34244551 PMCID: PMC8270994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscal tears are a common orthopedic injury, yet their healing is difficult to assess post-operatively. This impedes clinical decisions as the healing status of the meniscus cannot be accurately determined non-invasively. Thus, the objectives of this study were to explore the utility of a goat model and to use quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, histology, and biomechanical testing to assess the healing status of surgically induced meniscal tears. Adiabatic T1ρ, T2, and T2* relaxation times were quantified for both operated and control menisci ex vivo. Histology was used to assign healing status, assess compositional elements, and associate healing status with compositional elements. Biomechanical testing determined the failure load of healing lesions. Adiabatic T1ρ, T2, and T2* were able to quantitatively identify different healing states. Histology showed evidence of diminished proteoglycans and increased vascularity in both healed and non-healed menisci with surgically induced tears. Biomechanical results revealed that increased healing (as assessed histologically and on MRI) was associated with greater failure load. Our findings indicate increased healing is associated with greater meniscal strength and decreased signal differences (relative to contralateral controls) on MRI. This indicates that quantitative MRI may be a viable method to assess meniscal tears post-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fedje-Johnston
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Casey P Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ferenc Tóth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Cathy S Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Arin M Ellingson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa Albersheim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jack Lewis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joan Bechtold
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jutta Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Marc Tompkins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Tria Orthopedic Center, Bloomington, MN, USA.
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19
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Lyu X, Gao Y, Liu Q, Zhao H, Zhou H, Pan S. Exercise-induced muscle damage: multi-parametric MRI quantitative assessment. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:239. [PMID: 33653313 PMCID: PMC7927395 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the value of magnetic resonance quantitative analysis using diffusion tensor imaging, T2 mapping, and intravoxel incoherent motion in the evaluation of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and to compare the effects of various eccentric exercise modes at different time points in rats. METHODS A total of 174 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, once-only exercise, continuous exercise, intermittent exercise, and once-fatigue exercise groups. Each experimental group was divided into seven time-subgroups: 0.5 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h and 168 h after exercise. The quadriceps femoris muscles were then scanned using magnetic resonance imaging. The apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy values of diffusion tensor imaging, T2 values of T2 mapping, D and D* values of intravoxel incoherent motion and optical density values of desmin were measured. Associations among different eccentric exercise programmes, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and histopathological results were evaluated. Dunnett's test, two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Diffusion tensor imaging showed that the number of muscle fibre bundles decreased to varying degrees with different time points and eccentric exercises. Apparent diffusion coefficient values of the exercise groups showed a trend that first increased and then decreased, the opposite of fractional anisotropy. The specimens in all eccentric exercise programmes showed high signal T2 values after exercise, the highest among which was in the once-fatigue exercise group. D and D* in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group at 0.5-48 h after exercise. The apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, T2, D and D* values correlated with the optical density values of desmin. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion tensor imaging, T2 mapping, and intravoxel incoherent motion technology accurately reflect the degree of skeletal muscle damage and recovery associated with eccentric exercise. The degree of muscle damage was the lowest in the continuous exercise group and the highest in the once-fatigue exercise group, which may provide more information and guidance for the formulation of physical and athletic training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shinong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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20
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Makarczyk MJ, Gao Q, He Y, Li Z, Gold MS, Hochberg MC, Bunnell BA, Tuan RS, Goodman SB, Lin H. Current Models for Development of Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:124-138. [PMID: 33403944 PMCID: PMC8098772 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and disabling disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Symptom-alleviating treatments exist, although none with long-term efficacy. Furthermore, there are currently no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) with demonstrated efficacy in OA patients, which is, in part, attributed to a lack of full understanding of the pathogenesis of OA. The inability to translate findings from basic research to clinical applications also highlights the deficiencies in the available OA models at simulating the clinically relevant pathologies and responses to treatments in humans. In this review, the current status in the development of DMOADs will be first presented, with special attention to those in Phase II-IV clinical trials. Next, current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo OA models are summarized and the respective advantages and disadvantages