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Hu C, Liu Y, Lin L, Yuan C, Ma D, Huang Q. Pathogenic Somatic Mutation of DICER1 and Clinicopathological Features in Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartomas: A Series of Nine Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:588-595. [PMID: 38357912 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) is a rare benign polypoid mesenchymal tumor arising in the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses. Recognizing these sporadic, rare lesions is crucial, as surgical complete removal of the mass is the common treatment approach. This retrospective study analyzed the demographics, symptoms, and imaging data of 9 patients diagnosed with NCMH between January 2017 and June 2023, possibly representing the largest single-center adult case cohort to date. Diagnostic techniques included nasal endoscopy, CT/MRI scan, immunohistological studies, and morphologic comparisons. Pathologic specimens were subjected to Sanger sequencing of exons 24 and 25 of DICER1. The average age of 9 cases was 24.4 years, and the oldest was 55 years. Four of the patients were children, ranging from 1 year old to 11 years old, with an average of 4.5 years. Nasal congestion is the most common registered symptom. Endoscopic findings showed that most patients had smooth pink neoplasms or polypoid masses in the nasal meatus. Radiologic scanning revealed soft-tissue density masses that occupied the nasal cavity. Histologically, the characteristic structure of NCMHs is immature cellular cartilage nodules and mature cartilage nodules distributed in a loose mucoid matrix. Five of the 9 patients had somatic DICER1 missense mutations. Four of the patients with DICER1-mutated NCMH exhibited a p.E1813 missense hotspot mutation. We also report a case of a rare p.P1836H missense mutation. The detected DICER1 somatic mutations provide compelling evidence of an association with the DICER1 tumor family. We emphasize the importance of pathologic consultation and the need for pathologists to accumulate experience in NCMH diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuncun Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Fraire CR, Desai K, Obalapuram UA, Mendyka LK, Rajaram V, Sebastian T, Wang Y, Onel K, Lee J, Chen KS. An imbalance between proliferation and differentiation underlies the development of microRNA-defective pineoblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590638. [PMID: 38712047 PMCID: PMC11071395 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the microRNA processing genes DICER1 and DROSHA drive several cancers that resemble embryonic progenitors. To understand how microRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, we ablated Drosha or Dicer1 in the developing pineal gland to emulate the pathogenesis of pineoblastoma, a brain tumor that resembles undifferentiated precursors of the pineal gland. Accordingly, these mice develop pineal tumors marked by loss of microRNAs, including the let-7/miR-98-5p family, and de-repression of microRNA target genes. Pineal tumors driven by loss of Drosha or Dicer1 mimic tumors driven by Rb1 loss, as they exhibit upregulation of S-phase genes and homeobox transcription factors that regulate pineal development. Blocking proliferation of these tumors facilitates expression of pinealocyte maturation markers, with a concomitant reduction in embryonic markers. Select embryonic markers remain elevated, however, as the microRNAs that normally repress these target genes remain absent. One such microRNA target gene is the oncofetal transcription factor Plagl2, which regulates expression of pro-growth genes, and inhibiting their signaling impairs tumor growth. Thus, we demonstrate that tumors driven by loss of microRNA processing may be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting downstream drivers of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudette R. Fraire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Kavita Desai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Veena Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Teja Sebastian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Kenneth S. Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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3
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Rodrigues L, Da Cruz Paula A, Soares P, Vinagre J. Unraveling the Significance of DGCR8 and miRNAs in Thyroid Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:561. [PMID: 38607000 PMCID: PMC11011343 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as negative regulators for protein-coding gene expression impacting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in cancer and constitute classes of blood-based biomarkers useful for cancer detection and prognosis definition. In thyroid cancer (TC), the miRNA biogenesis pathway plays a pivotal role in thyroid gland formation, ensuring proper follicle development and hormone production. Several alterations in the miRNA biogenesis genes are reported as a causality for miRNA dysregulation. Mutations in microprocessor component genes are linked to an increased risk of developing TC; in particular, a recurrent mutation affecting DGCR8, the E518K. In this review, we explore these novel findings and resume the current state-of-the-art in miRNAs in thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (A.D.C.P.); (P.S.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Vasiljevic A. Histopathology and molecular pathology of pediatric pineal parenchymal tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:2273-2284. [PMID: 35972537 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pineal parenchymal tumors in children are rare. They consist of two main types, pineoblastoma (PB) and pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID), which are World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 and grade 2-3 respectively. PBs are divided into four distinct molecular groups: PB-miRNA1, PB-miRNA2, PB-RB1, and PB-MYC/FOXR2. PB-RB1 and PB-MYC/FOXR2 affect young children and are associated with a dismal prognosis. PB-miRNA1 and PB-miRNA2 groups affect older children and follow a more favorable course. They are characterized by mutually exclusive alterations in genes involved in miRNA biogenesis, including DICER1, DROSHA, and DGCR8. They may be sporadic or may represent one manifestation of DICER1 syndrome. PB-RB1 tumors show alterations in the RB1 gene and may develop in the setting of congenital retinoblastoma, a condition known as "trilateral retinoblastoma." In the pediatric population, PPTIDs typically affect adolescents. They are characterized by small in-frame insertions in the KBTBD4 gene which is involved in ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Centre de Pathologie Et Neuropathologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 BRON Cedex, Lyon, France.
