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Almaguer J, Hindle A, Lawrence JJ. The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1921. [PMID: 38001775 PMCID: PMC10669734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that vitamin A (VA) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of VA in the brain, serves distinct roles in the human hippocampus. Agonists of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), including ATRA, promote activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway by enhancing expression of α-secretases, providing a mechanistic basis for delaying/preventing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. However, whether ATRA is actually deficient in the hippocampi of patients with AD is not clear. Here, using a publicly available human transcriptomic dataset, we evaluated the extent to which ATRA-sensitive genes are dysregulated in hippocampal tissue from post-mortem AD brains, relative to age-matched controls. Consistent with ATRA deficiency, we found significant dysregulation of many ATRA-sensitive genes and significant upregulation of RAR co-repressors, supporting the idea of transcriptional repression of ATRA-mediated signaling. Consistent with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Nrf2 and NfkB transcripts were upregulated, respectively. Interestingly, transcriptional targets of Nrf2 were not upregulated, accompanied by upregulation of several histone deacetylases. Overall, our investigation of ATRA-sensitive genes in the human hippocampus bolsters the scientific premise of ATRA depletion in AD and that epigenetic factors should be considered and addressed as part of VA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Almaguer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, and Center of Excellence for Integrated Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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2
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He YJ, Cong L, Liang SL, Ma X, Tian JN, Li H, Wu Y. Discovery and validation of Ferroptosis-related molecular patterns and immune characteristics in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1056312. [PMID: 36506471 PMCID: PMC9727409 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1056312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully elucidated. Much evidence suggests that Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD, but little is known about its molecular immunological mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively analyse and explore the molecular mechanisms and immunological features of Ferroptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis of AD. Materials and methods We obtained the brain tissue dataset for AD from the GEO database and downloaded the Ferroptosis-related gene set from FerrDb for analysis. The most relevant Hub genes for AD were obtained using two machine learning algorithms (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multiple support vector machine recursive feature elimination (mSVM-RFE)). The study of the Hub gene was divided into two parts. In the first part, AD patients were genotyped by unsupervised cluster analysis, and the different clusters' immune characteristics were analysed. A PCA approach was used to quantify the FRGscore. In the second part: we elucidate the biological functions involved in the Hub genes and their role in the immune microenvironment by integrating algorithms (GSEA, GSVA and CIBERSORT). Analysis of Hub gene-based drug regulatory networks and mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks using Cytoscape. Hub genes were further analysed using logistic regression models. Results Based on two machine learning algorithms, we obtained a total of 10 Hub genes. Unsupervised clustering successfully identified two different clusters, and immune infiltration analysis showed a significantly higher degree of immune infiltration in type A than in type B, indicating that type A may be at the peak of AD neuroinflammation. Secondly, a Hub gene-based Gene-Drug regulatory network and a ceRNA regulatory network were successfully constructed. Finally, a logistic regression algorithm-based AD diagnosis model and Nomogram diagram were developed. Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the role of Ferroptosis-related molecular patterns and immune mechanisms in AD, as well as providing a theoretical basis for the addition of diagnostic markers for AD.
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3
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Ibi D, Kondo S, Ohmi A, Kojima Y, Nakasai G, Takaba R, Hiramatsu M. Preventive Effect of Betaine Against Cognitive Impairments in Amyloid β Peptide-Injected Mice Through Sirtuin1 in Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2333-2344. [PMID: 35597887 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, the deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is associated with oxidative stress, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We have already reported that betaine (glycine betaine), an osmolyte and methyl donor in cells, prevents the development of cognitive impairment in mice with intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, an active fragment of Aβ, associated with oxidative stress in the hippocampus, but molecular mechanisms of betaine remain to be determined. Here, to investigate a key molecule underlying the preventive effect of betaine against cognitive impairments in Aβ25-35-injected mice, cognitive tests and qPCR assays were performed in Aβ25-35-injected mice with continuous betaine intake, in which intake was started a day before Aβ25-35 injection, and then continued for 8 days. The Aβ25-35 injection impaired short-term and object recognition memories in the Y-maze and object recognition tests, respectively. PCR assays revealed the down-regulation of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that mediates metabolic responses, in the hippocampus of Aβ25-35-injected mice, whereas betaine intake prevented memory deficits as well as the decrease of hippocampal SIRT1 expression in Aβ25-35-injected mice. Further, sirtinol, an inhibitor of the Sirtuin family, blocked the preventive effect of betaine against memory deficits. On the other hand, resveratrol, the potent compound that activates SIRT1, also prevented memory impairments in Aβ25-35-injected mice, suggesting that SIRT1 plays a causative role in the preventive effect of betaine against memory deficits caused by Aβ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Sari Kondo
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Ayano Ohmi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yuya Kojima
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Genki Nakasai
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Rika Takaba
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
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4
