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Gao R, Lv C, Qu Y, Yang H, Hao C, Sun X, Hu X, Yang Y, Tang Y. Remote Ischemic Conditioning Mediates Cardio-protection After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing 4-HNE Levels and Regulating Autophagy via the ALDH2/SIRT3/HIF1α Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:169-182. [PMID: 36745288 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) can be effectively applied for cardio-protection. Here, to clarify whether RIC exerts myocardial protection via aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), we established a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in C57BL/6 and ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2-KO) mice and treated them with RIC. Echocardiography and single-cell contraction experiments showed that RIC significantly improved myocardial function and alleviated I/R injury in C57BL/6 mice but did not exhibit its cardioprotective effects in ALDH2-KO mice. TUNEL, Evan's blue/triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays showed that RIC's effect on reducing myocardial cell apoptosis, myocardial infarction area, and ROS levels was insignificant in ALDH2-KO mice. Our results showed that RIC could increase ALDH2 protein levels, activate sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α), inhibit autophagy, and exert myocardial protection. This study revealed that RIC could exert myocardial protection via the ALDH2/SIRT3/HIF1α signaling pathway by reducing 4-HNE secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yanan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Hen Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuangze Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China.
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Tozihi M, Shademan B, Yousefi H, Avci CB, Nourazarian A, Dehghan G. Melatonin: a promising neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1227513. [PMID: 37600520 PMCID: PMC10436333 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1227513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to the oxidation of cellular proteins, DNA, and lipids as an initial event. The reperfusion process impairs critical cascades that support cell survival, including mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme activity. Failure to activate prosurvival signals may result in increased neuronal cell death and exacerbation of CIR damage. Melatonin, a hormone produced naturally in the body, has high concentrations in both the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain. However, melatonin production declines significantly with age, which may contribute to the development of age-related neurological disorders due to reduced levels. By activating various signaling pathways, melatonin can affect multiple aspects of human health due to its diverse range of activities. Therefore, understanding the underlying intracellular and molecular mechanisms is crucial before investigating the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Tozihi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Kleinbongard P, Lieder HR, Skyschally A, Heusch G. No robust reduction of infarct size and no-reflow by metoprolol pretreatment in adult Göttingen minipigs. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:23. [PMID: 37289247 PMCID: PMC10250284 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whereas prior experiments in juvenile pigs had reported infarct size reduction by intravenous metoprolol early during myocardial ischaemia, two major clinical trials in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction were equivocal. We, therefore, went back and tested the translational robustness of infarct size reduction by metoprolol in minipigs. Using a power analysis-based prospective design, we pretreated 20 anaesthetised adult Göttingen minipigs with 1 mg kg-1 metoprolol or placebo and subjected them to 60-min coronary occlusion and 180-min reperfusion. Primary endpoint was infarct size (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) as a fraction of area at risk; no-reflow area (thioflavin-S staining) was a secondary endpoint. There was no significant reduction in infarct size (46 ± 8% of area at risk with metoprolol vs. 42 ± 8% with placebo) or area of no-reflow (19 ± 21% of infarct size with metoprolol vs. 15 ± 23% with placebo). However, the inverse relationship between infarct size and ischaemic regional myocardial blood flow was modestly, but significantly shifted downwards with metoprolol, whereas ischaemic blood flow tended to be reduced by metoprolol. With an additional dose of 1 mg kg-1 metoprolol after 30-min ischaemia in 4 additional pigs, infarct size was also not reduced (54 ± 9% vs. 46 ± 8% in 3 contemporary placebo, n.s.), and area of no-reflow tended to be increased (59 ± 20% vs. 29 ± 12%, n.s.).Infarct size reduction by metoprolol in pigs is not robust, and this result reflects the equivocal clinical trials. The lack of infarct size reduction may be the result of opposite effects of reduced infarct size at any given blood flow and reduced blood flow, possibly through unopposed alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Lieder HR, Adam V, Skyschally A, Sturek M, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G. Attenuation of ST-segment elevation by ischemic preconditioning: Reflection of cardioprotection in Göttingen but not in Ossabaw minipigs. Int J Cardiol 2023:S0167-5273(23)00719-2. [PMID: 37207797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC; brief cycles of coronary occlusion/ reperfusion) reduces myocardial infarct size. The ST-segment elevation during coronary occlusion is progressively attenuated with increasing number of IPC cycles. Progressive attenuation of ST-segment elevation is considered a result of sarcolemmal KATP channel activation and has been considered to reflect and predict IPC's cardioprotection. We have recently demonstrated that IPC failed to reduce infarct size in minipigs of a particular strain (Ossabaw), which had a genetic predisposition to develop, but not yet established a metabolic syndrome. To determine whether or not Ossabaw minipigs nevertheless had attenuated ST-segment elevation over repetitive IPC cycles, we compared Göttingen vs. Ossabaw minipigs in which IPC reduces infarct size. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed surface chest electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings of anesthetized open-chest contemporary Göttingen (n = 43) and Ossabaw minipigs (n = 53). Both minipig strains were subjected to 60 min coronary occlusion and 180 min reperfusion without or with IPC (3 × 5 min/ 10 min coronary occlusion/ reperfusion). ST-segment elevations during the repetitive coronary occlusions were analyzed. In both minipig strains, IPC attenuated ST-segment elevation with increasing number of coronary occlusions. IPC reduced infarct size in Göttingen minipigs (45 ± 10% without vs. 25 ± 13% of area at risk with IPC), whereas such cardioprotection was absent in Ossabaw minipigs (54 ± 11% vs. 50 ± 11%). CONCLUSION Apparently, the block of signal transduction of IPC in Ossabaw minipigs occurs distal to the sarcolemma, where KATP channel activation still attenuates ST-segment elevation as it does in Göttingen minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Virginie Adam
