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Wang F, Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhu L, Guo B, Lv C, Zhu J, Chen ZH, Xu R. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal molecular insights into waterlogging tolerance in Barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:385. [PMID: 38724918 PMCID: PMC11080113 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the productivity and quality of many crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance are still elusive in barley. In this study, we identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DM) that mediate distinct waterlogging tolerance strategies in leaf and root of two barley varieties with contrasting waterlogging tolerance under different waterlogging treatments. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the response of roots was more distinct than that of leaves in both varieties, in which the number of downregulated genes in roots was 7.41-fold higher than that in leaves of waterlogging sensitive variety after 72 h of waterlogging stress. We also found the number of waterlogging stress-induced upregulated DEGs in the waterlogging tolerant variety was higher than that of the waterlogging sensitive variety in both leaves and roots in 1 h and 72 h treatment. This suggested the waterlogging tolerant variety may respond more quickly to waterlogging stress. Meanwhile, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was identified to play critical roles in waterlogging tolerant variety by improving cell wall biogenesis and peroxidase activity through DEGs such as Peroxidase (PERs) and Cinnamoyl-CoA reductases (CCRs) to improve resistance to waterlogging. Based on metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, we found the waterlogging tolerant variety can better alleviate the energy deficiency via higher sugar content, reduced lactate accumulation, and improved ethanol fermentation activity compared to the waterlogging sensitive variety. In summary, our results provide waterlogging tolerance strategies in barley to guide the development of elite genetic resources towards waterlogging-tolerant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Institutes of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Liu M, Zhao G, Huang X, Pan T, Chen W, Qu M, Ouyang B, Yu M, Shabala S. Candidate regulators of drought stress in tomato revealed by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282718. [PMID: 37936934 PMCID: PMC10627169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought is among the most common abiotic constraints of crop growth, development, and productivity. Integrating different omics approaches offers a possibility for deciphering the metabolic pathways and fundamental mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we explored the transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes in drought-stressed tomato plants using transcriptomic and proteomic profiles to determine the molecular dynamics of tomato drought stress responses. We identified 22467 genes and 5507 proteins, among which the expression of 3765 genes and 294 proteins was significantly changed under drought stress. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) showed a good correlation (0.743). The results indicated that integrating different omics approaches is promising in exploring the multilayered regulatory mechanisms of plant drought resistance. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis identified several GO terms and pathways related to stress resistance, including response to stress, abiotic stimulus, and oxidative stress. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays pivotal roles in response to drought stress, ABA-response element binding factor (AREB) is a key positive regulator of ABA signaling. Moreover, our analysis indicated that drought stress increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content, which activated AREB1 expression to regulate the expression of TAS14, GSH-Px-1, and Hsp, ultimately improving tomato drought resistance. In addition, the yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that the AREB1 could bind the Hsp promoter to activate Hsp expression. Thus, this study involved a full-scale analysis of gene and protein expression in drought-stressed tomato, deepening the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the essential drought-tolerance genes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Liu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Gangjun Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ting Pan
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mei Qu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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3
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Xu Y, Fu X. Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105716. [PMID: 35628526 PMCID: PMC9143615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.F.)