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Prendecki M, Kowalska M, Toton E, Kozubski W. Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:238-258. [PMID: 32321403 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200422152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases. The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Toton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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5
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Evaluation of the Common Molecular Basis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153730. [PMID: 31366155 PMCID: PMC6695669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders related to aging. Though several risk factors are shared between these two diseases, the exact relationship between them is still unknown. In this paper, we analyzed how these two diseases relate to each other from the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic viewpoints. Using an extensive literature mining, we first accumulated the list of genes from major genome-wide association (GWAS) studies. Based on these GWAS studies, we observed that only one gene (HLA-DRB5) was shared between AD and PD. A subsequent literature search identified a few other genes involved in these two diseases, among which SIRT1 seemed to be the most prominent one. While we listed all the miRNAs that have been previously reported for AD and PD separately, we found only 15 different miRNAs that were reported in both diseases. In order to get better insights, we predicted the gene co-expression network for both AD and PD using network analysis algorithms applied to two GEO datasets. The network analysis revealed six clusters of genes related to AD and four clusters of genes related to PD; however, there was very low functional similarity between these clusters, pointing to insignificant similarity between AD and PD even at the level of affected biological processes. Finally, we postulated the putative epigenetic regulator modules that are common to AD and PD.
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6
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Yao P, Li Y, Yang Y, Yu S, Chen Y. Triptolide Improves Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats with Vascular Dementia by Activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1977-1985. [PMID: 31236795 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F has been exploited as a treatment for several diseases due to its neuroprotective, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Triptolide is one of its key bioactive compounds. Currently, the role of triptolide in cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Here, the role of triptolide on cognitive dysfunction was investigated using chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced vascular dementia (VD) rat model. SD rats were administrated with Triptolide (5 μg/kg) for 6 weeks after undergoing permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The results show that triptolide treatment conferred neuroprotective effects in VD rats. Intraperitoneal injection of triptolide attenuated oxidative stress, learning and memory deficits, and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampi. Moreover, triptolide enhanced the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, ZO-1, Claudin-5, and decreased the serum levels of NSE and S100B significantly. It also improved CCH-induced learning and memory deficits, and this is attributed to its capacity to promote SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling, confer antioxidant effects, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. These findings indicate that triptolide may be an effective therapeutic agent for vascular cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shuchun Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Key of Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Province Key of Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Nanchang, China.
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7
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Specific alterations in the circulating levels of the SIRT1, TLR4, and IL7 proteins in patients with dementia. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Rizzi L, Roriz-Cruz M. Sirtuin 1 and Alzheimer's disease: An up-to-date review. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:54-60. [PMID: 30007474 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate a large number of cellular pathways and are related to aging and age-associated diseases. In recent years, the role of sirtuins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly apparent. Growing evidence demonstrates that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates many processes that go amiss in AD, such as: APP processing, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we review how SIRT1 affects AD and cognition, the main mechanisms in which SIRT1 is related to AD pathology, and its importance for the prevention and possible diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liara Rizzi
- Division of Geriatric Neurology, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Roriz-Cruz
- Division of Geriatric Neurology, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil
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9
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Knowledge-Based Neuroendocrine Immunomodulation (NIM) Molecular Network Construction and Its Application. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061312. [PMID: 29848990 PMCID: PMC6099962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that the neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) network plays an important role in maintaining and modulating body function and the homeostasis of the internal environment. The disequilibrium of NIM in the body is closely associated with many diseases. In the present study, we first collected a core dataset of NIM signaling molecules based on our knowledge and obtained 611 NIM signaling molecules. Then, we built a NIM molecular network based on the MetaCore database and analyzed the signaling transduction characteristics of the core network. We found that the endocrine system played a pivotal role in the bridge between the nervous and immune systems and the signaling transduction between the three systems was not homogeneous. Finally, employing the forest algorithm, we identified the molecular hub playing an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), based on the NIM molecular network constructed by us. The results showed that GSK3B, SMARCA4, PSMD7, HNF4A, PGR, RXRA, and ESRRA might be the key molecules for RA, while RARA, STAT3, STAT1, and PSMD14 might be the key molecules for AD. The molecular hub may be a potentially druggable target for these two complex diseases based on the literature. This study suggests that the NIM molecular network in this paper combined with the forest algorithm might provide a useful tool for predicting drug targets and understanding the pathogenesis of diseases. Therefore, the NIM molecular network and the corresponding online tool will not only enhance research on complex diseases and system biology, but also promote the communication of valuable clinical experience between modern medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
