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Khan J, Gul P, Rashid MT, Li Q, Liu K. Composition of Whole Grain Dietary Fiber and Phenolics and Their Impact on Markers of Inflammation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1047. [PMID: 38613080 PMCID: PMC11013088 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important biological response to any tissue injury. The immune system responds to any stimulus, such as irritation, damage, or infection, by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to several diseases, e.g., cardiovascular diseases, joint disorders, cancer, and allergies. Emerging science suggests that whole grains may lower the markers of inflammation. Whole grains are a significant source of dietary fiber and phenolic acids, which have an inverse association with the risk of inflammation. Both cereals and pseudo-cereals are rich in dietary fiber, e.g., arabinoxylan and β-glucan, and phenolic acids, e.g., hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids, which are predominantly present in the bran layer. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the widely reported association between whole grain consumption and a lower risk of disease are not fully understood. The modulatory effects of whole grains on inflammation are likely to be influenced by several mechanisms including the effect of dietary fiber and phenolic acids. While some of these effects are direct, others involve the gut microbiota, which transforms important bioactive substances into more beneficial metabolites that modulate the inflammatory signaling pathways. Therefore, the purpose of this review is twofold: first, it discusses whole grain dietary fiber and phenolic acids and highlights their potential; second, it examines the health benefits of these components and their impacts on subclinical inflammation markers, including the role of the gut microbiota. Overall, while there is promising evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of whole grains, further research is needed to understand their effects fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Khan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.K.); (P.G.); (M.T.R.); (Q.L.)
| | - Palwasha Gul
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.K.); (P.G.); (M.T.R.); (Q.L.)
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Rashid
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.K.); (P.G.); (M.T.R.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qingyun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.K.); (P.G.); (M.T.R.); (Q.L.)
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.K.); (P.G.); (M.T.R.); (Q.L.)
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Auyeskhan U, Azhbagambetov A, Sadykov T, Dairabayeva D, Talamona D, Chan MY. Reducing meat consumption in Central Asia through 3D printing of plant-based protein-enhanced alternatives-a mini review. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1308836. [PMID: 38299187 PMCID: PMC10827926 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1308836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
3D food printing (3DFP) is emerging as a vital innovation in the food industry's pursuit of sustainability. 3DFP has evolved to significantly impact food production, offering the capability to create customized, nutritionally balanced foods. Central Asia has a higher than global average level of meat consumption per capita, which might be influenced by its historical and cultural background of nomadism. This dietary trend might potentially result in negative impacts on both the environment and human health outcomes, as it leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions and increased risk of chronic diseases. Reducing meat consumption holds the potential to address these sustainability and health issues. A possible strategy to reduce meat consumption and promote plant-based foods is 3D Food Printing (3DFP), which can rely on plant-protein sources from the region to create appealing and tasty alternatives for these populations. This review summarizes recent studies on plant protein-rich materials for 3DFP as a substitute to meet the growing global demand for meat as well as the 3DFP printing parameters associated with the different plant-based proteins currently used (e.g., lentils, soybeans, peas, and buckwheat). The findings revealed that buckwheat, a dietary staple in Central Asia, can be a promising choice for 3DFP technology due to its widespread consumption in the region, gluten-free nature, and highly nutritious profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulanbek Auyeskhan
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Systems & Cybersecurity, Astana IT University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Azhbagambetov
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Temirlan Sadykov
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Damira Dairabayeva
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Didier Talamona
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mei-Yen Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Joshi DC, Sood S, Kudapa H, Zhou M, Santra D. Editorial: Trait mining and genetic enhancement of millets and potential crops: modern prospects for ancient grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1291893. [PMID: 37841616 PMCID: PMC10575755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1291893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh C. Joshi
- Division of Crop Improvement, Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Salej Sood
- Division of Crop Improvement, Central Potato Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dipak Santra
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Giovanelli G, Bresciani A, Benedetti S, Chiodaroli G, Ratti S, Buratti S, Marti A. Reformulating Couscous with Sprouted Buckwheat: Physico-Chemical Properties and Sensory Characteristics Assessed by E-Senses. Foods 2023; 12:3578. [PMID: 37835230 PMCID: PMC10572695 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the frame of reformulating food products for valorizing underutilized crops and enhancing both the nutritional and sensory characteristics of traditional foods, this study explored the potential impact of sprouting on some features of couscous prepared from buckwheat. Specifically, the impact of two sprouting times (48 h and 72 h) and two enrichment levels (25% and 50%) on physical properties (bulk density, hydration properties), cooking behavior (e.g., texture), chemical features (e.g., total phenolic content, rutin and quercetin), antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), and sensory traits (by means of electronic nose, tongue, and eye) was considered. Results showed that the replacement of 50% of pre-gelatinized buckwheat flour with 72 h-sprouted buckwheat flour resulted in a couscous with a higher content of phenolic compounds (including rutin and quercetin) and antioxidant activity; the related values further increased upon cooking. Moreover, except for the hardness and gumminess that were worsened (i.e., their values increased), cohesiveness and resilience improved in the presence of sprouted buckwheat (i.e., their values increased). Finally, the overall sensory traits improved with the addition of 50% sprouted buckwheat, since both bitterness and astringency decreased in the reformulated couscous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Susanna Buratti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.)
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Pipan B, Sinkovič L, Neji M, Janovská D, Zhou M, Meglič V. Agro-Morphological and Molecular Characterization Reveal Deep Insights in Promising Genetic Diversity and Marker-Trait Associations in Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3321. [PMID: 37765484 PMCID: PMC10534386 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of genetic diversity is critical to adequately exploit the potential of germplasm collections and identify important traits for breeding programs and sustainable crop improvement. Here, we characterised the phenotypic and genetic diversity of a global collection of the two cultivated buckwheat species Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum (190 and 51 accessions, respectively) using 37 agro-morphological traits and 24 SSR markers. A wide range of variation was observed in both species for most of the traits analysed. The two species differed significantly in most traits, with traits related to seeds and flowering contributing most to differentiation. The accessions of each species were divided into three major phenoclusters with no clear geographic clustering. At the molecular level, the polymorphic SSR markers were highly informative, with an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of over 0.65 in both species. Genetic diversity, as determined by Nei's expected heterozygosity (He), was high (He = 0.77 and He = 0.66, respectively) and differed significantly between species (p = 0.03) but was homogeneously distributed between regions, confirming the lack of genetic structure as determined by clustering approaches. The weak genetic structure revealed by the phenotypic and SSR data and the low fixation indices in both species suggested frequent seed exchange and extensive cultivation and selection. In addition, 93 and 140 significant (p < 0.05) marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified in both species using a general linear model and a mixed linear model, most of which explained >20% of the phenotypic variation in associated traits. Core collections of 23 and 13 phenotypically and genetically diverse accessions, respectively, were developed for F. esculentum and F. tataricum. Overall, the data analysed provided deep insights into the agro-morphological and genetic diversity and genetic relationships among F. esculentum and F. tataricum accessions and pointed to future directions for genomics-based breeding programs and germplasm management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pipan
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.S.); (M.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Lovro Sinkovič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.S.); (M.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Mohamed Neji
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.S.); (M.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Dagmar Janovská
- Gene Bank, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 420, National Crop Genebank Building, Zhongguancun South Street No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Vladimir Meglič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.S.); (M.N.); (V.M.)
