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Niedhammer I, Pineau E, Bertrais S, Gallie D. Exploring the employment determinants of job insecurity in the French working population: Evidence from national survey data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287229. [PMID: 37315080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies are lacking on the employment determinants of job insecurity, that may be helpful to determine highly exposed groups and to assess the feasibility of constructing job-exposure matrices (JEMs) for this occupational exposure. The objectives were to explore the employment determinants of job insecurity in a nationally representative sample of the French working population. The study was based on the cross-sectional data of the 2013 national French working conditions survey including a sample of 28,293 employees, 12,283 men and 16,010 women. Job insecurity was assessed using one single item related to the fear of job loss in the next 12 months. Gender, age, and educational level were studied as well as the following employment variables: temporary/permanent work contract, full/part time work, job seniority, occupation, economic activity of the company, public/private sector, and company size. The associations with job insecurity were studied using bivariate and multivariate analyses. One quarter of the study sample was exposed to job insecurity, without any difference between genders. Lower age and lower educational levels were associated with job insecurity. Employees who had a temporary work contract, lower job seniority, who were working in low-skilled occupational groups, in manufacturing (for both genders) and construction (among men), and in the private sector had a higher prevalence of exposure to job insecurity. The two major employment variables associated with job insecurity were temporary work contract (prevalence ratios>2) and private sector (prevalence ratios>1.4) for the whole sample and for both men and women. Our findings suggested that intervention/prevention measures could be oriented towards specific highly exposed groups of the working population, especially those exposed to temporary work contract and/or working in the private sector. Our study also underlined that constructing JEMs for job insecurity may be possible and could be a useful tool for large-scale occupational health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, INSERM, University Angers, University Rennes, EHESP, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Elodie Pineau
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, INSERM, University Angers, University Rennes, EHESP, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Bertrais
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sante, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, INSERM, University Angers, University Rennes, EHESP, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Duncan Gallie
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Le GH, Hermansen Å, Dahl E. Constructing and validating an occupational job strain index based on five Norwegian nationwide surveys of living conditions on work environment. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:50. [PMID: 36609263 PMCID: PMC9825027 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been claimed that Nordic register data are a "goldmine" for research. However, one limitation is the lack of information on working conditions. Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are one solution to this problem. Thus, the three aims of this study were (i) to investigate the reliability of an occupation-based psychosocial JEM, i.e., a Job Strain Index (job strain or JSI abbreviated), (ii) to examine the construct and criterion-related validity of this measure of job strain (iii) and assesses the concurrent and the predictive validity of an occupation-based Job Strain Index for use in analyses of Norwegian register data. METHOD The study utilized five waves of the nationwide Norway Survey of Living Conditions in the Work Environment with a total sample of 43,977 individuals and register data with a total sample of 1,589,535 individuals. Job strain was composed of items belonging to the two dimensions of Karasek's DC model, job demands and job control (1979). The reliability of the JSI and its dimensions and components were investigated by measuring the degree of agreement (Cohen's kappa), sensitivity, specificity, and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion-related validity was measured by concurrent validity and predictive validity. The selected concurrent criteria were self-reported survey information on long-term sick absence, anxiety, depression, and sleeping difficulty. The predictive criteria were register information on receipt of disability benefits, mortality, and long-term sick leave. RESULTS Agreement between individual and occupation-based job strain and components was fair to poor. The sensitivity and specificity of occupation-based job strain and its components varied from acceptable to low. The consistency of the items comprising job demand and job control was clearly acceptable. Regarding concurrent validity, significant associations between (both individual and occupational) job strain, and long-term sick leave and sleeping difficulty were observed for both genders. Occupation-based job strain indicated an elevated risk for anxiety and depression among men, but not among women. As for predictive reliability, significant associations between occupation-based job strain and all three health outcomes were observed for both men and women. CONCLUSION Our occupation-based JSI serves as a reliable and valid indicator of psychosocial job exposure that can be used in analyses of Norwegian register data where individual information on such conditions is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Huong Le