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10
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Razi S, Cogger VC, Kennerson M, Benson VL, McMahon AC, Blyth FM, Handelsman DJ, Seibel MJ, Hirani V, Naganathan V, Waite L, de Cabo R, Cumming RG, Le Couteur DG. SIRT1 Polymorphisms and Serum-Induced SIRT1 Protein Expression in Aging and Frailty: The CHAMP Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:870-876. [PMID: 28329314 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutrient sensing protein, SIRT1 influences aging and nutritional interventions such as caloric restriction in animals, however, the role of SIRT1 in human aging remains unclear. Here, the role of SIRT1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum-induced SIRT1 protein expression (a novel assay that detects circulating factors that influence SIRT1 expression in vitro) were studied in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP), a prospective cohort of community dwelling men aged 70 years and older. Serum-induced SIRT1 expression was not associated with age or mortality, however participants within the lowest quintile were less likely to be frail (odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.69, N = 1,309). Serum-induced SIRT1 expression was associated with some markers of body composition and nutrition (height, weight, body fat and lean % mass, albumin, and cholesterol) but not disease. SIRT1 SNPs rs2273773, rs3740051, and rs3758391 showed no association with age, frailty, or mortality but were associated with weight, height, body fat and lean, and albumin levels. There were some weak associations between SIRT1 SNPs and arthritis, heart attack, deafness, and cognitive impairment. There was no association between SIRT1 SNPs and the serum-induced SIRT1 assay. SIRT1 SNPs and serum-induced SIRT1 expression in older men may be more closely associated with nutrition and body composition than aging and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajjia Razi
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute and
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute and.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Vicky L Benson
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aisling C McMahon
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasikaran Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and the Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute and.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Lipovich L, Hou ZC, Jia H, Sinkler C, McGowen M, Sterner KN, Weckle A, Sugalski AB, Pipes L, Gatti DL, Mason CE, Sherwood CC, Hof PR, Kuzawa CW, Grossman LI, Goodman M, Wildman DE. High-throughput RNA sequencing reveals structural differences of orthologous brain-expressed genes between western lowland gorillas and humans. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:288-308. [PMID: 26132897 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human brain and human cognitive abilities are strikingly different from those of other great apes despite relatively modest genome sequence divergence. However, little is presently known about the interspecies divergence in gene structure and transcription that might contribute to these phenotypic differences. To date, most comparative studies of gene structure in the brain have examined humans, chimpanzees, and macaque monkeys. To add to this body of knowledge, we analyze here the brain transcriptome of the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), an African great ape species that is phylogenetically closely related to humans, but with a brain that is approximately one-third the size. Manual transcriptome curation from a sample of the planum temporale region of the neocortex revealed 12 protein-coding genes and one noncoding-RNA gene with exons in the gorilla unmatched by public transcriptome data from the orthologous human loci. These interspecies gene structure differences accounted for a total of 134 amino acids in proteins found in the gorilla that were absent from protein products of the orthologous human genes. Proteins varying in structure between human and gorilla were involved in immunity and energy metabolism, suggesting their relevance to phenotypic differences. This gorilla neocortical transcriptome comprises an empirical, not homology- or prediction-driven, resource for orthologous gene comparisons between human and gorilla. These findings provide a unique repository of the sequences and structures of thousands of genes transcribed in the gorilla brain, pointing to candidate genes that may contribute to the traits distinguishing humans from other closely related great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Zhuo-Cheng Hou
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,Department of Animal Genetics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Christopher Sinkler
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Michael McGowen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin N Sterner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403
| | - Amy Weckle
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Amara B Sugalski
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Lenore Pipes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Domenico L Gatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and the Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, 10024
| | | | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Morris Goodman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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12
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Giordano Attianese GMP, Desvergne B. Integrative and systemic approaches for evaluating PPARβ/δ (PPARD) function. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2015; 13:e001. [PMID: 25945080 PMCID: PMC4419664 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation, development, metabolism and also tumorigenesis. Three PPAR isotypes (α, β/δ and γ) have been identified, among which PPARβ/δ is the most difficult to functionally examine due to its tissue-specific diversity in cell fate determination, energy metabolism and housekeeping activities. PPARβ/δ acts both in a ligand-dependent and -independent manner. The specific type of regulation, activation or repression, is determined by many factors, among which the type of ligand, the presence/absence of PPARβ/δ-interacting corepressor or coactivator complexes and PPARβ/δ protein post-translational modifications play major roles. Recently, new global approaches to the study of nuclear receptors have made it possible to evaluate their molecular activity in a more systemic fashion, rather than deeply digging into a single pathway/function. This systemic approach is ideally suited for studying PPARβ/δ, due to its ubiquitous expression in various organs and its overlapping and tissue-specific transcriptomic signatures. The aim of the present review is to present in detail the diversity of PPARβ/δ function, focusing on the different information gained at the systemic level, and describing the global and unbiased approaches that combine a systems view with molecular understanding.
