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Sombetzki M, Reinholdt C, Winkelmann F, Rabes A, Koslowski N, Reisinger EC. A one-year unisexual Schistosoma mansoni infection causes pathologic organ alterations and persistent non-polarized T cell-mediated inflammation in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010932. [PMID: 36505463 PMCID: PMC9730239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In exhibiting gonochorism and phenotypic sexual dimorphism, Schistosoma spp. are unique among trematodes. Only females mating with male schistosomes can produce the highly immunogenic parasite eggs which determine the clinical picture of the disease schistosomiasis. The strong immune-modulatory effect of the eggs masks the influence of the adult worms. To shed light on the complexity of the immune response triggered by adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni, we performed a long-term unisexual infection experiment in mice. We were able to demonstrate that both male and female schistosomes can survive unpaired for one year in the murine host. Furthermore, unisexual S. mansoni infection leads to pronounced inflammation of the liver characterized by a non-polarized Th1/Th2 immune response, regardless of worm sex.
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2
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Cleenewerk L, Garssen J, Hogenkamp A. Clinical Use of Schistosoma mansoni Antigens as Novel Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1821. [PMID: 32903582 PMCID: PMC7438586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis states that improved hygiene and the resulting disappearance of once endemic diseases is at the origin of the enormous increase in immune related disorders such as autoimmune diseases seen in the industrialized world. Helminths, such as Schistosoma mansoni, are thought to provide protection against the development of autoimmune diseases by regulating the host's immune response. This modulation primarily involves induction of regulatory immune responses, such as generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and alternatively activated macrophages. This points toward the potential of employing helminths or their products/metabolites as therapeutics for autoimmune diseases that are characterized by an excessive inflammatory state, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1D) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we examine the known mechanisms of immune modulation by S. mansoni, explore preclinical and clinical studies that investigated the use of an array helminthic products in these diseases, and propose that helminthic therapy opens opportunities in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cleenewerk
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Beta Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Beta Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Beta Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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3
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Sombetzki M, Koslowski N, Rabes A, Seneberg S, Winkelmann F, Fritzsche C, Loebermann M, Reisinger EC. Host Defense Versus Immunosuppression: Unisexual Infection With Male or Female Schistosoma mansoni Differentially Impacts the Immune Response Against Invading Cercariae. Front Immunol 2018; 9:861. [PMID: 29743881 PMCID: PMC5930291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the intravascular diecious trematode Schistosoma spp. remains a serious tropical disease and public health problem in the developing world, affecting over 258 million people worldwide. During chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection, complex immune responses to tissue-entrapped parasite eggs provoke granulomatous inflammation which leads to serious damage of the liver and intestine. The suppression of protective host immune mechanisms by helminths promotes parasite survival and benefits the host by reducing tissue damage. However, immune-suppressive cytokines may reduce vaccine-induced immune responses. By combining a single-sex infection system with a murine air pouch model, we were able to demonstrate that male and female schistosomes play opposing roles in modulating the host’s immune response. Female schistosomes suppress early innate immune responses to invading cercariae in the skin and upregulate anergy-associated genes. In contrast, male schistosomes trigger strong innate immune reactions which lead to a reduction in worm and egg burden in the liver. Our data suggest that the female worm is a neglected player in the dampening of the host’s immune defense system and is therefore a promising target for new immune modulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sombetzki
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Koslowski
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Rabes
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Seneberg
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Franziska Winkelmann
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carlos Fritzsche
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Micha Loebermann
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emil C Reisinger
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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4
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Single-sex infection with female Schistosoma mansoni cercariae mitigates hepatic fibrosis after secondary infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005595. [PMID: 28542175 PMCID: PMC5453606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Schistosoma spp. affects more than 258 million people worldwide. Current treatment strategies are mainly based on the anthelmintic Praziquantel, which is effective against adult worms but neither prevents re-infection nor cures severe liver damage. The best long-term strategy to control schistosomiasis may be to develop an immunization. Therefore, we designed a two-step Schistosoma mansoni infection model to study the immune-stimulating effect of a primary infection with either male or female cercariae, measured on the basis of TH1/TH2-response, granuloma size and hepatic fibrosis after a secondary bisexual S. mansoni challenge. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS As a first step, mice were infected with exclusively female, exclusively male, or a mixture of male and female S. mansoni cercariae. 11 weeks later they were secondarily infected with male and female S. mansoni cercariae. At week 19, infection burden, granuloma size, collagen deposition, serum cytokine profiles and the expression of inflammatory genes were analyzed. Mice initially infected with female S. mansoni cercariae displayed smaller hepatic granulomas, livers and spleens, less hepatic fibrosis and higher expression of Ctla4. In contrast, a prior infection with male or male and female S. mansoni did not mitigate disease progression after a bisexual challenge. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide evidence that an immunization against S. mansoni is achievable by exploiting gender-specific differences between schistosomes.