- grid.412414.60000 0000 9151 4445Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund Hermansen
- grid.412414.60000 0000 9151 4445Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Dahl
- grid.412414.60000 0000 9151 4445Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Study of the variation of the 12-month prevalence of exposure to workplace bullying across national French working population subgroups. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:213-224. [PMID: 36056942 PMCID: PMC9905178 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The studies are lacking on the variation of the prevalence of exposure to workplace bullying according to subgroups of national working populations. The objectives were to assess the 12-month prevalence of bullying in the national French working population, to describe the reported reasons for bullying, and to study its variation according to various employment variables. METHODS The study was based on the data of the 2013 national French working conditions survey. The study sample included 25,769 employees aged 15-65 working in the same job within the last 12 months. The 12-month prevalence of bullying was assessed using a 9-item questionnaire. Employment variables included: occupation, economic activity of the company, public/private sector, company size, permanent/temporary work contract, and full/part-time work. The analyses were performed using statistical methods for weighted survey data. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence of bullying was 26.7% and 28.7% for men and women, respectively. The most prevalent forms of bullying were criticisms, exclusion, and deprivation of right of expression. The leading reasons for being bullied were related to occupation, age, and gender. The prevalence of bullying was higher among the younger employees, the employees working in medium/large companies (including the public sector), and among employees working full time. Though significant, the variations according to occupations and economic activities of the company were small. CONCLUSION Workplace bullying appeared as a widespread phenomenon in France. More attention should be given to young employees and the employees working in medium/large companies. Preventive measures should also target the whole working population comprehensively.
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Stevens ML, Karstad K, Januario LB, Mathiassen SE, Rugulies R, Hallman DM, Holtermann A. Nursing Home, Ward and Worker Level Determinants of Perceived Quantitative Work Demands: A Multi-Level Cross-Sectional Analysis in Eldercare. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:1033-1043. [PMID: 35737960 PMCID: PMC9551322 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perceived quantitative demands at work have been associated with poor mental and physical health, long-term sickness absence and subsequent early retirement. Identifying modifiable determinants of perceived quantitative demands at different levels of the organization is key to developing effective interventions. The aim of the study was to identify determinants of perceived quantitative demands at work and examine the extent to which they occur at different levels of the eldercare organisation (i.e. the worker, ward and nursing home levels). Methods We collected data on 383 eldercare workers in 95 wards at 20 nursing homes in Denmark using workplace observations and questionnaires to workers and their managers. Perceived quantitative work demands were assessed using two items from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, II. We identified contributions to overall variability from the three organisational levels using variance components analysis, and examined associations between determinants at these three levels and quantitative demands. Results Almost all (90.9%) the variability in perceived quantitative demands occurred between eldercare workers (within wards). Determinants significantly associated with lower quantitative demands were: having a job as a care helper, working fixed evening shifts, being born outside Denmark, having lower influence at work, higher quality of leadership and lower emotional demands. None of the investigated physical factors (e.g. resident handlings, push/pull tasks, step-count) were associated with perceived quantitative demands. Conclusion We found that the variability in perceived quantitative demands occurred primarily between eldercare workers within wards. Our study indicates that psychosocial work environment factors are the strongest modifiable determinants of perceived quantitative demands in eldercare, while organisational factors related to job position, shift, and resident-staff ratio also play a role. Interventions should test if changes in these determinants can reduce perceived quantitative demands at work in eldercare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stevens
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København ØDenmark
| | - Kristina Karstad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København ØDenmark
| | - Leticia Bergamin Januario
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København ØDenmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 København K, Denmark
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København ØDenmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Niedhammer I, Coutrot T, Geoffroy-Perez B, Chastang JF. Shift and Night Work and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Results From the STRESSJEM Study. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:249-259. [PMID: 35502698 PMCID: PMC9149517 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The literature remains sparse and inconclusive about the impact of shift and