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Zargar SM, Hami A, Manzoor M, Mir RA, Mahajan R, Bhat KA, Gani U, Sofi NR, Sofi PA, Masi A. Buckwheat OMICS: present status and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37482536 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2229511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an underutilized resilient crop of North Western Himalayas belonging to the family Polygonaceae and is a source of essential nutrients and therapeutics. Common Buckwheat and Tatary Buckwheat are the two main cultivated species used as food. It is the only grain crop possessing rutin, an important metabolite with high nutraceutical potential. Due to its inherent tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and a short life cycle, Buckwheat has been proposed as a model crop plant. Nutritional security is one of the major concerns, breeding for a nutrient-dense crop such as Buckwheat will provide a sustainable solution. Efforts toward improving Buckwheat for nutrition and yield are limited due to the lack of available: genetic resources, genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. In order to harness the agricultural importance of Buckwheat, an integrated breeding and OMICS platforms needs to be established that can pave the way for a better understanding of crop biology and developing commercial varieties. This, coupled with the availability of the genome sequences of both Buckwheat species in the public domain, should facilitate the identification of alleles/QTLs and candidate genes. There is a need to further our understanding of the molecular basis of the genetic regulation that controls various economically important traits. The present review focuses on: the food and nutritional importance of Buckwheat, its various omics resources, utilization of omics approaches in understanding Buckwheat biology and, finally, how an integrated platform of breeding and omics will help in developing commercially high yielding nutrient rich cultivars in Buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ammarah Hami
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Madhiya Manzoor
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Kaiser A Bhat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- MRCFC, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaze A Sofi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Zhou J, He W, Wang J, Liao X, Xiang K, Ma M, Liu Z, Li Y, Tembrock LR, Wu Z, Liu L. The pan-plastome of tartary buckwheat (fagopyrum tataricum): key insights into genetic diversity and the history of lineage divergence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:212. [PMID: 37088810 PMCID: PMC10123988 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important food and medicine crop plant, which has been cultivated for 4000 years. A nuclear genome has been generated for this species, while an intraspecific pan-plastome has yet to be produced. As such a detailed understanding of the maternal genealogy of Tartary buckwheat has not been thoroughly investigated. RESULTS In this study, we de novo assembled 513 complete plastomes of Fagopyrum and compared with 8 complete plastomes of Fagopyrum downloaded from the NCBI database to construct a pan-plastome for F. tartaricum and resolve genomic variation. The complete plastomes of the 513 newly assembled Fagopyrum plastome sizes ranged from 159,253 bp to 159,576 bp with total GC contents ranged from 37.76 to 37.97%. These plastomes all maintained the typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB) separated by a large single copy region (LSC) and a small single copy region (SSC). Although the structure and gene content of the Fagopyrum plastomes are conserved, numerous nucleotide variations were detected from which population structure could be resolved. The nucleotide variants were most abundant in the non-coding regions of the genome and of those the intergenic regions had the most. Mutational hotspots were primarily found in the LSC regions. The complete 521 Fagopyrum plastomes were divided into five genetic clusters, among which 509 Tartary buckwheat plastomes were divided into three genetic clusters (Ft-I/Ft-II/Ft-III). The genetic diversity in the Tartary buckwheat genetic clusters was the greatest in Ft-III, and the genetic distance between Ft-I and Ft-II was the largest. Based on the results of population structure and genetic diversity analysis, Ft-III was further subdivided into three subgroups Ft-IIIa, Ft-IIIb, and Ft-IIIc. Divergence time estimation indicated that the genera Fagopyrum and Rheum (rhubarb) shared a common ancestor about 48 million years ago (mya) and that intraspecies divergence in Tartary buckwheat began around 0.42 mya. CONCLUSIONS The resolution of pan-plastome diversity in Tartary buckwheat provides an important resource for future projects such as marker-assisted breeding and germplasm preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenchuang He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Perth, 6150, Australia
| | - Xuezhu Liao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Kunli Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Mingchuan Ma
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yongyao Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Longlong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Dega V, Barbhai MD. Exploring the underutilized novel foods and starches for formulation of low glycemic therapeutic foods: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1162462. [PMID: 37153914 PMCID: PMC10160467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1162462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising incidences of life-style disorders like obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are a matter of concern coupled with escalated consumption of highly refined and high energy foods with low nutrient density. Food choices of consumers have witnessed significant changes globally with rising preference to highly processed palatable foods. Thus, it calls food scientists, researchers and nutritionists' attention towards developing and promoting pleasant-tasting yet healthy foods with added nutritional benefits. This review highlights selected underutilized and novel ingredients from different food sources and their by-products that are gaining popularity because of their nutrient density, that can be employed to improve the nutritional quality of conventionally available empty-calorie foods. It also emphasizes on the therapeutic benefits of foods developed from these understudied grains, nuts, processing by-products of grains, fruits- and vegetable-byproducts and nutraceutical starches. This review aims to draw attention of food scientists and industrialists towards popularizing the utilization of these unconventional, yet nutrient rich foods sources in improving the nutritional profile of the conventional foods lacking in nutrient density.