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5
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Pelletier D, Rivera B, Fabian MR, Foulkes WD. miRNA biogenesis and inherited disorders: clinico-molecular insights. Trends Genet 2023; 39:401-414. [PMID: 36863945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in the regulation of gene expression, a process known as miRNA-induced gene silencing. The human genome codes for many miRNAs, and their biogenesis relies on a handful of genes, including DROSHA, DGCR8, DICER1, and AGO1/2. Germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in these genes cause at least three distinct genetic syndromes, with clinical manifestations that range from hyperplastic/neoplastic entities to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Over the past decade, DICER1 GPVs have been shown to lead to tumor predisposition. Moreover, recent findings have provided insight into the clinical consequences arising from GPVs in DGCR8, AGO1, and AGO2. Here we provide a timely update with respect to how GPVs in miRNA biogenesis genes alter miRNA biology and ultimately lead to their clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Pelletier
- Department of Human Genetics, Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Rivera
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program - Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc R Fabian
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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6
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Idriss S, Hallal M, El-Kurdi A, Zalzali H, El-Rassi I, Ehli EA, Davis CM, Chung PED, Gendoo DMA, Zacksenhaus E, Saab R, Khoueiry P. A temporal in vivo catalog of chromatin accessibility and expression profiles in pineoblastoma reveals a prevalent role for repressor elements. Genome Res 2023; 33:269-282. [PMID: 36650051 PMCID: PMC10069464 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277037.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric pineoblastomas (PBs) are rare and aggressive tumors of grade IV histology. Although some oncogenic drivers are characterized, including germline mutations in RB1 and DICER1, the role of epigenetic deregulation and cis-regulatory regions in PB pathogenesis and progression is largely unknown. Here, we generated genome-wide gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and H3K27ac profiles covering key time points of PB initiation and progression from pineal tissues of a mouse model of CCND1-driven PB. We identified PB-specific enhancers and super-enhancers, and found that in some cases, the accessible genome dynamics precede transcriptomic changes, a characteristic that is underexplored in tumor progression. During progression of PB, newly acquired open chromatin regions lacking H3K27ac signal become enriched for repressive state elements and harbor motifs of repressor transcription factors like HINFP, GLI2, and YY1. Copy number variant analysis identified deletion events specific to the tumorigenic stage, affecting, among others, the histone gene cluster and Gas1, the growth arrest specific gene. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene expression signatures positioned the model used here close to human PB samples, showing the potential of our findings for exploring new avenues in PB management and therapy. Overall, this study reports the first temporal and in vivo cis-regulatory, expression, and accessibility maps in PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Idriss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Hallal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.,Biomedical Engineering Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah El-Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.,Pillar Genomics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hasan Zalzali
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Inaam El-Rassi
- Biomedical Engineering Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108, USA
| | - Christel M Davis
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108, USA
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Deena M A Gendoo
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, United Kingdom
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raya Saab
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Khoueiry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; .,Pillar Genomics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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7
