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Sone ED, McCulloch CA. Periodontal regeneration: Lessons from the periodontal ligament-cementum junction in diverse animal models. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The attachment of the roots of mammalian teeth of limited eruption to the jawbone is reliant in part on the mineralization of collagen fibrils of the periodontal ligament (PDL) at their entry into bone and cementum as Sharpey's fibers. In periodontitis, a high prevalence infection of periodontal tissues, the attachment apparatus of PDL to the tooth root is progressively destroyed. Despite the pervasiveness of periodontitis and its attendant health care costs, and regardless of decades of research into various possible treatments, reliable restoration of periodontal attachment after surgery is not achievable. Notably, treatment outcomes in animal studies have often demonstrated more positive regenerative outcomes than human clinical studies. Conceivably, defining how species diversity affects cementogenesis and cementum/PDL regeneration could be instructive for informing novel and more efficacious treatment strategies. Here we briefly review differences in cementum and PDL attachment in commonly used animal models to consider how species differences may lead to enhanced regenerative outcomes.
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Lee AHC, Neelakantan P, Dummer PMH, Zhang C. Cemental tear: Literature review, proposed classification and recommendations for treatment. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2044-2073. [PMID: 34403513 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cemental tears are an important condition of relevance to Endodontics but are often overlooked. A cemental tear is the partial or complete detachment of the cementum from the cemento-dentinal junction or along the incremental line within the body of cementum. The limited attention received is most likely due to the limited awareness amongst dental professionals and challenges in accurately diagnosing them, resulting in misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment. The aim of this review is to describe the: (i) epidemiology and predisposing factors; (ii) clinical, radiographic and histological features and (iii) the clinical management and treatment outcomes of cemental tear. The review included 37 articles published in English that comprised eight observational studies and 29 case reports. The prevalence of cemental tears was reported to be lower than 2%; whilst the incidence remains unknown. Internal factors due to the inherent structural weakness of cementum and its interface with the dentine, and external factors that are associated with stress have been proposed as the two mechanisms responsible for the development and propagation of cemental tears. Predisposing factors that have been implicated were tooth type, gender, age, previous root canal treatment, history of dental trauma, occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal force; however, evidence is limited. Common clinical and radiographic manifestations of cemental tears resemble the presentations of primary endodontic diseases, primary periodontal diseases and combined endodontic-periodontal lesions. Clinical management tended to focus on complete removal of the torn fragments and periodontal treatment, often combined with regenerative treatment. In this article, a new classification for cemental tears is developed that consists of classes 0 to 6 and stages A, B, C and D based on the: (i) location and accessibility of the torn cemental fragment; (ii) the pattern and extension of the associated bony defect in relation to the root length and (iii) the number of root surface/s affected by the cemental tear/s and the associated bony defect. Recommendations for treatment strategies are also provided and linked to the classification to aid in streamlining the process of treatment decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline H C Lee
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Glycosaminoglycans accelerate biomimetic collagen mineralization in a tissue-based in vitro model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12636-12642. [PMID: 32461359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914899117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian teeth are attached to the jawbone through an exquisitely controlled mineralization process: unmineralized collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament anchor directly into the outer layer of adjoining mineralized tissues (cementum and bone). The sharp interface between mineralized and nonmineralized collagenous tissues makes this an excellent model to study the mechanisms by which extracellular matrix macromolecules control collagen mineralization. While acidic phosphoproteins, localized in the mineralized tissues, play key roles in control of mineralization, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is less clear. As several proteoglycans are found only in the periodontal ligament, it has been hypothesized that these inhibit mineralization of collagen in this tissue. Here we used an in vitro model based on remineralization of mouse dental tissues to determine the role of matrix GAGs in control of mineralization. GAGs were selectively removed from demineralized mouse periodontal sections via enzymatic digestion. Proteomic analysis confirmed that enzymatic GAG removal does not significantly alter protein content. Analysis of remineralized tissue sections by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that GAG removal reduced the rate of remineralization in mineralized tissues compared to the untreated control, while the ligament remained unmineralized. Protein removal with trypsin also reduced the rate of mineralization, but to a lesser extent than GAG removal, despite a much larger effect on protein content. These results indicate that GAGs promote mineralization in mineralized dental tissues rather than inhibiting mineral formation in the ligament, which may have broader implications for understanding control of collagen mineralization in connective tissues.
