1
|
Vagher J, Mehrhoff CJ, Florou V, Maese LD. Genetic Predisposition to Sarcoma: What Should Clinicians Know? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024:10.1007/s11864-024-01192-6. [PMID: 38713268 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Pathogenic germline variants in the setting of several associated cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) may lead to the development of sarcoma. We would consider testing for a CPS in patients with a strong family history of cancer, multiple primary malignancies, and/or pediatric/adolescent/young adult patients diagnosed with other malignancies strongly associated with CPS. When a CPS is diagnosed in a patient with sarcoma, additional treatment considerations and imaging options for those patients are required. This applies particularly to the use of radiation therapy, ionizing radiation with diagnostic imaging, and the use of alkylating chemotherapy. As data and guidelines are currently lacking for many of these scenarios, we have adopted a shared decision-making process with patients and their families. If the best chance for cure in a patient with CPS requires utilization of radiation therapy or alkylating chemotherapy, we discuss the risks with the patient but do not omit these modalities. However, if there are treatment options that yield equivalent survival rates, yet avoid these modalities, we elect for those options. Considering staging imaging and post-therapy evaluation for sarcoma recurrence, we avoid surveillance techniques that utilize ionizing radiation when possible but do not completely omit them when their use is indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Vagher
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Casey J Mehrhoff
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Vaia Florou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Luke D Maese
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Würtemberger J, Ripperger T, Vokuhl C, Bauer S, Teichert-von Lüttichau I, Wardelmann E, Niemeyer CM, Kratz CP, Schlegelberger B, Hettmer S. Genetic susceptibility in children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with soft-tissue sarcomas. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104718. [PMID: 36764384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) may arise as a consequence of germline variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). We believe that elucidating germline sarcoma predisposition is critical for understanding disease biology and therapeutic requirements. Participation in surveillance programs may allow for early tumor detection, early initiation of therapy and, ultimately, better outcomes. Among children, adolescents, and adults diagnosed with soft-tissue sarcomas and examined as part of published germline sequencing studies, pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in CPGs were reported in 7-33% of patients. P/LP germline variants were detected most frequently in TP53, NF1 and BRCA1/2. In this review, we describe reported associations between soft tissue sarcomas and germline variants in CPGs, with mentioning of locally aggressive and benign soft tissue tumors that have important associations with cancer predisposition syndromes. We also discuss recommendations for diagnostic germline genetic testing. Testing for sarcoma-predisposing germline variants should be considered as part of the routine clinical workup and care of any child, adolescent, or adult diagnosed with STS and take into account consequences for the whole family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Würtemberger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Irene Teichert-von Lüttichau
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian P Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao C, Tan T, Zhang E, Wang T, Gong H, Jia Q, Liu T, Yang X, Zhao J, Wu Z, Wei H, Xiao J, Yang C. A chronicle review of new techniques that facilitate the understanding and development of optimal individualized therapeutic strategies for chordoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1029670. [PMID: 36465398 PMCID: PMC9708744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1029670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor that mainly occurs in the sacrum and the clivus/skull base. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for chordoma, but the local recurrence rate is high with unsatisfactory prognosis. Compared with other common tumors, there is not much research and individualized treatment for chordoma, partly due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of appropriate disease models, which delay the discovery of therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in modern techniques have enabled gaining a better understanding of a number of rare diseases, including chordoma. Since the beginning of the 21st century, various chordoma cell lines and animal models have been reported, which have partially revealed the intrinsic mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression with the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. In this study, we performed a systematic overview of the chordoma models and related sequencing studies in a chronological manner, from the first patient-derived chordoma cell line (U-CH1) to diverse preclinical models such as the patient-derived organoid-based xenograft (PDX) and patient-derived organoid (PDO) models. The use of modern sequencing techniques has discovered mutations and expression signatures that are considered potential treatment targets, such as the expression of Brachyury and overactivated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Moreover, computational and bioinformatics techniques have made drug repositioning/repurposing and individualized high-throughput drug screening available. These advantages facilitate the research and development of comprehensive and personalized treatment strategies for indicated patients and will dramatically improve their prognoses in the near feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, 905 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - E. Zhang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyi Gong
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia B, Biswas K, Foo TK, Torres T, Riedel-Topper M, Southon E, Kang Z, Huo Y, Reid S, Stauffer S, Zhou W, Zhu B, Koka H, Yepes S, Brodie SA, Jones K, Vogt A, Zhu B, Cater B, Freedman ND, Hicks B, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Couch F, Parry DM, Monteiro AN, Goldstein AM, Carvalho MA, Sharan SK, Yang XR. Rare germline variants in PALB2 and BRCA2 in familial and sporadic chordoma. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1396-1407. [PMID: 35762214 PMCID: PMC9444938 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with genetic risk factors largely unknown. We conducted a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of germline DNA from 19 familial chordoma cases in five pedigrees and 137 sporadic chordoma patients and identified 17 rare germline variants in PALB2 and BRCA2, whose products play essential roles in homologous recombination (HR) and tumor suppression. One PALB2 variant showed disease cosegregation in a family with four affected people or obligate gene carrier. Chordoma cases had a significantly increased burden of rare variants in both genes when compared to population-based controls. Four of the six PALB2 variants identified from chordoma patients modestly affected HR function and three of the 11 BRCA2 variants caused loss of function in experimental assays. These results, together with previous reports of abnormal morphology and Brachyury expression of the notochord in Palb2 knockout mouse embryos and genomic signatures associated with HR defect and HR gene mutations in advanced chordomas, suggest that germline mutations in PALB2 and BRCA2 may increase chordoma susceptibility. Our data shed light on the etiology of chordoma and support the previous finding that PARP-1 inhibitors may be a potential therapy for some chordoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kajal Biswas
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tzeh Keong Foo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Thiago Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Riedel-Topper
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Southon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhihua Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yanying Huo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Susan Reid
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stacey Stauffer