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Coţovanu I, Mironeasa C, Mironeasa S. Incorporation of Buckwheat Flour at Different Particle Sizes and Distinctive Doses in Wheat Flour to Manufacture an Improved Wheat Bread. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081730. [PMID: 37107525 PMCID: PMC10137971 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effect of substituting wheat flour (WF) with distinctive optimal doses of buckwheat flour (BF) corresponding to large, medium, and small particle sizes (PS), previously established based on an optimization process, on composite flour characteristics, dough rheology, and bread quality. The optimal dose for each PS was established in a previous study. The highest value for protein, lipid, mineral, and amino acids was found in the optimal composite flour with medium PS, with significant differences between those with large and small PS. The addition of BF in WF at doses corresponding to each fraction provides optimum rheological properties, with the large and medium PS providing higher performance compared to the small one. The same tendency was observed for volume and texture parameters of bread made from optimal composite flours with medium and large PS, respectively, but the crust and crumb lightness presented lower values than bread with small PS. Regarding the bread nutritional profile, the sample with medium PS possessed the highest protein, lipid, and ash content. Compared to the wheat bread, a considerably higher amino acid content, up to 21.22%, was found in bread made from optimal composite flours with medium and small PS, respectively. The bread samples with medium and large PS, respectively were superior in minerals, the value being up to 2.63 times higher compared to the control. Sensory characteristics results revealed that the bread samples containing 9.13% large and 10.57% medium PS were the most preferred by panelists. The results of this research make an important base to suitably develop wheat-buckwheat bread applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionica Coţovanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Costel Mironeasa
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive and Robotics, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Latif A, Sun Y, Noman A. Herbaceous Alfalfa plant as a multipurpose crop and predominant forage specie in Pakistan. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1126151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fodder crops play an important role in agriculture as they deliver food for animals, which is eventually converted to food for humans. All over the world, Alfalfa has had utmost importance for a few decades, not only as a fodder crop due to having high nutritional value for dairy farming but also being positively involved in many health-related and environmental affairs. Medicinally, it helps in controlling diseases such as arthritis, cholesterol, anemia, and cardio-related illnesses. Furthermore, like other cereal crops (wheat, rice, corn, etc.), it could also be a great source of several healthy nutrients for humans when the proper quantity is added to daily meals. However, unlike other nations of the world such as America, China, and India, Pakistan does not utilize it directly in human meals. This crop also has eco-friendly behavior since it controls soil erosion by binding the soil particles together and makes atmospheric nitrogen available to the plants by fixing it in the soil. Other uses include its role in water purification, improved pollination, and most importantly, its tolerance against water, salt, and temperature stress, making its position even stronger in arid and semi-arid areas. This review will draw researchers' attention to its multiple uses other than fodder crop and most importantly, its nutritional availability at a very low cost, which could prove nothing short of a miracle for the economy if properly mediated.
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Takeshima R, Yabe S, Matsui K. Genetic basis of maturity time is independent from that of flowering time and contributes to ecotype differentiation in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:353. [PMID: 35864444 PMCID: PMC9306078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common buckwheat is considered a quantitative short-day plant and is classified into the autumn (highly photoperiod sensitive), summer (weakly photoperiod sensitive), and intermediate ecotype. Understanding ecotype differentiation is essential for adaptive expansion and maximizing yield. The genetic analysis for ecotype has focused on photoperiod-dependent flowering time, whereas post-flowering traits such as seed set and maturity time might also regulate ecotype differentiation. RESULTS A field experiment revealed that ecotype differentiation is mainly defined by the timing of seed set and maturation, whereas flowering time is less relevant. Thus, we focused on maturity time as a trait that defines the ecotype. To detect QTLs for maturity time, we developed two F2 populations derived from early × late-maturing accessions and intermediate × late-maturing accessions. Using genotyping by random amplicon sequencing-direct analysis, we generated a high-density linkage map. QTL analysis detected two major QTLs for maturity time, one in each F2 population. We also detected QTLs for flowering time at loci different from maturity time QTLs, which suggests that different genetic mechanisms regulate flowering and maturity. Association analysis showed that both QTLs for maturity time were significantly associated with variations in the trait across years. CONCLUSIONS Maturity time appeared to be more suitable for explaining ecotype differentiation than flowering time, and different genetic mechanisms would regulate the timing of flowering and maturation. The QTLs and QTL-linked markers for maturity time detected here may be useful to extend the cultivation area and to fine-tune the growth period to maximize yield in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Takeshima
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Shiori Yabe
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsui
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Graziano S, Agrimonti C, Marmiroli N, Gullì M. Utilisation and limitations of pseudocereals (quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat) in food production: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Punia Bangar S, Sharma N, Singh A, Phimolsiripol Y, Brennan CS. Glycaemic response of pseudocereal‐based gluten‐free food products: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Clemson University Clemson 29634 USA
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Food Customization Research Lab Centre for Rural Development and Technology New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana Punjab 141004 India
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Aubert L, Quinet M. Comparison of Heat and Drought Stress Responses among Twelve Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1517. [PMID: 35684290 PMCID: PMC9183088 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of orphan crops could mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the quality of food security. We compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in 12 varieties of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Plants were grown at 21/19 °C or 28/26 °C under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plants were more discriminated according to environmental conditions than variety, with the exception of Islek that was smaller and produced fewer leaves, inflorescences, and seeds than the other varieties. The combination of high temperature and water stress had a stronger negative impact than each stress applied separately. The temperature increase stimulated leaf and flower production while water stress decreased plant height. Leaf area decreased with both temperature and water stress. High temperature hastened the seed initiation but negatively affected seed development such that almost all seeds aborted at 28 °C. At 21 °C, water stress significantly decreased the seed production per plant. At the physiological level, water stress increased the chlorophyll content and temperature increased the transpiration rate under well-watered conditions. High temperature also increased the polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations, mainly in the inflorescences. Altogether, our results showed that water stress and temperature increase in particular negatively affected seed production in F. tataricum.