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Luo CY, Liu CW, Ge L, Pang GF, Yang M, Hu CY, Lv ZP, Chen NY, Li HY, Wu HY, Wang YY, Yin RX, Pan SL, Peng JH. PPARD +294C overrepresentation in general and long-lived population in China Bama longevity area and unique relationships between PPARD +294T/C polymorphism and serum lipid profiles. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:17. [PMID: 25873088 PMCID: PMC4356147 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The +294T/C polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) gene is associated with hyperlipidemia in several younger populations, but results are still inconsistence across ethnic groups and its possible impact on the lipid profiles of long-lived individuals remains unexploited. Here, we aimed to evaluate the possible correlation between PPARD +294T/C and serum lipid levels in a long-lived population in Bama, a region known for longevity situated in Guangxi, China. Methods Genotyping of PPARD +294T/C polymorphism was conducted in 505 long-lived inhabitants (aged 90 and above, long-lived group, LG) and 468 healthy controls (aged 60–75, non-long-lived group, non-LG) recruited from Bama area. Results No difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, C-allele and C-genotype (TC and CC) were significantly more frequent in the females of non-LG than were LG after sex stratification. CC carriers exhibited higher LDL-C level in LG (P < 0.05) but lower TC, TG and LDL-C in non-LG (P < 0.05 for each) than TT carriers; C allele carriers (TC/CC) in LG exhibited higher TC, TG, and LDL-C levels as compared with the same genotype and the same lipid parameter in non-LG (P < 0.05 for each). LDL-C in LG was correlated with genotypes while TC, TG, and LDL-C in non-LG were correlated with genotypes (P < 0.05-0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that there were different impact patterns of PPARD +294T/C polymorphism on lipid profiles between long-lived cohort and average population in Bama area and this may be one of the genetic bases of its longevity.
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Besseiche A, Riveline JP, Gautier JF, Bréant B, Blondeau B. Metabolic roles of PGC-1α and its implications for type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:347-57. [PMID: 25753246 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator expressed in brown adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, kidney, skeletal and cardiac muscles, and the brain. This review presents data illustrating how PGC-1α regulates metabolic adaptations and participates in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies in mice have shown that increased PGC-1α expression may be beneficial or deleterious, depending on the tissue: in adipose tissue, it promotes thermogenesis and thus protects against energy overload, such as seen in diabetes and obesity; in muscle, PGC-1α induces a change of phenotype towards oxidative metabolism. In contrast, its role is clearly deleterious in the liver and pancreas, where it induces hepatic glucose production and inhibits insulin secretion, changes that promote diabetes. Previous studies by our group have also demonstrated the role of PGC-1α in the fetal origins of T2D. Overexpression of PGC-1α in β cells during fetal life in mice is sufficient to induce β-cell dysfunction in adults, leading to glucose intolerance. PGC-1α also is associated with glucocorticoid receptors in repressing expression of Pdx1, a key β-cell transcription factor. In conclusion, PGC-1α participates in the onset of diabetes through regulation of major metabolic tissues. Yet, it may not represent a useful target for therapeutic strategies against diabetes as it exerts both beneficial and deleterious actions on glucose homoeostasis, and because PGC-1α modulation is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. However, its role in cellular adaptation shows that greater comprehension of PGC-1α actions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Besseiche
- Inserm, UMR-S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie - Paris 6, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France
| | - J-P Riveline
- Inserm, UMR-S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie - Paris 6, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; University Center of Diabetes and Complications in Lariboisière hospital, Université Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Public Assistance-Paris Hospitals, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-F Gautier
- Inserm, UMR-S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie - Paris 6, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; University Center of Diabetes and Complications in Lariboisière hospital, Université Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Public Assistance-Paris Hospitals, 75010 Paris, France
| | - B Bréant
- Inserm, UMR-S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie - Paris 6, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France
| | - B Blondeau
- Inserm, UMR-S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie - Paris 6, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, 75006 Paris, France.
