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Gao Y, Cai L, Li D, Li L, Wu Y, Ren W, Song Y, Zhu L, Wu Y, Xu H, Luo C, Wang T, Lei Z, Tao L. Extended characterization of IL-33/ST2 as a predictor for wound age determination in skin wound tissue samples of humans and mice. Int J Legal Med 2023:10.1007/s00414-023-03025-x. [PMID: 37246991 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, an important inflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in skin wound tissue and serum of humans and mice, and plays an essential role in the process of skin wound healing (SWH) dependent on the IL-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) pathway. However, whether IL-33 and ST2 themselves, as well as their interaction, can be applied for skin wound age determination in forensic practice remains incompletely characterized. Human skin samples with injured intervals of a few minutes to 24 hours (hs) and mouse skin samples with injured intervals of 1 h to 14 days (ds) were collected. Herein, the results demonstrated that IL-33 and ST2 are increased in the human skin wounds, and that in mice skin wounds, there is an increase over time, with IL-33 expression peaking at 24 hs and 10 ds, and ST2 expression peaking at 12 hs and 7 ds. Notably, the relative quantity of IL-33 and ST2 proteins < 0.35 suggested a wound age of 3 hs; their relative quantity > 1.0 suggested a wound age of 24 hs post-mouse skin wounds. In addition, immunofluorescent staining results showed that IL-33 and ST2 were consistently expressed in the cytoplasm of F4/80-positive macrophages and CD31-positive vascular endothelial cells with or without skin wounds, whereas nuclear localization of IL-33 was absent in α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts with skin wounds. Interestingly, IL-33 administration facilitated the wound area closure by increasing the proliferation of cytokeratin (K) 14 -positive keratinocytes and vimentin-positive fibroblasts. In contrast, treating with its antagonist (i.e., anti-IL-33) or receptor antagonist (e.g., anti-ST2) exacerbated the aforementioned pathological changes. Moreover, treatment with IL-33 combined with anti-IL-33 or anti-ST2 reversed the effect of IL-33 on facilitating skin wound closure, suggesting that IL-33 administration facilitated skin wound closure through the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings indicate that the detection of IL-33/ST2 might be a reliable biomarker for the determination of skin wound age in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Luwei Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dongya Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulu Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yirui Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Youzhuang Wu
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziguang Lei
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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2
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Toma L, Vignali G, Maffioli E, Tambuzzi S, Giaccari R, Mattarozzi M, Nonnis S, Milioli M, Franceschetti L, Paredi G, Negri A, Riccardi B, Cattaneo C, Careri M, Tedeschi G, Bruno S. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic strategy for ecchymotic skin examination in forensic pathology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6116. [PMID: 37059833 PMCID: PMC10104867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has recently attracted the attention from forensic pathologists. This work is the first report of the development of a shotgun bottom-up proteomic approach based on rapid protein extraction and nano-liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry applied to full-thickness human skin for the differential analysis of normal and ecchymotic tissues to identify new biomarkers for bruise characterization and dating. We identified around 2000 proteins from each pooled extract. The method showed excellent precision on independent replicates, with Pearson correlation coefficients always higher than 95%. Glycophorin A, a known biomarker of vital wounds from immunochemical studies, was identified only in ecchymotic tissues, as confirmed by Western blotting analysis. This finding suggests that this protein can be used as a MS-detectable biomarker of wound vitality. By focusing on skin samples from individuals with known wound dating, besides Glycophorin A, other proteins differentially expressed in ecchymotic samples and dependant on wound age were identified, although further analysis on larger datasets are needed to validate these findings. This study paves the way for an in-depth investigation of the potential of MS-based techniques for wound examination in forensic pathology, overcoming the limitations of immunochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Toma
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Vignali
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Tambuzzi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Giaccari
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
- CRC Innovation for Well-Being and Environment (I-WE), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Milioli
- Department of Pharmacokinetic, Biochemistry and Metabolism, Global Research and Preclinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici Spa, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Paredi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Benedetta Riccardi
- Department of Pharmacokinetic, Biochemistry and Metabolism, Global Research and Preclinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici Spa, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900, Lodi, Italy
- CRC Innovation for Well-Being and Environment (I-WE), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
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3