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Alania Y, Creighton J, Trevelin LT, Zamperini CA, Bedran-Russo AK. Regional contribution of proteoglycans to the fracture toughness of the dentin extracellular matrix. J Biomech 2020; 101:109633. [PMID: 32035660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) to the fracture toughness of the dentin extracellular matrix (ECM) by enzymatically-assisted selective removal of glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) core protein. We adapted the Mode III trouser tear test to evaluate the energy required to tear the dentin ECM. Trouser-shaped dentin specimens from crown and root were demineralized. Depletion of GAGs and PGs followed enzymatic digestion using chondroitinase ABC (c-ABC) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), respectively. The legs from specimen were stretched under tensile force and the load at tear propagation was determined to calculate the tear energy (T, kJ/m2). SLRPs decorin and biglycan were visualized by immunohistochemistry and ECM tear pattern was analyzed in SEM. Results showed T of crown ECM was not affected by PGs/GAGs depletion (p = 0.799), whereas the removal of PGs significantly reduced T in root dentin ECM (p = 0.001). Root dentin ECM exhibited higher T than crown (p < 0.03), however no regional difference are present after PG depletion (p = 0.480). Immunohistochemistry confirmed removal of GAGs and PGs. SEM images showed structural modifications after PGs/GAGs removal such as enlargement of dentinal tubules, increased interfibrillar spaces and presence of untwisted fibrils with increased diameter. Findings indicate that the capacity of the PGs to unfold and untwist contribute to the dentin ECM resistance to tear, possibly influencing crack growth propagation. The regional differences are likely an evolutionary design to increase tooth survival, that undergoes repetitive mechanical loading and load stress dissipation over a lifetime of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Alania
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Johnathon Creighton
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Livia T Trevelin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul, Rua Santo Antônio 50, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil
| | - Camila A Zamperini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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5
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The pararadicular radiolucency with vital pulp: Clinicopathologic features of 21 cemental tears. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:680-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Guo Y, Guo W, Chen J, Tian Y, Chen G, Tian W, Bai D. Comparative study on differentiation of cervical-loop cells and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells under the induction of dental follicle cells in rat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6546. [PMID: 29695816 PMCID: PMC5916884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical loop cells (CLC) and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells are believed to play critical roles in distinct developmental patterns between rodent incisors and molars, respectively. However, the differences in differentiation between CLC and HERS cells, and their response to inductions from dental follicle cells, remain largely unknown. In present study, CLC and HERS cells, as well as incisor dental follicle (IF) cells and molar dental follicle (MF) cells were isolated from post-natal 7-day rats. IF and MF cell derived conditioned medium (CM) was obtained for induction of CLC and HERS cells. In vitro experiments, we found that, under the induction of dental follicle cell derived CM, CLC cells maintained the epithelial polygonal-shapes and formed massive minerals, while part of HERS cells underwent shape transformation and generated granular minerals. CLC cells expressed higher enamel-forming and mineralization related genes, while HERS cells showed opposite expression patterns of BMP2, BMP4, AMBN and AMGN. In vivo, CLC cells generated enamel-like tissues while HERS cells formed cementum-periodontal ligament-like structures. Taken together, CLC and HERS cells present distinct differentiation patterns under the inductions from dental follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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Arzate H, Zeichner-David M, Mercado-Celis G. Cementum proteins: role in cementogenesis, biomineralization, periodontium formation and regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:211-33. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Bertassoni LE, Swain MV. The contribution of proteoglycans to the mechanical behavior of mineralized tissues. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 38:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ishizeki K. Imaging analysis of osteogenic transformation of Meckel's chondrocytes from green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice during intrasplenic transplantation. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:608-19. [PMID: 22177216 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that Meckel's chondrocytes, which are derived from ectomesenchyme, have the potential to transform into osteogenic phenotypes. The present study aimed to clarify the role of cell origin in the phenotypic transformation of chondrocytes. Cell pellets from ectomesenchyme-derived Meckel's cartilage and mesoderm-derived costal cartilage from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice were transplanted into the spleen for up to 4 weeks. Chondrocyte pellets from both cartilages adapted well to the splenic tissues and formed an alizarin red-positive calcified matrix, with increasing duration of transplantation. Following the production of cartilage-specific type II and type X collagens, newly-formed type I collagen appeared in the chondrocyte pellets from Meckel's cartilage during the late stage of transplantation. Although the bone-marker proteins: osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin and bone morphogenetic protein-2, were detected in pellets from both Meckel's and costal cartilage, only type I collagen in Meckel's cartilage was a significant marker protein for detecting transformation. These bone-type protein-producing cells represented osteogenic cells transformed from GFP-expressing cells, rather than from recipient cells. These results indicate that neural crest-derived Meckel's cartilage displays a higher potential for phenotypic switching than mesoderm-derived costal chondrocytes under in vivo conditions.
