1
|
Pires EG, Ferreira CR, Cavalcante RB, de Aguiar MCF, Mesquita RA, Alves PM, Nonaka CFW. Immunoexpression of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Salivary Gland Tumors: An Exploratory Study. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:589-598. [PMID: 37118353 PMCID: PMC10513970 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a cellular survival mechanism involved in several human diseases, but its participation in the development of salivary gland tumors is not fully understood. This study investigated the immunoexpression of autophagy-related proteins (autophagy-related 7 [Atg7], microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A [LC3A], microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B [LC3B], protein p62 [p62], and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin [p-mTOR]) in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands. METHODS Twenty PAs, 20 PACs, 20 MECs, and 14 ACCs were selected. The percentages of cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity for autophagy-related proteins in neoplastic cells were assessed and correlated with histopathological parameters. RESULTS Cytoplasmic immunoexpression of Atg7 was observed in all groups, with high median percentages of positivity. Regarding LC3A and LC3B, cytoplasmic immunoexpression was found in most PACs (95%) and in all cases of PA, MEC and ACC, with the highest percentages of positivity in PACs and PAs (p < 0.005). ACCs exhibited lower cytoplasmic immunoexpression of p-mTOR (p < 0.005) and lower nuclear expression of p62 (p < 0.05) when compared to PAs, PACs and MECs. Low nuclear immunoexpression of Atg7, LC3A and p-mTOR and absence of nuclear staining for LC3B were observed in all groups. Regarding histopathological parameters of PAs, MECs and ACCs, there were no significant differences in the expression of autophagy-related proteins. In all groups, positive correlations were observed between the immunoexpression of some autophagy-related proteins (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the participation of autophagy in the pathogenesis of PA, PAC, MEC, and ACC of salivary glands. Upregulation of autophagy and reduced nuclear translocation of p62 may contribute to the aggressive biological behavior of salivary gland ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuene Galdino Pires
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pollianna Muniz Alves
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, 351 - Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, CEP 58429-500, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Litwiniuk-Kosmala M, Makuszewska M, Czesak M. Endoglin in head and neck neoplasms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1115212. [PMID: 36844233 PMCID: PMC9950573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the head and neck region form a heterogeneous group of pathologies, including various benign lesions and malignant neoplasms. Endoglin, also known as CD105, is an accessory receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), that regulates angiogenesis, both under physiological and pathological conditions. It is highly expressed in proliferating endothelial cells. Therefore, it is considered as a marker of tumor-related angiogenesis. In this review we discuss the role of endoglin as a possible marker of carcinogenesis, as well as a potential target for antibody-based therapies in the neoplasms of the head and neck region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Makuszewska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czesak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of CD34 and PCNA expression in salivary and laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
4
|
Atarbashi-Moghadam S, Salehizalani S, Mokhtari S, Yazdani F. Expression of Ki-67, P63, P40, and alpha-smooth muscle actin in salivary gland carcinomas with or without myoepithelial differentiation. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_204_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
5
|
Ismerim AB, de Oliveira Araújo IB, de Aquino Xavier FC, Rocha CAG, Macedo CL, Cangussu MCT, Freitas VS, Della Coletta R, Cury PR, Santos JN. Mast Cells and Proteins Related to Myofibroblast Differentiation (PAR-2, IL-6, and TGFβ1) in Salivary Cancers: A Preliminary Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:e57-e67. [PMID: 33797435 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms represent an important group of cancers in the head and neck and myoepithelial cells play a key role on the development these tumors. This study evaluated the distribution of mast cells and related proteins (PAR-2, TGFβ1, IL-6) to the myofibroblastic differentiation in malignant tumors of salivary glands with and without myoepithelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical assessement for tryptase mast cells, SMA, PAR-2, TGFβ1, IL-6 was performed in 10 cases of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, 14 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 10 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. When the density of mast cells were compared between tumors, their density was significantly higher in MEC (P=0.08). Tumors with high expression of PAR-2 (79.4%) exhibited a high density of mast cells. Myofibroblasts were more frequent in malignant tumors with low expression (<50%) of cell masts. Individual analysis of the tumors showed no significant difference between the expression of PAR-2, IL-6, TGFβ1, and myofibroblasts. When the density of mast cells, myofibroblasts and the expression of PAR-2 protein, IL-6, and TGFβ1 were compared, it was no statistically significant difference between tumors with and without myoepithelial differentiation. The results of present study suggest a possible participation of mast cells and especially of PAR-2 in the development and progression of malignant salivary cancers, regardless of myoepithelial content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adna B Ismerim