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Ambros S, Kotewitsch M, Wittig PR, Bammer B, Mustroph A. Transcriptional Response of Two Brassica napus Cultivars to Short-Term Hypoxia in the Root Zone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897673. [PMID: 35574097 PMCID: PMC9100894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is one major stress for crops and causes multiple problems for plants, for example low gas diffusion, changes in redox potential and accumulation of toxic metabolites. Brassica napus is an important oil crop with high waterlogging sensitivity, which may cause severe yield losses. Its reactions to the stress are not fully understood. In this work the transcriptional response of rapeseed to one aspect of waterlogging, hypoxia in the root zone, was analyzed by RNAseq, including two rapeseed cultivars from different origin, Avatar from Europe and Zhongshuang 9 from Asia. Both cultivars showed a high number of differentially expressed genes in roots after 4 and 24 h of hypoxia. The response included many well-known hypoxia-induced genes such as genes coding for glycolytic and fermentative enzymes, and strongly resembled the hypoxia response of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The carbohydrate status of roots, however, was minimally affected by root hypoxia, with a tendency of carbohydrate accumulation rather than a carbon starvation. Leaves did not respond to the root stress after a 24-h treatment. In agreement with the gene expression data, subsequent experiments with soil waterlogging for up to 14 days revealed no differences in response or tolerance to waterlogging between the two genotypes used in this study. Interestingly, using a 0.1% starch solution for waterlogging, which caused a lowered soil redox potential, resulted in much stronger effects of the stress treatment than using pure water suggesting a new screening method for rapeseed cultivars in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Angelika Mustroph
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Jethva J, Schmidt RR, Sauter M, Selinski J. Try or Die: Dynamics of Plant Respiration and How to Survive Low Oxygen Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020205. [PMID: 35050092 PMCID: PMC8780655 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in oxygen (O2) availability occur as a result of flooding, which is periodically encountered by terrestrial plants. Plant respiration and mitochondrial energy generation rely on O2 availability. Therefore, decreased O2 concentrations severely affect mitochondrial function. Low O2 concentrations (hypoxia) induce cellular stress due to decreased ATP production, depletion of energy reserves and accumulation of metabolic intermediates. In addition, the transition from low to high O2 in combination with light changes-as experienced during re-oxygenation-leads to the excess formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we will update our current knowledge about the mechanisms enabling plants to adapt to low-O2 environments, and how to survive re-oxygenation. New insights into the role of mitochondrial retrograde signaling, chromatin modification, as well as moonlighting proteins and mitochondrial alternative electron transport pathways (and their contribution to low O2 tolerance and survival of re-oxygenation), are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Jethva
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Romy R. Schmidt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Margret Sauter
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)431-880-4245
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Wang Z, Han Y, Luo S, Rong X, Song H, Jiang N, Li C, Yang L. Calcium peroxide alleviates the waterlogging stress of rapeseed by improving root growth status in a rice-rape rotation field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048227. [PMID: 36466266 PMCID: PMC9718366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress has a negative influence on agricultural production, particularly for rapeseed yield in a rice-rape rotation field. To alleviate the profound impacts of waterlogging stress on rapeseed production, a new fertilization with calcium peroxide (CaO2) was proposed. In this field experiment, with the conventional rape (Brassica napus L.) variety fengyou958 (FY958) and early maturing rape variety xiangyou420 (XY420) as materials, waterlogging was imposed from the bud to flowering stage, and three supplies of CaO2 (0, C1 for the 594 kg hm-2 and C2 for the 864 kg hm-2) were added as basal fertilizer. The results showed that CaO2 significantly reduced the accumulation of fermentation products in roots and alleviated the peroxidation of leaves. The reduced waterlogging stress promoted the root vigor and agronomic characters, such as branches, plant height and stem diameter, accelerated dry matter and nutrients accumulation, and resulting in 22.7% (C1) to 232.8% (C2) higher grain yields in XY420, and 112.4% (C1) to 291.8% (C2) higher grain yields in FY958, respectively. In conclusion, 594 kg hm-2 to 864 kg hm-2 CaO2 application restored the growth of waterlogged rapeseed leaves, and reduced the anaerobic intensity of root, which enhanced the resistance of plants to waterlogging, and improved crop productivity. In a certain range, the higher CaO2 application, the more the yield. This study provides a valid method to prevent damage from flooding in crop fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Yongliang Han
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Haixing Song
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Yang,
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Metabolic Responses to Waterlogging Differ between Roots and Shoots and Reflect Phloem Transport Alteration in Medicago truncatula. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101373. [PMID: 33076529 PMCID: PMC7650564 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Root oxygen deficiency that is induced by flooding (waterlogging) is a common situation in many agricultural areas, causing considerable loss in yield and productivity. Physiological and metabolic acclimation to hypoxia has mostly been studied on roots or whole seedlings under full submergence. The metabolic difference between shoots and roots during waterlogging, and how roots and shoots communicate in such a situation is much less known. In particular, the metabolic acclimation in shoots and how this, in turn, impacts on roots metabolism is not well documented. Here, we monitored changes in the metabolome of roots and shoots of barrel clover (Medicago truncatula), growth, and gas-exchange, and analyzed phloem sap exudate composition. Roots exhibited a typical response to hypoxia, such as γ-aminobutyrate and alanine accumulation, as well as a strong decline in raffinose, sucrose, hexoses, and pentoses. Leaves exhibited a strong increase in starch, sugars, sugar derivatives, and phenolics (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, benzoate, ferulate), suggesting an inhibition of sugar export and their alternative utilization by aromatic compounds production via pentose phosphates and phosphoenolpyruvate. Accordingly, there was an enrichment in sugars and a decline in organic acids in phloem sap exudates under waterlogging. Mass-balance calculations further suggest an increased imbalance between loading by shoots and unloading by roots under waterlogging. Taken as a whole, our results are consistent with the inhibition of sugar import by waterlogged roots, leading to an increase in phloem sugar pool, which, in turn, exert negative feedback on sugar metabolism and utilization in shoots.