of each are highlighted. Of note, the development and application of microphysiological or tissue-on-a-chip systems for modeling OA in humans are presented and the issues that need to be addressed in the future are discussed. Microphysiological systems should be given serious consideration for their inclusion in the DMOAD development pipeline, both for their ability to predict drug safety and efficacy in human clinical trials at present, as well as for their potential to serve as a test platform for personalized medicine. Impact statement At present, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOADs) have been approved for widespread clinical use by regulatory bodies. The failure of developing effective DMOADs is likely owing to multiple factors, not the least of which are the intrinsic differences between the intact human knee joint and the preclinical models. This work summarizes the current OA models for the development of DMOADs, discusses the advantages/disadvantages of each, and then proposes future model development to aid in the discovery of effective and personalized DMOADs. The review also highlights the microphysiological systems, which are emerging as a new platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J. Makarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S. Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark C. Hochberg
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Bae WC, Tadros AS, Finkenstaedt T, Du J, Statum S, Chung CB. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of meniscal pathology ex vivo. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:2405-2414. [PMID: 33983499 PMCID: PMC8536602 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of conventional spin echo (SE) T2 and ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* relaxation times to characterize pathology in cadaveric meniscus samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 10 human donors, 54 triangular (radially cut) meniscus samples were harvested. Meniscal pathology was classified as normal (n = 17), intrasubstance degenerated (n = 33), or torn (n = 4) using a modified arthroscopic grading system. Using a 3-T MR system, SE T2 and UTE T2* values of the menisci were determined, followed by histopathology. Effect of meniscal pathology on relaxation times and histology scores were determined, along with correlation between relaxation times and histology scores. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation UTE T2* values for normal, degenerated, and torn menisci were 3.6 ± 1.3 ms, 7.4 ± 2.5 ms, and 9.8 ± 5.7 ms, respectively, being significantly higher in degenerated (p < 0.0001) and torn (p = 0.0002) menisci compared to that in normal. In contrast, the respective mean SE T2 values were 27.7 ± 9.5 ms, 25.9 ± 7.0 ms, and 35.7 ± 10.4 ms, without significant differences between groups (all p > 0.14). In terms of histology, we found significant group-wise differences (each p < 0.05) in fiber organization and inner-tip surface integrity sub-scores, as well as the total score. Finally, we found a significant weak correlation between UTE T2* and histology total score (p = 0.007, Rs2 = 0.19), unlike the correlation between SE T2 and histology (p = 0.09, Rs2 = 0.05). CONCLUSION UTE T2* values were found to distinguish normal from both degenerated and torn menisci and correlated significantly with histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won C. Bae
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, MC-114, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA ,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Anthony S. Tadros
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Tim Finkenstaedt
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, MC-114, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA ,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Christine B. Chung
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, MC-114, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA ,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
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22
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Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance T2-Mapping and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1,3 in Knee Osteoarthritis. Indian J Orthop 2020; 55:974-982. [PMID: 34188773 PMCID: PMC8192678 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between quantitative analysis of MRI (T2-mapping) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3) in osteoarthritis of the knee joint and the role of MMP-1,3 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS Thirty cases of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (lesion group) and 30 healthy adult volunteers (control group) were scanned with 1.5 T routine MR and T2-mapping, and their T2 values were measured and statistically analyzed. The pathological examination of the knee cartilage that was replaced during the operation and the immunohistochemical assay were used to measure the expression of MMP-1,3. The correlation between the T2 value of magnetic resonance imaging and the expression of MMP-1,3 was analyzed. RESULTS (1) According to the Recht grading standard for magnetic resonance, the T2 value of magnetic resonance increased significantly with the increase of cartilage degeneration. The differences in T2 values between each level and the normal group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) The T2 value of magnetic resonance imaging increased with the severity of the cartilage degeneration pathological Mankin grading, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) The expression of MMP-1,3 increased with cartilage degeneration. (4) The T2 value and the expression of MMP-1 in cartilage showed a linear trend. The result of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of MMP-1,3 increased as the cartilage T2 value increased. There was a positive linear correlation between the two. CONCLUSION The T2 value of magnetic resonance increased with the degeneration of KOA cartilage. The expression of MMP-1,3 increased with the severity of articular cartilage destruction. The T2 value of KOA magnetic resonance was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-1,3.