night work on mortality, and still more on specific causes of death. The
objectives were to explore the prospective associations between exposure to
shift and night work and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The study was
based on a large national representative French prospective cohort of 1,511,456
employees followed up from 1976 to 2002. Exposure to shift and night work relied
on a job-exposure matrix, and 3 time-varying measures (current, cumulative, and
recency-weighted cumulative exposure) were constructed. Mortality and causes of
death were provided by the national registry, and all-cause, cardiovascular,
cancer and preventable mortality, and suicide were studied. Cox proportional
hazards models were performed to study the associations between shift and night
work and mortality. During follow-up, 22,105 deaths occurred for all-cause
mortality. In the study of mortality until the end of last job during follow-up,
shift and/or night work were associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer
and preventable mortality, and suicide (except night without shift work with
cancer mortality and suicide) among men. Shift work (especially shift without
night work) was associated with all-cause, cancer and preventable mortality
among women. The results were similar for current, cumulative, and
recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Associations were found for more detailed
causes of death: cerebrovascular diseases for both genders, ischemic heart
diseases, respiratory cancers, smoking-related mortality, and external causes of
death among men, and breast cancer among women. In the study of mortality until
the end of follow-up, some additional associations were found among women
between night work and all-cause and preventable mortality, and suicide,
suggesting long-term or delayed exposure effects. The study may, however, be
underpowered to detect all the exposure-outcome associations, especially among
women. More research and prevention are needed to reduce mortality among shift
and night workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) - UMR_S 1085, Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics Team (ESTER), Angers, France
| | - Thomas Coutrot
- Direction de l'Animation de la Recherche, des Etudes et des Statistiques (DARES), Ministère du Travail, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Chastang
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) - UMR_S 1085, Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics Team (ESTER), Angers, France
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Psychosocial factors at work from the job strain model and preventable mortality in France: The STRESSJEM prospective study. Prev Med 2021; 153:106178. [PMID: 32603796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the prospective associations between psychosocial factors at work from the job strain model and preventable mortality, including smoking- and alcohol-related mortality as well as external causes of death. The study was based on prospective data and relied on a sample of 1,511,456 individuals for which data on job history, mortality and causes of death were linked over the 1976-2002 period. Exposures were the factors from the job strain model imputed through a job-exposure matrix. Various time-varying measures of exposure were used including current exposure and two measures of cumulative exposure. Preventable mortality was defined using the OECD/Eurostat list of preventable causes of death. The associations between exposures and outcomes were studied using Cox proportional hazards models. Effect modification by gender was also assessed. Over the study period, 57,264 preventable deaths occurred before the age of 75 years. Low decision latitude, low social support, job strain, iso-strain, passive job, and high strain were associated with preventable mortality, and associations of stronger magnitude were found for job strain and isostrain among men. Stronger associations were observed for alcohol-related mortality than for smoking-related mortality and external causes of death. The fractions of preventable mortality attributable to current exposure to job strain and isostrain were significant among men only (5.1% and 3.3%). Psychosocial factors at work from the job strain model may play a role on preventable mortality. Intensifying research and prevention towards the psychosocial work environment may be helpful to reduce risky health-related behaviours and related mortality.
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Guseva Canu I, Bovio N, Wild P, Bopp M. Identification of socio-demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000-2014). Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:540-553. [PMID: 33724520 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We modeled suicidal rate among Swiss working-age males, considering three groups of factors at socio-demographic, occupational, and societal levels jointly. Our goal was twofold: to verify the effect of occupation after adjustment for non-occupational factors and to identify protective and risk factors relevant for suicide prevention in working male adults. METHODS The study population included all men aged [18-65] years at the 2000 population census and followed up within the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). The risk of suicide was modeled using Poisson regression. RESULTS The cohort comprised 1,534,564 men and 4371 deaths by suicide. Suicide rate varied significantly according to age, civil status, nationality, highest education achieved, and socio-professional category at socio-demographic level; occupation, occupational activity branch, weekly working hours, and home-to-work commute time at occupational level; calendar period of death, region, religious affiliation, and volunteering activity at societal level. After adjustment for non-occupational factors, agricultural and fishery laborers, military and civil security workers, and health and social workers were identified as high-risk groups with respect to suicide. CONCLUSION This study evidenced a complex web of factors at socio-demographic, occupational, and societal levels behind the suicide in Swiss male workers and identified the most at-risk groups, deserving targeted prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bovio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Matthias Bopp