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Cao J, An G, Li J, Wang L, Ren K, Du Q, Yun K, Wang Y, Sun J. Combined metabolomics and tandem machine-learning models for wound age estimation: a novel analytical strategy. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:50-61. [PMID: 37415796 PMCID: PMC10265958 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound age estimation is one of the most challenging and indispensable issues for forensic pathologists. Although many methods based on physical findings and biochemical tests can be used to estimate wound age, an objective and reliable method for inferring the time interval after injury remains difficult. In the present study, endogenous metabolites of contused skeletal muscle were investigated to estimate the time interval after injury. Animal model of skeletal muscle injury was established using Sprague-Dawley rat, and the contused muscles were sampled at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 h postcontusion (n = 9). Then, the samples were analysed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 43 differential metabolites in contused muscle were determined by metabolomics method. They were applied to construct a two-level tandem prediction model for wound age estimation based on multilayer perceptron algorithm. As a result, all muscle samples were eventually divided into the following subgroups: 4, 8, 12, 16-20, 24-32, 36-40, and 44-48 h. The tandem model exhibited a robust performance and achieved a prediction accuracy of 92.6%, which was much higher than that of the single model. In summary, the multilayer perceptron-multilayer perceptron tandem machine-learning model based on metabolomics data can be used as a novel strategy for wound age estimation in future forensic casework. Key Points The changes of metabolite profile were correlated with the time interval after injury in contused skeletal muscle.A panel of 43 endogenous metabolites screened by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry could distinguish the wound ages.The multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm exhibited a robust performance in wound age estimation using metabolites.The combination of matabolomics and MLP-MLP tandem model could improve the accuracy of inferring the time interval after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Kang Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yingyuan Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
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Vignali G, Franceschetti L, Attisano GCL, Cattaneo C. Assessing wound vitality in decomposed bodies: a review of the literature. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:459-470. [PMID: 36550324 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The capability of discriminating between a vital and a post-mortem injury has always been a central theme in forensic pathology, particularly when the corpse is an advanced state of decomposition. Post-mortem decay of the body can mask or disrupt the classical features of a skin lesion, making it difficult to establish the cause and manner of death. Taphonomically challenging situations pose several interpretative issues of skin lesions which need to be addressed with scientifically recent methods that are still limited in the forensic literature. For that reason, the present research aims at resuming what is currently available in the attempt to provide some insight regarding this topic. This review considers only original researches, in which the markers of vitality were studied a significant amount of time after death, in order to test post-mortem persistency of these markers over time. A number of 132 original articles and reviews were considered, and the most significant results are resumed in an overview table and in two intuitive figures. Though many researchers tried to establish the vitality of lesions in specimen, few analysed samples from bodies when a significant degree of putrefaction or burning had occurred. The most significant marker proved to be GPA, which sowed a satisfying persistence over time (up to 6 months in air putrefaction and 15 days in water). However, what clearly emerged is that further studies are needed to address the challenges of taphonomically transformed specimen and to possibly neutralize the variability of experimental conditions, which affect the reproducibility of results. In conclusion, this study could be a starting point for providing food for thoughts about the most useful markers to search for in unusually tricky autopsy cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vignali
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- LABANOF (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlo Lanza Attisano
- LABANOF (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Novel Prediction Method Applied to Wound Age Estimation: Developing a Stacking Ensemble Model to Improve Predictive Performance Based on Multi-mRNA. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030395. [PMID: 36766500 PMCID: PMC9914838 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Accurate diagnosis of wound age is crucial for investigating violent cases in forensic practice. However, effective biomarkers and forecast methods are lacking. (2) Methods: Samples were collected from rats divided randomly into control and contusion groups at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h post-injury. The characteristics of concern were nine mRNA expression levels. Internal validation data were used to train different machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), gradient boosting (GB), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD), to predict wound age. These models were considered the base learners, which were then applied to developing 26 stacking ensemble models combining two, three, four, or five base learners. The best-performing stacking model and base learner were evaluated through external validation data. (3) Results: The best results were obtained using a stacking model of RF + SVM + MLP (accuracy = 92.85%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.93, root-mean-square-error (RMSE) = 1.06 h). The wound age prediction performance of the stacking models was also confirmed for another independent dataset. (4) Conclusions: We illustrate that machine learning techniques, especially ensemble algorithms, have a high potential to be used to predict wound age. According to the results, the strategy can be applied to other types of forensic forecasts.