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hela Koka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally Yepes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth A. Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurelie Vogt
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Cater
- American Cancer Society, Inc, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fergus Couch
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dilys M. Parry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alvaro N. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alisa M. Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo A. Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro - IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil
| | - Shyam K. Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Updates in Pathology for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6400-6418. [PMID: 36135073 PMCID: PMC9497884 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal tumors are extremely rare. More than 70% of primary retroperitoneal soft tissue tumors are malignant. The most common sarcomas in the retroperitoneum include liposarcomas and leiomyosarcoma, however other sarcomas, along with benign mesenchymal tumors, can occur. Sarcomas are a heterogenous group of tumors with overlapping microscopic features, posing a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist. Correct tumor classification has become important for prognostication and the evolving targeted therapies for sarcoma subtypes. In this review, the pathology of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas is discussed, which is important to the surgical oncologist. In addition, less common sarcomas and benign mesenchymal tumors of the retroperitoneum, which may mimic sarcoma clinically and pathologically, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Huo X, Wang K, Song L, Yang Y, Zhu S, Ma J, Tian K, Fan Y, Wang L, Wu Z. Bibliometric analysis of publication trends in chordoma research (1992−2021). INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Jabbar R, Jankowski J, Pawełczyk A, Szmyd B, Solek J, Pierzak O, Wojdyn M, Radek M. Cervical Paraspinal Chordoma: A Literature Review with a Novel Case Report. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144117. [PMID: 35887879 PMCID: PMC9325254 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare malignant neoplasms, accounting for 1–4% of all primary bone tumors. Most spinal chordomas occur in the sacrococcygeal region and the base of the skull; however, 6% of chordomas are observed in the cervical spine. In these cases, the lesion is mainly located in the midline. These tumors slowly grow before becoming symptomatic and encase the surrounding vascular and nerve structures. Patients with advanced chordoma have a poor prognosis due to local recurrence with infiltration and destruction of adjacent bone and tissues. Systemic chemotherapy options have not been fully effective in these tumors, especially for recurrent chordomas. Thus, new combinations of currently available targeted molecular and biological therapies with radiotherapy have been proposed as potential treatment modalities. Here, the present paper describes the case of a 41-year-old male with a C2–C4 chordoma located paravertebrally, who underwent surgical resection with a debulking procedure for a cervical chordoma. Computed tomography angiography revealed a paraspinal mass with bone remodeling and the MRI showed a paravertebral mass penetrating to the spinal canal with a widening of the intervertebral C2–C3 foramen. Initially, the tumor was diagnosed as schwannoma based on its localization and imaging features; however, the histopathology specimen confirmed the diagnosis of chordoma. This case study highlights the effectivity of radical surgical resection as a mainstay treatment for chordomas, discusses neuroimaging, diagnosis, and the use of currently available targeted therapies and forthcoming treatment strategies, as alternative treatment options for chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Redwan Jabbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Julia Solek
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Olaf Pierzak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Wojdyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Radek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (R.J.); (J.J.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (O.P.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalessi M, Gholami MS, Razmara E, Hassanzadeh S, Sadeghipour A, Jahanbakhshi A, Tabibkhooei A, Bahrami E, Falah M. Association between TBXT rs2305089 polymorphism and chordoma in Iranian patients identified by a developed T-ARMS-PCR assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24150. [PMID: 34837714 PMCID: PMC8761424 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma is a locally aggressive bone tumor with a high capability of recurrence. Because chordoma often occurs at critical locations next to neurovascular structures, there is an urgent need to introduce validated biomarkers. T‐box transcription factor T (TBXT; OMIM: 601397) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and survival of chordoma cells. Methods Herein, we aimed to show whether rs2305089 polymorphism is correlated with chordoma in the Iranian population. In order to detect rs2305089, tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (T‐ARMS‐PCR) was used. In total, 19 chordoma patients and 108 normal healthy individuals were recruited and screened using T‐ARMS‐PCR. The results were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing. Results The genotype distributions and allele frequencies were significantly different among the patient and healthy groups (p‐value <0.05). The A allele of rs2305089 showed a significant positive association with chordoma risk (p‐value <0.05). DNA sequencing verified the T‐ARMS‐PCR results as well. This study demonstrated the association between TBXT rs2305089 and chordoma in an Iranian population using a simple, accurate, and cost‐effective T‐ARMS‐PCR assay. Conclusions Our results were in line with those of previous studies showing that TBXT rs2305089 is associated with chordoma development. We also developed an efficient T‐ARMS‐PCR assay to determine the genotype of rs2305089.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Gholami
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sajad Hassanzadeh
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghipour
- Pathology Department, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Jahanbakhshi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibkhooei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eshagh Bahrami
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sumransub N, Murugan P, Marette S, Clohisy DR, Skubitz KM. Multiple malignant tumors in a patient with familial chordoma, a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:213. [PMID: 34465320 PMCID: PMC8406958 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma is a rare bone tumor that is typically resistant to chemotherapy and is associated with genetic abnormalities of the T-box transcription factor T (TBXT) gene, which encodes the transcription factor brachyury. Brachyury is felt to be a major contributor to the development of chordomas. Case presentation We describe a 67-year-old woman who developed an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in her thigh. Despite treatment with standard chemotherapy regimens, she had a rapidly progressive course of disease with pulmonary metastases and passed away 8 months from diagnosis with pulmonary complications. Her medical history was remarkable in that she had a spheno-occipital chordoma at age 39 and later developed multiple other tumors throughout her life including Hodgkin lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. She had a family history of chordoma and her family underwent extensive genetic study in the past and were found to have a duplication of the TBXT gene. Conclusions Brachyury has been found to associate with tumor progression, treatment resistance, and metastasis in various epithelial cancers, and it might play roles in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness in this patient with multiple rare tumors and germ line duplication of the TBXT gene. Targeting this molecule may be useful for some malignancies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01064-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuttavut Sumransub
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,The Masonic Cancer Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shelly Marette
- The Masonic Cancer Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Radiology, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Denis R Clohisy