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Cheng J, Cho M, Cen JM, Cai MY, Xu S, Ma ZW, Liu X, Yang XL, Chen C, Suh Y, Xiong XD. A TagSNP in SIRT1 gene confers susceptibility to myocardial infarction in a Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115339. [PMID: 25706717 PMCID: PMC4338141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 exerts protective effects against endothelial cells dysfunction, inflammation and atherosclerosis, indicating an important role on myocardial infarction (MI) pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the effects of SIRT1 variants on MI risk remain poorly understood. Here we aimed to investigate the influence of SIRT1 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to MI. Genotyping of three tagSNPs (rs7069102, rs3818292 and rs4746720) in SIRT1 gene was performed in a Chinese Han population, consisting of 287 MI cases and 654 control subjects. In a logistic regression analysis, we found that G allele of rs7069102 had increased MI risk with odds ratio (OR) of 1.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-2.16, Bonferroni corrected P (Pc) = 0.015] after adjustment for conventional risk factors compared to C allele. Similarly, the combined CG/GG genotypes was associated with the increased MI risk (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.14-2.35, Pc = 0.021) compared to the CC genotype. Further stratified analysis revealed a more significant association with MI risk among younger subjects (≤ 55 years old). Consistent with these results, the haplotype rs7069102G-rs3818292A-rs4746720T containing the rs7069102 G allele was also associated with the increased MI risk (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09-1.84, Pc = 0.040). However, we did not detect any association of rs3818292 and rs4746720 with MI risk. Our study provides the first evidence that the tagSNP rs7069102 and haplotype rs7069102G-rs3818292A-rs4746720T in SIRT1 gene confer susceptibility to MI in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Miook Cho
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jin-ming Cen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Meng-yun Cai
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Shun Xu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Ze-wei Ma
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xi-li Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yousin Suh
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XDX); (YS)
| | - Xing-dong Xiong
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan, P.R. China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XDX); (YS)
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Exercise-induced neuroprotection of hippocampus in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via upregulation of mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:834502. [PMID: 25538817 PMCID: PMC4236906 DOI: 10.1155/2014/834502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Improving mitochondrial function has been proposed as a reasonable therapeutic strategy to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) load and to modify the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between mitochondrial adaptation and brain neuroprotection caused by physical exercise in AD is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of long-term treadmill exercise on mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) level, mtDNA oxidative damage, and mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. In the present study, twenty weeks of treadmill training significantly improved the cognitive function and reduced the expression of Aβ-42 in APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. Training also ameliorated mitochondrial respiratory function by increasing the complexes I, and IV and ATP synthase activities, whereas it attenuated ROS generation and mtDNA oxidative damage in Tg mice. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial OGG1 activities seen in Tg mice were restored with training. Acetylation level of mitochondrial OGG1 and MnSOD was markedly suppressed in Tg mice after exercise training, in parallel with increased level of SIRT3. These findings suggest that exercise training could increase mtDNA repair capacity in the mouse hippocampus, which in turn would result in protection against AD-related mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotypic deterioration.
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Kedenko L, Lamina C, Kedenko I, Kollerits B, Kiesslich T, Iglseder B, Kronenberg F, Paulweber B. Genetic polymorphisms at SIRT1 and FOXO1 are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in the SAPHIR cohort. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:112. [PMID: 25273948 PMCID: PMC4411770 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background SIRT1 and FOXO1 interact with each other in multiple pathways regulating aging, metabolism and resistance to oxidative stress and control different pathways involved in atherosclerotic process. It is not known, if genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) at the SIRT1 and FOXO1 have an influence on carotid atherosclerosis. Methods Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured on the common and internal carotid arteries. Morphological alterations of the carotid arteries and size of these alterations were included in the B-score grading on a five point scale. Eleven SNPs at SIRT1 and FOXO1 gene loci were genotyped in the SAPHIR cohort (n = 1742). The association of each SNP with common carotid IMT, internal carotid IMT and B-score was analyzed using linear regression models. Results A significant association was found between common carotid IMT and two SNPs at FOXO1 - rs10507486, rs2297627 (beta = -0.00168, p = 0.0007 and beta = -0.00144, p = 0.0008 respectively) and at least a trend for rs12413112 at SIRT1 (beta = 0.00177, p = 0.0157) using an additive model adjusting for age and sex. Additional adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and markers (BMI, smoking status, hypertension, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hsCRP) even improved the strength of this association (p = 0.0037 for SIRT1 and p = 0.0002 for both SNPs at FOXO1). Analysis for internal carotis IMT and B-score did not reveal any significant association. One haplotype in FOXO1 showed a moderate effect on common carotid IMT and B-score in comparison to the reference haplotype of this gene. Several SNPs within SIRT1 showed differential effects for men and women with higher effect sizes for women: rs3740051 on all three investigated phenotypes (interaction p-value < 0.0069); rs2236319 on common and internal carotid IMT (interaction p-value < 0.0083), rs10823108, rs2273773 on common carotid IMT and rs1467568 on B-score (interaction p-value = 0.0007). The latter was significant in women only (betawomen = 0.111, pwomen = 0.00008; betamen = -0.009, pmen = 0.6464). Conclusions This study demonstrated associations of genetic variations at the SIRT1 and FOXO1 loci with carotid atherosclerosis and highlighted the need for further investigation by functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Igor Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Barbara Kollerits
