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Noujaim J, Thway K, Bajwa Z, Bajwa A, Maki RG, Jones RL, Keller C. Epithelioid Sarcoma: Opportunities for Biology-Driven Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:186. [PMID: 26347853 PMCID: PMC4538302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a soft tissue sarcoma of children and young adults for which the preferred treatment for localized disease is wide surgical resection. Medical management is to a great extent undefined, and therefore for patients with regional and distal metastases, the development of targeted therapies is greatly desired. In this review, we will summarize clinically relevant biomarkers (e.g., SMARCB1, CA125, dysadherin, and others) with respect to targeted therapeutic opportunities. We will also examine the role of EGFR, mTOR, and polykinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib) in the management of local and disseminated disease. Toward building a consortium of pharmaceutical, academic, and non-profit collaborators, we will discuss the state of resources for investigating ES with respect to cell line resources, tissue banks, and registries so that a roadmap can be developed toward effective biology-driven therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zia Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Ayeza Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Adult and Paediatric Sarcoma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
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Kusabe Y, Kawashima H, Ogose A, Sasaki T, Ariizumi T, Hotta T, Endo N. Effect of temozolomide on the viability of musculoskeletal sarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2511-2518. [PMID: 26622881 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal sarcomas (MSS) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with relatively high mortality rates. The prognosis for patients with MSS is poor, with few drugs inducing measurable activity. Alkylating agents, namely ifosfamide and dacarbazine, which act nonspecifically on proliferating cells, are the typical therapy prescribed for advanced MSS. A novel alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), has several advantages over existing alkylating agents. TMZ induces the formation of O6-methylguanine in DNA, thereby inducing mismatches during DNA replication and the subsequent activation of apoptotic pathways. However, due to conflicting data in the literature, the mechanism of TMZ action has remained elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate apoptosis in MSS cells treated with TMZ, and to evaluate the correlation between TMZ action and survival pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Cell proliferation was evaluated by performing an XTT (sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) assay. Apoptotic morphological changes, for example chromatin condensation, were evaluated by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins caspase-3, poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP), Akt and ERK1/2, was determined by western blotting. The results of the present study indicated that, in certain MSS cells, the IC50 value was lower than that in TMZ-sensitive U-87 MG cells. Furthermore, TMZ treatment was associated with apoptotic morphological changes and the expression levels of pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were also increased in TMZ-treated MSS cells. In addition, the results indicated that PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK were constitutively phosphorylated in MSS cells, and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt was suppressed in certain cells, and maintained in other cells, by TMZ. These observations emphasized the plasticity of MSS cells, and suggested that this plasticity may contribute to the variance in cell sensitivity to TMZ and TMZ-resistance in MSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kusabe
- School of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Ogose
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Taro Sasaki
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ariizumi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hotta
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
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Wang H, Zhai Z, Li N, Jin H, Chen J, Yuan S, Wang L, Zhang J, Li Y, Yun J, Fan J, Yi J, Ling R. Steroidal saponin of Trillium tschonoskii. Reverses multidrug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:985-991. [PMID: 23786867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Combating with multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major part of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemotherapy. Steroidal saponin from Trillium tschonoskii (TTS) could be a potential weapon. We found TTS could reverse the MDR in HCC cells and significantly enhance chemosensitization. TTS inhibited HepG2 and R-HepG2 cells survival in a dose-dependent manner by 75% and 76%, respectively (p<0.01), as well as colony formation 77% and 81% (p<0.01). Moreover, TTS induced sensitization of R-HepG2 to anti-cancer drugs, indicated by significantly reduced IC50. On the other hand, TTS suppressed expression of P-glucoprotein in MDR HCC cells, and thereby increased accumulation of doxorubicin from 126 ng/10(5)cells to 752 ng/10(5)cells (p<0.01). TTS also repressed expression of many other MDR genes, such as MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP5, MVP and GST-π. In vivo, TTS dose-dependently reduced R-HepG2 cells xenografts tumour formation by inhibiting tumour cells proliferation in mice. Consistence with in vitro finding, TTS induced R-HepG2 sensitization to doxorubicin and therefore reduced tumour formation in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Saponins/therapeutic use
- Steroids/pharmacology
- Steroids/therapeutic use
- Trillium/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, PR China
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Serum CA 125 expression as a tumor marker for diagnosis and monitoring the clinical course of epithelioid sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:457-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The spread of parasitic resistance has necessitated the development of new drugs and drug targets for the treatment of malaria. Microtubules, which have gained outstanding importance as target molecules for the development of anticancer drugs, are likely to be potent antimalarial targets. The clinical implementation of microtubule inhibitors has given rise to a detailed mechanistic understanding of their interaction with tubulin on the molecular level and their effects on the cellular level. By comparison, our knowledge on Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most severe form of malaria, is rather poor. This article gives an overview on the microtubule inhibitors that have been explored in the parasite, reviews their effects on parasite growth and assesses their potential as novel antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kappes