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Sturek
- CorVus Biomedical, LLC and CorVus Foundation, Inc, Crawfordsville, IN, USA
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Bao Y, Zhang R, Jiang X, Liu F, He Y, Hu H, Hou X, Hao L, Pei X. Detoxification mechanisms of ginseng to aconite: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116009. [PMID: 36516908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconite (Fuzi, FZ), the processed root tuber of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is utilized as a classic medicine to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system and immune system. Resulting from the narrow margin of safety between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose, FZ often causes cardiotoxicity including hypotension, palpitation, and bradycardia. Contributing to the detoxification effects of the other famous herbal medicine ginseng (Renshen, RS), which is the dried root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, people broadly combine FZ and RS as compatibility more than 1800 years to attenuate the toxicity of FZ. However, the systematic detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ have not been fully revealed. AIM OF THE REVIEW Aiming to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the attenuation processes of FZ via RS, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about regulatory mechanisms of RS to FZ to shed the light on the essence of detoxification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, CNKI and WanFang Data. Relevant studies on detoxification mechanisms were included while irrelevant and duplicate studies were excluded. According to the study design, subject, intervention regime, outcome, first author and year of publication of included data, detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ were summarized and visualized. RESULTS A total of 144 studies were identified through databases from their inception up to Oct. 2022. Included information indicated that diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) were the main toxic substances of FZ. The main mechanisms that RS attenuates the toxicity of FZ were transforming toxic compounds of FZ, affecting the absorption and metabolism of FZ as well as the FZ-induced cell toxicity alleviation. CONCLUSION FZ, as a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has good prospects for utilization. The narrow margin of safety between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose of FZ limits its clinical effect and safety while RS is always combined with FZ to alleviate its toxicity. However, mechanisms responsible for the detoxification process have not been well identified. Therefore, detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ are reviewed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of FZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Bao
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Yao He
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xinlian Hou
- Huarun Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Ya'an, 625000, PR China
| | - Li Hao
- Huarun Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Ya'an, 625000, PR China
| | - Xu Pei
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
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6
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Díaz-Munoz R, Valle-Caballero MJ, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Pizarro G, García-Rubira JC, Escalera N, Fuster V, Fernández-Jiménez R, Ibanez B. Intravenous metoprolol during ongoing STEMI ameliorates markers of ischemic injury: a METOCARD-CNIC trial electrocardiographic study. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:45. [PMID: 34279726 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides its protective effect against neutrophil-mediated injury at reperfusion, intravenous (IV) metoprolol was recently shown to reduce the progression of ischemic injury in a pig model of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that IV metoprolol administration in humans with ongoing STEMI blunts the time‑dependent progression of ischemic injury assessed by serial electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluations before reperfusion. The METOCARD-CNIC trial randomized 270 anterior STEMI patients to IV metoprolol or control before reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 139 patients (69 IV metoprolol, 70 controls), two ECGs were available (ECG-1 before randomization, ECG-2 pre-PCI). Between-group ECG differences were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression models. No significant between-group differences were observed on ECG-1. On ECG-2, patients who received IV metoprolol had a narrower QRS than those in the control group (84 ms vs. 90 ms, p = 0.029), a lower prevalence of QRS distortion (10% vs. 26%, p = 0.017), and a lower sum of anterior and total ST-segment elevation (10.1 mm vs. 13.6 mm, p = 0.014 and 10.4 mm vs. 14.0 mm, p = 0.015, respectively). Adjusted analysis revealed similar results. Significant associations were observed between ECG-2 variables and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements (extent of myocardial edema, infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and left-ventricular ejection fraction) after STEMI. In summary, IV metoprolol administration before reperfusion ameliorates ECG markers of myocardial ischemia in anterior STEMI patients. These data confirm that IV metoprolol is able to reduce ischemic injury and highlight the ability of ECG analysis to provide relevant real-time information on the effect of cardioprotective therapies before reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Díaz-Munoz
