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Thrash GW, Hale AT, Feldman MJ, Saccomano BW, Barrett DJ, Malenkia PD, Das S, Tsemo GB, Blount JP, Rocque BG, Rozzelle CJ, Johnston JM, Jones JG. Pediatric non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistula's characteristics and outcomes: a systematic review. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1721-1729. [PMID: 38506930 PMCID: PMC11111522 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVFs) are rare vascular malformations that are characterized by a pial arterial-venous connection without an intervening capillary bed. Outcomes and treatment strategies for pAVFs are highly individualized, owing to the rarity of the disease and lack of large-scale data guiding optimal treatment approaches. METHODS We performed a systematic review of pediatric patients (< 18 years at diagnosis) diagnosed with a pAVF by digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). The demographics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were documented for each patient and clinical outcome data was collected. Descriptive information stratified by outcome scores were classified as follows: 1 = excellent (no deficit and full premorbid activity), 2 = good (mild deficit and full premorbid activity), 3 = fair (moderate deficit and impaired activity), 4 = poor (severe deficit and dependent on others), 5 = death. RESULTS A total of 87 studies involving 231 patients were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years (neonates to 18 years). There was slight male preponderance (55.4%), and 150 subjects (81.1%*) experienced excellent outcomes after treatment. Of the 189 patients treated using endovascular approaches, 80.3% experienced excellent outcomes and of the 15 patients surgically treated subjects 75% had an excellent outcome. The highest rate of excellent outcomes was achieved in patients treated with Onyx (95.2%) and other forms of EvOH (100%). High output heart failure and comorbid vascular lesions tended to result in worse outcomes, with only 54.2% and 68% of subjects experiencing an excellent outcome, respectively. *Outcomes were reported in only 185 patients. CONCLUSION pAVFs are rare lesions, necessitating aggregation of patient data to inform natural history and optimal treatment strategies. This review summarizes the current literature on pAVF in children, where children presenting with heart failure as a result of high flow through the lesion were less likely to experience an excellent outcome. Prospective, large-scale studies would further characterize pediatric pAVFs and enable quantitative analysis of outcomes to inform best treatment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W Thrash
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Michael J Feldman
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Benjamin W Saccomano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D Jonah Barrett
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pedram D Malenkia
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Somnath Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Georges Bouobda Tsemo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Blount
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon G Rocque
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Curtis J Rozzelle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jesse G Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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2
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Fry L, Brake A, Lei C, Stefano FAD, Bhargav AG, Peterson J, Ebersole K. Curative transvenous embolization for congenital multi-hole pial arteriovenous fistula. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2024; 26:85-96. [PMID: 37339755 PMCID: PMC10995468 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2023.e2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare cerebral vascular pathology characterized by a direct shunt between one or more pial feeding arteries and a cortical draining vein. Transarterial endovascular embolization (TAE) is widely considered first line therapy. Curative TAE may not be achievable in the multihole variant due to the potential to harbor innumerable small feeding arteries. Transvenous embolization (TVE) may be considered to target the final common outlet of the lesion. Here, we present a series of four patients with complex multi-hole congenital PAVF treated with staged TAE followed by TVE. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent treatment for congenital, multi-hole PAVFs treated by a combined TAE/TVE approach at our institution since 2013. RESULTS We identified four patients with multi-hole PAVF treated by a combined TAE/TVE. Median age was 5.2 (0-14.7) years. Median follow-up of 8 (1-15) months by catheter angiography and 38 (23-53) months by MRI/MRA was obtained. TVE achieved complete occlusion in three patients that proved durable on radiographic follow-up and demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes with a modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 0 or 1. Complete occlusion of the draining vein was not achieved by TVE in one case. This patient is graded as pediatric mRS=5 three years post-procedure. CONCLUSIONS With thorough technical considerations, our series indicates that TVE of multi-hole PAVF that are refractory to TAE is feasible and effective in arresting the consequences of chronic, high-flow AV shunting produced by this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane Fry
- The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Aaron Brake
- The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Catherine Lei
- The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Frank A. De Stefano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Adip G. Bhargav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeremy Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Koji Ebersole
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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3
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Kaplan JS, Dardanelli EP, Requejo F, Mackintosh C, Lipsich JE. Use of greyscale and Doppler ultrasound in initial evaluation and follow-up of neurovascular malformations in children. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:347-356. [PMID: 38191809 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunts are rare vascular malformations that can be diagnosed prenatally or postnatally, as an incidental finding or due to complications. We propose a review of cerebral vascular malformations in newborns and infants with special emphasis on neurosonography and Doppler ultrasound as the first diagnostic method. Sonography can thus contribute in the planning of further studies that are always necessary, and in post-therapy follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio S Kaplan