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Vuong HG, Le MK, Dunn IF. A systematic review of the clinicopathological features and prognostic outcomes of DICER1-mutant malignant brain neoplasms. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022; 30:308-315. [PMID: 35901678 PMCID: PMC10193506 DOI: 10.3171/2022.6.peds22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DICER1-mutant malignant brain neoplasms are very rare tumors, and published data have relied on case reports or small case series. In this review, the authors aimed to systematically summarize the types and distribution patterns of DICER1 mutations, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic outcomes of these tumors. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant studies. They included studies if they provided individual patient data of primary malignant brain tumors carrying DICER1 mutations. RESULTS The authors found 16 studies consisting of 9 embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs), 30 pineoblastomas, 52 primary intracranial sarcomas, and 27 pituitary blastomas. Pineoblastoma, ETMR, and pituitary blastoma were more likely to carry DICER1 germline mutations, while only a small subset of primary intracranial sarcomas harbored these mutations (p < 0.001). Nearly 80% of tumors with germline mutations also had another somatic mutation in DICER1. ETMR and primary intracranial sarcoma were associated with an increased risk for tumor progression and relapse compared with pituitary blastoma and pineoblastoma (p = 0.0025), but overall survival (OS) was not significantly different. Gross-total resection (GTR) and radiotherapy administration were associated with prolonged OS. CONCLUSIONS ETMR, pineoblastoma, primary intracranial sarcoma, and pituitary blastoma should be considered rare phenotypes of the DICER1 syndrome, and families should be counseled and screened for associated tumors. ETMR and primary intracranial sarcoma had a higher risk of relapse. GTR and radiotherapy appeared to improve the OS of patients with DICER1-mutant malignant intracranial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
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8
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Uchida E, Sasaki A, Shirahata M, Suzuki T, Adachi JI, Mishima K, Yasuda M, Fujimaki T, Ichimura K, Nishikawa R. Role of proliferative marker index and KBTBD4 mutation in the pathological diagnosis of pineal parenchymal tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:130-138. [PMID: 35000018 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) are clinically rare and a biopsy is often required for a definitive diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of histological assessment of PPTs, we examined the proliferative capacity of PPT cells and investigated DICER1 expression and KBTBD4 mutations. This study included 19 cases of PPTs [3 pineocytomas (PCs), 10 PPTs of intermediate differentiation (PPTID), and 6 pineoblastomas (PBs)]. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, PHH3, and DICER1, as well as Sanger sequencing analysis for KBTBD4 mutations, was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens that were resected during surgery. Tumor cell proliferation was quantified using an image analysis software. For the PHH3 and MIB-1 indices, a significant difference was observed between the PPTIDs and PBs (P < 0.05). Loss of DICER1 was not specific for PB; 0/3 PCs (0.0%), 2/9 PPTIDs (22.2%), and 2/4 PBs (50.0%). KBTBD4 mutations were detected in 1/3 PCs (33.3%), 6/9 PPTIDs (66.7%), and 0/4 PBs (0.0%). Thus, combined application of the proliferative marker index and KBTBD4 mutation analysis may be useful for the differential diagnosis of PPTs. Furthermore, detection of KBTBD4 mutations using Sanger sequencing analysis may support the diagnosis of PPTID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eita Uchida
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan. .,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Shirahata
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonari Suzuki
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Adachi
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mishima
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Fujimaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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9
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DGCR8 and the six hit, three-step model of schwannomatosis. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:115-117. [PMID: 34821987 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Vibert R, Gauthier-Villars M, Carrière C, Dubois d'Enghien C, Cyrta J, Vincent-Salomon A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bièche I, Jeannot E, Golmard L. Highly Sensitive Detection Method of DICER1 Tumor Hotspot Mutations by Drop-off Droplet Digital PCR. Clin Chem 2021; 68:322-331. [PMID: 34928333 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DICER1 syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome predisposing to various benign and malignant tumors, mainly occurring in children and young adults, requiring broad surveillance starting at birth with repeated irradiating imaging exams and sedations for young patients. It is caused by monoallelic germline pathogenic variants in the DICER1 gene. More than 90% of tumors bear an additional somatic DICER1 missense hotspot mutation, as a second hit, involving 1 of 6 codons clustered in exons 24 and 25. We designed and in vitro validated a drop-off droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) system to scan all DICER1 hotspot codons, allowing for a liquid biopsy test, an alternative to sedation and radiation exposure. METHODS Three drop-off ddPCR assays were designed, with 2 TaqMan probes per assay, 1 complementary to the wild-type sequence of the region containing hotspots and another 1 used as a reference. Eight tumor-derived DNAs and 5 synthetic oligonucleotides bearing DICER1 hotspot mutations were tested. RESULTS All tested mutations were detected, with a limit of detection ranging from 0.07% to 0.31% for codons p. E1705, p. D1709, and p. D1713 in exon 24 and from 0.06% to 0.15% for codons p. G1809, p. D1810, and p. E1813 in exon 25. CONCLUSIONS The high sensitivity of this method is compatible with its use for plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis for early tumor detection in DICER1 syndrome patients. It may reduce the need for radiation exposure and sedation in surveillance protocols and may also improve patient prognosis. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate ctDNA analysis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Vibert