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Ojha SN, Anand A, Sundriyal RC, Arya D. Traditional Dietary Knowledge of a Marginal Hill Community in the Central Himalaya: Implications for Food, Nutrition, and Medicinal Security. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:789360. [PMID: 35431910 PMCID: PMC9006986 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Himalayan communities illustrate a rich agriculture–medicine use system that not only provides adequate dietary diversity and nutrition but also delivers therapeutic security. This study explores the food–medicine interface as observed by the marginal hill communities in the central Himalaya with an aim to assess traditional agriculture and food plants with relation to dietary diversity and nutritional and medicinal values based on comprehensive research. A total of 445 respondents were interviewed to obtain data on food intakes using dietary recall methods and dietary diversity indices (DDIs). The ethnomedical use of plant species was gathered from respondents as well as from various published studies for respective species. Nutritional parameters were collected from the Indian Food Composition Table developed by the ICMR, India to analyze the average nutritional intake. The traditional food system achieves the dietary and nutritional needs of the community within the standard norms. The average household dietary diversity of 7.45, 7.34, and 8.39 in summer, monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively, sustain 79, 74, and 93% of energy requirements in respective, seasons. The average food consumption score (FCS) was 73.46, and all the food exhibited rich phytochemicals, such as amino acids, alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic acids. These plants also provided effective treatments against several ailments and illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetics, gastrointestinal issues, and inflammation The indigenous cuisines also have significant food and medicinal values. Considering that the community had significant knowledge of food systems with their nutritional and therapeutic utility, there is a need to protect and document this indigenous knowledge. Also, most of the crops are still under cultivation, so there is a need to create more awareness about the nutritional and therapeutic value of the system so that it could be retained intact and continued. The implications of this research are of both academic importance and practical significance to ensure food–medicine security and avoid malnutrition among rural communities. It is expected that the study would lead to renewed thinking and policy attention on traditional agriculture for its role in food and nutritional security that may lead to a sustainable food supply system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Ojha
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India
| | - Aryan Anand
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India
| | - R C Sundriyal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India.,Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
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Li J, Feng S, Qu Y, Gong X, Luo Y, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Dang K, Gao X, Feng B. Identifying the primary meteorological factors affecting the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat and a comprehensive landrace evaluation using a multi-environment phenotypic investigation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6104-6116. [PMID: 33908040 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a traditional edible and medicinal crop and has been praised as one of the green foods for humans in the 21st century. However, its production and promotion are restricted by the low yields of current varieties. The interaction of genotype and environment could lead to inconsistent phenotypic performance of genotypes across different environments. Climate change has intensified these effects and poses a substantial threat to crop production. RESULTS In the present study, the effects of meteorological factors on the phenotypic traits of 200 Tartary buckwheat landraces across four macro-environments were investigated. Overall, the phenotypic performance of these Tartary buckwheat landraces was markedly varied across the different environments. Also, the average daily temperature and precipitation had relatively higher impacts on phenotypic performance. The results also revealed the negative impacts of relative humidity on the yield-related traits. Twenty-five Tartary buckwheat landraces were ultimately identified as having good overall phenotypic performance and high yield stability. CONCLUSION Understanding the impacts of meteorological factors on the phenotypic performance of crops can guide appropriate measures and facilitate germplasm selection for yield enhancement in the context of climate change. The landraces selected comprehensively in this study could be used as parents or intermediate materials for breeding high-quality Tartary buckwheat varieties in the future. The methods used could also be extended to other crops for breeding and germplasm innovation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shan Feng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute of Minor Grain Crops Research, Baoji Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qishan, China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuchuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ke Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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Tang Y, Yan J, Peng Y, Weng W, Yao X, Gao A, Cheng J, Ruan J, Zhang K. First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Gray Mold on Tartary Buckwheat in Southwest China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 106:765. [PMID: 34433314 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1403-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum, Polygonaceae) is an annual plant originating in Southwest China. It has a short growth cycle, barren soil tolerance, and strong stress resistance (Zhang et al. 2021). Because of its high content of proteins, starch, trace elements, phenols, and dietary fiber, Tartary buckwheat is beneficial to the human body and hence has received widespread attention (Joshi et al. 2019; Dc ja, B, et al. 2020). In the period from September to November 2020, a diseased plant infected with gray mold was found among M2 generation plants treated using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in a location with potted Tartary buckwheat plants in Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. The diseased plant started to show symptoms during the initial flowering stage; water-soaked spots appeared at first, that the spots increased in size and turned into light brown patches, with the leaf edges scorched brown. In severe cases, the leaves turned yellow, the diseased spots became dry, and finally the leaves necrotic (Figure 1A). Among the leaves that showed disease symptoms, severely susceptible leaves were selected; a piece of tissue (2×2 mm) was removed at the junction of the diseased and healthy tissues. The tissue was then soaked in 75% ethanol for 2 to 3 s, transferred to 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and soaked for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, and placed on sterilized filter paper to dry. Sterile tweezers were used to transfer the tissue blocks to Potato Dextrose Agar medium (Bio-Rad Ltd. Com, USA) containing a Streptomyces-Penicillium mixture (100 μg/mL), and they were incubated on this medium for 7 to 10 days at 25°C and 70% humidity under 16 h light and 8 h dark conditions. The colonies were white at the early stages, with developed aerial hyphae; subsequently, they gradually turned gray-green (Figure 1B). In the later stages, the back of the colony was black and piles of conidia could be seen (Figure 1C). The conidia are scattered, which were colorless and transparent, fusiform or fusiform, with a size of 8.02-11.13 μm×2.06-3.22 μm (average=9.51 μm×2.69 μm, n=50) (Figure 1D). Based on their morphological characteristics, These cultural and morphological characteristics were consistent with the descriptions of as B. dothidea (Fan et al. 2021). The ITS1/ITS4 (Mills et al. 1992), Bt-2a/Bt-2b primers (Glass and Donaldson 1995), and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Slippers et al. 2004) were amplified and sequenced to analyze the ITS region, β-tubulin genes translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), respectively. According to BLAST search in GenBank, the sequences of ITS (MZ326853), TUB2 (MZ399162) and TEF1-α (MZ399163) had 99.40%, 100% and 100% similarity to sequences NR111146.1, AY236927.1, and AY236898.1 of B. dothidea ex-type strain CMW8000, respectively. The three nucleotide sequences were concatenated together, and MEGA-X (with the neighbor-joining method) with 1,000 bootstraps was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The results showed that our isolate was closely related to B. dothidea (Figure 2). Healthy Tartary buckwheat from the M2 generation was used for the pathogenicity test. Disinfect with 75% alcohol and 1×105 mL-1 of spore suspension was sprayed on the leaves. Each treatment included three plants, and it was repeated three times with sterile water as control. The treatments were kept in a houseat25°C for 24 h, then transferred it to the natural environment of 22℃ to 28℃,and sterile water was sprayed every morning and evening to keep the leaves moist. After 10 days, the symptoms seen in the field appeared on the treated plants (Figure 1E), but the control plants did not show any symptoms (Figure 1F). The diseased parts of the leaves were isolated and cultured again, and the isolates were consistent with the original inoculum. Thus, the study conformed to Koch's postulates. B. dothidea is a fungus with no host preference in the genus Botryosphaeria (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales). It can cause canker, leaf spots, trunk diseases, fruit rot and die-back of many important wood plants all over the world (Marsberg et al.2017). Recently, it was reported that B. dothidea caused soybean canker in China (Chen et al.2021), but there have been no reports of B. dothidea causing Tartary buckwheat gray mold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing gray mold on Tartary buckwheat. This finding will provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of Tartary buckwheat gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Guizhou University, 71206, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Jun Yan