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10
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Noguchi M, Tominaga K, Tanaka A, Ueda M. Hard tissue formation induced by synthetic oligopeptide derived from an enamel matrix derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.16.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Lallam-Laroye C, Baroukh B, Doucet P, Barritault D, Saffar JL, Colombier ML. ReGeneraTing Agents Matrix Therapy Regenerates a Functional Root Attachment in Hamsters with Periodontitis. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2359-67. [PMID: 21548712 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Lallam-Laroye
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Brigitte Baroukh
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Philippe Doucet
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS UMR7149, Université Paris-12, Creteil, France
- OTR3, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Saffar
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Marie-Laure Colombier
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
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12
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Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells do not transform into cementoblasts in rat molar cementogenesis. Ann Anat 2009; 191:547-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of human and rat cementum and its interface with root dentin. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:707-18. [PMID: 18829402 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work seeks to establish comparisons of the physical properties of rat and human cementum, root dentin and their interface, including the cementum-dentin junction (CDJ), as a basis for future studies of the entire periodontal complex using rats as animal models. In this study the structure, site-specific chemical composition and mechanical properties of cementum and its interface with root dentin taken from 9- to 12-month-old rats were compared to the physiologically equivalent 40- to 55-year-old human age group using qualitative and quantitative characterization techniques, including histology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), micro-X-ray computed tomography, Raman microspectroscopy and AFM-based nanoindentation. Based on results from this study, cementum taken from the apical third of the respective species can be represented as a woven fabric with radially and circumferentially oriented collagen fibers. In both species the attachment of cementum to root dentin is defined by a stiffness-graded interface (CDJ/cementum-dentin interface). However, it was concluded that cementum and the cementum-dentin interface from a 9- to 12-month-old rat could be more mineralized, resulting in noticeably decreased collagen fiber hydration and significantly higher modulus values under wet conditions for cementum and CDJ (E(rat-cementum)=12.7+/-2.6 GPa; E(rat-CDJ)=11.6+/-3.2 GPa) compared to a 40- to 55-year-old human (E(human-cementum)=3.73+/-1.8 GPa; E(human-CDJ)=1.5+/-0.7 GPa). The resulting data illustrated that the extensions of observations made from animal models to humans should be justified with substantial and equivalent comparison of data across age ranges (life spans) of mammalian species.