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Temperature-dependent metabolic adaptation of Triticum aestivum seedlings to anoxia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6151. [PMID: 29670175 PMCID: PMC5906562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is considered anoxia intolerant but it shows variance in anoxia responses between genotypes and environmental treatments. We firstly examined 4 day old seedlings of five wheat genotypes in response to anoxia at 15 °C and 28 °C by assessing growth rate, tissue damage and changes in metabolite abundances. Significant genotypic variations in anoxia tolerance were observed, especially at 28 °C. Wheat seedlings grown at 15 °C appeared to be more anoxia tolerant and showed less genotypic variation than those at 28 °C. To minimize seedling size variations and define the temperature effects, we grew two contrasting genotypes at 15 °C for 3.5 d and adapted to 4 different temperatures for 0.5 d before exposing them to anoxia at each adapted temperature. Genotypic variation in abundance of anoxia induced metabolites occurred at 24 °C and 28 °C but not at 15 °C and 20 °C. Tissue- and temperature-dependent metabolic adaptations to anoxia were revealed. In roots, the ability to maintain sugar/sugar-phosphate and TCA cycle metabolite levels and the accumulation of amino acids when temperature was below 24 °C correlated with anoxia tolerance. Temperatures between 20 °C–24 °C are critical for metabolic adaptation and suggest that further assessment of waterlogging/flooding tolerance of wheat seedlings should consider the temperature-dependence of tolerance in evaluations.
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Seed Pelleting with Calcium Peroxide Improves Crop Establishment of Direct-seeded Rice under Waterlogging Conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4878. [PMID: 28687785 PMCID: PMC5501844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor crop establishment of direct-seeded rice (DSR) is one of the major constraints to wide adoption of DSR, particularly in areas prone to flooding after sowing or where fields are not level. Seed pelleting is an effective, practical and facile technique to enhance crop establishment under unfavorable environmental conditions. To evaluate the effects of seed pelleting on rice germination, seedling growth and associated metabolic events under waterlogging stress, various seed pelleting treatments including formulae, pelleting times (the weight ratio of pelleting agents: rice seeds = 1:1~7:1 (w/w) and CaO2 contents were tested in series of experiments. Naked seeds were maintained for comparison as a control. Pelleting treatments with CaO2 significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth of DSR under waterlogging conditions compared with pelleted seeds without CaO2 and naked seeds. The optimum weight ratios of CaO2 to dry seeds were found to be in the range of 0.6:1–1:1 based on seed germination and seedling growth performance under waterlogging conditions. Under waterlogging conditions, high seed germination percentage and vigorous seedling growth of DSR due to seed pelleting with CaO2 was associated with an increase in α-amylase activity, but decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activities in pelleted seeds.