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Shi HP, Lu DB, Shen L, Shi T, Gu J. Single- or mixed-sex Schistosoma japonicum infections of intermediate host snails in hilly areas of Anhui, China. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:717-21. [PMID: 24292605 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonicum is one of the most serious communicable diseases, and the transmission of the parasite is dependent of its complex life cycle on which many factors can have an impact. Multiple infections comprising both male and female schistosome within snail intermediate hosts, for example, would facilitate parasite transmission. However, no research on Schistosoma japonicum communities in field-collected Oncomelania hupensis hupensis in relation to schistosome sex has been reported. Therefore, snail survey was performed in a hilly region of Anhui, China, and single- or mixed-sex schistosome infections of snails were detected with final host mouse infection. A total of 8,563 snails were sampled in the field, and 67 were identified with schistosome infections. Of these infected snails, 46 were selected for final host infection. From this, 21 snails were infected with female schistosome, 23 with males and 2 with both males and females. More worms were recovered for snails with mixed-sex infections than with single-sex infection and for snails with male schistosome infection than with female infection (P<0.001). The observed frequency of mixed-sex infections of snails was significantly higher than would be expected if randomly distributed (P<0.01). The ratio male/female of schistosome infections in snails was nearly equal and up to 95.65 % (44/46) of infected snails were single-sex infection. Schistosome infections in snails collected from the hilly area of Anhui Province were not randomly distributed but over-dispersed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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6
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Beschin A, De Baetselier P, Van Ginderachter JA. Contribution of myeloid cell subsets to liver fibrosis in parasite infection. J Pathol 2012; 229:186-97. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beschin
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory; VIB Brussels Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory; VIB Brussels Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory; VIB Brussels Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels Belgium
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7
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A novel mouse model of Schistosoma haematobium egg-induced immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002605. [PMID: 22479181 PMCID: PMC3315496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium is the etiologic agent for urogenital schistosomiasis, a major source of morbidity and mortality for more than 112 million people worldwide. Infection with S. haematobium results in a variety of immunopathologic sequelae caused by parasite oviposition within the urinary tract, which drives inflammation, hematuria, fibrosis, bladder dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to urothelial carcinoma. While humans readily develop urogenital schistosomiasis, the lack of an experimentally-tractable model has greatly impaired our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this important disease. We have developed an improved mouse model of S. haematobium urinary tract infection that recapitulates several aspects of human urogenital schistosomiasis. Following microinjection of purified S. haematobium eggs into the bladder wall, mice consistently develop macrophage-rich granulomata that persist for at least 3 months and pass eggs in their urine. Importantly, egg-injected mice also develop urinary tract fibrosis, bladder dysfunction, and various urothelial changes morphologically reminiscent of human urogenital schistosomiasis. As expected, S. haematobium egg-induced immune responses in the immediate microenvironment, draining lymph nodes, and systemic circulation are associated with a Type 2-dominant inflammatory response, characterized by high levels of interleukin-4, eosinophils, and IgE. Taken together, our novel mouse model may help facilitate a better understanding of the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of epithelial dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and oncogenesis associated with urogenital schistosomiasis. Urogenital schistosomiasis (infection with parasitic Schistosoma haematobium worms, the most common human-specific Schistosoma species globally) affects over 112 million people worldwide. S. haematobium worms primarily lay eggs in the bladder, upper urinary and genital tracts, and the host immune response to these eggs is considered to cause almost all associated disease in these organs. Resulting conditions include hematuria (bloody urine), urinary frequency, fibrosis (internal scarring) of the urinary tract, increased risk of bladder cancer, and enhanced susceptibility to contracting HIV. Approximately 150,000 people die annually from S. haematobium-induced obstructive kidney failure alone, making this species one of the deadliest worms worldwide. Despite the importance of S. haematobium, a lack of an experimentally manipulable model has contributed to the paucity of research focusing on this parasite. We have circumvented the barriers to natural S. haematobium oviposition in the mouse bladder by directly microinjecting parasite eggs into the bladder wall. This triggers inflammation, hematuria, urinary frequency, fibrosis, egg shedding, and epithelial changes that are similar to that seen in clinical S. haematobium infections. Our model may provide new opportunities to better understand the basic molecular and cellular immunology of urogenital schistosomiasis and thereby contribute to the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics.