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Foster BL, Popowics TE, Fong HK, Somerman MJ. Advances in defining regulators of cementum development and periodontal regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2007; 78:47-126. [PMID: 17338915 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(06)78003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial advancements have been made in defining the cells and molecular signals that guide tooth crown morphogenesis and development. As a result, very encouraging progress has been made in regenerating crown tissues by using dental stem cells and recombining epithelial and mesenchymal tissues of specific developmental ages. To date, attempts to regenerate a complete tooth, including the critical periodontal tissues of the tooth root, have not been successful. This may be in part due to a lesser degree of understanding of the events leading to the initiation and development of root and periodontal tissues. Controversies still exist regarding the formation of periodontal tissues, including the origins and contributions of cells, the cues that direct root development, and the potential of these factors to direct regeneration of periodontal tissues when they are lost to disease. In recent years, great strides have been made in beginning to identify and characterize factors contributing to formation of the root and surrounding tissues, that is, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. This review focuses on the most exciting and important developments over the last 5 years toward defining the regulators of tooth root and periodontal tissue development, with special focus on cementogenesis and the potential for applying this knowledge toward developing regenerative therapies. Cells, genes, and proteins regulating root development are reviewed in a question-answer format in order to highlight areas of progress as well as areas of remaining uncertainty that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Foster
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Abstract
Periodontal regeneration and tissue engineering has re-awakened interest in the role of Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS), an epithelial tissue layer first discovered in amphibians more than a century ago. Using developmental, evolutionary, and cell biological approaches, we have, therefore, performed a careful analysis of the role of HERS in root formation and compared our data with clinical findings. Our developmental studies revealed HERS as a transient structure assembled in the early period of root formation and elongation and, subsequently, fenestrated and reduced to epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM). Our comparative evolutionary studies indicated that HERS fenestration was closely associated with the presence of a periodontal ligament and a gomphosis-type attachment apparatus in crocodilians and mammals. Based on these studies, we are proposing that HERS plays an important role in the regulation and maintenance of periodontal ligament space and function. Additional support for this hypothesis was rendered by our meta-analysis of recent clinical reports related to HERS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Luan
- Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics and Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Ueno A, Yamashita K, Miyoshi K, Horiguchi T, Ruspita I, Abe K, Noma T. Soluble matrix from osteoblastic cells induces mineralization by dental pulp cells. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2006; 53:297-302. [PMID: 16953068 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.53.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp cells have a capacity to differentiate into mineralization-inducing cells. To clarify the molecular mechanism, we established an in vitro mineralization-inducing system by rat clonal dental pulp cell line, RPC-C2A, and tried to purify a mineralization-inducing factor in conditioned medium (CM) from pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The active factor was impermeable to an ultrafiltration membrane, and sedimented by ultracentrifugation. The sedimented factor was found as a needle-like structure about 1.3 microm in average length as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The factor contained type I collagen, suggesting not a matrix vesicle, but a soluble matrix. The mineralization-inducing activity was also detected in CM from primary culture of rat calvaria (RC) cells. These results suggested that the soluble matrices from osteoblastic cells serve, at least in part, as differentiation-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemichi Ueno
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Yamamoto T, Domon T, Takahashi S, Anjuman KAY, Fukushima C, Wakita M. Mineralization process during acellular cementogenesis in rat molars: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study using fresh-frozen sections. Histochem Cell Biol 2006; 127:303-11. [PMID: 17043865 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-006-0242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to detect tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) by Azo-dye staining, calcium by glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA) staining, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) by immunoperoxidase staining in developing rat molars, and also to discuss the mineralization process during acellular cementogenesis. To restrain a reduction in histochemical and immunohistochemical reactions, fresh-frozen undemineralized sections were prepared. Where the epithelial sheath was intact, TNSALP reaction was observed in the dental follicle, but not in the epithelial sheath. With the onset of dentin mineralization, the BSP- and OPN-immunoreactive, initial cementum layer appeared. At this point, cementoblasts had shown intense TNSALP reaction and GBHA reactive particles (=calcium-GBHA complex) appeared on the root surface. With further development, the reaction of TNSALP and GBHA became weak on the root surface. Previous studies have shown that the initial cementum is fibril-poor and that matrix vesicles and calciferous spherules appear on the root surface only during the initial cementogenesis. The findings mentioned above suggest that: during the initial cementogenesis, cementoblasts release matrix vesicles which result in calciferous spherules, corresponding to the GBHA reactive particles. The calciferous spherules trigger the mineralization of the initial cementum. After principal fiber attachment, mineralization advances along collagen fibrils without matrix vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7 Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
