1
|
Shi Y, Kan J, Wang W, Cao Y, Wu Y, Chen X, Zheng W, Yang F, Du J, He W, Zhu S. Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution: results of a large, community-based population study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1778-1788. [PMID: 39041418 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution. METHODS We studied 2255 Chinese adults in the Lanxi Cohort living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool samples from 1724 participants. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used in all analyses. A validation study was performed using 1274 participants in the Lanxi Cohort living in rural areas. RESULTS Nut consumption was beneficially associated with regional fat accumulation. Gut microbial analysis suggested that a high intake of nuts was associated with greater microbial α diversity. Six genera were found to be associated with nut consumption, and the abundance of genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerotaenia, and Fusobacterium was significantly associated with fat distribution. Favorable relationships between α diversity and fat distribution were also observed. Similar relationships between gut microbiota and fat distribution were obtained in the validation analysis. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that nut consumption is beneficially associated with body fat distribution and gut microbiota diversity and taxonomy. Furthermore, the microbial features related to high nut intake are associated with a favorable pattern of fat distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Shi
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Cao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimian Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohseni M, Mohammadifard N, Hassannejad R, Aghabozorgi M, Shirani F, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Sarrafzadegan N. Longitudinal association of dietary habits and the risk of cardiovascular disease among Iranian population between 2001 and 2013: the Isfahan Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5364. [PMID: 37005461 PMCID: PMC10067824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a steady rise in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Iranian population. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between Global Dietary Index (GDI) and CVD risk among the Iranian adult population. This study was conducted based on Isfahan Cohort Study, a longitudinal study that collected data between 2001 and 2013 on 6405 adults. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate GDI. All participants were followed every two years by phone call to ask about death, any hospitalization, or cardiovascular events to examine CVD events. The Average age of participants was 50.70 ± 11.63 and the median of GDI score was 1 (IQR: 0.29). A total of 751 CVD events (1.4 incidence rate, per 100 person-year) occurred during 52,704 person-years of follow-up. One-unit GDI increase was associated with a higher risk of MI by 72% (HR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.04-2.84), stroke by 76% (HR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.09-2.85) and CVD by 30% (HR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.02-2.65). In addition, a one-unit GDI increase was associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease more than 2 times (HR: 2.32; 95% CI 1.50-3.60) and CVD mortality and all-cause mortality over than 3 times [(HR: 3.65; 95% CI 1.90-7.01) and (HR: 3.10; 95% CI 1.90-5.06), respectively]. Higher GDI had a significant relationship with the increased risk of CVD events and all-cause mortality. Further epidemiological studies in other populations are suggested to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohseni
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Aghabozorgi
- Senior Endocrine Dietitian and Credentialed Diabetes Educator, Departments of Dietetics, and Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group, Perth, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Shirani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Micro- and Macro-Nutrient Intakes and Trajectories of Macro-Nutrient Supply in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051515. [PMID: 33946351 PMCID: PMC8145171 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterized by the emergence of overnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. No previous study has comparatively examined nutrient intake in adults across countries in the EMR. This review examined the adequacy of nutrients in adults living in the EMR. Moreover, it analyzed the food balance sheets (FBS) for 1961–2018 to identify the trajectory of energy supply from macro-nutrients in the EMR. A systematic search was conducted from January 2012 to September 2020. Only observational studies were retained with a random sampling design. An assessment of the methodological quality was conducted. Levels of nutrient daily intake and their adequacy compared to the daily reference intake of the Institute of Medicine were reported across the region. No studies were identified for half of the region’s countries. Although nutrient energy intake was satisfactory overall, fat and carbohydrate intake were high. Intake of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, zinc, and magnesium were below that recommended. The analysis of the FBS data allowed for the identification of four linear patterns of trajectories, with countries in the EMR best fitting the ‘high-energy-supply from carbohydrate’ group. This systematic review warrants multi-sectorial commitment to optimize nutrient intake.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammadifard N, Ghaderian N, Hassannejad R, Sajjadi F, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Salas-Salvadó J, Sarrafzadegan N. Longitudinal Association of Nut Consumption and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Front Nutr 2021; 7:610467. [PMID: 33553230 PMCID: PMC7859480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.610467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: There are few pieces of evidence on the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This study investigated the relationship of nut consumption with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in the Iranian population. Methods and Results: This population-based prospective cohort study was carried out in 6,504 randomly selected participants aged ≥35 years in central Iran (2001-2013) in the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study. Dietary data were collected by a validated 48-item food frequency questionnaire. Subjects or their next of kin were interviewed biannually, looking for the possible occurrence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. During the median follow-up of 135 months and 52,704.3 person-years, we found a total of 751 CVD events. In unadjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of nut intake had a lower CVD risk {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.57(0.47-0.70); P for trend < 0.001}, CVD mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.54 (0.33-0.72); P for trend < 0.001], and all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.24 (0.14-0.42); P for trend < 0.001]. In the fully adjusted model, the association was diluted, and no significant relationship was found between nut intake and CVD events and all-cause mortality, except for CVD mortality in the highest quartile vs. the lowest one [HR (95% CI): 0.55 (0.30-0.98)]. Conclusion: Nut intake had an inverse association with the risk of CVD mortality. It is suggested to perform studies to examine the association of individual types of nuts and different preparation methods on CVD risk and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Ghaderian