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Coutrot T, Geoffroy-Perez B, LaMontagne AD, Chastang JF. Psychosocial Work Factors of the Job Strain Model and All-Cause Mortality: The STRESSJEM Prospective Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:62-70. [PMID: 33079757 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives were to examine the prospective associations between psychosocial work factors of the job strain model and all-cause mortality in a national representative cohort of French employees using various measures of time-varying exposure. METHODS The study was based on a sample of 798,547 men and 697,785 women for which data on job history from 1976 to 2002 were linked to mortality data from the national death registry. Psychosocial work factors from the validated job strain model questionnaire were imputed using a job-exposure matrix. Three time-varying measures of exposure were explored: current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to study the associations between psychosocial work factors and mortality. RESULTS Within the 1976-2002 period, 88,521 deaths occurred among men and 28,921 among women. Low decision latitude, low social support, job strain, isostrain, high strain, and passive job were found to be risk factors for mortality. The model using current exposure was the best relative-quality model. The associations of current exposure to job strain and mortality were found to have hazard ratios of 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-1.36) among men and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.06-1.25) among women. The population fractions of mortality attributable to job strain were 5.64% (95% CI = 4.56%-6.71%) among men and 4.13% (95% CI = 1.69%-6.71%) among women. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the role of the psychosocial work factors of the job strain model on all-cause mortality. Preventive intervention to improve the psychosocial work environment may help to prevent mortality in working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- From the INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team (Niedhammer, Chastang), Angers, France; Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Milner, LaMontagne), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; DARES, Ministère du Travail (Coutrot), Paris, France; Santé publique France (Geoffroy-Perez), Saint-Maurice, France; and Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development (LaMontagne), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Fujishiro K, Koessler F. Comparing self-reported and O*NET-based assessments of job control as predictors of self-rated health for non-Hispanic whites and racial/ethnic minorities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237026. [PMID: 32760109 PMCID: PMC7410273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database has been used as a valuable source of occupational exposure information. Although good agreement between O*NET and self-reported measures has been reported, little attention has been paid to O*NET's utility in racially/ethnically diverse samples. Because O*NET offers job-level information, if different racial groups have different experiences under the same job title, O*NET measure would introduce systematic measurement error. Using the General Social Survey data (n = 7,041; 437 occupations), we compared self-report and O*NET-derived measures of job control in their associations with self-rated health (SRH) for non-Hispanic whites and racial/ethnic minorities. The correlation between self-report and O*NET job control measures were moderate for all gender-race groups (Pearson's r = .26 - .40). However, the logistic regression analysis showed that the association between O*NET job control and SRH was markedly weaker for racial/ethnic minorities than for non-Hispanic whites. The self-reported job control was associated with SRH in similar magnitudes for both groups, which precluded the possibility that job control was relevant only for non-Hispanic whites. O*NET may not capture job experience for racial/ethnic minorities, and thus its utility depends on the racial/ethnic composition of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujishiro
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Franziska Koessler
- The “Good Work” Program, WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Reid A, Daly A, LaMontagne AD, Milner A, Ronda Pérez E. Descriptive study of workplace demand, control and bullying among migrant and Australian-born workers by gender: does workplace support make a difference? BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033652. [PMID: 32595148 PMCID: PMC7322333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between bullying in migrants and Australians and types of workplace Iso-strain, by gender. DESIGN AND SETTING Two descriptive cross-sectional surveys of the Australian working population. PARTICIPANTS Australian-born workers of Caucasian ancestry (n=1051, participant response rate=87.3%) and workers born in New Zealand (n=566), India (n=633) and the Philippines (n=431) (participant response rate=79.5%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Using logistic regression, we examined