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Pizarro
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Ruber Juan Bravo Quironsalud Hospital UEM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noemi Escalera
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Liu D, Liu Y, Zheng X, Liu N. c-MYC-induced long noncoding RNA MEG3 aggravates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury through activating mitophagy by upregulation of RTKN to trigger the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:191. [PMID: 33602903 PMCID: PMC7892540 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease. The activation of mitophagy was previously identified to play an important role in IRI. Maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) can promote cerebral IRI and hepatic IRI. The present study was designed to study the role of MEG3 in renal IRI. Renal IRI mice models were established, and HK-2 cells were used to construct the in vitro models of IRI. Hematoxylin-eosin staining assay was applied to reveal IRI-triggered tubular injury. MitoTracker Green FM staining and an ALP kit were employed for detection of mitophagy. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay was used to reveal cell apoptosis. The results showed that renal cortex of IRI mice contained higher expression of MEG3 than that of sham mice. MEG3 expression was also elevated in HK-2 cells following IRI, suggesting that MEG3 might participate in the development of IRI. Moreover, downregulation of MEG3 inhibited the apoptosis of HK-2 cells after IRI. Mitophagy was activated by IRI, and the inhibition of MEG3 can restore mitophagy activity in IRI-treated HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, we found that MEG3 can bind with miR-145-5p in IRI-treated cells. In addition, rhotekin (RTKN) was verified to serve as a target of miR-145-5p. MEG3 upregulated RTKN expression by binding with miR-145-5p. Further, MEG3 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulation of RTKN. The downstream effector of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, c-MYC, served as the transcription factor to activate MEG3. In conclusion, the positive feedback loop of MEG3/miR-145-5p/RTKN/Wnt/β-catenin/c-MYC promotes renal IRI by activating mitophagy and inducing apoptosis, which might offer a new insight into the therapeutic methods for renal IRI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Naiquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110022, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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9
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Basalay MV, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Targeting myocardial ischaemic injury in the absence of reperfusion. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:63. [PMID: 33057804 PMCID: PMC7560937 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sudden myocardial ischaemia causes an acute coronary syndrome. In the case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), this is usually caused by the acute rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and obstruction of a coronary artery. Timely restoration of blood flow can reduce infarct size, but ischaemic regions of myocardium remain in up to two-thirds of patients due to microvascular obstruction (MVO). Experimentally, cardioprotective strategies can limit infarct size, but these are primarily intended to target reperfusion injury. Here, we address the question of whether it is possible to specifically prevent ischaemic injury, for example in models of chronic coronary artery occlusion. Two main types of intervention are identified: those that preserve ATP levels by reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, (e.g. hypothermia; cardiac unloading; a reduction in heart rate or contractility; or ischaemic preconditioning), and those that increase myocardial oxygen/blood supply (e.g. collateral vessel dilation). An important consideration in these studies is the method used to assess infarct size, which is not straightforward in the absence of reperfusion. After several hours, most of the ischaemic area is likely to become infarcted, unless it is supplied by pre-formed collateral vessels. Therefore, therapies that stimulate the formation of new collaterals can potentially limit injury during subsequent exposure to ischaemia. After a prolonged period of ischaemia, the heart undergoes a remodelling process. Interventions, such as those targeting inflammation, may prevent adverse remodelling. Finally, harnessing of the endogenous process of myocardial regeneration has the potential to restore cardiomyocytes lost during infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Basalay
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - D M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - S M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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10
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Wang J, Zhou H. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as molecular targets in cardiac ischemia -reperfusion injury. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1866-1879. [PMID: 33163341 PMCID: PMC7606115 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is a critical contributor to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms, a series of adaptive responses that preserve mitochondrial structure and function, ensure cardiomyocyte survival and cardiac function after I/R injury. MQC includes mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, mitophagy and mitochondria-dependent cell death. The interplay among these responses is linked to pathological changes such as redox imbalance, calcium overload, energy metabolism disorder, signal transduction arrest, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Excessive mitochondrial fission is an early marker of mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte death. Reduced mitochondrial fusion has been observed in stressed cardiomyocytes and correlates with mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac depression. Mitophagy allows autophagosomes to selectively degrade poorly structured mitochondria, thus maintaining mitochondrial network fitness. Nevertheless, abnormal mitophagy is maladaptive and has been linked to cell death. Although mitochondria serve as the fuel source of the heart by continuously producing adenosine triphosphate, they also stimulate cardiomyocyte death by inducing apoptosis or necroptosis in the reperfused myocardium. Therefore, defects in MQC may determine the fate of cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms and pathological effects of MQC in myocardial I/R injury, highlighting potential targets for the clinical management of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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11