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Estimation of Early Postmortem Interval from Long Noncoding RNA Gene Expression in the Incised Cutaneous Wound: An Experimental Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112919. [PMID: 36428487 PMCID: PMC9687757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of alteration of postmortem RNA expression has forensic significance in estimating postmortem interval. To evaluate wound healing progression and the effect of different postmortem intervals, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, and long noncoding fatty acid oxidation (lncFAO), RNA expression was assessed in the incised cutaneous wound model. A full-thickness cutaneous wound was inflicted on 75 rats. All 15 rats were sacrificed at different post-infliction intervals (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 days), and the cutaneous wounds (n = 5) were excised at different postmortem intervals (0, 5, and 24 h after euthanasia). The maximal inflammatory healing stage was detected at day 4 post-infliction, while near complete healing, thick mature collagen deposition was detected at day 10 post-infliction. LncFAO expression was significantly over-expressed with increasing wound age. MMP-9 was detectable on injury day with continuous elevation until 8 days post-wounding, which later decreased. Although histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations within 24 h postmortem did not show any remarkable changes, lncFAO RNA expression showed a significant negative correlation with hours passed since death. The combined use of histopathological changes, immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9, and molecular expression of lncFAO could be appropriate in wound dating verification. Among these factors, lncFAO could be a reliable indicator in postmortem interval estimation.
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Kumar L, Bisen M, Khan A, Kumar P, Patel SKS. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102477. [PMID: 36289739 PMCID: PMC9598837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, injury, stiffness, and bone loss. The prevalence of these conditions is frequent among elderly populations with significant mobility and mortality rates. This may lead to extreme discomfort and detrimental effect on the patient’s health and socioeconomic situation. Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and soft tissue are vital for body function and movement. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulatory proteases involved in synthesizing, degrading, and remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) components. By modulating ECM reconstruction, cellular migration, and differentiation, MMPs preserve myofiber integrity and homeostasis. In this review, the role of MMPs in skeletal muscle function, muscle injury and repair, skeletal muscle inflammation, and muscular dystrophy and future approaches for MMP-based therapies in musculoskeletal disorders are discussed at the cellular and molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.); Tel.: +91-017-9235-0000 (L.K.)
| | - Monish Bisen
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Azhar Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.); Tel.: +91-017-9235-0000 (L.K.)