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8
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Bin Dajem SM, Shati AA, Adly MA, Ahmed OM, Ibrahim EH, Mostafa OMS. Green tea (Camellia sinesis) ameliorates female Schistosoma mansoni-induced changes in the liver of Balb/C mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 18:361-8. [PMID: 23961148 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effect of green tea, an aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis, on the oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and liver pathology of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Green tea at concentration of 3% (w/v) was given orally to treated mice as sole source of drinking water from the end of the 4th week to the end of 10th week post-infection; untreated mice were allowed to drink normal water. The data of the studied S. mansoni-infected mice exhibited a suppression of hepatic total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione content. The liver lipid peroxidation was deleteriously elevated in S. mansoni-infected mice. The hepatic total protein content, AST and ALT activities were profoundly decreased in the S. mansoni-infected mice. Most hepatocytes were damaged and showed abnormal microscopic appearance with aggressive necrosis. Both total protein and glycogen levels have been greatly reduced as indicated by histochemical examination. The treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with green tea succeeded to suppress oxidative stress by decreasing the lipid peroxides but failed to significantly enhance the antioxidant defense system and deteriorated changes owing to liver damage and necrosis. In consistence with biochemical data, histopathological and histochemical data indicated that treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with green tea could ameliorate hepatocytes thus reduce cellular necrosis and partially restore both total protein and glycogen levels. Thus, the study concluded that the green tea suppresses the oxidative stress through its constituent with free radicals scavenging properties rather than through the endogenous antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Bin Dajem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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9
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de Oliveira Fraga LA, Torrero MN, Tocheva AS, Mitre E, Davies SJ. Induction of type 2 responses by schistosome worms during prepatent infection. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:464-72. [PMID: 20043751 DOI: 10.1086/649841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During natural schistosome infection, the induction of T helper type 2 (Th2) responses has been ascribed to parasite eggs, because exposure of the host to this life-cycle stage elicits a polarized Th2 response to egg antigens. In the present study, we show that schistosome worms also elicit systemic, antigen-specific type 2 responses during prepatent infection, before egg deposition begins. CD4(+) T cells producing interleukin (IL)-4 were induced by both male and female worms during single-sex infections, demonstrating that this response is independent of exposure to eggs. The Th2 response was accompanied by production of immunoglobulin E and the sensitization of circulating basophils to produce additional IL-4 in response to schistosome antigens. Together, our data show that schistosome worms establish an immunologic milieu where CD4(+) T cells and basophils are both primed to produce IL-4 before eggs are laid, suggesting that worms play a role in establishment of the Th2 response that is critical for host survival and parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Alves de Oliveira Fraga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Kusel JR, Al-Adhami BH, Doenhoff MJ. The schistosome in the mammalian host: understanding the mechanisms of adaptation. Parasitology 2007; 134:1477-526. [PMID: 17572930 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007002971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYIn this review, we envisage the host environment, not as a hostile one, since the schistosome thrives there, but as one in which the relationship between the two organisms consists of constant communication, through signalling mechanisms involving sense organs, surface glycocalyx, surface membrane and internal organs of the parasite, with host fluids and cells. The surface