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Berton A, Longo UG, Candela V, Greco F, Martina FM, Quattrocchi CC, Denaro V. Quantitative Evaluation of Meniscal Healing Process of Degenerative Meniscus Lesions Treated with Hyaluronic Acid: A Clinical and MRI Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072280. [PMID: 32709084 PMCID: PMC7408658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate clinical efficacy and healing effects of conservative management of degenerative meniscus lesions (DMLs) with a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel. Methods: Patients were subjected to two HA injections two weeks apart. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Patient’s Global Assessment (PtGA) and Clinical Observer Global Assessment (CoGA) of the disease were assessed at baseline, 30, and 60 days after treatment. Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) was assessed at baseline and 60 days after treatment. One year after treatment, patients were called to know whether any of them had undergone arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging using a 1.5-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner (Siemens Aera), which included a T2 mapping pulse sequence with multiple echoes at baseline and 60 days after treatment. Results: 40 patients were enrolled. WOMAC score, physical function subscale, PtGA and CoGA, and SF-36 showed a statistically significant difference between baseline and follow-up. One year after treatment, only one patient had undergone APM. A decrease in the T2 measurement was detected in the posterior horn medial meniscus in 39% of cases in both the red and red–white zone, and in 60% of cases in the white zone; in the posterior horn lateral meniscus in 55% of cases in both the red and white zones, and in 65% of cases in the red–white zone. Only for the latter, there was a statistically significant difference between baseline and posttreatment T2 measurements. Conclusion: This study supports the use of HA in the conservative management of DML as it is clinically effective and enhances meniscus healing as demonstrated by T2 measurements. Moreover, it reduces the need for APM at 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Berton
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3479330509; Fax: +39-062-2541-1934
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Federico Greco
- Radiology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.M.M.); (C.C.Q.)
| | - Francesca Maria Martina
- Radiology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.M.M.); (C.C.Q.)
| | - Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi
- Radiology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (F.M.M.); (C.C.Q.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (V.C.); (V.D.)
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Einarsson E, Svensson J, Folkesson E, Kestilä I, Tjörnstrand J, Peterson P, Finnilä MAJ, Hughes HV, Turkiewicz A, Saarakkala S, Englund M. Relating MR relaxation times of ex vivo meniscus to tissue degeneration through comparison with histopathology. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2. [PMID: 33972933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), e.g. relaxation parameter mapping, may be sensitive to structural and compositional tissue changes, and could potentially be used to non-invasively detect and monitor early meniscus degeneration related to knee osteoarthritis. Objective To investigate MR relaxation times as potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration through comparisons with histopathology. Methods We measured MR relaxation parameters in the posterior horn of 40 menisci (medial and lateral) at a wide range of degenerative stages. T1, T2 and T2* were mapped using standard and ultrashort echo time sequences at 9.4 T and compared to gold standard histology using Pauli's histopathological scoring system, including assessment of surface integrity, collagen organization, cellularity and Safranin-O staining. Results All three relaxation times increased with total Pauli score (mean difference per score (95% CI) for T2*: 0.62 (0.37, 0.86), T2: 0.83 (0.53, 1.1) and T1: 24.7 (16.5, 32.8) ms/score). Clear associations were seen with scores of surface integrity (mean difference per score for T2*: 3.0 (1.8, 4.2), T2: 4.0 (2.5, 5.5) and T1: 116 (75.6, 156) ms/score) and collagen organization (mean difference between highest and lowest score for T2*: 5.3 (1.6, 8.9), T2: 6.1 (1.7, 11) and T1: 204 (75.9, 332) ms). The results were less clear for the remaining histopathological measures. Conclusions MR relaxation times T1, T2 and T2* of ex vivo human menisci are associated with histologically verified degenerative processes, in particular related to surface integrity and collagen organization. If confirmed in vivo, MR relaxation times may thus be potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Einarsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Svensson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Molecular Skeletal Biology and Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Iida Kestilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jon Tjörnstrand
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Peterson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Velocity Hughes