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Tan Y, Mui D, Toan S, Zhu P, Li R, Zhou H. SERCA Overexpression Improves Mitochondrial Quality Control and Attenuates Cardiac Microvascular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:696-707. [PMID: 33230467 PMCID: PMC7585837 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, coronary circulation is a so far neglected target of cardioprotection. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying I/R injury to cardiac microcirculation. Using gene delivery, we analyzed microvascular protective effects of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) on the reperfused heart and examined the role of SERCA in regulating mitochondrial quality control in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Our data showed that SERCA overexpression attenuates lumen stenosis, inhibits microthrombus formation, reduces inflammation response, and improves endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SERCA overexpression improves endothelial viability, barrier integrity, and cytoskeleton assembly in CMECs. Mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial fusion, mitophagy, bioenergetics, and biogenesis, were disrupted by I/R injury but were restored by SERCA overexpression. SERCA overexpression also restored mitochondrial quality control by inhibiting calcium overload, inactivating xanthine oxidase (XO), and reducing intracellular/mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Administration of exogenous XO or a calcium channel agonist abolished the protective effects of SERCA overexpression on mitochondrial quality control and offset the beneficial effects of SERCA overexpression after cardiac microvascular I/R injury. These findings indicate that SERCA overexpression may be an effective approach to targeting cardiac microvascular I/R injury by regulating calcium/XO/ROS signaling and preserving mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ruibing Li
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Corresponding author Hao Zhou, Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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12
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Li C, Ma Q, Toan S, Wang J, Zhou H, Liang J. SERCA overexpression reduces reperfusion-mediated cardiac microvascular damage through inhibition of the calcium/MCU/mPTP/necroptosis signaling pathways. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101659. [PMID: 32738788 PMCID: PMC7395441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the microvasculature are particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a susceptibility that is partially mediated by dysregulated intracellular calcium signals. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) functions to recycle calcium from the cytosol back to the endoplasmic reticulum. The purpose of this study is to explore the roles and mechanisms of SERCA in protecting microcirculation against cardiac I/R injury. Our data showed that overexpression of SERCA significantly reduced I/R-induced luminal stenosis and vascular wall edema, possibly through normalization of the ratio between eNOS and ET-1. I/R-induced erythrocyte morphological changes in micro-vessels could be reversed by SERCA overexpression through transcriptional inhibition of the expression of adhesive factors. In addition, SERCA-sustained endothelial barrier integrity reduced the likelihood of inflammatory cells infiltrating the myocardium. Furthermore, we found that SERCA overexpression attenuated intracellular calcium overload, suppressed mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) expression, and prevented the abnormal opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) in I/R-treated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Interestingly, the administration of calcium activator or MCU agonist induced endothelial necroptosis in vitro and thus abolished the microvascular protection afforded by SERCA in reperfused heart tissue in vivo. In conclusion, by using gene delivery strategies to specifically target SERCA in vitro and in vivo, we identify a potential novel pathway by which SERCA overexpression protects microcirculation against cardiac I/R injury in a manner dependent on the calcium/MCU/necroptosis pathway. These findings should be taken into consideration in the development of pharmacological strategies for therapeutic interventions against cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Foshan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University (The Second People's Hospital of Foshan), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghui Ma
- Department of Oncology Hematology, Foshan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University (The Second People's Hospital of Foshan), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianqiu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Foshan Hospital Affiliated with Southern Medical University (The Second People's Hospital of Foshan), Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Shen S, Zhang L, Xiang Y, Weng X. Mst1 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in oxidative stress-induced rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16211-16223. [PMID: 32692720 PMCID: PMC7485731 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of macrophage stimulating 1 (Mst1) and the AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway in the oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis seen in rheumatoid arthritis-related fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). Mst1 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated RA-FLSs than untreated controls. H2O2 treatment induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by activating caspase3/9 and Bax in the RA-FLSs. Moreover, H2O2 treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial state-3 and state-4 