- Cheng Du University, 74707, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yan Peng
- Guizhou University, 71206, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- Guizhou University, 71206, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Xin Yao
- Guizhou University, 71206, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Anjing Gao
- Guizhou University, 71206, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | | | - Jingjun Ruan
- No. 14 Xiafei Road, Huaxi DistrictGuiyang, China, 550025
- China;
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12661, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100081;
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Zeng L, Zhang J, Wang X, Liu Z. Isolation and Characterization of APETALA3 Orthologs and Promoters from the Distylous Fagopyrum esculentum. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081644. [PMID: 34451689 PMCID: PMC8402184 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) produces distylous flowers with undifferentiated petaloid tepals, which makes it obviously different from flowers of model species. In model species Arabidopsis, APETALA3 (AP3) is expressed in petal and stamen and specifies petal and stamen identities during flower development. Combining with our previous studies, we found that small-scale gene duplication (GD) event and alternative splicing (AS) of common buckwheat AP3 orthologs resulted in FaesAP3_1, FaesAP3_2 and FaesAP3_2a. FaesAP3_2 and FaesAP3_2a were mainly expressed in the stamen of thrum and pin flower. Promoters functional analysis suggested that intense GUS staining was observed in the whole stamen in pFaesAP3_2::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis, while intense GUS staining was observed only in the filament of stamen in pFaesAP3_1::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis. These suggested that FaesAP3_1 and FaesAP3_2 had overlapping functions in specifying stamen filament identity and work together to determine normal stamen development. Additionally, FaesAP3_2 and FaesAP3_2a owned the similar ability to rescue stamen development of Arabidopsis ap3-3 mutant, although AS resulted in a frameshift mutation and consequent omission of the complete PI-derived motif and euAP3 motif of FaesAP3_2a. These suggested that the MIK region of AP3-like proteins was crucial for determining stamen identity, while the function of AP3-like proteins in specifying petal identity was gradually obtained after AP3 Orthologs acquiring a novel C-terminal euAP3 motif during the evolution of core eudicots. Our results also provide a clue to understanding the early evolution of the functional specificity of euAP3-type proteins involving in floral organ development in core eudicots, and also suggested that FaesAP3_2 holds the potential application for biotechnical engineering to develop a sterile male line of F. esculentum.
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Biotechnological Methods for Buckwheat Breeding. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081547. [PMID: 34451594 PMCID: PMC8399956 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Fagopyrum genus includes two cultivated species, namely common buckwheat (F. esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.), and more than 25 wild buckwheat species. The goal of breeders is to improve the properties of cultivated buckwheat with methods of classical breeding, with the support of biotechnological methods or a combination of both. In this paper, we reviewed the possibility to use transcriptomics, genomics, interspecific hybridization, tissue cultures and plant regeneration, molecular markers, genetic transformation, and genome editing to aid in both the breeding of buckwheat and in the identification and production of metabolites important for preserving human health. The key problems in buckwheat breeding are the unknown mode of inheritance of most traits, associated with crop yield and the synthesis of medicinal compounds, low seed yield, shedding of seeds, differential flowering and seed set on branches, and unknown action of genes responsible for the synthesis of buckwheat metabolites of pharmaceutical and medicinal interest.
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Zenkova M. BIOACTIVATED BUCKWHEAT IN TERMS OF ITS NUTRITIONAL VALUEBIOACTIVATED BUCKWHEAT IN TERMS OF ITS NUTRITIONAL VALUE. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v15i2.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat is a gluten-free pseudocereal crop consumed as functional food in some regions. Traditionally, buckwheat grain is used to make buckwheat groats and flour. Bioactivation improves the nutritional value of buckwheat grain by activating hydrolytic enzymes that make nutrients available for the plant’s growth and for the human body. The article contains research on the content of nutrients in bioactivated buckwheat grain of the Kupava variety grown in Belarus. The study examined hulled buckwheat kernels (not steamed) of the botanical variety Kupava, cream-coloured with a greenish hue, with the humidity 12.0%, and with the proportion of sound kernels 99.4%. At the first stage of germination, bioactivated buckwheat grain was obtained in 48 hours. It had the following characteristics: humidity (39.2±1.0)%, sprout size (2.0±0.5) mm. According to the organoleptic parameters, the grain had a pleasant sweetish taste and a subtle nutty aftertaste. The components of bioactivated buckwheat grain that provide a person with the largest amounts of macronutrients are starch (31.84±0.6)%, sugars (5.1±0.3)%, and protein (5.67±0.02)%. Bioactivated buckwheat grain contains all essential amino acids (30.5% of the total quantity of amino acids). The limiting amino acid is threonine (amino acid score 31.7%). Of nonessential amino acids, there is a high content of glutamic acid (1.0972 g per 100 g). The difference ratio of the amino acid score is 54.75%, the potential biological value of the protein is 45.25%. 100 g of sprouted buckwheat grain contains 48.5% of the daily requirement of manganese, 24.0% of copper, 18.9% and 34.0% of iron (for women and for men respectively), about 23.0% of the daily requirement of vitamin B1, and 12.7% of the daily requirement of vitamin E. Besides, bioactivated buckwheat grain contains fibre (6.5% of the daily requirement on average). Bioactivated buckwheat grain can be consumed as a meal in its own right, as a side dish, as an additive to salads and fermented dairy products, or as a dessert when mixed with fruit purée, honey, or dried fruit.
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Schmidt D, Verruma-Bernardi MR, Forti VA, Borges MTMR. Quinoa and Amaranth as Functional Foods: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1950175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davi Schmidt
- MSc Program in Agroecology and Rural Development, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina Verruma-Bernardi
- Department of Agro Industrial Technology and Rural Socio-Economics, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Forti
- Department of Agro Industrial Technology and Rural Socio-Economics, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
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Abstract
This study characterized and compared 13 gluten-free (GF) flours (rice, brown rice, maize, oat, millet, teff, amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa, chickpea, gram, tiger nut, and plantain) for their nutritional and functional properties. For all GF flours investigated, starch was the major component, except for gram, chickpea, and tiger nut flours with lower starch content (<45%), but higher fiber content (8.8–35.4%). The higher amount of calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, similar values for iron and lower content of sodium in gram, makes this flour a good alternative to chickpea or other GF flour to develop healthier food products. Amaranth flour had a high protein digestibility, while tiger nut and millet flours were less digestible. Gram, chickpea, quinoa, buckwheat, and oat flours fulfilled amino acids recommendation for daily adult intake showing no limiting amino acid. Total polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity showed higher values for buckwheat, followed by quinoa and maize flours. Gram, chickpea, maize, and quinoa flours are good candidates to improve health conditions due to lower saturated fatty acid content. The findings of this study provide useful insights into GF flours and may contribute to the development of novel gluten-free products like bread, cookies, or pasta.