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Ignaz-Harrer-Strasse 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Abstract
Type II diabetes and its complications are a tremendous health burden throughout the world. Our understanding of the changes that lead to glucose imbalance and insulin resistance and ultimately diabetes remain incompletely understood. Many signaling and transcriptional pathways have been identified as being important to maintain normal glucose balance, including that of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1) family. This family of transcriptional coactivators strongly regulates mitochondrial and metabolic biology in numerous organs. The use of genetic models of PGC-1s, including both tissue-specific overexpression and knock-out models, has helped to reveal the specific roles that these coactivators play in each tissue. This review will thus focus on the PGC-1s and recently developed genetic rodent models that have highlighted the importance of these molecules in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C. Rowe
- Cardiovascular Institute and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
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Shibata N, Motoi Y, Tomiyama H, Ohnuma T, Kuerban B, Tomson K, Komatsu M, Shimazaki H, Hattori N, Arai H. Lack of Genetic Associations of PPAR-γ and PGC-1α with Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease with Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2013; 3:161-7. [PMID: 23741228 PMCID: PMC3670632 DOI: 10.1159/000351419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Similar clinical and pathological features have been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). Both the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) gene are candidates modifying the risk for both diseases. The aim of this study was to clarify whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPAR-γ gene and the PGC-1α gene affect the onset of AD and PDD genetically. Methods Four exonic SNPs of both genes (rs1801282 and rs3856806 of the PPAR-γ gene, rs3736265 and rs8192678 of the PGC-1α gene) were genotyped in 171 AD patients, 136 age-matched controls and 53 PDD patients. Haplotype analysis and logistic regression analysis with apolipoprotein E (APO E) status were performed for AD. Results There was no statistical difference between AD cases and controls for the 4 SNPs, nor was there any statistical difference between PDD cases and controls for the 4 SNPs. We could not find any synergetic associations between these SNPs, APO E4 and AD. Conclusions The 4 SNPs studied here did not influence the risk for AD in a Japanese population. As the number of PDD cases was small, comprehensive genetic studies considering diabetes would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Shibata
- Departments of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kedenko L, Lamina C, Kiesslich T, Kapur K, Bergmann S, Waterworth D, Heid IM, Wichmann HE, Kedenko I, Kronenberg F, Paulweber B. Genetic polymorphisms of the main transcription factors for adiponectin gene promoter in regulation of adiponectin levels: association analysis in three European cohorts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52497. [PMID: 23285067 PMCID: PMC3528683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin serum concentrations are an important biomarker in cardiovascular epidemiology with heritability etimates of 30–70%. However, known genetic variants in the adiponectin gene locus (ADIPOQ) account for only 2%–8% of its variance. As transcription factors are thought to play an under-acknowledged role in carrying functional variants, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for the main transcription factors for the ADIPOQ promoter influence adiponectin levels. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at these genes were selected based on the haplotype block structure and previously published evidence to be associated with adiponectin levels. We performed association analyses of the 24 selected SNPs at forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), sterol-regulatory-element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and transcription factor activating enhancer binding protein 2 beta (TFAP2B) gene loci with adiponectin levels in three different European cohorts: SAPHIR (n = 1742), KORA F3 (n = 1636) and CoLaus (n = 5355). In each study population, the association of SNPs with adiponectin levels on log-scale was tested using linear regression adjusted for age, sex and body mass index, applying both an additive and a recessive genetic model. A pooled effect size was obtained by meta-analysis assuming a fixed effects model. We applied a significance threshold of 0.0033 accounting for the multiple testing situation. A significant association was only found for variants within SREBF1 applying an additive genetic model (smallest p-value for rs1889018 on log(adiponectin) = 0.002, β on original scale = −0.217 µg/ml), explaining ∼0.4% of variation of adiponectin levels. Recessive genetic models or haplotype analyses of the FOXO1, SREBF1, SIRT1, TFAPB2B genes or sex-stratified analyses did not reveal additional information on the regulation of adiponectin levels. The role of genetic variations at the SREBF1 gene in regulating adiponectin needs further investigation by functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Kedenko
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail: (FK); (LK)
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karen Kapur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dawn Waterworth
- Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Kedenko
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (FK); (LK)
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
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The Effects of SIRT1 on Alzheimer's Disease Models. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:509529. [PMID: 23251824 PMCID: PMC3518073 DOI: 10.1155/2012/509529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD+-dependent enzymes that were shown to have beneficial effects against age-related diseases. Aging is the major risk factor for all neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Sirtuins have been widely studied in the context of AD using different mouse models. In most of these studies, overexpression of SIRT1 has been shown to have protective effects against AD. Therefore, designing therapeutics based on increasing SIRT1 activity might be important for investigating the ways of treatment for this disease. This paper summarizes the recent research on the effect of SIRT1 in AD animal models and also the potential of SIRT1 being a therapeutical target for AD.