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881 (C 1425 AAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Esteban P Dardanelli
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881 (C 1425 AAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavio Requejo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881 (C 1425 AAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Mackintosh
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881 (C 1425 AAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José E Lipsich
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881 (C 1425 AAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Requejo F, Teplisky D, González Dutra ML, Lipsch J, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M. Intracranial arteriovenous shunts in infants: A decade of experience from a quaternary pediatric center. Interv Neuroradiol 2023:15910199231180002. [PMID: 37331964 DOI: 10.1177/15910199231180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial arteriovenous shunts (IAVS) are rare vascular diseases in infants. They can be categorized into vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM), pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF), and dural arteriovenous fistula associated with dural sinus malformation (DAVF/DSM). We sought to review the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, endovascular treatment (EVT), and outcomes of IAVS in infants presenting to a quaternary pediatric referral center over one decade. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed of all infants diagnosed with IAVS between January 2011 and January 2021 in a quaternary pediatric referral center. For each patient, demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings, management strategies, and outcomes were reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Over the study period, 38 consecutive infants were diagnosed with IAVS. Patients with VGAM (23/38, 60.5%) presented with congenital heart failure (CHF) (14/23), hydrocephalus (4/23), and seizures (2/23), and three patients were asymptomatic. Eighteen patients with VGAM underwent EVT. Among those, 13 patients (72.2%) were successfully treated with an angiographic cure and three patients (3/18, 17%) died. Patients with PAVF (9/38, 23.7%) presented with CHF (5/9), intracranial hemorrhage (2/9), and seizures (2/9), and all of them were successfully treated endovascularly. Patients with Type I DAVF/DSM (4/6, 66.6%) presented with mass effect (2/4), cerebral venous hypertension (1/4), CHF (1/4), and cerebrofacial venous metameric syndrome (1/4). Patients with type II DAVF/DSM (2/6, 33.3%) presented with a thrill behind the ear. Patients with DAVF/DSM were treated endovascularly, five patients were cured, and one with type I DAVF/DSM died. CONCLUSION Intracranial arteriovenous shunts are rare but potentially life-threatening neurovascular pathologies in infants. Endovascular treatment is challenging but feasible in carefully selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Requejo
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Teplisky
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Vascular Anomalies Interdisciplinary Group, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura González Dutra
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Lipsch
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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5
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Requejo F, Teplisky D, Dutra MLG, Mouratian DM, Kikano R, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M. Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:408-418. [PMID: 37536373 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric neurovascular disorders can lead to substantial mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed early and adequately managed. Children with neurovascular diseases cannot be treated as small adults as the vascular and central nervous system anatomy, physiology, and pathologies in children differ greatly from those of adults. In addition, some neurovascular pathologies are seen exclusively in children such as aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen, pial fistulas, and dural fistulas in the context of dural sinus disease. In this review, we aim to present an overview of the common pediatric neurovascular diseases along with their endovascular management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Requejo
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Teplisky
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Vascular Anomalies Interdisciplinary Group, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura González Dutra
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Raghid Kikano
- Department of Radiology, Lebanese American University-Gilbert and Rose Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Radiology, CISS de l'Abitibi-Temiscamingues, Québec, Canada
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kidani N, Inoue Y, Nishigaki S, Fujita J, Sotome Y, Tomita Y, Muraoka K, Hirotsune N, Nishino S. Adult Infratentorial Pial Arteriovenous Fistula Treated with Detachable Coils: A Case Report and a Review of Literature. NMC Case Rep J 2023; 10:145-150. [PMID: 37293195 PMCID: PMC10247219 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate therapeutic option for pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) can vary according to the angioarchtecture of the lesion. We present a case of adult infratentorial PAVF treated by transarterial coil embolization. A 26-year-old man was referred to our institution for an asymptomatic intracranial vascular lesion. Cerebral angiograms revealed PAVF fed by three arteries in the right cerebellomedullary cistern. The feeding arteries were accurately identified by three-dimensional rotational angiography and were successfully embolized using coils while normal arterial flow was preserved. This case report suggests that stepwise transarterial coil embolization can cure PAVF under detailed evaluation of its angioarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kidani
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishigaki
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Juntaro Fujita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Sotome
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Muraoka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirotsune
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nishino