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Allai FM, Azad ZRAA, Gul K, Dar BN. Wholegrains: a review on the amino acid profile, mineral content, physicochemical, bioactive composition and health benefits. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Mehraj Allai
- Department of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Science Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora India
| | - ZRAA Azad
- Department of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Science Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Khalid Gul
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourekla India
| | - B. N. Dar
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora India
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Changes in Agricultural Performance of Common Buckwheat Induced by Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with cold plasma (CP) and an electromagnetic field (EMF) on the agricultural performance of two cultivars of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)—‘VB Vokiai’ and ‘VB Nojai’. For this, the effects of CP and EMF on seed germination, plant growth in the field, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass production, seed yield, and the amount of secondary metabolites and minerals in the harvested seeds were estimated. Although the percentage of seedlings that emerged under field conditions decreased by 11–20%, seed treatments strongly improved buckwheat growth and yield. Irrespective of differences in the dynamics of changes in the growth and photosynthetic activity between the two cultivars, the weight of seeds collected per plant for both cultivars was significantly higher (up to 70–97%) compared to the control. The biochemical composition of the harvested seeds (Fe, Zn, quercetin content) was also altered by seed treatments. Thus, pre-sowing treatment of buckwheat seeds with CP and EMF substantially stimulated plant growth in the field, increased biomass production, seed yield and nutritional quality. The results obtained strongly support the idea that plant seed treatment with physical stressors has great potential for use in agriculture.
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Sun W, Yu H, Liu M, Ma Z, Chen H. Evolutionary research on the expansin protein family during the plant transition to land provides new insights into the development of Tartary buckwheat fruit. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:252. [PMID: 33836656 PMCID: PMC8034093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant transitions to land require robust cell walls for regulatory adaptations and to resist changing environments. Cell walls provide essential plasticity for plant cell division and defense, which are often conferred by the expansin superfamily with cell wall-loosening functions. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of expansin during plant terrestrialization are unclear. RESULTS Here, we identified 323 expansin proteins in 12 genomes from algae to angiosperms. Phylogenetic evolutionary, structural, motif gain and loss and Ka/Ks analyses indicated that highly conserved expansin proteins were already present in algae and expanded and purified after plant terrestrialization. We found that the expansion of the FtEXPA subfamily was caused by duplication events and that the functions of certain duplicated genes may have differentiated. More importantly, we generated space-time expression profiles and finally identified five differentially expressed FtEXPs in both large and small fruit Tartary buckwheat that may regulate fruit size by responding to indoleacetic acid. CONCLUSIONS A total of 323 expansin proteins from 12 representative plants were identified in our study during terrestrialization, and the expansin family that originated from algae expanded rapidly after the plants landed. The EXPA subfamily has more members and conservative evolution in angiosperms. FtEXPA1, FtEXPA11, FtEXPA12, FtEXPA19 and FtEXPA24 can respond to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signals and regulate fruit development. Our study provides a blueprint for improving the agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat and a reference for defining the evolutionary history of the expansin family during plant transitions to land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
| | - Haomiao Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
| | - Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases and Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
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Buckwheat Seeds: Impact of Milling Fractions and Addition Level on Wheat Bread Dough Rheology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation of refined wheat flour with buckwheat flour requires a good understanding of the impact of milling fractions, their functionality, and addition level on bread quality. The chemical and functional characteristics of different particle fractions (large, medium, and small) of buckwheat flour on dough Mixolab rheological properties to predict bread quality were investigated. Moisture content, proteins, ash, lipids, and carbohydrates varied irregularly depending on the particle size. The medium particle fraction is the richest in protein, lipid and ash, which are positively correlated with its water and swelling properties and negatively correlated with its volumetric density. The alpha-amylase activity increased with the particle size increase in composite flour. The Mixolab data revealed that the decrease of particle size increased water absorption, dough viscosity during the starch gelatinization and retrogradation stage, while the addition level increased the dough development time and gel stability, and decreased the rate of protein weakening. Following the optimization process and the desirability function approach, it was established that the most appropriate rheological properties are provided by buckwheat flour addition level of 10.75% for medium particle fraction. These results can be helpful for bakery producers to diversify baked products with the desired particle fraction with optimal technological and nutritional properties along with beneficial effects to consumers.