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Christelle Carrière
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Joanna Cyrta
- Université PSL, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Université PSL, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannot
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université PSL, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université PSL, Paris, France
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11
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Vardapour R, Kehl T, Kneitz S, Ludwig N, Meese E, Lenhof HP, Gessler M. The DGCR8 E518K mutation found in Wilms tumors leads to a partial miRNA processing defect that alters gene expression patterns and biological processes. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:82-93. [PMID: 34919667 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal tumor in childhood. We and others have previously identified oncogenic driver mutations affecting the microprocessor genes DROSHA and DGCR8 that lead to altered miRNA expression patterns. In the case of DGCR8, a single recurrent hotspot mutation (E518K) was found in the RNA binding domain. To functionally assess this mutation in vitro, we generated mouse Dgcr8-KO embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines with an inducible expression of wild-type or mutant DGCR8, mirroring the hemizygous mutant expression seen in WT. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant differences of miRNA expression profiles in DGCR8-E518K compared to DGCR8-wild-type mESCs. The E518K mutation only led to a partial rescue of the reported miRNA processing defect in Dgcr8-KO, with selectively reduced expression of numerous canonical miRNAs. Nevertheless, DGCR8-E518K retained significant activity given its ability to still process many miRNAs. Subsequent to altered miRNA levels, the expression of mRNA targets was likewise changed. Functional assays showed that DGCR8-E518K cells still have a partial proliferation and differentiation defect but were able to rescue critical biological processes in embryoid body development. The stem cell program could be shut down and all three germ layers were formed. These findings suggest that the E518K mutation leads to a partial reduction of microprocessor activity and altered specificity with selective impairment only in certain developmental contexts, apparently including nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Vardapour
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Physiological Chemistry, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
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12
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Gareev I, Beylerli O, Liang Y, Xiang H, Liu C, Xu X, Yuan C, Ahmad A, Yang G. The Role of MicroRNAs in Therapeutic Resistance of Malignant Primary Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740303. [PMID: 34692698 PMCID: PMC8529124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors in children and adults are challenging tumors to treat. Malignant primary brain tumors (MPBTs) such as glioblastoma have very poor outcomes, emphasizing the need to better understand their pathogenesis. Developing novel strategies to slow down or even stop the growth of brain tumors remains one of the major clinical challenges. Modern treatment strategies for MPBTs are based on open surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, none of these treatments, alone or in combination, are considered effective in controlling tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-22 nucleotide long endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by interacting with 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of mRNA-targets. It has been proven that miRNAs play a significant role in various biological processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, etc. Over the last decade, there has been an emergence of a large number of studies devoted to the role of miRNAs in the oncogenesis of brain tumors and the development of resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Wherein, among the variety of molecules secreted by tumor cells into the external environment, extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exosomes and microvesicles) play a special role. Various elements were found in the EVs, including miRNAs, which can be transported as part of these EVs both between neighboring cells and between remotely located cells of different tissues using biological fluids. Some of these miRNAs in EVs can contribute to the development of resistance to radio- and chemotherapy in MPBTs, including multidrug resistance (MDR). This comprehensive review examines the role of miRNAs in the resistance of MPBTs (e.g., high-grade meningiomas, medulloblastoma (MB), pituitary adenomas (PAs) with aggressive behavior, and glioblastoma) to chemoradiotherapy and pharmacological treatment. It is believed that miRNAs are future therapeutic targets in MPBTs and such the role of miRNAs needs to be critically evaluated to focus on solving the problems of resistance to therapy this kind of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huang Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Clinical and molecular heterogeneity of pineal parenchymal tumors: a consensus study. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:771-785. [PMID: 33619588 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomic studies have shed light on the biology and inter-tumoral heterogeneity underlying pineal parenchymal tumors, in particular pineoblastomas (PBs) and pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTIDs). Previous reports, however, had modest sample sizes and lacked the power to integrate molecular and clinical findings. The different proposed molecular group structures also highlighted a need to reach consensus on a robust and relevant classification system. We performed a meta-analysis on 221 patients with molecularly characterized PBs and PPTIDs. DNA methylation profiles were analyzed through complementary bioinformatic approaches and molecular subgrouping was harmonized. Demographic, clinical, and genomic features of patients and samples from these pineal tumor groups were annotated. Four clinically and biologically relevant consensus PB groups were defined: PB-miRNA1 (n = 96), PB-miRNA2 (n = 23), PB-MYC/FOXR2 (n = 34), and PB-RB1 (n = 25). A final molecularly distinct group, designated PPTID (n = 43), comprised histological PPTID and PBs. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling allowed the characterization of oncogenic drivers for individual tumor groups, specifically, alterations in the microRNA processing pathway in PB-miRNA1/2, MYC amplification and FOXR2 overexpression in PB-MYC/FOXR2, RB1 alteration in PB-RB1, and KBTBD4 insertion in PPTID. Age at diagnosis, sex predilection, and metastatic status varied significantly among tumor groups. While patients with PB-miRNA2 and PPTID had superior outcome, survival was intermediate for patients with PB-miRNA1, and dismal for those with PB-MYC/FOXR2 or PB-RB1. Reduced-dose CSI was adequate for patients with average-risk, PB-miRNA1/2 disease. We systematically interrogated the clinical and molecular heterogeneity within pineal parenchymal tumors and proposed a consensus nomenclature for disease groups, laying the groundwork for future studies as well as routine use in tumor diagnostic classification and clinical trial stratification.
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Chong AS, Nikiforov YE, Condello V, Wald AI, Nikiforova MN, Foulkes WD, Rivera B. Prevalence and Spectrum of DICER1 Mutations in Adult-onset Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:968-977. [PMID: 33460435 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT DICER1 mutations are found in multinodular goiter and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children, and can be a manifestation of DICER1 syndrome, but the prevalence of DICER1 mutations and their significance in adult-onset thyroid nodules is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine (1) the prevalence of DICER1 hotspot mutations in thyroid nodules; (2) the frequency of a second DICER1 pathogenic variant in thyroid nodules with DICER1 hotspot mutations; (3) the prevalence of other thyroid cancer driver mutations in thyroid nodules with and without DICER1 hotspot mutations. METHODS Population-based study of 14 993 consecutive fine needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules evaluated by ThyroSeq v3. From 214 DICER1 hotspot-positive cases, we selected 61, matched to DICER1 hotspot-negative nodules. We performed full sequencing of all exons and exon-intron boundaries of DICER1. SETTING Commercial and university-based laboratories in the United States and Canada. RESULTS Among 14 993 thyroid nodules, 214 (1.4%) revealed a DICER1 hotspot mutation. A second pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in DICER1 was found in 45/59 (76%) DICER1 hotspot-positive nodules studied while no other DICER1 variant was identified in the DICER1 hotspot-negative group by full DICER1 sequencing. Other alterations in thyroid-related genes were significantly more frequent in DICER1 hotspot-negative nodules (32/61) than in DICER1 hotspot--positive nodules (4/59) (P < .0001). CONCLUSION DICER1 alterations occur in a proportion of adult thyroid nodules and appear mutually exclusive with alterations in other thyroid cancer-related genes. DICER1 hotspot mutations occur with a second hit in most cases and could suggest occult DICER1 syndrome in adults with thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Chong
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Condello
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abigail I Wald
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marina N Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Rivera
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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