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de Vries J, Stanton A, Archibald JM, Gould SB. Streptophyte Terrestrialization in Light of Plastid Evolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:467-476. [PMID: 26895731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Key steps in evolution are often singularities. The emergence of land plants is one such case and it is not immediately apparent why. A recent analysis found that the zygnematophycean algae represent the closest relative to embryophytes. Intriguingly, many exaptations thought essential to conquer land are common among various streptophytes, but zygnematophycean algae share with land plants the transfer of a few plastid genes to the nucleus. Considering the contribution of the chloroplast to terrestrialization highlights potentially novel exaptations that currently remain unexplored. We discuss how the streptophyte chloroplast evolved into what we refer to as the embryoplast, and argue this was as important for terrestrialization by freshwater algae as the host cell-associated exaptations that are usually focused upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amanda Stanton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sven B Gould
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Campbell MT, Proctor CA, Dou Y, Schmitz AJ, Phansak P, Kruger GR, Zhang C, Walia H. Genetic and molecular characterization of submergence response identifies Subtol6 as a major submergence tolerance locus in maize. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120385. [PMID: 25806518 PMCID: PMC4373911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is highly sensitive to short term flooding and submergence. Early season flooding reduces germination, survival and growth rate of maize seedlings. We aimed to discover genetic variation for submergence tolerance in maize and elucidate the genetic basis of submergence tolerance through transcriptional profiling and linkage analysis of contrasting genotypes. A diverse set of maize nested association mapping (NAM) founder lines were screened, and two highly tolerant (Mo18W and M162W) and sensitive (B97 and B73) genotypes were identified. Tolerant lines exhibited delayed senescence and lower oxidative stress levels compared to sensitive lines. Transcriptome analysis was performed on these inbreds to provide genome level insights into the molecular responses to submergence. Tolerant lines had higher transcript abundance of several fermentation-related genes and an unannotated Pyrophosphate-Dependent Fructose-6-Phosphate 1-Phosphotransferase gene during submergence. A coexpression network enriched for CBF (C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR: C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR) genes, was induced by submergence in all four inbreds, but was more activated in the tolerant Mo18W. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from Mo18W and B73 was screened for submergence tolerance. A major QTL named Subtol6 was mapped to chromosome 6 that explains 22% of the phenotypic variation within the RIL population. We identified two candidate genes (HEMOGLOBIN2 and RAV1) underlying Subtol6 based on contrasting expression patterns observed in B73 and Mo18W. Sources of tolerance identified in this study (Subtol6) can be useful to increase survival rate during flooding events that are predicted to increase in frequency with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malachy T. Campbell
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Proctor
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yongchao Dou
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Schmitz
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Piyaporn Phansak
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Nakhon Phanom University, Muang District, Thailand
| | - Greg R. Kruger
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chi Zhang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Harkamal Walia
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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Shingaki-Wells R, Millar AH, Whelan J, Narsai R. What happens to plant mitochondria under low oxygen? An omics review of the responses to low oxygen and reoxygenation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2260-77. [PMID: 24575773 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Floods can rapidly submerge plants, limiting oxygen to the extent that oxidative phosphorylation no longer generates adequate ATP supplies. Low-oxygen tolerant plants, such as rice, are able to adequately respond to low oxygen by successfully remodelling primary and mitochondrial metabolism to partially counteract the energy crisis that ensues. In this review, we discuss how plants respond to low-oxygen stress at the transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and enzyme activity levels, particularly focusing on mitochondria and interacting pathways. The role of reactive oxygen species and nitrite as an alternative electron acceptor as well as their links to respiratory chain components is discussed. By making intra-kingdom as well as cross-kingdom comparisons, conserved mechanisms of anoxia tolerance are highlighted as well as tolerance mechanisms that are specific to anoxia-tolerant rice during germination and in coleoptiles. We discuss reoxygenation as an often overlooked, yet essential stage of this environmental stress and consider the possibility that changes occurring during low oxygen may also provide benefits upon re-aeration. Finally, we consider what it takes to be low-oxygen tolerant and argue that alternative mechanisms of ATP production, glucose signalling, starch/sucrose signalling as well as reverse metabolism of fermentation end products promote the survival of rice after this debilitating stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shingaki-Wells
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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14
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Mustroph A, Barding GA, Kaiser KA, Larive CK, Bailey-Serres J. Characterization of distinct root and shoot responses to low-oxygen stress in Arabidopsis with a focus on primary C- and N-metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2366-80. [PMID: 24450922 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deficiency, caused by flooding of all or a portion of a plant, leads to significant gene regulatory and metabolic responses associated with survival. When oxygen-deprived in light, aerial organs and root systems respond in distinct manners because of their respective autotrophy and heterotrophy, as well as intrinsic differences in cell biology and organ function. To better understand organ-specific responses to oxygen deficiency, we monitored changes in the metabolome of roots and shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (1) H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Only roots accumulated high amounts of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and lactate, whereas both organs accumulated alanine (Ala) upon hypoxia. Meta-analysis of gene regulation data revealed higher induction of mRNAs coding for fermentative enzymes in roots as compared with shoots. However, the elevation in GABA level was not correlated with changes in transcript abundance, supporting the proposal that post-translational mechanisms are important in metabolic acclimation to hypoxia. The biosynthesis, degradation and function of GABA and Ala during oxygen deprivation and re-aeration is discussed. Finally, a systematic survey of low-oxygen mediated regulation of genes associated with primary metabolism across organs and cell types reveals exciting new avenues for future studies.