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejad
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajjadi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen BB, Han Y, Pan X, Yan J, Liu W, Li Y, Lin X, Xu S, Peng XE. Association between nut intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a retrospective case-control study in a sample of Chinese Han adults. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028961. [PMID: 31488477 PMCID: PMC6731785 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nut consumption has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. However, its effect on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between nut consumption and NAFLD risk. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective case-control study including 534 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and 534 controls matched by sex and age (±5 years) from the Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University in China. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Information on dietary intake was collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and nut consumption was calculated. Nut consumption was categorised using quartiles based on the distribution of daily nut intake of the controls. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and the 95% CIs for the association between nut consumption and NAFLD risk. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding variables, nut consumption was not associated with NAFLD risk in the overall sample. When the fully adjusted model was stratified by sex, a significant inverse association was found between high nut consumption and NAFLD only among the men in the highest quartile (OR=0.43; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.71; Ptrend = 0.01). The inverse association of nut consumption with NAFLD risk in men remained significant after controlling for other known or suspected risk factors for NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Diets with a higher intake of nuts may be associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD, particularly in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Han
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, VIP ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinting Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shanghua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xian-E Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammadifard N, Haghighatdoost F, Mansourian M, Hassannejhad R, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Alikhasi H, Sarrafzadegan N. Long-term association of nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:972-982. [PMID: 31248717 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long-term associations between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors are not well known. We investigated the relationship between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity in a cohort of Iranian adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was conducted within the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study on 1387 healthy participants. The participants were followed up for 12 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire was completed, and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting serum lipids and blood sugar were evaluated in three phases. Mixed-effects binary logistic regression was applied to examine the associations between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. The participants were classified according to the tertiles of nut consumption as cut-points, and associations were evaluated between the thirds of nut intake. Subjects in the last third were less likely to have hypercholesterolemia [OR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.60-0.97)], hypertriglyceridemia [OR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.58-0.93)], and obesity [OR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.50-0.98)] but more likely to have DM [OR (95% CI): 1.85 (1.27-2.68)] than those in the first third. However, after adjustment for various potential confounders, the associations remained significant only for obesity [OR (95% CI): 0.67 (0.48-0.94)] and DM [OR (95% CI): 2.23 (1.37-3.64)]. CONCLUSION After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed an inverse association for nut consumption and obesity but positive association for DM and nut intake. On the basis of our findings, it is suggested that incorporation of nuts into people's usual diet may have beneficial effects for individuals with lower risk such as subjects without DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejhad
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajjadi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Maghroun
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Long-term nuts intake and metabolic syndrome: A 13-year longitudinal population-based study. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1246-1252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
8
|
Lee J, Shin A, Oh JH, Kim J. The relationship between nut intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a case control study. Nutr J 2018; 17:37. [PMID: 29514652 PMCID: PMC5840774 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut consumption is known to reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. However, in previous studies, portion sizes and categories of nut consumption have varied, and few studies have assessed the association between colorectal cancer risk and nut consumption. In this study, we investigated the relationship between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study was conducted among 923 colorectal cancer patients and 1846 controls recruited from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Information on dietary intake was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 106 items, including peanuts, pine nuts, and almonds (as 1 food item). Nut consumption was categorized as none, < 1 serving per week, 1-3 servings per week, and ≥3 servings per week. A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk, and a polytomous logistic regression model was used for sub-site analyses. RESULTS High nut consumption was strongly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer among women (adjusted ORs: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.15-0.60 for the ≥3 servings per week group vs. none). A similar inverse association was observed for men (adjusted ORs: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.47). In sub-site analyses, adjusted ORs (95% CIs) comparing the ≥3 servings per week group vs none were 0.25 (0.09-0.70) for proximal colon cancer, 0.39 (0.19-0.80) for distal colon cancer, and 0.23 (0.12-0.46) for rectal cancer among men. An inverse association was also found among women for distal colon cancer (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.48) and rectal cancer (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.95). CONCLUSIONS We found a statistically significant association between high frequency of nut consumption and reduced risk of colorectal cancer. This association was observed for all sub-sites of the colon and rectum among both men and women, with the exception of proximal colon cancer for women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoo Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408 Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408 Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| |
Collapse
|