- The Masonic Cancer Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2450 Riverside Ave Suite R200, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,The Masonic Cancer Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Chordomas are uncommon malignant neoplasms with notochordal differentiation encountered by neuropathologists, bone/soft tissue pathologists, and general surgical pathologists. These lesions most commonly arise in the axial skeleton. Optimal therapy typically involves complete surgical resection, which is often technically difficult owing to the anatomic location, leading to a high rate of recurrence. Lesions have been generally resistant to radiation and chemotherapy; however, experimental studies involving targeted therapy and immunotherapy are currently underway. OBJECTIVE.— To summarize the clinical and pathologic findings of the various types of chordoma (conventional chordoma, dedifferentiated chordoma, and poorly differentiated chordoma), the differential diagnosis, and recent advances in molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities that are reliant on accurate diagnosis. DATA SOURCES.— Literature review based on PubMed searches containing the term "chordoma" that address novel targeted and immunomodulatory therapeutic modalities; ongoing clinical trials involved in treating chordoma with novel therapeutic modalities identified through the Chordoma Foundation and ClinicalTrials.gov; and the authors' practice experience combined with various authoritative texts concerning the subject. CONCLUSIONS.— Chordoma is a clinically and histologically unique malignant neoplasm, and numerous diagnostic considerations must be excluded to establish the correct diagnosis. Treatment options have largely been centered on surgical excision with marginal results; however, novel therapeutic options including targeted therapy and immunotherapy are promising means to improve prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ulici
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jesse Hart
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yepes S, Shah NN, Bai J, Koka H, Li C, Gui S, McMaster ML, Xiao Y, Jones K, Wang M, Vogt A, Zhu B, Zhu B, Hutchinson A, Yeager M, Hicks B, Carter B, Freedman ND, Beane-Freeman L, Chanock SJ, Zhang Y, Parry DM, Yang XR, Goldstein AM. Rare Germline Variants in Chordoma-Related Genes and Chordoma Susceptibility. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112704. [PMID: 34070849 PMCID: PMC8197919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chordoma is an extremely rare bone cancer that has not been fully characterized and few risk factors have been identified, highlighting the need for improving our understanding of the disease biology. Our study aims to identify chordoma susceptibility genes by investigating 265 genes involved in chordoma-related signaling pathways and other biological processes on germline DNA of 138 chordoma patients of European ancestry compared to internal control datasets and general population databases. Results were intersected with whole genome sequencing data from 80 skull-base chordoma patients of Chinese ancestry. Several rare loss-of-function and predicted deleterious missense variants were enriched in chordoma cases in both datasets, suggesting a complex model of pathways potentially involved in chordoma development and susceptibility, warranting further investigation in larger studies. Abstract Background: Chordoma is a rare bone cancer with an unknown etiology. TBXT is the only chordoma susceptibility gene identified to date; germline single nucleotide variants and copy number variants in TBXT have been associated with chordoma susceptibility in familial and sporadic chordoma. However, the genetic susceptibility of chordoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated rare germline genetic variants in genes involved in TBXT/chordoma-related signaling pathways and other biological processes in chordoma patients from North America and China. Methods: We identified variants that were very rare in general population and internal control datasets and showed evidence for pathogenicity in 265 genes in a whole exome sequencing (WES) dataset of 138 chordoma patients of European ancestry and in a whole genome sequencing (WGS) dataset of 80 Chinese patients with skull base chordoma. Results: Rare and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 32 of 138 European ancestry patients (23%), including genes that are part of notochord development, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Sonic Hedgehog, SWI/SNF complex and mesoderm development pathways. Rare pathogenic variants in COL2A1, EXT1, PDK1, LRP2, TBXT and TSC2, among others, were also observed in Chinese patients. Conclusion: We identified several rare loss-of-function and predicted deleterious missense variants in germline DNA from patients with chordoma, which may influence chordoma predisposition and reflect a complex susceptibility, warranting further investigation in large studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Yepes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Nirav N. Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; (J.B.); (C.L.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hela Koka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; (J.B.); (C.L.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Songbai Gui
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; (J.B.); (C.L.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mary Lou McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Yanzi Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Aurelie Vogt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Brian Carter
- American Cancer Society, Inc, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Laura Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; (J.B.); (C.L.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Dilys M. Parry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
| | - Alisa M. Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.N.S.); (H.K.); (M.L.M.); (Y.X.); (K.J.); (M.W.); (A.V.); (B.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (M.Y.); (B.H.); (N.D.F.); (L.B.-F.); (S.J.C.); (D.M.P.); (X.R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (A.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai J, Shi J, Li C, Wang S, Zhang T, Hua X, Zhu B, Koka H, Wu HH, Song L, Wang D, Wang M, Zhou W, Ballew BJ, Zhu B, Hicks B, Mirabello L, Parry DM, Zhai Y, Li M, Du J, Wang J, Zhang S, Liu Q, Zhao P, Gui S, Goldstein AM, Zhang Y, Yang XR. Whole genome sequencing of skull-base chordoma reveals genomic alterations associated with recurrence and chordoma-specific survival. Nat Commun 2021; 12:757. [PMID: 33536423 PMCID: PMC7859411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with an unknown etiology and high recurrence rate. Here we conduct whole genome sequencing of 80 skull-base chordomas and identify PBRM1, a SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) complex subunit gene, as a significantly mutated driver gene. Genomic alterations in PBRM1 (12.5%) and homozygous deletions of the CDKN2A/2B locus are the most prevalent events. The combination of PBRM1 alterations and the chromosome 22q deletion, which involves another SWI/SNF gene (SMARCB1), shows strong associations with poor chordoma-specific survival (Hazard ratio [HR] = 10.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.81-39.64, p = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (HR = 4.30, 95% CI = 2.34-7.91, p = 2.77 × 10-6). Despite the low mutation rate, extensive somatic copy number alterations frequently occur, most of which are clonal and showed highly concordant profiles between paired primary and recurrence/metastasis samples, indicating their importance in chordoma initiation. In this work, our findings provide important biological and clinical insights into skull-base chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Bai
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hela Koka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ho-Hsiang Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Difei Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bari J Ballew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dilys M Parry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yixuan Zhai