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15
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Klecker M, Gasch P, Peisker H, Dörmann P, Schlicke H, Grimm B, Mustroph A. A Shoot-Specific Hypoxic Response of Arabidopsis Sheds Light on the Role of the Phosphate-Responsive Transcription Factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:774-790. [PMID: 24753539 PMCID: PMC4044847 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are often very specific, but signal transduction pathways can partially or completely overlap. Here, we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcriptional responses to phosphate starvation and oxygen deficiency stress comprise a set of commonly induced genes. While the phosphate deficiency response is systemic, under oxygen deficiency, most of the commonly induced genes are found only in illuminated shoots. This jointly induced response to the two stresses is under control of the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), but not of the oxygen-sensing N-end rule pathway, and includes genes encoding proteins for the synthesis of galactolipids, which replace phospholipids in plant membranes under phosphate starvation. Despite the induction of galactolipid synthesis genes, total galactolipid content and plant survival are not severely affected by the up-regulation of galactolipid gene expression in illuminated leaves during hypoxia. However, changes in galactolipid molecular species composition point to an adaptation of lipid fluxes through the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast pathways during hypoxia. PHR1-mediated signaling of phosphate deprivation was also light dependent. Because a photoreceptor-mediated PHR1 activation was not detectable under hypoxia, our data suggest that a chloroplast-derived retrograde signal, potentially arising from metabolic changes, regulates PHR1 activity under both oxygen and phosphate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Klecker
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Philipp Gasch
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Helga Peisker
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Hagen Schlicke
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany (M.K., P.G., A.M.);Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (H.P., P.D.); andPlant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
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Harren FJM, Cristescu SM. Online, real-time detection of volatile emissions from plant tissue. AOB PLANTS 2013; 5:plt003. [PMID: 23429357 PMCID: PMC3578185 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Trace gas monitoring plays an important role in many areas of life sciences ranging from agrotechnology, microbiology, molecular biology, physiology, and phytopathology. In plants, many processes can be followed by their low-concentration gas emission, for compounds such as ethylene, nitric oxide, ethanol or other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For this, numerous gas-sensing devices are currently available based on various methods. Among them are the online trace gas detection methods; these have attracted much interest in recent years. Laser-based infrared spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry are the two most widely used methods, thanks to their high sensitivity at the single part per billion level and their response time of seconds. This paper starts with a short description of each method and presents performances within a wide variety of biological applications. Using these methods, the dynamics of trace gases for ethylene, nitric oxide and other VOCs released by plants under different conditions are recorded and analysed under natural conditions. In this way many hypotheses can be tested, revealing the role of the key elements in signalling and action mechanisms in plants.
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17
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Pucciariello C, Parlanti S, Banti V, Novi G, Perata P. Reactive oxygen species-driven transcription in Arabidopsis under oxygen deprivation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:184-96. [PMID: 22415514 PMCID: PMC3375960 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role as triggers of gene expression during biotic and abiotic stresses, among which is low oxygen (O(2)). Previous studies have shown that ROS regulation under low O(2) is driven by a RHO-like GTPase that allows tight control of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production. H(2)O(2) is thought to regulate the expression of heat shock proteins, in a mechanism that is common to both O(2) deprivation and to heat stress. In this work, we used publicly available Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) microarray datasets related to ROS and O(2) deprivation to define transcriptome convergence pattern. Our results show that although Arabidopsis response to anoxic and hypoxic treatments share a common core of genes related to the anaerobic metabolism, they differ in terms of ROS-related gene response. We propose that H(2)O(2) production under O(2) deprivation is a trait present in a very early phase of anoxia, and that ROS are needed for the regulation of a set of genes belonging to the heat shock protein and ROS-mediated groups. This mechanism, likely not regulated via the N-end rule pathway for O(2) sensing, is probably mediated by a NADPH oxidase and it is involved in plant tolerance to the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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18