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Treatment, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Jin H, Meng X, Quan J, Lu Y, Li Y. Role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of intracranial non-Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 6:260-266. [PMID: 33298535 PMCID: PMC8258090 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment for non-Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula (NGPAVF) is inadequately known. The aim of this study is to explore the role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of NGPAVF. Materials and methods Patients with NGPAVF underwent endovascular treatment from January 2011 to November 2019 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, clinical information, treatment details and clinical outcomes were collected. Factors associated with clinical outcomes were statistically analysed. Results Twenty patients were included, with a total of 22 (2 patients have 2 fistulas) lesions. A total of 25 procedures were performed and 5 patients underwent 2 procedures. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 84 months (mean=34.5 months). Thirteen (59.1%) lesions in 12 (60.0%) patients acquired immediate occlusion after initial treatment (immediately occluded group) and follow-up confirmed the complete obliteration. A total of 17 (77.3%) lesions in 15 (75.0%) patients were cured at last follow-up. The maximal diameter of feeding arteries (p=0.04) and the maximal diameter of the varix (p=0.01) in immediately occluded group was smaller than non-immediately occluded group. The number of feeding artery (p=0.004) and the maximal diameter of the varix (p<0.001) were much smaller in curative group than non-curative group. Seven patients suffered procedure-related complications. No patients had an increased Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and all patients had favourable clinical outcome (mRS ≥2) at last follow-up. Conclusions Endovascular therapy plays an important role in curative treatment of NGPAVF. Patients with less feeding arteries and small varix may be easier to be cured by endovascular embolisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Jin
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Interventional Neuroradiology department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Quan
- Pediatric department, Dongming People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Interventional Neuroradiology department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Youxiang Li
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
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See AP, Kochis MA, Orbach DB. Segmental upper mid-basilar artery sacrifice in a child using a Micro Vascular Plug device for treatment of a basilar arteriovenous fistula compressing the brainstem. J Neurointerv Surg 2017; 9:e37. [PMID: 28302864 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-012982.rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred P See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Kochis
- Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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See AP, Kochis MA, Orbach DB. Segmental upper mid-basilar artery sacrifice in a child using a Micro Vascular Plug device for treatment of a basilar arteriovenous fistula compressing the brainstem. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-012982. [PMID: 28280085 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-012982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred P See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Kochis
- Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Morales-Gómez JA, Garza-Oyervides VV, Arenas-Ruiz JA, Mercado-Flores M, Elizondo-Riojas CG, Boop FA, de León ÁMP. Hydrocephalus in a patient with an unruptured pial arteriovenous fistula: hydrodynamic considerations, endovascular treatment, and clinical course. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:307-311. [PMID: 28059677 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.peds16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas, also known as nongalenic fistulas, are rare vascular malformations affecting predominantly the pediatric population. Hydrocephalus is an unusual presentation in which the exact pathophysiology is not fully understood. The aim of treatment in these cases is occlusion of the fistula prior to considering ventricular shunting. Here, the authors describe the hydrodynamic considerations of the paravascular pathway and the resolution of hydrocephalus with endovascular treatment of the fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariana Mercado-Flores
- Centro Universitario de Imagen Diagnóstica, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, México; and
| | - C Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas
- Centro Universitario de Imagen Diagnóstica, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, México; and
| | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Yu J, Shi L, Lv X, Wu Z, Yang H. Intracranial non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistula: A review of the literature. Interv Neuroradiol 2016; 22:557-68. [PMID: 27388601 PMCID: PMC5072213 DOI: 10.1177/1591019916653934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An intracranial non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistula (NGPAVF) is a direct connection between the intracranial artery and vein without a nidus. NGPAVFs are clinically rare, and the current understanding of NGPAVFs is limited. This study searched PubMed for the currently available literature, and a review of the relevant publications revealed that NGPAVFs require aggressive treatment, spontaneous occlusion is uncommon, and the prognosis following conservative treatment is poor. NGPAVFs can be divided into congenital and traumatic (including iatrogenic) types. Clinically, NGPAVFs are characterized by congestive heart failure, epilepsy, hemorrhage, mass effects, and nerve function deficits. For the imaging examination of NGPAVFs, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is still the gold standard for diagnosis, although magnetic resonance DSA (MRDSA) and 4D computed tomography angiography (CTA) can also provide hemodynamic data in a non-invasive manner. Current treatments for NGPAVFs include surgical resection and endovascular embolization, both of which can yield clinical improvements. However, potential postoperative complications should be addressed, such as fatal bleeding due to rupture and deep vein thrombosis. Some studies recommend postoperative anticoagulation to reduce postoperative thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianli Lv
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxue Wu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfa Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Kwon PM, Evans RW, Grosberg BM. Cerebral Vascular Malformations and Headache. Headache 2015; 55:1133-42. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Kwon
- Department of Neurology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
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