- Department of Health, School of Dentistry, Southwestern State University of Bahia, Jequié
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria C T Cangussu
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia
| | - Valéria S Freitas
- Department of Health, School of Dentistry, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Cury
- Department of Periodontic, School of Dentistry, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pouloudi D, Sotiriadis A, Theodorakidou M, Sarantis P, Pergaris A, Karamouzis MV, Theocharis S. The Impact of Angiogenesis in the Most Common Salivary Gland Malignant Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249335. [PMID: 33302367 PMCID: PMC7762607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) represent a group of rare tumors, with complete surgical resection being the main treatment option. Therapeutic armory for cases of locally aggressive, recurrent, and/or metastatic SGCs, though, remains poor since they exhibit high rates of resistance to systematic therapy. Angiogenesis is considered one of the contemporary hallmarks of cancer and anti-angiogenic factors have already been approved for the treatment of several cancer types. This review aims to summarize, in a histotype-specific manner, the most current available data on the angiogenic factors implicated in SGC angiogenesis, in order to highlight the differences between the most common SGC histotypes and the factors that may have a potential role as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Pouloudi
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (A.S.); (M.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Aristoteles Sotiriadis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (A.S.); (M.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Margarita Theodorakidou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (A.S.); (M.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (A.S.); (M.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (A.S.); (M.T.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +30-210-7462178; Fax: +30-210-7456259
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alali F, Kochaji N. Proliferative Activity of Myoepithelial Cells in Normal Salivary Glands and Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Based on Double Immunohistochemical Labeling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1965-1970. [PMID: 30051681 PMCID: PMC6165645 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells (MEC) in normal salivary glands (NSG) and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC)) Study design. Twenty -three salivary gland specimens (13 ACC, 10 NSG) were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling for α smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)). Results There was a significant difference in PCNA reactivity in normal samples between myoepithelial cells of the parotid glands and of the submandibular glands, rates being higher in the latter. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells exhibited higher expression than neoplastic epithelial cells. In addition, myoepithelial cells of the cribriform type of ACC showed PCNA reactivity lower than those of the tubular type, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in epithelial cell rates. We could not identify myoepithelial cells in solid pattern due to α-SMA negativity; although high PCNA reactivity was evident. Conclusion These data suggest that the myoepithelial cell has a key role in ACC oncogenesis, more so than its epithelial cell counterparts. Moreover, the data provide a histopathological interpretation for aggressive clinical features of submandibular ACC, as the myoepithelial cells were less differentiated as compared to those of parotid glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alali
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Faculty College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Insulin-like Growth Factor II Messenger RNA-binding Protein 3 in Salivary Gland Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 24:422-6. [PMID: 26258757 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is strongly expressed in malignant tumors and has been associated with their aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of IMP3 in a series of salivary gland tumors. The sample consisted of 9 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 14 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), and 13 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) that were investigated by immunohistochemical technique. All cases of PA and MEC were positive for IMP3 particularly in the cytoplasm. PA showed 4 cases as high expression and 6 as low expression. MEC showed 10 cases as low expression and 3 as high expression. For ACC, 4 cases were high expression, whereas 6 cases were low expression. No significant difference was observed between tumors (P>0.05, Fisher's test) when both scores of IMP3 were compared. This study showed that MEC seems to be more sensitive to IMP3 than ACC and provided an insight into this protein in salivary gland tumors. Furthermore, although IMP3 is not a specific diagnostic marker to distinguish the tumors studied, it seems to mediate cell adhesion and migration in these tumors. Further studies should be performed to better understand the IMP3 biology in salivary gland tumors.