and secretions of the schistosome egg have very different properties from those of other parasite stages, but adapted for the dispersal of the eggs and for the preservation of host liver function. We draw from studies of mammalian cells and other organisms to indicate how further work might be carried out on the signalling function of the surface glycocalyx, the raft structure of the surface and existence of pores in the surface membrane, the repair of the surface membrane, the role of the membrane structure in ion channel function (including recent work on the actin cytoskeleton and calcium channels) and the possible role of P-glycoproteins in the adaptation of the parasite to its environment. We are speculative in some areas, such as the suggestions that variability in surface properties of schistosomes may relate to the existence of membrane rafts and that parasite communities may exhibit quorum sensing. This speculative approach is adopted with the hope that future work on the whole organisms and their interactions will be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kusel
- Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Boissier J, Jarkovsky J, Morand S, Moné H. A model to explain the origin of a parasite sex-specific population structure. Theor Popul Biol 2004; 66:269-76. [PMID: 15465127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A discrete time model was built to understand the origin of the sex-specific population structure of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. We have estimated both male/female individual ratio and male/female genotype ratio of this parasite taking into account all the experimental published values on differential male and female life-history traits all along the life cycle. We considered in our model male and female life-history traits when both separated and together. The model showed that both male/female individual ratio and male/female genotype ratio of S. mansoni adults are biased toward males in each combination. This bias was more important in male/female genotype ratio than in the male/female individual ratio for the same initial values of cercarial development success. This model could explain the sex specific population structure of this parasite. Firstly, we showed that the male-biased individual ratio finds its origin in the vertebrate host. Secondly, we showed that the male-biased genotype ratio originates prior to any interrelationship between adult worms and could generate by itself a sex-specific genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boissier
- Functional and Evolutive Parasitology (UMR 5555), University of Perpignan, France.
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12
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Smith P, Walsh CM, Mangan NE, Fallon RE, Sayers JR, McKenzie ANJ, Fallon PG. Schistosoma mansoni worms induce anergy of T cells via selective up-regulation of programmed death ligand 1 on macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:1240-8. [PMID: 15240716 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infectious pathogens can selectively stimulate activation or suppression of T cells to facilitate their survival within humans. In this study we demonstrate that the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni has evolved with two distinct mechanisms to suppress T cell activation. During the initial 4- to 12-wk acute stages of a worm infection both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are anergized. In contrast, infection with male and female worms induced T cell anergy at 4 wk, which was replaced after egg laying by T cell suppression via a known NO-dependent mechanism, that was detected for up to 40 wk after infection. Worm-induced anergy was mediated by splenic F4/80(+) macrophages (Mphi) via an IL-4-, IL-13-, IL-10-, TGF-beta-, and NO-independent, but cell contact-dependent, mechanism. F4/80(+) Mphi isolated from worm-infected mice were shown to induce anergy of naive T cells in vitro. Furthermore, naive Mphi exposed to live worms in vitro also induced anergy in naive T cells. Flow cytometry on in vivo and in vitro worm-modulated Mphi revealed that of the family of B7 costimulatory molecules, only programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was selectively up-regulated. The addition of inhibitory mAb against PD-L1, but not PD-L2, to worm-modulated Mphi completely blocked the ability of these cells to anergize T cells. These data highlight a novel mechanism through which S. mansoni worms have usurped the natural function of PD-L1 to reduce T cell activation during early acute stages of infection before the subsequent emergence of egg-induced T cell suppression in the chronic stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Schistosomes are unusual, together with some of the didymozoidae, in that they are dioecious instead of being hermaphrodite. This gonochorism is accompanied with morphological, ecological, behavioural and molecular differences between the male and the female parasites all through their life cycle. This review is an overview of the sexual biology of schistosomes and aims to provide the most recent information that may help to build future control