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anshan Central Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gill CM, Fowkes M, Shrivastava RK. Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Chordomas: A Review of the Literature in the Genomic Era. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:E118-E123. [PMID: 31504814 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare primary malignant tumors of the bones that occur along the skull base, spine, and sacrum. Long-term survival and neurological outcome continue to be challenging with continued low percentages of long-term survival. Recent studies have used genome, exome, transcriptome, and proteome sequencing to assess the mutational profile of chordomas. Most notably, Brachyury, or T-protein, has been shown to be an early mutational event in chordoma evolution. Clinically actionable mutations, including in the PI3K pathway, were identified. Preliminary evidence suggests that there may be mutational differences associated with primary tumor location. In this study, we review the therapeutic landscape of chordomas and discuss emerging targets in the genomic era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Gill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Raj K Shrivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen M, Wu Y, Zhang H, Li S, Zhou J, Shen J. The Roles of Embryonic Transcription Factor BRACHYURY in Tumorigenesis and Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:961. [PMID: 32695672 PMCID: PMC7338565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor brachyury, with a DNA-binding T-domain, regulates posterior mesoderm formation and notochord development through binding with highly conserved palindromic consensus sequence in a variety of organisms. The absence of brachyury expression in majority of adult normal tissues and exclusive tumor-specific expression provides the potential to be developed into a novel and promising diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer. As a sensitive and specific marker in the diagnosis of chordoma, brachyury protein has been verified to involve in the process of carcinogenesis and progression of chordoma and several epithelial carcinomas in various studies, but the mechanism by which brachyury promotes tumor cells migrate, invade and metastasis still remains less clear. To this end, we attempt to summarize the literature on the upstream regulatory pathway of brachyury transcription and downstream controlling network by brachyury activation, all of which involve in both the embryonic development and tumor progression. We present the respective correlation of brachyury expression with tumor progression, distant metastasis, survival rate and prognosis in several types of tumor samples (including chordoma, lung cancer, breast carcinoma, and prostate cancer), and various brachyury gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments are summarized to explore its specific role in respective tumor cell line in vitro. In addition, we also discuss another two programs relating to brachyury function: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle control, both of which implicate in the regulation of brachyury on biological behavior of tumor cells. This review will provide an overview of the function of master transcriptional factor brachyury, compare the similarities and differences of its role between embryonic development and carcinogenesis, and list the evidence on which brachyury-target therapies have the potential to help control advanced cancer populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yinghui Wu
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Suoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chordomas: A review with emphasis on their pathophysiology, pathology, molecular biology, and genetics. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153089. [PMID: 32825957 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas are uncommon, bone, axial, or (rarely) extra-axial tumors that are malignant and frequently recur but less commonly metastasize. They usually affect adults, with a very small proportion being pediatric tumors. For children, such tumors present a different biology, since they are more common as scull rather than sacral tumors, with aggressive histological features, including a loss of SMARCB1/INI1 and a dismal prognosis. Histologically, chordomas, believed to derive from notochordal tissue, characteristically show physaliphorous cells in a myxoid or chondroid matrix. Dedifferentiated and poorly differentiated forms can be observed. Moreover, a grading scale for chordomas has been proposed. Cytokeratin, EMA, S100, and brachyury are expressed by most chordomas. These are chemo-resistant tumors, for which surgical resection and/or radiotherapy are the treatments of choice. In this review, the histological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical data of chordomas are discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Parry DM, McMaster ML, Liebsch NJ, Patronas NJ, Quezado MM, Zametkin D, Yang XR, Goldstein AM. Clinical findings in families with chordoma with and without T gene duplications and in patients with sporadic chordoma reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1399-1408. [PMID: 32559743 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns193505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insight into the role of germline genetics in the development of chordoma, the authors evaluated data from 2 sets of patients with familial chordoma, those with and without a germline duplication of the T gene (T-dup+ vs T-dup-), which was previously identified as a susceptibility mechanism in some families. The authors then compared the patients with familial tumors to patients with sporadic chordoma in the US general population reported to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program through 2015. METHODS Evaluation of family members included review of personal and family medical history, physical and neurological examination, and pre- and postcontrast MRI of the skull base and spine. Sixteen patients from 6 white families with chordoma had a chordoma diagnosis at family referral. Screening MR images of 35 relatives revealed clival lesions in 6, 4 of which were excised and confirmed to be chordoma. Thus, data were available for 20 patients with histologically confirmed familial chordoma. There were 1759 patients with histologically confirmed chordoma in SEER whose race was known. RESULTS The median age at chordoma diagnosis differed across the groups: it was lowest in T-dup+ familial patients (26.8 years, range 5.3-68.4 years); intermediate in T-dup- patients (46.2 years, range 11.8-60.1 years); and highest in SEER patients (57 years, range 0-98 years). There was a marked preponderance of skull base tumors in patients with familial chordoma (93% in T-dup+ and 83% in T-dup-) versus 38% in the SEER program (37% in white, 53% in black, and 48.5% in Asian/Pacific Islander/American Indian/Alaska Native patients). Furthermore, 29% of white and 16%-17% of nonwhite SEER patients had mobile-spine chordoma, versus no patients in the familial group. Several T-dup+ familial chordoma patients had putative second/multiple primary chordomas. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of young age at diagnosis, skull base presentation, or multiple primary chordomas should encourage careful review of family history for patients diagnosed with chordoma as well as screening of at-risk family members by MRI for early detection of chordoma. Furthermore, given genetic predisposition in some patients with familial chordoma, identification of a specific mutation in a family will permit surveillance to be limited to mutation carriers-and consideration should be given for imaging the entire neuraxis in any chordoma patient presenting at an early age or with a blood relative with chordoma. Finally, future studies should explore racial differences in age at diagnosis and presenting site in chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilys M Parry
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda
| | - Mary L McMaster
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda.,2Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Norbert J Liebsch
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Martha M Quezado
- 5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda; and
| | | | - Xiaohong R Yang
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ozair MZ, Shah PP, Mathios D, Lim M, Moss NS. New Prospects for Molecular Targets for Chordomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2020; 31:289-300. [PMID: 32147018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chordomas are malignant, highly recurrent tumors of the midline skeleton that arise from the remnants of the notochord. The development of systemic therapy is critically important to ultimately managing this tumor. Several ongoing trials are attempting to use molecular targeted therapies for mutated pathways in recurrent and advanced chordomas and have shown promise. In addition, immunotherapies, including brachyury-directed vaccination and checkpoint inhibition, have also been attempted with encouraging results. This article discusses the major pathways that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chordoma with an emphasis on molecular vulnerabilities that future therapies are attempting to exploit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeeshan Ozair