respiration, but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mst1 silencing significantly reduced oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in RA-FLSs. Sirt1 expression was significantly reduced in the H2O2-treated RA-FLSs, but was higher in the H2O2-treated Mst1-silenced RA-FLSs. Pretreatment with selisistat (Sirt1-specific inhibitor) or compound C (AMPK antagonist) significantly reduced the viability and mitochondrial function in H2O2-treated Mst1-silenced RA-FLSs by inhibiting Sirt1 function or Sirt1 expression, respectively. These findings demonstrate that oxidative stress-related upregulation and activation of Mst1 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in RA-FLSs by inhibiting the AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway. This suggests the Mst1-AMPK-Sirt1 axis is a potential target for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Songpo Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yongbo Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
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14
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Zhu H, Zhao M, Chen Y, Li D. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 overexpression attenuates catecholamine-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:946-957. [PMID: 32583430 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 associated athanogene 5 (Bag5) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulator. However, its role in catecholamine-induced endothelial cells damage has not been fully understood. In our study, catecholamine was used to mimic hypertension-related endothelial cell damage. Then, western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and pathway analysis were conducted to analyze the role of Bag5 in endothelial cell damage in response to catecholamine. Our results indicated that the endothelial cell viability was impaired by catecholamine. Interestingly, Bag5 overexpression significantly reversed endothelial cell viability. Mechanistically, Bag5 overexpression inhibited ER stress, attenuated oxidative stress and repressed inflammation in catecholamine-treated endothelial cells. These beneficial effects finally contributed to endothelial cell survival under catecholamine treatment. Pathway analysis demonstrated that Bag5 was under the control of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Reactivation of the MAPK-ERK pathway could upregulate Bag5 expression and thus promote endothelial cell survival through inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation. Altogether, our results illustrate that Bag5 overexpression sustains endothelial cell survival in response to catecholamine treatment. This finding identifies Bag5 downregulation and the inactivated MAPK-ERK pathway as potential mechanisms underlying catecholamine-induced endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Zheng N, Li H, Wang X, Zhao Z, Shan D. Oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with dysregulated Akt/p53 signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:599-604. [PMID: 32460597 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1772297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a crucial role in cardiac and vascular abnormalities in different types of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying oxidative stress-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis with a focus on the Akt-p53 signaling pathway. In vitro, cardiomyocyte was cultured with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Then, cardiomyocyte viability, apoptosis rate and signaling pathway were analyzed through ELISA, immunofluorescence, qPCR and western blots. The results indicated that oxidative stress caused cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, oxidative stress inhibited cardiomyocyte glucose metabolism and promoted lactic acid accumulation. Besides, oxidative stress triggered calcium overload in cardiomyocyte. Finally, we found that oxidative stress inhibited the activity of Akt pathway while activated p53 signaling pathway. Genetic knockdown of p53 abolished oxidative stress-mediated cardiomyocyte injury and death through regulating the expressions and activities of caspase-3 and Bax. Altogether, our results illustrate that oxidative stress is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis through a mechanism involving dysregulated Akt/p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixian Zhao
- First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongkai Shan
- Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Costa FLDS, Teixeira RKC, Yamaki VN, Valente AL, Percário S, Brito MVH. Remote ischemic conditioning enhances heart and brain antioxidant defense. J Vasc Bras 2020; 19:e20190129. [PMID: 34178069 PMCID: PMC8202165 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.190129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury contributes to morbidity after revascularization
procedures. Along with early reperfusion, tissue conditioning by alternating
intervals of brief ischemia-reperfusion episodes is considered the best approach
to limit tissue damage. Remote ischemic conditioning is conducted remotely, in
tissues other than those under ischemia. Despite this, remote ischemic
conditioning protection mechanisms are poorly understood, which can lead to
misapplication. Objectives To assess whether remote ischemic conditioning works in the heart and brain
through enhancement of cells’ antioxidant defenses and whether the response is
sustained or temporary. Methods Twenty-one male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups (n = 7): SHAM: same
procedure as the other groups, but no remote ischemic conditioning was carried
out. RIC 10: heart and brain were harvested 10 minutes after the remote ischemic
conditioning protocol. RIC 60: heart and brain were harvested 60 minutes after the
remote ischemic conditioning protocol. The remote ischemic conditioning protocol
consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min left hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min left
hindlimb perfusion, lasting 30 min in total. Heart and brain samples were used to
measure the tissue antioxidant capacity. Results Remote ischemic conditioning increased heart and brain antioxidant capacity after
10 minutes (0.746 ± 0.160/0.801 ± 0.227 mM/L) when compared to SHAM (0.523 ±
0.078/0.404 ± 0.124 mM/L). No enhancement of heart or brain antioxidant capacity