strategies against these parasites. It proposes a new view of the life cycle of schistosomes, taking into account the sexual status of each developmental stage. It presents the relevant information available on the genetic and phenotypic sexual dimorphisms of these parasites; it proposes a comparison between the host-male parasite and the host-female parasite interactions in both the molluscan intermediate and the mammalian definitive hosts; it exposes the male-female parasite interactions that exist in both the mollusc and the mammalian hosts at the parasite individual and populational levels. This review highlights the domains of research that are still unexplored but that would be of great interest for a better knowledge of the sexual way of life of the parasites which are still responsible for one of the most important human parasitic diseases in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Moné
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5555 CNRS-UP, Centre de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne, Université, 566860 Perpignan Cedex, France
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Cheever AW, Lenzi JA, Lenzi HL, Andrade ZA. Experimental models of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:917-40. [PMID: 12471417 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of Schistosoma mansoni infections in mammals have contributed greatly to our understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of infection. We consider here hepatic and extrahepatic disease in models of acute and chronic infection. Experimental schistosome infections have also contributed more broadly to our understanding of granulomatous inflammation and our understanding of Th1 versus Th2 related inflammation and particularly to Th2-mediated fibrosis of the liver.
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15
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Hayashi N, Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Osada Y, Mohamed RT, Nakano H, Kashiwamura SI, Hyodo Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Hada T, Higashino K, Kojima S, Nakanishi3 K. Kupffer Cells from Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice Participate in the Prompt Type 2 Differentiation of Hepatic T Cells in Response to Worm Antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni, a portal vein-residing helminth, is well known to generate life cycle-dependent, systemic immune responses in the host, type 1 deviation during the prepatent period, and type 2 polarization after oviposition. Here we investigated local immunological changes in the liver after infection. Unlike splenocytes, hepatic lymphocytes from infected mice during the prepatent period already produced a higher amount of IL-4 and a lesser amount of IFN-γ than those from uninfected mice. Hepatic lymphocytes, particularly conventional T cells, but not NK1.1+ T cells, promptly produced IL-4 in response to worm products, soluble worm Ag preparation (SWAP), whenever presented by Kupffer cells from infected mice. The hepatic lymphocytes that had been stimulated with SWAP presented by infected mice-derived Kupffer cells produced a huge amount of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 as well as little IFN-γ in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. Kupffer cells from uninfected mice produced IL-6 and IL-10, but not IL-12 or IL-18, in response to SWAP stimulation and gained the potential to additionally produce IL-4 and IL-13 after the infection. These results suggested that prompt type 2 deviation in the liver after the infection might be due to the alteration of Kupffer cells that induces SWAP-mediated type 2-development of hepatic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- †Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, and
- ∥Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Osada
- ¶Department of Parasitology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Raafat T. Mohamed
- ¶Department of Parasitology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | - Shin-ichiro Kashiwamura
- ‡Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- §Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- ∥Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- §Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- ∥Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Higashino
- *Third Department of Internal Medicine,
- ‡Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Somei Kojima
- ¶Department of Parasitology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kenji Nakanishi3
- †Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, and
- ‡Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- ∥Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Wynn TA. Immune deviation as a strategy for schistosomiasis vaccines designed to prevent infection and egg-induced immunopathology. Microbes Infect 1999; 1:525-34. [PMID: 10603569 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(99)80092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T A Wynn
- The Schistosomiasis Immunology and Pathology Unit, Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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