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Clark J, Silvaggi JM, Kiselak T, Zheng K, Clore EL, Dai Y, Bass CE, Simon DK. Pgc-1α overexpression downregulates Pitx3 and increases susceptibility to MPTP toxicity associated with decreased Bdnf. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48925. [PMID: 23145024 PMCID: PMC3492133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms likely contribute to neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD), including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) positively regulates the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis and the cell's antioxidant responses. Also, expression of PGC-1α-regulated genes is low in substantia nigra (SN) neurons in early PD. Thus upregulation of PGC-1α is a candidate neuroprotective strategy in PD. Here, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to induce unilateral overexpression of Pgc-1α, or a control gene, in the SN of wild-type C57BL/6CR mice. Three weeks after AAV administration, mice were treated with saline or MPTP. Overexpression of Pgc-1α in the SN induced expression of target genes, but unexpectedly it also greatly reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and other markers of the dopaminergic phenotype with resultant severe loss of striatal dopamine. Reduced Th expression was associated with loss of Pitx3, a transcription factor that is critical for the development and maintenance of dopaminergic cells. Expression of the neurotrophic factor Bdnf, which also is regulated by Pitx3, similarly was reduced. Overexpression of Pgc-1α also led to increased sensitivity to MPTP-induced death of Th+ neurons. Pgc-1α overexpression alone, in the absence of MPTP treatment, did not lead to cell loss in the SN or to loss of dopaminergic terminals. These data demonstrate that overexpression of Pgc-1α results in dopamine depletion associated with lower levels of Pitx3 and enhances susceptibility to MPTP. These data may have ramifications for neuroprotective strategies targeting overexpression of PGC-1α in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Clark
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Polito L, Kehoe PG, Davin A, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Binetti G, Quadri P, Lucca U, Tettamanti M, Clerici F, Bagnoli S, Galimberti D, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Guaita A, Scarpini E, Mariani C, Forloni G, Albani D. The SIRT2
polymorphism rs10410544 and risk of Alzheimer's disease in two Caucasian case-control cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Neuroscience; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Milan Italy
- Golgi Cenci Foundation; Abbiategrasso Italy
| | - Patrick G. Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group; Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical Science at North Bristol, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neuroscience; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Milan Italy
- Golgi Cenci Foundation; Abbiategrasso Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- NeuroBioGen Lab-Memory Clinic; IRCCS “Centro S.Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli”; Brescia Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Proteomics Unit; IRCCS “Centro S.Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli”; Brescia Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- NeuroBioGen Lab-Memory Clinic; IRCCS “Centro S.Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli”; Brescia Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quadri
- Geriatric Division; Ospedali Regionali of Lugano and Mendrisio; Canton Ticino Switzerland
| | - Ugo Lucca
- Department of Neuroscience; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Milan Italy
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Department of Neuroscience; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Milan Italy
| | | | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Neurological Sciences; “Dino Ferrari” Center, University of Milan; “Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico” Milan Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | | | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Neurological Sciences; “Dino Ferrari” Center, University of Milan; “Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico” Milan Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Milan Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Milan Italy
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Vanden Heuvel JP. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:75-112. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Association of PGC-1alpha polymorphisms with age of onset and risk of Parkinson's disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:69. [PMID: 21595954 PMCID: PMC3112073 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional co-activator of antioxidant genes and a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and recent work suggests a role for PGC-1α. We hypothesized that the rs8192678 PGC-1α single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may influence risk or age of onset of PD. The A10398G mitochondrial SNP has been inversely associated with risk of PD in some studies. In the current study we analyzed whether rs8192678 or other PGC-1α SNPs affect PD risk or age of onset, singularly or in association with the A10398G SNP. Methods Genomic DNA samples from 378 PD patients and 173 age-matched controls were analyzed by multiplexed probe sequencing, followed by statistical analyses of the association of each