whether self-reported assessment of various forms of bullying in the workplace was associated with Iso-strain (job with high demands and low control and without social support), gender and migrant status. RESULTS The prevalence of workplace bullying within the previous year was 14.5%. Sexual harassment, though rare (n=47, 1.8%), was reported by more women than men (83% vs 17%, χ2=19.3, p<0.0001) and more Australia or New Zealand born workers compared to India or the Philippines workers (75.5% vs 25.5%, χ2=4.6, p=0.032). Indian-born women had lower adjusted OR for being bullied and for being intimidated compared to other women. Independent of migrant status, Iso-strain (1), (low support from boss) and Iso-strain (2), (low support from colleagues) predicted being bullied. Women were more likely to be in an Iso-strain (1) job than men (18.7% vs 13.6%, p=0.013) and had twice the risk of being both verbally abused and intimidated compared to men (OR 9 vs OR 5.5, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Workplace bullying was more likely for women than men. There were few differences between workers from different migrant groups. Iso-strain was the strongest predictor of workplace bullying. Workplaces should encourage supportive and collegiate work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Daly
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena Ronda Pérez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Alicante, Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Centre for Research in Occupational Health (CISAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Choi B. Developing a Job Exposure Matrix of Work Organization Hazards in the United States: A Review on Methodological Issues and Research Protocol. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:397-404. [PMID: 33329905 PMCID: PMC7728710 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most job exposure matrices (JEMs) have been developed for chemical and physical hazards in the United States (US). In addition, the overall validity of most JEMs of work organization hazards using self-reported data in the literature remains to be further tested due to several methodological weaknesses. Methods This paper aims to review important methodological issues with regard to a JEM of work organization hazards using self-report data and to present a research protocol for developing a four-axis (job titles, hazards, sex, and time) JEM of major work organization hazards using the US General Social Survey-Quality of Work-Life (GSS-QWL) data (2002–2018; N = 7,100 workers). Results Five methodological weaknesses in existing JEMs of work organization hazards using self-report data were identified: having only two axes (hazard and occupation), using psychometrically weak items and scales, including scales having little interoccupational variability, unresolved optimal minimum numbers of subjects per occupation, and low accessibility. The methodological weaknesses were successfully addressed in the proposed research protocol. Conclusion The work organization JEM to be developed will significantly facilitate and strengthen occupational epidemiological studies on work organization hazards and major health outcomes, improve national and occupational surveillance of work organization hazards, and promote interventions for a healthy work environment in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- BongKyoo Choi
- Department of Medicine and Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for Work and Health Research, Irvine, CA, USA
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Coutrot T, LaMontagne AD, Chastang JF. Psychosocial work exposures of the job strain model and cardiovascular mortality in France: results from the STRESSJEM prospective study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 46:542-551. [PMID: 32436963 PMCID: PMC7737793 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aims to explore the prospective associations of the psychosocial work exposures of the job strain model with cardiovascular mortality, including mortality for ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and stroke, using various time-varying exposure measures in the French working population of employees. Methods: The study was based on a cohort of 798 547 men and 697 785 women for which job history data from 1976 to 2002 were linked to mortality data and causes of death from the national death registry. Psychosocial work exposures from the validated job strain model questionnaire were assessed using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Three time-varying measures of exposure were studied: current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between psychosocial work exposures and cardiovascular mortality. Results: Within the 1976–2002 period, there were 19 264 cardiovascular deaths among men and 6181 among women. Low decision latitude, low social support, job strain, iso-strain, passive job, and high strain were associated with cardiovascular mortality. Most of these associations were also observed for IHD and stroke mortality. The comparison between the different exposure measures suggested that current exposure may be more important than cumulative (or past) exposure. The population fractions of cardiovascular mortality attributable to job strain were 5.64% for men and 6.44% for women. Conclusions: Psychosocial work exposures of the job strain model may play a role in cardiovascular mortality. The estimated burden of cardiovascular mortality associated with these exposures underlines the need for preventive policies oriented toward the psychosocial work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM U1085 - IRSET - Equipe ESTER, Faculté de Médecine - Université d'Angers, 28 rue Roger Amsler, CS 74521, 49045 ANGERS Cedex 01, France.