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pavan Pinkesh Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mathios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nelson S Moss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang D, Zhang P, Xu X, Wang J, Wang D, Peng P, Zheng C, Meng QJ, Yang L, Luo Z. Knockdown of cytokeratin 8 overcomes chemoresistance of chordoma cells by aggravating endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK/eIF2α arm of unfolded protein response and blocking autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:887. [PMID: 31767864 PMCID: PMC6877560 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a malignant primary osseous spinal tumor with pronounced chemoresistance. However, the mechanisms of how chordoma cells develop chemoresistance are still not fully understood. Cytokeratin 8 (KRT8) is a molecular marker of notochordal cells, from which chordoma cells were believed to be originated. In this study, we showed that either doxorubicin or irinotecan promoted KRT8 expression in both CM319 and UCH1 cell lines, accompanied by an increased unfolded protein response and autophagy activity. Then, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KRT8 chemosensitized chordoma cells in vitro. Mechanistic studies showed that knockdown of KRT8 followed by chemotherapy aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK/eIF2α arm of unfolded protein response and blocked late-stage autophagy. Moreover, suppression of the PERK/eIF2α arm of unfolded protein response using PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 partially rescued the apoptotic chordoma cells but did not reverse the blockage of the autophagy flux. Finally, tumor xenograft model further confirmed the chemosensitizing effects of siKRT8. This study represents the first systematic investigation into the role of KRT8 in chemoresistance of chordoma and our results highlight a possible strategy of targeting KRT8 to overcome chordoma chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pandi Peng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azad TD, Jiang B, Bettegowda C. Molecular foundations of primary spinal tumors-implications for surgical management. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:222. [PMID: 31297387 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary spinal tumors are rare lesions that require careful clinical management due to their intimate relationship with critical neurovascular structures and the significant associated risk of morbidity. While the advent of molecular and genomic profiling is beginning to impact the management of the cranial counterparts, translation for spinal tumors has lagged behind. Maximal safe surgical resection remains the mainstay of patients with primary spinal tumors, with extent of resection and histology the only consistently identified independent predictors of survival. Adjuvant therapy has had limited impact. To develop targeted neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, improve prognostication, and enhance patient selection in spinal oncology, a thorough understanding of the current molecular and genomic landscape of spinal tumors is required. In this review, we detail the epidemiology, current standard-of-care, and molecular features of the most commonly encountered intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCT), intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors, and primary spinal column malignancies (PSCM). We further discuss current efforts and future opportunities for integrating molecular advances in spinal oncology with clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tej D Azad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shah SR, David JM, Tippens ND, Mohyeldin A, Martinez-Gutierrez JC, Ganaha S, Schiapparelli P, Hamilton DH, Palena C, Levchenko A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Brachyury-YAP Regulatory Axis Drives Stemness and Growth in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 21:495-507. [PMID: 29020634 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular factors that define stem cell identity have recently emerged as oncogenic drivers. For instance, brachyury, a key developmental transcriptional factor, is also implicated in carcinogenesis, most notably of chordoma, through mechanisms that remain elusive. Here, we show that brachyury is a crucial regulator of stemness in chordoma and in more common aggressive cancers. Furthermore, this effect of brachyury is mediated by control of synthesis and stability of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key regulator of tissue growth and homeostasis, providing an unexpected mechanism of control of YAP expression. We further demonstrate that the brachyury-YAP regulatory pathway is associated with tumor aggressiveness. These results elucidate a mechanism of controlling both tumor stemness and aggressiveness through regulatory coupling of two developmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar R Shah
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, The Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin M David
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Tippens
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Mohyeldin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Sara Ganaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, The Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Duane H Hamilton
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhong H, Zhou Z, Lv GH, Li J, Zou MX. Letter to the Editor. Brachyury as prognostic biomarker in chordoma. J Neurosurg 2018; 129:273-275. [PMID: 29701545 DOI: 10.3171/2017.9.jns172108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- 1Central Hospital of Yi Yang, Yiyang, China; and
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- 1Central Hospital of Yi Yang, Yiyang, China; and
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- 2The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- 2The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- 2The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genetic susceptibility to bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a field synopsis and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18607-18626. [PMID: 29719630 PMCID: PMC5915097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic architecture of bone and soft tissue sarcomas susceptibility is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to comprehensively collect and meta-analyze the current knowledge on genetic susceptibility in these rare tumors. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between DNA variation and risk of developing sarcomas through searching PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To evaluate result credibility, summary evidence was graded according to the Venice criteria and false positive report probability (FPRP) was calculated to further validate result noteworthiness. Integrative analysis of genetic and eQTL (expression quantitative trait locus) data was coupled with network and pathway analysis to explore the hypothesis that specific cell functions are involved in sarcoma predisposition. Results We retrieved 90 eligible studies comprising 47,796 subjects (cases: 14,358, 30%) and investigating 1,126 polymorphisms involving 320 distinct genes. Meta-analysis identified 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with disease risk with a high (N=9), moderate (N=38) and low (N=8) level of evidence, findings being classified as noteworthy basically only when the level of evidence was high. The estimated joint population attributable risk for three independent SNPs (rs11599754 of ZNF365/EGR2, rs231775 of CTLA4, and rs454006 of PRKCG) was 37.2%. We also identified 53 SNPs significantly associated with sarcoma risk based on single studies.Pathway analysis enabled us to propose that sarcoma predisposition might be linked especially to germline variation of genes whose products are involved in the function of the DNA repair machinery. Conclusions We built the first knowledgebase on the evidence linking DNA variation to sarcomas susceptibility, which can be used to generate mechanistic hypotheses and inform future studies in this field of oncology.