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Boldt K, Pörs Y, Haupt B, Bitterlich M, Kühn C, Grimm B, Franken P. Photochemical processes, carbon assimilation and RNA accumulation of sucrose transporter genes in tomato arbuscular mycorrhiza. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1256-63. [PMID: 21489650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance CO₂ assimilation of their hosts which ensure the demand for carbohydrates of these obligate biotrophic microorganisms. Photosynthetic parameters were measured in tomato colonised or not by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. In addition, carbohydrate contents and mRNA accumulation of three sucrose transporter genes were analysed. Mycorrhizal plants showed increased opening of stomata and assimilated significant more CO₂. A higher proportion of the absorbed light was used for photochemical processes, while non-photochemical quenching and the content of photoprotective pigments were lower. Analysis of sugar contents showed no significant differences in leaves but enhanced levels of sucrose and fructose in roots, while glucose amounts stayed constant. The three sucrose transporter encoding genes of tomato SlSUT1, SlSUT2 and SlSUT4 were up-regulated providing transport capacities to transfer sucrose into the roots. It is proposed that a significant proportion of sugars is used by the mycorrhizal fungus, because only amounts of fructose were increased, while levels of glucose, which is mainly transferred towards the fungus, were nearly constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Boldt
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
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19
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Wright AH, DeLong JM, Gunawardena AHLAN, Prange RK. The interrelationship between the lower oxygen limit, chlorophyll fluorescence and the xanthophyll cycle in plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 107:223-35. [PMID: 21290261 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The lower oxygen limit (LOL) in plants may be identified through the measure of respiratory gases [i.e. the anaerobic compensation point (ACP) or the respiratory quotient breakpoint (RQB)], but recent work shows it may also be identified by a sudden rise in dark minimum fluorescence (F(o)). The interrelationship between aerobic respiration and fermentative metabolism, which occur in the mitochondria and cytosol, respectively, and fluorescence, which emanates from the chloroplasts, is not well documented in the literature. Using spinach (Spinacia oleracea), this study showed that F(o) and photochemical quenching (q(P)) remained relatively unchanged until O(2) levels dropped below the LOL. An over-reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool is believed to increase F(o) under dark + anoxic conditions. It is proposed that excess cytosolic reductant due to inhibition of the mitochondria's cytochrome oxidase under low-O(2), may be the primary reductant source. The maximum fluorescence (F(m)) is largely unaffected by low-O(2) in the dark, but was severely quenched, mirroring changes to the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state (DEPS), under even low-intensity light (≈4 μmol m(-2) s(-1)). In low light, the low-O(2)-induced increase in F(o) was also quenched, likely by non-photochemical and photochemical means. The degree of quenching in the light was negatively correlated with the level of ethanol fermentation in the dark. A discussion detailing the possible roles of cyclic electron flow, the xanthophyll cycle, chlororespiration and a pathway we termed 'chlorofermentation' were used to interpret fluorescence phenomena of both spinach and apple (Malus domestica) over a range of atmospheric conditions under both dark and low-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harrison Wright
- Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada.
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20
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Profiling translatomes of discrete cell populations resolves altered cellular priorities during hypoxia in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:18843-8. [PMID: 19843695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906131106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organs are composed of distinct cell types with unique assemblages of translated mRNAs. Here, ribosome-associated mRNAs were immunopurified from specific cell populations of intact seedlings using Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-epitope tagged ribosomal protein L18 (FLAG-RPL18) via developmentally regulated promoters. The profiling of mRNAs in ribosome complexes, referred to as the translatome, identified differentially expressed mRNAs in 21 cell populations defined by cell-specific expression of FLAG-RPL18. Phloem companion cells of the root and shoot had the most distinctive translatomes. When seedlings were exposed to a brief period of hypoxia, a pronounced reprioritization of mRNA enrichment in the cell-specific translatomes occurred, including a ubiquitous rise in 49 mRNAs encoding transcription factors, signaling proteins, anaerobic metabolism enzymes, and uncharacterized proteins. Translatome profiling also exposed an intricate molecular signature of transcription factor (TF) family member mRNAs that was markedly reconfigured by hypoxia at global and cell-specific levels. In addition to the demonstration of the complexity and plasticity of cell-specific populations of ribosome-associated mRNAs, this study provides an in silico dataset for recognition of differentially expressed genes at the cell-, region-, and organ-specific levels.