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8
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Maiese A, Manetti AC, Iacoponi N, Mezzetti E, Turillazzi E, Di Paolo M, La Russa R, Frati P, Fineschi V. State-of-the-Art on Wound Vitality Evaluation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6881. [PMID: 35805886 PMCID: PMC9266385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitality demonstration refers to determining if an injury has been caused ante- or post-mortem, while wound age means to evaluate how long a subject has survived after the infliction of an injury. Histology alone is not enough to prove the vitality of a lesion. Recently, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology have been introduced in the field of lesions vitality and age demonstration. The study was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) protocol. The search terms were "wound", "lesion", "vitality", "evaluation", "immunohistochemistry", "proteins", "electrolytes", "mRNAs", and "miRNAs" in the title, abstract, and keywords. This evaluation left 137 scientific papers. This review aimed to collect all the knowledge on vital wound demonstration and provide a temporal distribution of the methods currently available, in order to determine the age of lesions, thus helping forensic pathologists in finding a way through the tangled jungle of wound vitality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Naomi Iacoponi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Eleonora Mezzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Ren K, Wang L, Wang Y, An G, Du Q, Cao J, Jin Q, Yun K, Guo Z, Wang Y, Liang Q, Sun J. Wound age estimation based on next-generation sequencing: Fitting the optimal index system using machine learning. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 59:102722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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De Simone S, Giacani E, Bosco MA, Vittorio S, Ferrara M, Bertozzi G, Cipolloni L, La Russa R. The Role of miRNAs as New Molecular Biomarkers for Dating the Age of Wound Production: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:803067. [PMID: 35096893 PMCID: PMC8795691 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.803067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of wounds production is a significant issue in forensic pathology. Although various methods have been evaluated, obtaining an accurate dating of lesions is still a challenge. The pathologist uses many parameters to value wound age, such as histological and immunohistochemical. In recent years, there have been many studies regarding the use of miRNAs in wound-age estimation; indeed, miRNAs have multiple potential uses in forensic pathology. SCOPE This review aims to verify the efficacy and feasibility of miRNAs as a tool for determining the timing of lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed was used as a search engine to find articles published between January, 1st 2016 and October, 1st 2021, to evaluate the current state of the art regarding wound-age estimation. RESULTS A total of 256 articles were collected; after screening according to PRISMA guidelines, the systematic review included 8 articles. The studies included in this review were all Original articles evaluating the use of biomarkers for wound-age determination. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The literature review showed that analysis of miRNA is an innovative field of study with significant potentiality in forensic pathology. There are few studies, and almost all of them are at an early stage. The challenge is to understand how to standardize the samples' selection to obtain reliable experimental data. This observation represents a necessary prerequisite to planning further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Simone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elena Giacani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Bosco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Vittorio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Bertozzi G, Ferrara M, La Russa R, Pollice G, Gurgoglione G, Frisoni P, Alfieri L, De Simone S, Neri M, Cipolloni L. Wound Vitality in Decomposed Bodies: New Frontiers Through Immunohistochemistry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:802841. [PMID: 35004780 PMCID: PMC8739223 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.802841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The question about wound vitality and the estimation of wound age of production are two of the classic investigation fields of forensic sciences. To answer this, the techniques most frequently used in research studies are immunohistochemistry (IHC), molecular biology, and biochemistry. Despite the great data on the literature about the usefulness of IHC in forensic pathology, there is always a request for further studies, especially on tissues altered by putrefactive phenomena. In fact, the degradation of the tissues is intended as the main limiting factor to the use of this technique. Scope: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical behavior of samples collected from decomposed bodies (in different putrefaction phases) and to relate these findings to wound vitality and postmortem interval. Materials and Methods: Samples of skin and soft tissues were collected during autopsies, which were executed on decomposed bodies, whose cause of death was concluded to be traumatic. An immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies against CD15, CD45, IL-15, tryptase, and glycophorin-A MMPs (endopeptidases involved in degrading extracellular matrix proteins: MMP-9 and MMP-2). An immunohistochemistry (IHC) reaction was evaluated according to a qualitative method as the following legend: (0): not expressed, (+): isolated and disseminated expression, (++): expression in groups or widespread foci, and (+++): widespread expression. Results: Most of the tested markers (tryptase, glycophorin, IL15, CD 15, CD 45, and MMP9) showed to be highly expressed in the tissue of putrefied skin for 15 days. Discussion and Conclusion: Although certainly inconclusive, this experimental application demonstrated that a nonexclusive but combined use of multiple antibodies is appropriate to verify wound vitality in decomposed bodies. Among them, GPA exhibited major reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bertozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pollice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gurgoglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Alfieri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania De Simone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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