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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US detection of medial meniscus extrusion can predict the risk of developing radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a 5-year cohort study. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:3996-4004. [PMID: 32140818 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the relationship between the baseline value of medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and the radiographic change of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) through a 5-year follow-up. METHODS Overall, 472 participants and 944 knees were eligible. MME (mm) was measured at the baseline, and KOA was radiographically evaluated at both baseline and 5-year follow-up by Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG). Radiographic KOA (ROA) was defined as the knee showing KLG ≥ 2. Incident ROA (iROA) was defined if the baseline KLG of 0-1 increased to KLG ≥ 2 in 5 years. Progressive ROA (pROA) was defined if the baseline KLG of 2-3 worsened to a higher grade in 5 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and generalized estimating equations were used for analysis. RESULTS Of 574 non-ROA knees at the baseline, 43 knees (7.5%) developed iROA; of 370 ROA knees, 47 knees (12.7%) developed pROA. Based on the ROC curves, 4 mm was the optimal cutoff to detect the risk of iROA (area under curve [AUC] 0.639 [right knee]; AUC 0.641 [left knee]) and that of pROA (AUC 0.750 [right knee]; AUC 0.863 [left knee]). Multiple regression analysis showed that the 4-mm cutoff of MME was significantly associated with both the prevalence of iROA (regression coefficient [B] 1.909; p ≤ 0.001; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.746) and that of pROA (B 1.791; p ≤ 0.001; aOR 5.993). CONCLUSIONS On ultrasonography, the participants with more extruded medial meniscus showed a higher prevalence of both iROA and pROA. Ultrasonography could identify patients who had a risk of developing KOA. KEY POINTS • Through a 5-year follow-up, the current cohort study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the baseline value of medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and the radiographic change of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). • More extruded medial meniscus evaluated by ultrasonography was associated with the development of radiographic KOA. • Ultrasonography could identify the patients who had a risk of developing KOA, and the 4-mm cutoff of MME was optimal to detect this risk.
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Yamasaki S, Hashimoto Y, Nishida Y, Teraoka T, Terai S, Takigami J, Nakamura H. Assessment of Meniscal Healing Status by Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 Mapping After Meniscal Repair. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:853-860. [PMID: 32167835 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520904680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of primary meniscal tears are high, these values are lower for the assessment of healing status of repaired menisci. PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of MRI T2 mapping and conventional MRI in assessing meniscal healing after repair. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Patients who underwent meniscal repair with concurrent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between 2012 and 2016 and had a follow-up second-look arthroscopy were enrolled. The patients were divided into healed and incompletely/not healed groups based on the second-look arthroscopy findings. For the repaired menisci, the following were compared between the groups, (1) Stoller and Crues classification on conventional MRI with a proton density-weighted fat-saturated sequence and (2) the remaining colored meniscal tear line on T2 mapping coincident with the high signal line showing the primary tear on conventional MRI were compared. The change of T2 relaxation time (ΔT2) of the colored meniscal tear line pre- to postoperatively was compared between the groups. The mean T2 relaxation time of the whole area of the postoperative meniscus at each slice was also compared with that of control menisci to assess the whole quality of the repaired meniscus. RESULTS A total of 26 menisci from 24 knees were assessed (16 healed menisci, 10 incompletely/not healed menisci). According to the Crues classification on conventional MRI, 8 of 16 healed menisci and 3 of 10 incompletely/not healed menisci improved from grade 3 to 2, with there being no significant difference between the groups (P = .43). However, the colored meniscal tear line remained in only 3 of the 16 healed menisci as compared with 9 of the 10 incompletely/not healed menisci, and the presence of this colored line allowed differentiation between healed menisci and incompletely/not healed menisci (sensitivity, 81.3%; specificity, 90.0%; odds ratio, 39.0; P = .001). The mean (SD) ΔT2 was -31.1 ± 3.2 and -19.9 ± 4.4 ms in the healed and incompletely/not healed groups, respectively (P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a cutoff ΔT2 value of -22.3 ms for separation of meniscal healing (P < .001). The T2 relaxation times of the whole area of the repaired menisci were 31.7 ± 3.4 and 32.8 ± 3.8 ms in the healed and incompletely/unhealed groups, respectively (P = .69), with these values being significantly longer than the 26.9 ± 2.2 ms in the controls (P < .001). CONCLUSION MRI T2 mapping allowed the differentiation of healing status after meniscal repair, with high sensitivity and specificity as compared with conventional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Teraoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shozaburo Terai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junsei Takigami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
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