Collapse
|
9
|
de Souza LB, de Oliveira LC, Nonaka CFW, Lopes MLDDS, Pinto LP, Queiroz LMG. Immunoexpression of GLUT-1 and angiogenic index in pleomorphic adenomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary glands. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2549-2556. [PMID: 28299426 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and angiogenic index between pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), and mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of the salivary glands, and establish associations with the respective subtype/histological grade. Twenty PAs, 20 ACCs, and 10 MECs were submitted to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. GLUT-1 expression was semi-quantitatively evaluated and angiogenic index was assessed by microvessel counts using anti-CD34 antibody. Higher GLUT-1 immunoexpression was observed in the MECs compared to PAs and ACCs (p = 0.022). Mean number of microvessels was 66.5 in MECs, 40.4 in PAs, and 21.2 in ACCs (p < 0.001). GLUT-1 expression and angiogenic index showed no significant correlation in the tumors studied. Results suggest that differences in biological behavior of the studied tumors are related to GLUT-1. Benign and malignant salivary gland tumors differ in the angiogenic index; however, angiogenesis may be independent of the tumor cell's metabolic demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucileide Castro de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moghadam SA, Abadi AM, Mokhtari S. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD34 expression in salivary gland tumors. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:30-3. [PMID: 26097303 PMCID: PMC4451663 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.157197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor growth depends on angiogenesis which is assessed by measuring the tumor microvessel density (MVD) through CD34 immunostaining. The present study was performed to evaluate the situation of angiogenic activity in salivary gland neoplasms. The possible role of CD34 in progression and invasion of salivary gland tumors is also investigated. Materials and Methods: Tissue specimens of 15 pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and 15 malignant salivary gland tumors including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) were immunostained for CD34 protein. The most vascularized areas at low power magnification (hotspots) were selected for vessel counting at ×400 magnification. Then, the mean number of microvessels in three fields within the tumor mass was calculated. Results: MVD in PA and malignant salivary gland tumors were 10.93 ± 5.95 and 26.46 ± 7.32, respectively. Tumor angiogenesis in PA was much lower than other lesions (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between malignant tumors (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Salivary gland carcinomas demonstrated higher vascular density than benign PA despite of cell types and architecture. The reason for this higher angiogenic activity could be related to metabolic characteristics of malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saede Atarbashi Moghadam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Mohammad Abadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mokhtari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soares AB, Altemani A, de Oliveira TR, de Oliveira Fonseca Rodrigues F, Ribeiro-Silva A, Soave DF, Passador-Santos F, Brum ST, Napimoga MH, de Araújo VC. Comparison of the blood and lymphatic microvessel density of pleomorphic adenoma and Basal cell adenoma. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2015; 8:17-21. [PMID: 25987856 PMCID: PMC4405080 DOI: 10.4137/cpath.s23035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common tumor of the salivary gland, while basal cell adenoma (BCA) is an uncommon neoplasm. Blood and lymphatic vessels are crucial for tumor metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the blood and lymphatic vascular density and vascular and endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in PA and BCA tumors. In addition, cell proliferation was evaluated in these tumors. METHODS Blood and lymphatic vessel content, VEGF expression, and cell proliferation were analyzed in 30 cases of PA and 13 cases of BCA by immu-nohistochemistry using antibodies for CD34, CD105, D2–40, VEGF, and Mcm−2. RESULTS Regarding CD34 and CD105 expression, PA demonstrated a high vascularity and a low number of positive vessels, respectively. D2–40-positive lymphatic vessels were mainly located in the tumor capsules, with small intratumoral lymphatic vessels observed occasionally. VEGF expression revealed a remarkably heterogeneous immunoreactivity, alternating from weak or negative to positive or intense. BCA presented significantly higher CD34, CD34, CD105, D2–40, and VEGF expression compared to PA. No significant difference was found in cell proliferation between the tumors. CONCLUSION Although PA and BCA are considered part of the same spectrum of differentiation, this study showed that the blood and lymphatic vascularization of these tumors is different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Borges Soares
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Figueiredo Soave
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Passador-Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Trentin Brum
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Cavalcanti de Araújo
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Theocharis S, Gribilas G, Giaginis C, Patsouris E, Klijanienko J. Angiogenesis in salivary gland tumors: from clinical significance to treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:807-19. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1016424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Faur AC, Lazar E, Cornianu M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvascular density in salivary gland tumours. APMIS 2013; 122:418-26. [PMID: 23937241 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates whether salivary tumours with different morphology and evolution also differ in terms of neovascularization and VEGF expression and the prognostic value of the results. Surgical specimens from 45 patients - 8 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 7 Warthin tumours (WT), 5 basal cell adenomas (BA), 6 carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CEPA), 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 5 acinic cell carcinomas (AC), 4 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 4 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified (ADK NOS) - were immunostained. In malignant salivary tumours, the following mean microvascular density (MVD) values were recorded (± SD = Standard Deviation): 27.61 (SD ± 2.27) in cases with CEPA, 27.08 (DS ± 7.81) in AC and 32.93 (SD ± 7.76) in ADK NOS, with lower values for MEC 24.31(SD ± 2.88) and for ACC 22.13 (SD ± 5.44). For benign tumours, an MVD of 35.71 (SD ± 2.09) was recorded in WT and lower average values in PA (MVD = 14.84; SD ± 4.86) and in BA (MVD = 23.96; SD ± 9.13). MVD did not correlate with the investigated clinicopathological parameters. The VEGF expression is significantly more important (p = 0.001) in malignant salivary tumours as compared with benign ones. The VEGF expression and the microvascularization in salivary gland tumours are important elements to be considered when formulating a diagnosis and assessing case evolutions in patients with such tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Corina Faur
- Pathology Department, 'V. Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Timis, Romania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tadbir AA, Pardis S, Ashkavandi ZJ, Najvani AD, Ashraf MJ, Taheri A, Zadeh MA, Sardari Y. Expression of Ki67 and CD105 as proliferation and angiogenesis markers in salivary gland tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5155-9. [PMID: 23244127 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.10.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between CD105 and tumor cell proliferation in salivary gland tumors. METHODS In this study, 59 samples of salivary tumors from Khalili Hospital archive, including 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), 20 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as 10 cases of normal salivary gland tissue, were reviewed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD105 and Ki67 staining. RESULTS CD105 positive vessels were absent in normal salivary gland tissue in the vicinity of tumors (51.6% of all tumors were positive). There was a statistically significant difference in frequency of CD105 staining between PA and malignant tumors and between four groups of different lesions (p<0.000) being highest in MEC. Intratumoral microvessel density was also elevated in malignant neoplasms (2.61 ± 3.1) as compared to PA (0.46 ± 0.6). Normal salivary glands did not express Ki67. There was a statistically significant difference in frequency and percentage of Ki67 immunoreactivity in malignant neoplasms (86.5% and 10.7 ± 10.8 respectively) compared to PA (50% and 0.78 ± 0.2) and among the four groups values were highest in MEC (p<0.000). CONCLUSION n this study, it was observed a higher rate of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation was noted in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors, but no correlation was observed between these two markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Andisheh Tadbir
- Depatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Density of mast cells and microvessels in minor salivary gland tumors. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:309-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
16
|
Dhanuthai K, Sappayatosok K, Yodsanga S, Rojanawatsirivej S, Pausch NC, Pitak-Arnnop P. An analysis of microvessel density in salivary gland tumours: a single centre study. Surgeon 2012; 11:147-52. [PMID: 22878098 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Microvessel density (MVD) can be used for determining neoplastic neovascularisation. Tumour angiogenesis correlates with prognosis of cancers in many organs. The aims of this study were to evaluate MVD as demonstrated by CD31 and CD105 in salivary gland tumours (SGTs), and to correlate the MVD results with clinicopathological characteristics of the tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a retrospective cohort study design, we enrolled SGTs patients at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, over the 22-year period. The predictor variables included demographic, anatomic and histopathological parameters. The outcome measure was average CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD counted by the "hot spot" method. Descriptive, uni- and bivariate statistics were computed, and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 43 subjects with a mean age of 39.6 ± 17.8 years (range, 9-82), including 26 females (60.5%), diagnosed with SGTs. In this cohort, 58.1% of the cases were benign, and 83.7% were minor SGTs. There was a significant correlation between CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD (r = 0.8, P < 0.001), but mean CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD were 17.7 ± 9.3 and 12.8 ± 7.4, respectively (P = 0.009). Age, gender and tumour site were not individually associated with significant differences between CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD. Tumours with myoepithelial cells had lower MVD than those without myoepithelial cells (P = 0.04 for CD31; P = 0.03 for CD105). Only CD105-MVD showed statistical difference between benign and malignant SGTs (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MVD in SGTs can be demonstrated by CD31 and CD105. Despite a strong correlation, CD31-MVD is always higher than CD105-MVD and cannot differentiate between benign and malignant SGTs. The presence of myoepithelial cells within SGTs affects the MVD analysis using either CD31 or CD105, while age, gender and tumour location do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Dhanuthai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gleber-Netto FO, Florêncio TNG, de Sousa SF, Abreu MHNG, Mendonça EF, Aguiar MCF. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of minor salivary glands. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:603-9. [PMID: 22582704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands. This tumor is characterized by a great variability in clinical behavior, and little is known about the pathological mechanisms involved in its variance. Angiogenesis is an important step in tumor progression and is believed to be an essential event for metastatic dissemination. METHODS We aimed to investigate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma measuring the density of neoformed and lymphatic vessels using CD105 and D2-40 antibodies, respectively, and by immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGF-A and VEGF-C proteins. It was also investigated the expression of D2-40 in neoplastic cells. RESULTS We studied 26 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which showed great angiogenic activity measured by neoformed vessel density. However, a low density of lymphatics was observed. VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and D2-40 were commonly detected in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, but only VEGF-A expression correlated with neoformed vessel density. Recurrence and nodal metastasis were associated with low VEGF-A expression and low neoformed vessel density, indicating that impaired angiogenesis could lead to an aggressive phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis seems important in the modulation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma pathogenesis; however, none of the parameters analyzed could predict tumor behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 6:10-5. [PMID: 21948244 PMCID: PMC3311943 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted coordination of angiogenesis regulating signals, among them the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Angs), has been associated with abnormal angiogenesis and tumor progression. While VEGF induces endothelial cell proliferation, thereby initiating vessel formation, Angs are subsequently required for mural cell attachment, thus influencing remodeling and maturation of this vasculature. In addition to tumor cell, endothelial and mural cells, as well as myofibroblasts may also contribute to the secretion of these factors. In this study, we have analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 and the Angs receptor Tie2 in both the stroma and tumor cells of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of salivary gland. We have demonstrated that when myofibroblasts were detected adjacent to the cancer cells, they were frequently associated with intense positive staining for Ang-1 and Ang-2, and no reactivity to VEGF and Tie2. These myofibroblast-rich Ang-1 and Ang-2-stained areas were more commonly found in high-grade MEC cases than in low-grade ones. As for the malignant cells, they frequently expressed all proteins studied, but Ang-2 and VEGF were detected at higher levels compared to Ang-1 and Tie2. Our results indicate that the MEC environment favors cooperative activity between Angs and VEGF in modulating vascular growth and tumor aggressiveness.
Collapse
|
19
|
Demasi APD, Costa AF, Altemani A, Furuse C, Araújo NS, Araújo VC. Glucose transporter protein 1 expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland: correlation with grade of malignancy. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:107-13. [PMID: 20113375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), the most common primary salivary malignancy, shows great variability in clinical behaviour, thus demanding investigation to identify of prognostic markers. Since Warburg's studies, unrestricted cell growth during tumorigenesis has been linked to altered metabolism, implying hypoxic stimulation of glycolysis and diminished contribution of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cellular ATP supply. Hypothesizing that the study of MEC metabolic status could lead to the discovery of prognostic markers, we investigated by immunohistochemistry the expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), mitochondrial antigen and peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) in samples of MEC from different histological grades. Our results showed that mitochondrial antigen and Prx I were expressed in the majority of the MEC cases independent of the histological grade. In contrast Glut-1 expression increased significantly as the tumours became more aggressive. These results suggested that oxidative phosphorylation may contribute to ATP supply in all stages of MEC progression, and that the relative contribution of glycolysis over mitochondria for cellular ATP supply increases during MEC progression, favouring growth under low oxygen concentration. In addition, the observed high Prx I protein levels could provide protection to tumour cells against reactive oxygen species generated as a consequence of mitochondrial function and hypoxia-reoxygenation cycling. Altogether our findings suggest that upregulation of Glut-1 and Prx I constitute successful adaptive strategies of MEC cells conferring a growth advantage over normal salivary gland cells in the unstable oxygenation tumour environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P D Demasi
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cardoso SV, Souza KCN, Faria PR, Eisenberg ALA, Dias FL, Loyola AM. Assessment of angiogenesis by CD105 antigen in epithelial salivary gland neoplasms with diverse metastatic behavior. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:391. [PMID: 19889225 PMCID: PMC2777937 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the biology of metastasis development in salivary gland tumors is scarce. Since angiogenesis seems associated with this phenomenon in other tumors, we sought to compare salivary gland tumors with diverse metastatic behavior in order to improve the knowledge and management of these lesions. METHODS Samples from the most important salivary gland tumors were segregated according to its metastatic behavior and submitted to routine immunohistochemistry to identify vessels positive for CD105 expression. Frequency of positive cases and intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) was compared among the group of lesions. RESULTS CD105 positive vessels were absent in normal salivary gland tissue, were rare in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), more common in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas and highest in mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Only ACC with such feature were metastatic. IMD was higher in malignant rather than benign tumors. CONCLUSION Immunostaining of CD105 in salivary gland tumors implies participation of angiogenesis in the development of malignant lesions, as well as some role for myoepithelial cells in the control of new vessel formation. In addition, suggest that ACC with positive CD105 vessels are at higher risk for metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio V Cardoso
- Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|