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Niedhammer I, Coindre K, Memmi S, Bertrais S, Chastang JF. Working conditions and depression in the French national working population: Results from the SUMER study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 123:178-186. [PMID: 32078835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to explore the associations between various types of occupational exposures and depression in the French national working population, most of the studies in the literature focussing on a limited number of exposures and on symptom scales. METHODS The study was based on a nationally representative sample of 25 977 employees, 14 682 men and 11 295 women. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9 instrument and algorithm. Occupational exposures included factors related to both the psychosocial and physical work environment. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to study the associations between exposures and outcome with adjustment for covariates among men and women separately. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was higher for women than for men (5.70% versus 3.78%). The final models showed that low decision latitude, low reward, bullying, work-family and ethical conflicts for both genders, and high psychological demands, low social support, and long working hours among women were risk factors for depression. No occupational exposure of physical, biomechanical, chemical and biological nature was associated with depression. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSIONS Significant associations were found between psychosocial work exposures and depression, and there were some differences in these associations between genders. This study is one of the first to provide a comprehensive overview of occupational exposures in association with depression. More prevention towards the psychosocial work environment is needed to improve mental health of working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France.
| | - Kylian Coindre
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | | | - Sandrine Bertrais
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Jean-François Chastang
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Coutrot T, LaMontagne AD, Chastang JF. Prospective associations of psychosocial work exposures with mortality in France: STRESSJEM study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031352. [PMID: 31676654 PMCID: PMC6830630 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although evidence has been provided on the associations between psychosocial work exposures and morbidity outcomes in the literature, knowledge appears much more sparse on mortality outcomes. The objective of STRESSJEM is to explore the prospective associations between psychosocial work exposures and mortality outcomes among the national French working population. In this paper, we describe the study protocol, study population, data sources, method for exposure assessment, data analysis and future plans. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Data sources will include: the data from the national SUMER survey from DARES on the evaluation of psychosocial work exposures and the data from the COSMOP programme from Santé publique France linking job history (DADS data from INSEE) and mortality according to causes of death (data from the national death registry, INSERM-CépiDc). A sample of 1 511 456 individuals will form the studied prospective cohort for which data are available on both job history and mortality over the period 1976-2002. Psychosocial work exposures will be imputed via a job-exposure matrix using three job title variables that are available in both the SUMER and COSMOP data sets. Our objectives will be to study the associations between various psychosocial work exposures and mortality outcomes. Psychosocial work exposures will include the job strain model factors as well as other psychosocial work factors. Various measures of exposure over time will be used. All-cause and cause-specific mortality will be studied. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Both the SUMER survey and the COSMOP programme have been approved by French ethics committees. Dissemination of the study results will include a series of international peer-reviewed papers and at least one paper in French. The results will be presented in national and international conferences. This project will offer a unique opportunity to explore mortality outcomes in association with psychosocial work exposures in a large national representative sample of the working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean-François Chastang
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
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Madsen IEH, Gupta N, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Bonde JP, Framke E, Flachs EM, Petersen SB, Svane-Petersen AC, Holtermann A, Rugulies R. Physical work demands and psychosocial working conditions as predictors of musculoskeletal pain: a cohort study comparing self-reported and job exposure matrix measurements. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:752-758. [PMID: 30045952 PMCID: PMC6166595 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining exposure to occupational factors by workers' job titles is extensively used in epidemiological research. However, the correspondence of findings regarding associations to health between job exposure matrices (JEMs) and individual-level exposure data is largely unknown. We set out to examine the prospective associations of physical work demands and psychosocial working conditions with musculoskeletal pain, comparing JEMs with individual-level self-reported exposures. METHODS We analysed data of 8132 participants from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark cohort study. Using random intercept multilevel modelling, we constructed age-specific and sex-specific JEMs estimating predicted exposures in job groups. We analysed associations between working conditions (individual and JEM level) at baseline and musculoskeletal pain at follow-up using multilevel modelling stratified by sex, adjusting for age, education and baseline pain. RESULTS Any consistent associations present in the individual-level analysis were also found in the JEM-level analysis. Higher pain levels at follow-up was seen for employees with higher baseline physical work demands, women exposed to violence and men with lower decision authority, whether measured at the individual or JEM level. Higher JEM-level quantitative demands were associated with less pain, but no association was seen at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS We found predominately comparable prospective associations between working conditions and pain, whether using JEMs or individual level exposures, with the exception of quantitative demands. The results suggest that, with few notable exceptions, findings obtained using JEMs may be comparable with those obtained when using self-reported exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sesilje Bondo Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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