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Lao M, Marino V, Bartold PM. Immunohistochemical Study of Bone Sialoprotein and Osteopontin in Healthy and Diseased Root Surfaces. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1665-73. [PMID: 17032108 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is marked by inflammation and damage to tooth-supporting tissues. In particular, damage occurs to factors present in cementum that are thought to have the ability to influence the regeneration of surrounding tissues. Bone sialoprotein and osteopontin are major non-collagenous proteins in mineralized connective tissues associated with precementoblast chemo-attraction, adhesion to the root surface, and cell differentiation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the expression and distribution of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin on root surfaces affected by periodontitis are altered compared to healthy, non-diseased root surfaces. METHODS Thirty healthy and 30 periodontitis-affected teeth were collected. Following fixation and demineralization, specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and exposed to antibodies against bone sialoprotein and osteopontin. Stained sections were assessed using light microscopy. RESULTS Bone sialoprotein was not detected in the exposed cementum (absence of overlying periodontal ligament) of diseased teeth. In most areas where the periodontal ligament was intact, bone sialoprotein was detected for healthy and diseased teeth. For teeth reactive for bone sialoprotein, the matrix of the cementum just below the periodontal ligament was moderately stained. A similar immunoreactivity pattern for osteopontin was observed. CONCLUSIONS The absence of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin staining along exposed cementum surfaces may be due to structural and compositional changes in matrix components associated with periodontal disease. This may influence the ability for regeneration and new connective tissue attachment onto previously diseased root surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lao
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Center, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Arambawatta AKS, Yamamoto T, Wakita M. An immunohistochemical study of the attachment mechanisms in different kinds of adhesive interfaces in teeth and alveolar bone of the rat. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:259-65. [PMID: 16827718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine the histological and immunohistochemical nature of different kinds of adhesive interfaces in the rat molar region under identical experimental conditions and to discuss the structural and functional similarities between these adhesive interfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four kinds of adhesive interfaces - an initial attachment layer for principal fibers on the developing alveolar bone surface, a reattachment layer for principal fibers on resorbed alveolar bone surface, cement lines on the alveolar bone surface unrelated to the principal fibers, and the cemento-dentinal junction - were examined in 25-d-old male Wistar rats. Routine histological staining, immunohistochemical staining for bone sialoprotein and osteopontin, and digestion tests with trypsin were conducted. RESULTS The adhesive interfaces showed very similar histological and immunohistochemical features: they were intensely hematoxylin-stainable, deficient in collagen fibrils, and rich in bone sialoprotein and osteopontin. After trypsin treatment the four adhesive interfaces had lost immunoreactivity to bone sialoprotein and osteopontin, and the two adjacent tissue parts held together finally separated at the adhesive interfaces. CONCLUSION The above findings suggest that (i) the different types of adhesive interfaces in the rat molar region have a common structure in that they are filled with highly accumulated bone sialoprotein and osteopontin and deficient in collagen fibrils; (ii) accumulated bone sialoprotein and osteopontin are closely associated with the adhesion at the interfaces; and (iii) the adhesive interfaces have a similar developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K S Arambawatta
- Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Zeichner-David
- Centre for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Division of Surgical, Therapeutics and Bioengineering Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Moriyama K, Sahara N, Kageyama T, Misawa Y, Hosoya A, Ozawa H. Scanning electron microscopy of the three different types of cementum in the molar teeth of the guinea pig. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51:439-48. [PMID: 16620777 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 04/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the three-dimensional distribution and structural characteristics of the three different types of cementum in the molar teeth of guinea pig by means of scanning electron microscopy. Twenty-five 4-week-old male guinea pigs were used in this study. Using decalcified and undecalcified specimens with or without NaOH maceration, we examined the mandibles, maxillae and extracted molars by scanning electron microscopy. Guinea pig molars consist of two longitudinal, deeply folded lamina cores covered by enamel on all surfaces, except the buccal surface of the upper molars and the lingual surface of the lower molars. In the regions without enamel, we observed continuous thin belt-like layers of conventional acellular cementum on the dentin surface. On the enamel-covered surfaces, two different types of coronal cementum were found: small circular islands of coronal cementum called cementum pearls, which were distributed widely at almost regular intervals on the peripheral enamel surface from the apical fifth to the occlusal surface; and cartilage-like cementum, which occupied almost all of the occlusal half of the two longitudinally folded grooves. The present study demonstrated the unique distribution pattern of the three different types of cementum in guinea pig molars. These cementum types may contribute to the requirements for many different functions such as mastication, anchorage and continuous tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Moriyama
- Institute for Dental Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nanci
- Department of Stomatology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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