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tarpey PS, Behjati S, Young MD, Martincorena I, Alexandrov LB, Farndon SJ, Guzzo C, Hardy C, Latimer C, Butler AP, Teague JW, Shlien A, Futreal PA, Shah S, Bashashati A, Jamshidi F, Nielsen TO, Huntsman D, Baumhoer D, Brandner S, Wunder J, Dickson B, Cogswell P, Sommer J, Phillips JJ, Amary MF, Tirabosco R, Pillay N, Yip S, Stratton MR, Flanagan AM, Campbell PJ. The driver landscape of sporadic chordoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:890. [PMID: 29026114 PMCID: PMC5638846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a malignant, often incurable bone tumour showing notochordal differentiation. Here, we defined the somatic driver landscape of 104 cases of sporadic chordoma. We reveal somatic duplications of the notochordal transcription factor brachyury (T) in up to 27% of cases. These variants recapitulate the rearrangement architecture of the pathogenic germline duplications of T that underlie familial chordoma. In addition, we find potentially clinically actionable PI3K signalling mutations in 16% of cases. Intriguingly, one of the most frequently altered genes, mutated exclusively by inactivating mutation, was LYST (10%), which may represent a novel cancer gene in chordoma.Chordoma is a rare often incurable malignant bone tumour. Here, the authors investigate driver mutations of sporadic chordoma in 104 cases, revealing duplications in notochordal transcription factor brachyury (T), PI3K signalling mutations, and mutations in LYST, a potential novel cancer gene in chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Tarpey
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, CB2 1RH, UK
| | - Matthew D Young
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Sarah J Farndon
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charlotte Guzzo
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Claire Hardy
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Calli Latimer
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adam P Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jon W Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adam Shlien
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sohrab Shah
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Ali Bashashati
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Farzad Jamshidi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | | | - David Huntsman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jay Wunder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Brendan Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | | | - Josh Sommer
- Chordoma Foundation, PO Box 2127, Durham, NC, 27702, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - M Fernanda Amary
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen Yip
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bettegowda C, Yip S, Lo SFL, Fisher CG, Boriani S, Rhines LD, Wang JY, Lazary A, Gambarotti M, Wang WL, Luzzati A, Dekutoski MB, Bilsky MH, Chou D, Fehlings MG, McCarthy EF, Quraishi NA, Reynolds JJ, Sciubba DM, Williams RP, Wolinsky JP, Zadnik PL, Zhang M, Germscheid NM, Kalampoki V, Varga PP, Gokaslan ZL. Spinal column chordoma: prognostic significance of clinical variables and T (brachyury) gene SNP rs2305089 for local recurrence and overall survival. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:405-413. [PMID: 27663388 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive bony tumors associated with poor outcomes. Recently, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2305089 in the T (brachyury) gene was strongly associated with sporadic chordoma development, but its clinical utility is undetermined. Methods In 333 patients with spinal chordomas, we identified prognostic factors for local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival and assessed the prognostic significance of the rs2305089 SNP. Results The median LRFS was 5.2 years from the time of surgery (95% CI: 3.8-6.0); greater tumor volume (≥100cm3) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.26-3.15, P = .003) and Enneking inappropriate resections (HR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.37-4.03, P = .002) were independent predictors of LRFS. The median overall survival was 7.0 years (95% CI: 5.8-8.4), and was associated with older age at surgery (HR = 1.11 per 5-year increase, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21, P = .012) and previous surgical resection (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.03-2.89, P = .038). One hundred two of 109 patients (93.6%) with available pathologic specimens harbored the A variant at rs2305089; these patients had significantly improved survival compared with those lacking the variant (P = .001), but there was no association between SNP status and LRFS (P = .876). Conclusions The ability to achieve a wide en bloc resection at the time of the primary surgery is a critical preoperative consideration, as subtotal resections likely complicate later management. This is the first time the rs2305089 SNP has been implicated in the prognosis of individuals with chordoma, suggesting that screening all patients may be instructive for risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sheng-Fu Larry Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefano Boriani
- Department of Degenerative and Oncological Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laurence D Rhines
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joanna Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aron Lazary
- National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandro Luzzati
- Oncologia Ortopedica e Ricostruttiva del Rachide, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Mark B Dekutoski
- Department of Orthopedics, CORE Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark H Bilsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dean Chou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward F McCarthy
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nasir A Quraishi
- Center for Spine Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard P Williams
- Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Paul Wolinsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia L Zadnik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Vasiliki Kalampoki
- AO Clinical Investigation and Documentation, AO Foundation, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Pal Varga
- National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Otani R, Mukasa A, Shin M, Omata M, Takayanagi S, Tanaka S, Ueki K, Saito N. Brachyury gene copy number gain and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway: association with upregulation of oncogenic Brachyury expression in skull base chordoma. J Neurosurg 2017; 128:1428-1437. [PMID: 28753115 DOI: 10.3171/2016.12.jns161444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chordoma is a slow-growing but clinically malignant tumor, and the prognosis remains poor in many cases. There is a strong impetus to develop more effective targeted molecular therapies. On this basis, the authors investigated the potential of Brachyury, a transcription factor involved in notochord development, as a candidate molecular target for the treatment of chordoma. METHODS Brachyury gene copy number and expression levels were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 27 chordoma samples, and the transcriptomes of Brachyury high-expression tumors (n = 4) and Brachyury low-expression tumors (n = 4) were analyzed. A chordoma cell line (U-CH2) was used to investigate the signaling pathways that regulate Brachyury expression. RESULTS All chordoma specimens expressed Brachyury, and expression levels varied widely. Patients with higher Brachyury expression had significantly shorter progression-free survival (5 months, n = 11) than those with lower expression (13 months, n = 16) (p = 0.03). Somatic copy number gain was confirmed in 12 of 27 (44%) cases, and copy number was positively correlated with Brachyury expression (R = 0.61, p < 0.001). Expression of PI3K/Akt pathway genes was upregulated in Brachyury high-expression tumors, and suppression of PI3K signaling led to reduced Brachyury expression and inhibition of cell growth in the U-CH2 chordoma cell line. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and Brachyury copy number gain are strongly associated with Brachyury overexpression, which appears to be a key event in chordoma growth regulation. These findings suggest that targeting Brachyury and PI3K/Akt signaling may be an effective new approach for treating chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Otani
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and
| | - Masahiro Shin