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Park HY, Kang IS, Han JS, Lee CH, An G, Moon YH. OsDEG10 encoding a small RNA-binding protein is involved in abiotic stress signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:597-602. [PMID: 19285007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive light can be harmful to photosynthetic apparatus since it causes photoinhibition and photooxidation, and plants often encounter hypoxic or anoxic environments when they become submerged by heavy rain or an ensuing flood. In this study, Oryza sativa Differentially Expressed Genes (OsDEGs) from rice under photooxidation and anoxia conditions were isolated using DD-PCR. Among them, OsDEG10 is predicted to encode a small RNA-binding protein (RBP) and the transcript levels of OsDEG10 strongly increased under most of abiotic stress treatments such as high light, anoxia, NaCl, ABA, MV and cold. However, the transcript levels of two rice OsDEG10 homologs were not changed under those treatments. OsDEG10 RNAi transgenic plants were more sensitive to high light and cold stresses compared to wild-type plants. Our results suggest that OsDEG10 is a small RBP involved in the response to various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Werner T, Holst K, Pörs Y, Guivarc'h A, Mustroph A, Chriqui D, Grimm B, Schmülling T. Cytokinin deficiency causes distinct changes of sink and source parameters in tobacco shoots and roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:2659-72. [PMID: 18515826 PMCID: PMC2486470 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin deficiency causes pleiotropic developmental changes such as reduced shoot and increased root growth. It was investigated whether cytokinin-deficient tobacco plants, which overproduce different cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase enzymes, show changes in different sink and source parameters, which could be causally related to the establishment of the cytokinin deficiency syndrome. Ultrastructural analysis revealed distinct changes in differentiating shoot tissues, including an increased vacuolation and an earlier differentiation of plastids, which showed partially disorganized thylakoid structures later in development. A comparison of the ploidy levels revealed an increased population of cells with a 4C DNA content during early stages of leaf development, indicating an inhibited progression from G2 to mitosis. To compare physiological characteristics of sink leaves, source leaves and roots of wild-type and cytokinin-deficient plants, several photosynthetic parameters, content of soluble sugars, starch and adenylates, as well as activities of enzymes of carbon assimilation and dissimilation were determined. Leaves of cytokinin-deficient plants contained less chlorophyll and non-photochemical quenching of young leaves was increased. However, absorption rate, photosynthetic capacity (F(v)/F(m) and J(CO2 max)) and efficiency (Phi CO(2 app)), as well as the content of soluble sugars, were not strongly altered in source leaves, indicating that chlorophyll is not limiting for photoassimilation and suggesting that source strength did not restrict shoot growth. By contrast, shoot sink tissues showed drastically reduced contents of soluble sugars, decreased activities of vacuolar invertases, and a reduced ATP content. These results strongly support a function of cytokinin in regulating shoot sink strength and its reduction may be a cause of the altered shoot phenotype. Roots of cytokinin-deficient plants contained less sugar compared with wild-type. However, this did not negatively affect glycolysis, ATP content, or root development. It is suggested that cytokinin-mediated regulation of the sink strength differs between roots and shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Holst
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pörs
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Guivarc'h
- Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale (CEMV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Chriqui
- Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale (CEMV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LACJ. Flooding stress: acclimations and genetic diversity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 59:313-39. [PMID: 18444902 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is an environmental stress for many natural and man-made ecosystems worldwide. Genetic diversity in the plant response to flooding includes alterations in architecture, metabolism, and elongation growth associated with a low O(2) escape strategy and an antithetical quiescence scheme that allows endurance of prolonged submergence. Flooding is frequently accompanied with a reduction of cellular O(2) content that is particularly severe when photosynthesis is limited or absent. This necessitates the production of ATP and regeneration of NAD(+) through anaerobic respiration. The examination of gene regulation and function in model systems provides insight into low-O(2)-sensing mechanisms and metabolic adjustments associated with controlled use of carbohydrate and ATP. At the developmental level, plants can escape the low-O(2) stress caused by flooding through multifaceted alterations in cellular and organ structure that promote access to and diffusion of O(2). These processes are driven by phytohormones, including ethylene, gibberellin, and abscisic acid. This exploration of natural variation in strategies that improve O(2) and carbohydrate status during flooding provides valuable resources for the improvement of crop endurance of an environmental adversity that is enhanced by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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