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Gururani K, Sood S, Kumar A, Joshi DC, Pandey D, Sharma AR. Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2021; 30:551-574. [PMID: 33526962 PMCID: PMC7838019 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective production of input intensive crops in the present scenario have resulted in productivity stagnation or even decline due to excessive usage of chemicals, affecting the farmers economically. Sustainable agriculture is the way to increase agricultural productivity and economic prosperity by protecting all natural resources. It maintains a balance of soil fertility with crop productivity and nutritional quality. The mixed cropping systems followed earlier in different regions according to their tradition, climatic zone, soil and water conditions were climate-smart approaches to sustainable food production based on practical experiences over the years of old generations. The life style changes, imbalance in farming system in last 70 years and demand for more food as well as declining land resources resulted in intensive agriculture. Besides, least returns and less demand of ethnic crops gave more preference to major staple food crops. Barahnaja is a traditional orphan crops based mixed cropping system practiced in Himalayan region due to its sustainability and assured crop harvest during erratic weather conditions. This traditional farming method is an exemplary scientific approach to derive innovations with respect to productivity, quality, plant soil interactions and organic agriculture. The main focus of the review is to substantiate the characteristics of the traditional mixed cropping system by describing the advantages of the system and opportunities for scientific innovation towards new knowledge and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gururani
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - Salej Sood
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP India
| | - Dinesh C. Joshi
- ICAR-Vivekanada Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand 263601 India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - A. R. Sharma
- Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP India
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Zhang K, He M, Fan Y, Zhao H, Gao B, Yang K, Li F, Tang Y, Gao Q, Lin T, Quinet M, Janovská D, Meglič V, Kwiatkowski J, Romanova O, Chrungoo N, Suzuki T, Luthar Z, Germ M, Woo SH, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Resequencing of global Tartary buckwheat accessions reveals multiple domestication events and key loci associated with agronomic traits. Genome Biol 2021; 22:23. [PMID: 33430931 PMCID: PMC7802136 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a nutritionally balanced and flavonoid-rich crop plant that has been in cultivation for 4000 years and is now grown globally. Despite its nutraceutical and agricultural value, the characterization of its genetics and its domestication history is limited. RESULTS Here, we report a comprehensive database of Tartary buckwheat genomic variation based on whole-genome resequencing of 510 germplasms. Our analysis suggests that two independent domestication events occurred in southwestern and northern China, resulting in diverse characteristics of modern Tartary buckwheat varieties. Genome-wide association studies for important agricultural traits identify several candidate genes, including FtUFGT3 and FtAP2YT1 that significantly correlate with flavonoid accumulation and grain weight, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We describe the domestication history of Tartary buckwheat and provide a detailed resource of genomic variation to allow for genomic-assisted breeding in the improvement of elite cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ming He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yu Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bin Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Keli Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Faliang Li
- Research Station of Alpine Crop, Xichang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Liangshan, 616150 Sichuan China
| | - Yu Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Qiang Gao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 58083 Guangdong China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 45, boîte L7.07.13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Janovská
- Gene Bank, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Meglič
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacek Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Olga Romanova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bol’shaya Morskaya, 42-44, St. Petersburg, Russia 190000
| | - Nikhil Chrungoo
- Department of Botany, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022 India
| | - Tatsuro Suzuki
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192 Japan
| | - Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Room 107, Ziyuan North Building, Xueyuan South Road No. 80, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
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Penin AA, Kasianov AS, Klepikova AV, Kirov IV, Gerasimov ES, Fesenko AN, Logacheva MD. High-Resolution Transcriptome Atlas and Improved Genome Assembly of Common Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:612382. [PMID: 33815435 PMCID: PMC8010679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.612382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is an important non-cereal grain crop and a prospective component of functional food. Despite this, the genomic resources for this species and for the whole family Polygonaceae, to which it belongs, are scarce. Here, we report the assembly of the buckwheat genome using long-read technology and a high-resolution expression atlas including 46 organs and developmental stages. We found that the buckwheat genome has an extremely high content of transposable elements, including several classes of recently (0.5-1 Mya) multiplied TEs ("transposon burst") and gradually accumulated TEs. The difference in TE content is a major factor contributing to the three-fold increase in the genome size of F. esculentum compared with its sister species F. tataricum. Moreover, we detected the differences in TE content between the wild ancestral subspecies F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale and buckwheat cultivars, suggesting that TE activity accompanied buckwheat domestication. Expression profiling allowed us to test a hypothesis about the genetic control of petaloidy of tepals in buckwheat. We showed that it is not mediated by B-class gene activity, in contrast to the prediction from the ABC model. Based on a survey of expression profiles and phylogenetic analysis, we identified the MYB family transcription factor gene tr_18111 as a potential candidate for the determination of conical cells in buckwheat petaloid tepals. The information on expression patterns has been integrated into the publicly available database TraVA: http://travadb.org/browse/Species=Fesc/. The improved genome assembly and transcriptomic resources will enable research on buckwheat, including practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A. Penin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S. Kasianov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Klepikova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kirov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria D. Logacheva
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Maria D. Logacheva,
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Huda MN, Lu S, Jahan T, Ding M, Jha R, Zhang K, Zhang W, Georgiev MI, Park SU, Zhou M. Treasure from garden: Bioactive compounds of buckwheat. Food Chem 2020; 335:127653. [PMID: 32739818 PMCID: PMC7378508 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An extensive review on diverse bioactive components of buckwheat. Versatile beneficial phytochemicals are abundant in buckwheat. Buckwheat has a wide range of pharmacological and beneficial health effects. Huge research scope on Fagopyrum cymosum to identify the beneficial phytochemicals.
Buckwheat is a gluten-free crop under the family Polygonaceae abundant with beneficial phytochemicals that provide significant health benefits. It is cultivated and adapted in diverse ecological zones all over the world. Recently its popularity is expanding as a nutrient-rich healthy food with low-calories. The bioactive compounds in buckwheat are flavonoids (i.e., rutin, quercetin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin), fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and amino acids, iminosugars, dietary fiber, fagopyrins, resistant starch, vitamins, and minerals. Buckwheat possesses high nutritional value due to these bioactive compounds. Additionally, several essential bioactive factors that have long been gaining interest because these compounds are beneficial for healing and preventing several human diseases. The present review demonstrates an overview of the recent researches regarding buckwheat phytochemicals and particularly focusing on the distinct function of bioactive components with their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurul Huda
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tanzim Jahan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80208, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mengqi Ding
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-754, Republic of Korea
| | - Rintu Jha
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-754, Republic of Korea.
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets: current status and future interventions. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCurrent agricultural and food systems encourage research and development on major crops, neglecting regionally important minor crops. Small millets include a group of small- seeded cereal crops of the grass family Poaceae. This includes finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, teff, fonio, job’s tears, guinea millet, and browntop millet. Small millets are an excellent choice to supplement major staple foods for crop and dietary diversity because of their diverse adaptation on marginal lands, less water requirement, lesser susceptibility to stresses, and nutritional superiority compared to major cereal staples. Growing interest among consumers about healthy diets together with climate-resilient features of small millets underline the necessity of directing more research and development towards these crops. Except for finger millet and foxtail millet, and to some extent proso millet and teff, other small millets have received minimal research attention in terms of development of genetic and genomic resources and breeding for yield enhancement. Considerable breeding efforts were made in finger millet and foxtail millet in India and China, respectively, proso millet in the United States of America, and teff in Ethiopia. So far, five genomes, namely foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, teff, and Japanese barnyard millet, have been sequenced, and genome of foxtail millet is the smallest (423-510 Mb) while the largest one is finger millet (1.5 Gb). Recent advances in phenotyping and genomics technologies, together with available germplasm diversity, could be utilized in small millets improvement. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the importance of small millets, the global status of their germplasm, diversity, promising germplasm resources, and breeding approaches (conventional and genomic approaches) to accelerate climate-resilient and nutrient-dense small millets for sustainable agriculture, environment, and healthy food systems.