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and
| | - Mayu Omata
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and
| | - Shunsaku Takayanagi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and
| | - Shota Tanaka
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and
| | - Keisuke Ueki
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Owen JH, Komarck CM, Wang AC, Abuzeid WM, Keep RF, McKean EL, Sullivan S, Fan X, Prince MEP. UM-Chor1: establishment and characterization of the first validated clival chordoma cell line. J Neurosurg 2017; 128:701-709. [PMID: 28430034 DOI: 10.3171/2016.10.jns16877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chordomas are rare malignant tumors thought to arise from remnants of the notochord. They can be located anywhere along the axial skeleton but are most commonly found in the clival and sacrococcygeal regions, where the notochord regresses during fetal development. Chordomas are resistant to many current therapies, leaving surgery as the primary method of treatment. Cancer cell lines have been useful for developing new cancer treatments in a laboratory setting that can then be transferred to the clinic, but there are only 4 validated chordoma cell lines available. The objective of this work was to establish chordoma cell lines from surgical tissue in order to expand the library of lines available for laboratory research. METHODS Chordoma tissue from the clivus was processed and sorted by flow cytometry to obtain an isolated population of chordoma cells. These cells were grown in culture and expanded until enough doublings to consider the line established. Identification of a chordoma cell line was made with known markers for chordoma, and the line was observed for ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) subpopulations and tested in serum-free growth conditions as well as in vivo. RESULTS A fifth chordoma cell line, UM-Chor1, was successfully established. This is the first chordoma cell line originating from the clivus. Validation was confirmed by phenotype and positivity for the chordoma markers CD24 and brachyury. The authors also attempted to identify an ALDHhigh cell population in UM-Chor1, UCH1, and UCH2 but did not detect a distinct population. UM-Chor1 cells were able to form spheroids in serum-free culture, were successfully transduced with luciferase, and could be injected parasacrally and grown in NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS The availability of this novel clival chordoma cell line for in vitro and in vivo research provides an opportunity for developments in treatment against the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Fan
- 2Neurosurgery, and.,3Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cooperation Between T-Box Factors Regulates the Continuous Segregation of Germ Layers During Vertebrate Embryogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 122:117-159. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
T-box genes are important development regulators in vertebrates with specific patterns of expression and precise roles during embryogenesis. They encode transcription factors that regulate gene transcription, often in the early stages of development. The hallmark of this family of proteins is the presence of a conserved DNA binding motif, the "T-domain." Mutations in T-box genes can cause developmental disorders in humans, mostly due to functional deficiency of the relevant proteins. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of some T-box genes in cancer and in cardiomyopathy, extending their role in human disease. In this review, we focus on ten T-box genes with a special emphasis on their roles in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T K Ghosh
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - J D Brook
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - A Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aleksic T, Browning L, Woodward M, Phillips R, Page S, Henderson S, Athanasou N, Ansorge O, Whitwell D, Pratap S, Hassan AB, Middleton MR, Macaulay VM. Durable Response of Spinal Chordoma to Combined Inhibition of IGF-1R and EGFR. Front Oncol 2016; 6:98. [PMID: 27200287 PMCID: PMC4852191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare primary malignant bone tumors arising from embryonal notochord remnants of the axial skeleton. Chordomas commonly recur following surgery and radiotherapy, and there is no effective systemic therapy. Previous studies implicated receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), in chordoma biology. We report an adult female patient who presented in 2003 with spinal chordoma, treated with surgery and radiotherapy. She underwent further surgery for recurrent chordoma in 2008, with subsequent progression in pelvic deposits. In June 2009, she was recruited onto the Phase I OSI-906-103 trial of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib with linsitinib, a novel inhibitor of IGF-1R/insulin receptor (INSR). Treatment with 100 mg QD erlotinib and 50 mg QD linsitinib was well-tolerated, and after 18 months a partial response was achieved by RECIST criteria. From 43 months, a protocol modification allowed intra-patient linsitinib dose escalation to 50 mg BID. The patient remained stable on trial treatment for a total of 5 years, discontinuing treatment in August 2014. She subsequently experienced further disease progression for which she underwent pelvic surgery in April 2015. Analysis of DNA extracted from 2008 (pre-trial) tissue showed that the tumor harbored wild-type EGFR, and a PIK3CA mutation was detected in plasma, but not tumor DNA. The 2015 (post-trial) tumor harbored a mutation of uncertain significance in ATM, with no detectable mutations in other components of a 50 gene panel, including EGFR, PIK3CA, and TP53. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor was positive for brachyury, the molecular hallmark of chordoma, and showed weak–moderate membrane and cytoplasmic EGFR. IGF-1R was detected in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm and was expressed more strongly in recurrent tumor than the primary. We also noted heterogeneous nuclear IGF-1R, which has been linked with sensitivity to IGF-1R inhibition. Similar variation in IGF-1R expression and subcellular localization was noted in 15 further cases of chordoma. In summary, this exceptionally durable response suggests that there may be merit in evaluating combined IGF-1R/INSR and EGFR inhibition in patients with chordomas that recur following failure of local treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford , UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Martha Woodward
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Rachel Phillips
- Department of Radiology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Suzanne Page
- BRC Oxford Molecular Diagnostic Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Shirley Henderson
- BRC Oxford Molecular Diagnostic Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Nicholas Athanasou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK
| | - Duncan Whitwell
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Sarah Pratap
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - A Bassim Hassan
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK; Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Putative oncogene Brachyury (T) is essential to specify cell fate but dispensable for notochord progenitor proliferation and EMT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3820-5. [PMID: 27006501 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601252113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Brachyury (T) gene is expressed throughout primary mesoderm (primitive streak and notochord) during early embryonic development and has been strongly implicated in the genesis of chordoma, a sarcoma of notochord cell origin. Additionally, T expression has been found in and proposed to play a role in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various other types of human tumors. However, the role of T in normal mammalian notochord development and function is still not well-understood. We have generated an inducible knockdown model to efficiently and selectively deplete T from notochord in mouse embryos. In combination with genetic lineage tracing, we show that T function is essential for maintaining notochord cell fate and function. Progenitors adopt predominantly a neural fate in the absence of T, consistent with an origin from a common chordoneural progenitor. However, T function is dispensable for progenitor cell survival, proliferation, and EMT, which has implications for the therapeutic targeting of T in chordoma and other cancers.