was detected 60 minutes after remote ischemic conditioning (0.551 ± 0.073/0.455 ±
0.107 mM/L). Conclusions Remote ischemic conditioning temporarily enhances heart and brain antioxidant
defenses in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vitor Nagai Yamaki
- Universidade do Estado do Pará - UEPA, Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - André Lopes Valente
- Universidade do Estado do Pará - UEPA, Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Belém, PA, Brasil
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17
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Fu Z, Jiao Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen M, Reiter RJ, Xi Q, Chen Y. Cardioprotective Role of Melatonin in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:366. [PMID: 32411013 PMCID: PMC7201093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, indole secreted, and synthesized by the human pineal gland. Melatonin has biological effects including anti-apoptosis, protecting mitochondria, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and stimulating target cells to secrete cytokines. Its protective effect on cardiomyocytes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has caused widespread interest in the actions of this molecule. The effects of melatonin against oxidative stress, promoting autophagic repair of cells, regulating immune and inflammatory responses, enhancing mitochondrial function, and relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress, play crucial roles in protecting cardiomyocytes from infarction. Mitochondrial apoptosis and dysfunction are common occurrence in cardiomyocyte injury after myocardial infarction. This review focuses on the targets of melatonin in protecting cardiomyocytes in AMI, the main molecular signaling pathways that melatonin influences in its endogenous protective role in myocardial infarction, and the developmental prospect of melatonin in myocardial infarction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- San Antonio Cellular Therapeutics Institute, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Qing Xi
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Wang J, Toan S, Zhou H. New insights into the role of mitochondria in cardiac microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:299-314. [PMID: 32246225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As reperfusion therapies have become more widely used in acute myocardial infarction patients, ischemia-induced myocardial damage has been markedly reduced, but reperfusion-induced cardiac injury has become increasingly evident. The features of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury include microvascular perfusion defects, platelet activation and sequential cardiomyocyte death due to additional ischemic events at the reperfusion stage. Microvascular obstruction, defined as a no-reflow phenomenon, determines the infarct zone, myocardial function and peri-operative mortality. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury may occur much earlier and with much greater severity than cardiomyocyte injury. Endothelial cells contain fewer mitochondria than other cardiac cells, and several of the pathological alterations during cardiac microvascular I/R injury involve mitochondria, such as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. Although mROS are necessary physiological second messengers, high mROS levels induce oxidative stress, endothelial senescence and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fission, fusion and mitophagy, determine the shape, distribution, size and function of mitochondria. These adaptive responses modify extracellular signals and orchestrate intracellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, angiogenesis, permeability transition, adhesive molecule expression, endothelial barrier function and anticoagulation. In this review, we discuss the involvement of mROS and mitochondrial morphofunction in cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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19
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Wang J, Toan S, Zhou H. Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury: New insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104771. [PMID: 32234339 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy and revascularization strategies create a complete recanalization of the occluded epicardial coronary artery in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, about 35 % of patients still experience an impaired myocardial reperfusion, which is termed a no-reflow phenomenon mainly caused by cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are essential for microvascular endothelial cells' survival, both because of their roles as metabolic energy producers and as regulators of programmed cell death. Mitochondrial structure and function are regulated by a mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, a series of processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics/mitophagy, mitochondrial proteostasis, and mitochondria-mediated cell death. Our review discusses the MQC mechanisms and how they are linked to cardiac microvascular I/R injury. Additionally, we will summarize the molecular basis that results in defective MQC mechanisms and present potential therapeutic interventions for improving MQC in cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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20
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Xin T, Lu C. Irisin activates Opa1-induced mitophagy to protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4474-4488. [PMID: 32155590 PMCID: PMC7093202 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is characterized by sudden ischemia and cardiomyocyte death. Mitochondria have critical roles in regulating cardiomyocyte viability and can sustain damage under ischemic conditions. Mitophagy is a mechanism by which damaged mitochondria are removed by autophagy to maintain mitochondrial structure and function. We investigated the role of the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) in mitophagy following myocardial infarction. Opa1 expression was downregulated in infarcted hearts in vivo and in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro. We found that Opa1 overexpression protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced damage and enhanced cell viability by inducing mitophagy. Opa1-induced mitophagy was activated by treatment with irisin, which protected cardiomyocytes from further damage following myocardial infarction. Opa1 knockdown abolished the cardioprotective effects of irisin resulting in an enhanced inflammatory response, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Our data indicate that Opa1 plays an important role in maintaining cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial function following myocardial infarction by inducing mitophagy. Irisin can activate Opa1-induced mitophagy and protect against cardiomyocyte injury following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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21