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Mohd Hanafiah N, Mispan MS, Lim PE, Baisakh N, Cheng A. The 21st Century Agriculture: When Rice Research Draws Attention to Climate Variability and How Weedy Rice and Underutilized Grains Come in Handy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E365. [PMID: 32188108 PMCID: PMC7154822 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rice, the first crop to be fully sequenced and annotated in the mid-2000s, is an excellent model species for crop research due mainly to its relatively small genome and rich genetic diversity. The 130-million-year-old cereal came into the limelight in the 1960s when the semi-dwarfing gene sd-1, better known as the "green revolution" gene, resulted in the establishment of a high-yielding semi-dwarf variety IR8. Deemed as the miracle rice, IR8 saved millions of lives and revolutionized irrigated rice farming particularly in the tropics. The technology, however, spurred some unintended negative consequences, especially in prompting ubiquitous monoculture systems that increase agricultural vulnerability to extreme weather events and climate variability. One feasible way to incorporate resilience in modern rice varieties with narrow genetic backgrounds is by introgressing alleles from the germplasm of its weedy and wild relatives, or perhaps from the suitable underutilized species that harbor novel genes responsive to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This review reminisces the fascinating half-century journey of rice research and highlights the potential utilization of weedy rice and underutilized grains in modern breeding programs. Other possible alternatives to improve the sustainability of crop production systems in a changing climate are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraikim Mohd Hanafiah
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Phaik Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Niranjan Baisakh
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Acga Cheng
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Yabe S, Iwata H. Genomics-assisted breeding in minor and pseudo-cereals. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:19-31. [PMID: 32351301 PMCID: PMC7180141 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Minor and pseudo-cereals, which can grow with lower input and often produce specific nutrients compared to major cereal crops, are attracting worldwide attention. Since these crops generally have a large genetic diversity in a breeding population, rapid genetic improvement can be possible by the application of genomics-assisted breeding methods. In this review, we discuss studies related to biparental quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association study, and genomic selection for minor and pseudo-cereals. Especially, we focus on the current progress in a pseudo-cereal, buckwheat. Prospects for the practical utilization of genomics-assisted breeding in minor and pseudo-cereals are discussed including the issues to overcome especially for these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Yabe
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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Satoh R, Jensen-Jarolim E, Teshima R. Understanding buckwheat allergies for the management of allergic reactions in humans and animals. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:85-92. [PMID: 32351307 PMCID: PMC7180145 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat allergy is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction that includes anaphylaxis mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Several IgE-binding proteins in common buckwheat have been reported to be possible clinically relevant buckwheat allergens. Although common buckwheat is popularly consumed in Asia, buckwheat allergy is becoming a serious problem not only in Asia but also in Europe. In addition, common buckwheat has also been found to be a causative agent of allergic symptoms in animals. In recent years, in addition to conventional food allergy testing methods, the development of component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) has improved the diagnostic accuracy of food allergy. The identification of allergens is essential for the construction of CRD. In this review, we introduce the different types of buckwheat allergens and discuss how each buckwheat allergen contributes to the diagnosis of buckwheat allergy. We also present the analysis of buckwheat allergen that will help reduce the allergenicity of common buckwheat and reduce buckwheat allergen molecules. These findings may be beneficial in overcoming buckwheat allergies in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Satoh
- Functionality Evaluation Unit, Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reiko Teshima
- Division of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Sciences, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Pseudocereal grains: Nutritional value, health benefits and current applications for the development of gluten-free foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111178. [PMID: 32035214 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are more conscious of the environmental and nutritional benefits of foods. Pseudocereals grains, edible seeds belonging to dicotyledonous plant species, are becoming a current trend in human diets as gluten-free (GF) grains with excellent nutritional and nutraceutical value. Pseudocereals are a good source of starch, fiber, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals such as saponins, polyphenols, phytosterols, phytosteroids, and betalains with potential health benefits. The present review aims to summarize the nutritional quality and phytochemical profile of the three main pseudocereal grains: quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat. In addition, current evidence about their health benefits in animal models and human studies is also provided in detail. Based on the accumulating research supporting the inclusion of pseudocereals grains in the diet of celiac persons, this review discusses the recent advances in their application for the development of new GF products. Future directions for a wider cultivation and commercial exploitation of these crops are also highlighted.
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Applications and Trends of Machine Learning in Genomics and Phenomics for Next-Generation Breeding. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010034. [PMID: 31881663 PMCID: PMC7020215 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Crops are the major source of food supply and raw materials for the processing industry. A balance between crop production and food consumption is continually threatened by plant diseases and adverse environmental conditions. This leads to serious losses every year and results in food shortages, particularly in developing countries. Presently, cutting-edge technologies for genome sequencing and phenotyping of crops combined with progress in computational sciences are leading a revolution in plant breeding, boosting the identification of the genetic basis of traits at a precision never reached before. In this frame, machine learning (ML) plays a pivotal role in data-mining and analysis, providing relevant information for decision-making towards achieving breeding targets. To this end, we summarize the recent progress in next-generation sequencing and the role of phenotyping technologies in genomics-assisted breeding toward the exploitation of the natural variation and the identification of target genes. We also explore the application of ML in managing big data and predictive models, reporting a case study using microRNAs (miRNAs) to identify genes related to stress conditions.
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Joshi DC, Zhang K, Wang C, Chandora R, Khurshid M, Li J, He M, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Strategic enhancement of genetic gain for nutraceutical development in buckwheat: A genomics-driven perspective. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107479. [PMID: 31707074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) under the family Polygonaceae is an ancient pseudocereal with stupendous but less studied nutraceutical properties. The gluten free nature of protein, balanced amino acid profile and health promoting bioactive flavonoids make it a golden crop of future. Besides a scanty basic research, not much attention has been paid to the improvement of plant type and breeding of nutraceutical traits. Scanning of scientific literature indicates that adequate genetic variation exists for agronomic and nutritional traits in mainstream and wild gene pool of buckwheat. However, the currently employed conventional approaches together with poorly understood genetic mechanisms restrict effective utilization of the existing genetic variation in nutraceutical breeding of buckwheat. The latest trends in buckwheat genomics, particularly avalilabity of draft genome sequences for both the cultivated species (F. esculentum and F.tataricum) hold immense potential to overcome these limitations. Utilizing the transgenic hairy rot cultures, role of various transcription factors and gene families have been deduced in production and biosynthesis of bioactive flavonoids. Further, the acquisition of high-density genomics data coupled with the next-generation phenotyping will certainly improve our understanding of underlying genetic regulation of nutraceutical traits. The present paper highlights the application of multilayered omics interventions for tailoring a nutrient rich buckwheat cultivar and nutraceutical product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh C Joshi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rahul Chandora
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Shimla, HP, India
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jinbo Li
- Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Ming He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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