SNP, alone or in combination, with risk or age of onset of PD. Adjustments were made for age of onset being less than the age of sampling, and for the observed dependence between these two ages. The PD samples were obtained as two separate cohorts, therefore statistical methods accounted for different sampling methods between the two cohorts, and data were analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for sampling in the risk set definition and in the model. Results The rs8192678 PGC-1α SNP was not associated with the risk of PD. However, an association of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG variant with longevity was seen in control subjects (p = 0.019). Exploratory studies indicated that the CC variant of rs6821591 was associated with risk of early onset PD (p = 0.029), with PD age of onset (p = 0.047), and with longevity (p = 0.022). The rs2970848 GG allele was associated with risk of late onset PD (p = 0.027). Conclusions These data reveal possible associations of the PGC-1α SNPs rs6821591 and rs2970848 with risk or age of onset of PD, and of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG and the rs6821591 CC variants with longevity. If replicated in other datasets, these findings may have important implications regarding the role of PGC-1α in PD and longevity.
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Zhang WG, Bai XJ, Chen XM. SIRT1 variants are associated with aging in a healthy Han Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1679-83. [PMID: 20633545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is influenced by diverse environmental and genetic risk factors. The SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) gene has been shown to regulate lifespan and aging in previous studies. We determined whether variation in the SIRT1 gene is associated with aging in healthy Chinese population. METHODS The study population comprised 482 healthy, unrelated Chinese subjects, of which 246 were aging individuals from 60 to 91years old, and 236 younger individuals from 35 and 59years old. All subjects were from Shenyang, China. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed: rs3758391 near the 5' end of the SIRT1 gene; and rs4746720, in the 3' untranslated region. RESULTS Differences in allele and genotype frequency were seen between the groups, with rs3758391/C more common than rs3758391/T in the aging subjects (odds ratio=1.453, p=0.026), and with rs3758391/CC more common than rs3758391/CT and rs3758391/TT in the aging subjects (odds ratio=3.042, p=0.027). For the 3' SNP, rs4746720/C was more common than rs4746720/T in the aging subjects (odds ratio=1.347, p=0.022), and rs4746720/CC was more common than rs4746720/CT and rs4746720/CT in the aging subjects (odds ratio=1.461, p=0.049). The haplotype frequency distribution was also different, with haplotype CC more common in the older group (odds ratio=1.63, p=0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that SIRT1 gene polymorphisms may add a new factor on the multifactorial genetic contributions to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guang Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Lafontaine-Lacasse M, Richard D, Picard F. Effects of age and gender on Sirt 1 mRNA expressions in the hypothalamus of the mouse. Neurosci Lett 2010; 480:1-3. [PMID: 20074616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sirt1 is a NAD-dependent deacetylase that has been shown as a link between energy metabolism and aging. Its putative role as a target for neurodegenerative disorders has recently been suggested; yet, little is known about the changes that occur in Sirt1 levels in the aging brain. Here we show by in situ hybridization that Sirt1 expression is modified in specific areas of the brain in mice upon aging, and that gender also impacts on this regulation. Mice aged 12 and 24 months had a lower Sirt1 expression specifically in the antero ventral thalamic nucleus (AV) and in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) than their young (4mo) counterparts, whereas changes were either not noticeable or not significantly modulated in other parts of the brain. Regulation of Sirt1 mRNA levels in the subfornical organ (SFO) and in the substancia nigra part compacta (SNC) depended on gender. These findings suggest that reduced Sirt1 levels upon aging could contribute to a lower Sirt1 activity, and that specific nuclei might be particularly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lafontaine-Lacasse
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Ch. Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
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Cen Y. Sirtuins inhibitors: the approach to affinity and selectivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:1635-44. [PMID: 19931429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of sirtuins (class III histone deacetylases) in various biological processes. Their potential roles in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases have encouraged scientists to seek potent and selective sirtuin inhibitors to investigate their biological functions with a view to eventual new therapeutic treatments. This article surveys current knowledge of sirtuin inhibitors including those discovered via high-throughput screening (HST) or via mechanism-based drug design from synthetic or natural sources. Their inhibitory affinity, selectivities, and possible inhibition mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Cen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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