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Xing J, Wang Z, Xu H, Liu C, Wei Z, Zhao L, Ren L. Pak2 inhibition promotes resveratrol-mediated glioblastoma A172 cell apoptosis via modulating the AMPK-YAP signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6563-6573. [PMID: 32017068 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphenolic compound, resveratrol (Res) is widely present in a variety of plants. Previous studies have shown that Res can inhibit various tumors. However, its role in c remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we first demonstrated that Res inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of glioblastoma A172 cell. Further experiments showed that Res induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the activity of caspase-9. Functional studies have found that Res treatment is associated with an increase in the expression of Pak2. Interestingly, inhibition of Pak2 could further augment the proapoptotic effect of Res. Mechanistically, Pak2 inhibition induced reactive oxygen species overproduction, mitochondria-JNK pathway activation, and AMPK-YAP axis suppression. However, overexpression of YAP could abolish the anticancer effects of Res and Pak2 inhibition, suggesting a necessary role played by the AMPK-YAP pathway in regulating cancer-suppressive actions of Res and Pak2 inhibition. Altogether, our results indicated that Res in combination with Pak2 inhibition could further enhance the anticancer property of Res and this effect is mediated via the AMPK-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zhang M, Zhou D, Ouyang Z, Yu M, Jiang Y. Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inducing ER stress and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6605-6614. [PMID: 31985036 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasm reticulum stress and inflammation response have been found to be linked to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has been reported to be a novel endoplasm reticulum regulator. The aim of our study is to figure out the role of SPHK1 in cerebral IR injury and verify whether it has an ability to regulate inflammation and endoplasm reticulum stress. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce cerebral IR injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blots, and immunofluorescence were used to measure the alterations of cell viability, inflammation response, and endoplasm reticulum stress. The results demonstrated that after exposure to hydrogen peroxide, cell viability was reduced whereas SPHK1 expression was significantly elevated. Knockdown of SPHK1 attenuated hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death and reversed cell viability. Our data also demonstrated that SPHK1 deletion reduced endoplasm reticulum stress and alleviated inflammation response in hydrogen peroxide-treated cells. In addition, we also found that SHPK1 modulated endoplasm reticulum stress and inflammation response to through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway has similar results when compared with the cells with SPHK1 deletion. Altogether, our results demonstrated that SPHK1 upregulation, induced by hydrogen peroxide, is responsible for cerebral IR injury through inducing endoplasm reticulum stress and inflammation response in a manner working through the NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding provides new insight into the molecular mechanism to explain the neuron death induced by cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhu Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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23
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Li P, Hu F, Cao X, Luo L, Tu Q. Melatonin receptor protects cardiomyocyte against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:117-125. [PMID: 31986953 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1719151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Tu
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
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Pathological Roles of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiac Microvascular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010085. [PMID: 31948043 PMCID: PMC7023463 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate through controlling ATP generation and releasing pro-apoptotic factors. Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the coronary microcirculation has manifestations ranging in severity from reversible edema to interstitial hemorrhage. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardiac microvascular I/R injury including edema, impaired vasomotion, coronary microembolization, and capillary destruction. In contrast to their role in cell types with higher energy demands, mitochondria in endothelial cells primarily function in signaling cellular responses to environmental cues. It is clear that abnormal mitochondrial signatures, including mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy, play a substantial role in endothelial cell function. While the pathogenic role of each of these mitochondrial alterations in the endothelial cells I/R injury remains complex, profiling of mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cell dysfunction may offer promising potential targets in the search for novel diagnostics and therapeutics in cardiac microvascular I/R injury. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on cardiac microvascular endothelial cells dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, are critically discussed to understand their roles in endothelial cell survival. Finally, mitophagy, as a degradative mechanism for damaged mitochondria, is summarized to figure out its contribution to the progression of microvascular I/R injury.