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Abteilung für Parasitologie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Komdeur R, Plaat BEC, van der Graaf WTA, Hoekstra HJ, Hollema H, van den Berg E, Zwart N, Scheper RJ, Molenaar WM. Expression of multidrug resistance proteins, P-gp, MRP1 and LRP, in soft tissue sarcomas analysed according to their histological type and grade. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39:909-16. [PMID: 12706359 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biological behaviour of different histological types and grades of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) varies. This might result in a differing sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Cross-resistance to functionally and structurally distinct natural-product drugs, known as multidrug resistance (MDR), is associated with the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and lung resistance-related protein (LRP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of P-gp, MRP1 and LRP in STS according to their histological type and grade. In 141 chemotherapy-naive STS patients, the expression of the three MDR proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Nine histological types were documented. These were 19% grade 1, 34% grade 2 and 47% grade 3 tumours. Expression of P-gp and LRP was observed more frequently than the expression of MRP1 (P<0.0001). P-gp expression was most pronounced in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), but was low in leiomyosarcomas. MRP1 was expressed in most malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST). LRP was strongly expressed in MFH and unspecified sarcomas, but was low in liposarcomas. MRP1 and LRP expression was significantly more common in grades 2 and 3 compared with grade 1 tumours. P-gp expression was correlated with MRP1, especially in grade 3 STS. In conclusion, P-gp, MRP1 and LRP are expressed in the majority of STS, but this expression varies according to the histological type. MRP1 and LRP, but not P-gp expression, were found to be correlated to tumour grade. MDR might contribute to the observed differences in clinical behaviour within the heterogeneous group of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Komdeur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Stein U, Jürchott K, Schläfke M, Hohenberger P. Expression of multidrug resistance genes MVP, MDR1, and MRP1 determined sequentially before, during, and after hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion of soft tissue sarcoma and melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3282-92. [PMID: 12149303 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Isolated, hyperthermic limb perfusion (ILP) with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha and melphalan is a highly effective treatment for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and locoregional metastatic malignant melanoma. Multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated genes are known to be inducible by heat and drugs; expression levels of the major vault protein (MVP), MDR1, and MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1) were determined sequentially before, during, and after ILP of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-one STS or malignant melanoma patients were treated by ILP. Tumor tissue temperatures were recorded continuously and ranged from 33.4 degrees C initially to peak values of 40.4 degrees C during ILP. Serial true-cut biopsy specimens from tumor tissues were routinely microdissected. Expression analyses for MDR genes were performed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In 83% of the patients, MVP expression was induced during hyperthermic ILP. MVP-mRNA inductions often paralleled the increase in temperature during ILP. Increased MVP protein expressions either were observed simultaneously with the MVP-mRNA induction or were delayed until after the induction at the transcriptional level. Inductions of MDR1 and MRP1 were observed in only 13% and 27% of the specimens analyzed. Temperatures and drugs applied preferentially led to an induction of MVP and were not sufficient to induce MDR1 and MRP1 in the majority of tumors. CONCLUSION This study is the first to analyze the expression of MDR-associated genes sequentially during ILP of patients and demonstrates that treatment might lead to increased levels of MVP, whereas enhanced levels of MDR1 and MRP1 remain rare events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Stein
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Charité, Humboldt University, Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert Rössle Hospital and Tumor Institute, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany.
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Banerji N, Li X, Klausner JS, Kapur V, Kanjilal S. Evaluation of in vitro chemosensitivity of vaccine-associated feline sarcoma cell lines to vincristine and paclitaxel. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:728-32. [PMID: 12013475 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the in vitro sensitivity of 4 vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (VAFS) cell lines to the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and paclitaxel. SAMPLE POPULATION Cell lines derived from 4 VAFS specimens. PROCEDURES Cell lines were cultured in vitro and individually exposed to various concentrations of vincristine and paclitaxel. Survival was estimated after 24 and 72 hours of exposure to each drug, and the drug concentrations that resulted in 50 and 90% reduction in number of viable cells (IC50 and IC90, respectively) were calculated. RESULTS Both vincristine and paclitaxel had significant dose-dependent effects on the viability of the VAFS cell lines. After 72 hours of drug exposure, the IC50 and IC90 of vincristine for the 4 cell lines were between 0.005 to 0.039 microg/ml and 0.045 to 1.027 microg/ml, respectively. The IC50 and IC90 values for paclitaxel were between 0.037 to 0.092 microg/ml and 2.450 to 15.413 microg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results of pharmacokinetic studies on vincristine and paclitaxel in other species suggest that concentrations greater than the IC50 values may be possible for both drugs in feline patients as well. The drug concentrations at which viable cell numbers were reduced by 90% may also be attained in vivo for some cases, but detailed information is needed regarding the distribution, concentration, duration of availability, and toxicity of various drugs in cats. Carefully chosen combinations of antineoplastic agents need to be screened to identify treatment protocols that may be further evaluated clinically for the treatment of VAFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Banerji
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA
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