Collapse
|
31
|
David JM, Hamilton DH, Palena C. MUC1 upregulation promotes immune resistance in tumor cells undergoing brachyury-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117738. [PMID: 27141403 PMCID: PMC4839328 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular and cellular program in which epithelial cells lose their well-differentiated phenotype and adopt mesenchymal characteristics. This process, which occurs naturally during embryogenesis, has also been shown to be associated with cancer progression and with tumor recurrence following conventional therapies. Brachyury is a transcription factor that mediates EMT during development, and is aberrantly expressed in various human cancers where it promotes tumor cell EMT, metastatic dissemination, and resistance to conventional therapies. We have recently shown that very high expression of brachyury can protect tumor cells against immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In seeking to elucidate mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance, we have discovered a novel positive association between brachyury and mucin-1 (MUC1). MUC1 is overexpressed in the majority of carcinomas, and it has been shown to mediate oncogenic signaling and confer resistance to genotoxic agents. We found that MUC1 is concomitantly upregulated in tumor cell lines that highly express brachyury due to an enhancement of MUC1 mRNA stability. Analysis of patient lung tumor tissues also identified a positive association between these two proteins in the majority of samples. Inhibition of MUC1 by siRNA-based gene silencing markedly enhanced the susceptibility of brachyury-expressing cancer cells to killing by tumor necrosis-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and to perforin/granzyme-dependent lysis by immune cytotoxic cells. These studies confirm a protective role for MUC1 in brachyury-expressing cancer cells, and suggest that inhibition of MUC1 can restore the susceptibility of mesenchymal-like cancer cells to immune attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M David
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Duane H Hamilton
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang KE, Wu Z, Tian K, Wang L, Hao S, Zhang L, Zhang J. Familial chordoma: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2937-2940. [PMID: 26722267 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial skull base chordoma is a rare tumor derived from the remnants of the embryonic notochord. The present study describes the clinical presentation of 4 cases of skull base chordomas in a family. A 15-year-old female received staged surgeries and was pathologically confirmed with a diagnosis of skull base chordoma. Among the patient's family, 2 members had previously undergone surgery and were pathologically confirmed with chordomas; 1 family member had also received radiation therapy. Furthermore, the patient's cousin, an 18-year-old male, was confirmed to have this condition by epipharyngoscopy. All confirmed cases within the family remained alive with the condition. A literature review of familial chordoma was undertaken and 8 chordoma pedigrees were found. Familial chordoma was rare, with an estimated rate of 0.4% in all chordomas. The skull base was the predominant location for familial chordoma. Compared with sporadic chordoma, familial chordomas were diagnosed at a younger age. The brachyury gene was strongly associated with familial chordomas, however, the exact pathogenesis and genetics mechanisms remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Wang
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Kaibing Tian
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Division of Skull Base and Brainstem Tumors, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bertolessi M, Linta L, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Liebau S. A Fresh Look on T-Box Factor Action in Early Embryogenesis (T-Box Factors in Early Development). Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1833-51. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Bertolessi
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonhard Linta
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shaheen R, Alshail E, Alaqeel A, Ansari S, Hindieh F, Alkuraya FS. T (brachyury) is linked to a Mendelian form of neural tube defects in humans. Hum Genet 2015. [PMID: 26210634 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranad Shaheen
- Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Alshail
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaqeel
- Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shinu Ansari
- Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Hindieh
- Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Chordoma and chondrosarcoma represent 2 fundamentally different and challenging central skull base pathologies. Both are largely surgical diseases with varying outcomes based on completeness of resection. Adjuvant therapy is controversial, although radiation therapy is commonly employed postoperatively, and stereotactic radiosurgery is used either in primary management or treatment of local progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Van Gompel
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Janus
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Scheil-Bertram S. [Novel molecular aspects of chordomas]. DER PATHOLOGE 2014; 35 Suppl 2:237-41. [PMID: 25394972 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-014-1986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas are rare and slowly growing malignant bone tumors which mostly occur in adults. These bone tumors are characterized by epithelial and mesenchymal aspects. It is suggested that they arise from remnants of the notochord because they are found along the axial skeleton (e.g. clival, spinal and sacrococcygeal locations). It appears that cytogenetic aberrations are not randomly found in this tumor group. Loss of chromosomal material (e.g. 1p, 3p, 10q, 13q and 14q) is more frequently found than gain of material (e.g. 7q, especially 7q33). Several studies demonstrated brachyury expression (T; 6q27) as a possible candidate gene in the oncogenesis of chordomas (e.g. knock down in the chordoma cell line U-CH1). So far therapy consists of complete resection and irradiation, e.g. with carbon ions. Targeting therapy is not yet established in routine protocols but phase II studies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown partial response of tumors and, in some studies stabilization of the disease has been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Scheil-Bertram
- Institut für Pathologie und Zytologie, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland,
| |
Collapse
|