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Wang J, Zhu P, Li R, Ren J, Zhou H. Fundc1-dependent mitophagy is obligatory to ischemic preconditioning-conferred renoprotection in ischemic AKI via suppression of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Redox Biol 2019; 30:101415. [PMID: 31901590 PMCID: PMC6940662 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (Fundc1)-dependent mitophagy, mainly activated by ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning, benefits acute myocardial reperfusion injury and chronic metabolic syndrome via sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial fission plays a pathogenic role in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) through perturbation of mitochondrial quality and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis. The aim of our study was to explore the role of Fundc1 mitophagy in ischemia preconditioning (IPC)-mediated renoprotection. Proximal tubule-specific Fundc1 knockout (Fundc1PTKO) mice were subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and IPC prior to assessment of renal function, mitophagy, mitochondrial quality control, and Drp1-related mitochondrial fission. Following exposure to IPC, Fundc1 mitophagy was activated through post-transcriptional phosphorylation at Ser17. Interestingly, IRI-mediated renal injury, inflammation, and tubule cell death were mitigated by IPC whereas proximal tubule-specific Fundc1 knockout (Fundc1PTKO) mice abolished IPC-offered renoprotection. Mechanistically, IRI-evoked mitochondrial damage was improved by IPC whereas Fundc1 deficiency provoked mitochondrial abnormality, manifested by impaired mitochondrial quality and hyperactivated Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission. Interestingly, Fundc1 deficiency-associated mitochondrial dysfunction was reversed by pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission. In vivo, Fundc1 deletion-caused renal injury, severe pro-inflammatory response, and tubule cell death could be nullified by way of knockout Drp1 on Fundc1PTKO background. Finally, we also revealed that IPC triggered Fundc1 mitophagy activation through UNC-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) and Ulk1 ablation interrupted IPC-mediated Fundc1 activation and thus attenuated IPC-induced renoprotection. Fundc1 mitophagy, primarily driven by IPC, confers resistance to AKI through reconciliation of mitochondrial fission, implicating the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial homeostasis for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruibing Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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26
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Lieder HR, Skyschally A, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Plasma from remotely conditioned pigs reduces infarct size when given before or after ischemia to isolated perfused rat hearts. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1371-1379. [PMID: 31631252 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Short cycles of ischemia/reperfusion in a tissue/organ remote from the heart reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Such remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) can be induced before (pre-), during (per-), or after (post-) the onset of myocardial ischemia. RIC's protection can be transferred with plasma between different individuals, even across species. Infusion of plasma from pigs with remote ischemic per-conditioning(RPERC) reduces infarct size in isolated perfused rat hearts when given before and after the index ischemia. We here determined whether or not infusion of pig plasma is equally protective when given exclusively before or after the index ischemia in isolated perfused rat hearts. Blood was sampled at 10 min reperfusion from Göttingen mini-pigs with 60/180 min coronary occlusion/reperfusion without (placebo, n = 8) or with RPERC (4 × 5 min/5 min hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion, n = 7) starting at 20 min coronary occlusion. Plasma was separated, diluted (1:6), and infused into isolated perfused rat hearts before (plasmabefore) or after (plasmaafter) 30/120 min global zero-flow ischemia/reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) was demarcated and calculated as percent of ventricular mass (means ± standard deviations). The activation of cardioprotective intracellular signaling cascades was analyzed by Western blot. RPERC-plasma reduced IS (placebo-plasmabefore 36 ± 5% and placebo-plasmaafter 36 ± 7% versus RPERC-plasmabefore 19 ± 3% and RPERC-plasmaafter 21 ± 4%; P < 0.001 versus placebo-plasma) and increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, no matter whether plasma was given before ischemia or during reperfusion. Obviously, the protection, which the released factors exert, is operative during reperfusion. However, pre-ischemic exposure to such cardioprotective factors is remembered throughout ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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27
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Skyschally A, Hagelschuer H, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G. Larger infarct size but equal protection by ischemic conditioning in septum and anterior free wall of pigs with LAD occlusion. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14236. [PMID: 31599118 PMCID: PMC6785659 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ischemic area at risk (AAR) is one major determinant of infarct size (IS). In patients, the largest AAR is seen with a proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, which serves parts of the septum and of the anterior free wall. It is not clear, whether regional differences in the perfusion territories also impact on IS and the magnitude of cardioprotection by ischemic conditioning. We have retrospectively analyzed 132 experiments in pigs, which have a similar LAD perfusion territory as humans. The LAD was occluded for 60 min with subsequent 180 min reperfusion. Cardioprotection by either local ischemic pre- or postconditioning or remote ischemic pre- or perconditioning was induced in 93 pigs. The AAR was demarcated by blue dye staining, and IS was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Using digital planimetry, the AAR was separated into sections unequivocally located in the septum (AARS ) or the anterior free wall (AARAFW ). Relative IS was calculated for AARS or AARAFW . AARAFW was larger than AARS (51 ± 9% vs. 34 ± 8% of total AAR; mean ± SD, P < 0.001). Regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) was not different between septum and anterior free wall. IS without ischemic conditioning tended to be larger in AARS than in AARAFW (50 ± 17% vs. 44 ± 19%; % of AARAWF or AARS , respectively; P = 0.075). Also, with robust IS reduction by ischemic conditioning, the difference in relative IS remained (AARS : 27 ± 16%; AARAFW : 21 ± 16%; P = 0.01). There is a somewhat greater susceptibility for infarction in septal than anterior free wall myocardium. However, ischemic conditioning still reduces IS in both septal and anterior free wall myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for PathophysiologyWest German Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
| | - Helene Hagelschuer
- Institute for PathophysiologyWest German Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for PathophysiologyWest German Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for PathophysiologyWest German Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of Essen Medical SchoolEssenGermany
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