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Park E, Wang X, Subasi NB, Kmeid M, Higgins PJ, Chen A, Lee H. SEPT9 and PAI-1 are immunohistochemical biomarkers of the hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:483. [PMID: 40192891 PMCID: PMC11977054 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septin 9 (SEPT9) interacts with multiple oncogenic proteins and is expressed abnormally in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promotes tumor formation and progression by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. CXCR2+ immune cells play a crucial role in HCC formation, progression, and prognosis. The relationship between SEPT9 and PAI-1, and their impact on the HCC immune microenvironment remains unclear. METHODS Expression levels of SEPT9 and PAI-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HCC and background benign liver (n = 76). Their IHC results were examined for relationships with immune cell markers (CXCR2, CD3, CD15, CD68, and CD163), clinical parameters, and survival outcomes. RESULTS Higher grade HCC expressed SEPT9 and PAI-1 more frequently. SEPT9 and PAI-1 expression were associated with each other. PAI-1(+) HCCs had higher intratumoral CXCR2, CD3, CD15, CD68, and CD163 expression compared to PAI-1(-) HCCs, while SEPT9 expression correlated with greater CXCR2+ and CD15+ cell counts in tumor. SEPT9(+) HCC patients had shorter OS, although SEPT9 was not an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION SEPT9 is associated with PAI-1, a pro-tumorigenic protein. Both SEPT9 and PAI-1 are linked to advanced HCC grades. SEPT9 and PAI-1 positive HCCs have distinct CXCR2+ immune cell landscapes. Further investigation is needed to elucidate a possible SEPT9/PAI-1 interaction and the clinical utility of SEPT9 IHC in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eundong Park
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, Mail Code 8112208, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, Mail Code 8112208, USA
| | - Nusret Bekir Subasi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, Mail Code 8112208, USA
| | - Michel Kmeid
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, Mail Code 8112208, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anne Chen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, Mail Code 8112208, USA
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hwajeong Lee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, Mail Code 8112208, USA.
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2
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Wang W, Zhang X, Gui P, Zou Q, Nie Y, Ma S, Zhang S. SEPT9: From pan-cancer to lung squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1105. [PMID: 39237897 PMCID: PMC11375884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SEPT9 is a pivotal cytoskeletal GTPase that regulates diverse biological processes encompassing mitosis and cytokinesis. While previous studies have implicated SEPT9 in tumorigenesis and development; comprehensive pan-cancer analyses have not been performed. This study aims to systematically explore its role in cancer screening, prognosis, and treatment, addressing this critical gap. METHODS Gene and protein expression data containing clinical information were obtained from public databases for pan-cancer analyses. Additionally, clinical samples from 90 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were used to further experimentally validate the clinical significance of SEPT9. In addition, the molecular docking tool was used to analyze the affinities between SEPT9 protein and drugs. RESULTS SEPT9 is highly expressed in various cancers, and its aberrant expression correlates with genetic alternations and epigenetic modifications, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Take LUSC as an example, additional dataset analyses and immunohistochemical experiments further confirm the diagnostic and prognostic values as well as the clinical relevance of the SEPT9 gene and protein. Functional enrichment, single-cell expression, and immune infiltration analyses revealed that SEPT9 promotes malignant tumor progression and modulates the immune microenvironments, enabling patients to benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, drug sensitivity and molecular docking analyses showed that SEPT9 is associated with the sensitivity and resistance of multiple drugs and has stable binding activity with them, including Vorinostat and OTS-964. To harness its prognostic and therapeutic potential in LUSC, a mitotic spindle-associated prognostic model including SEPT9, HSF1, ARAP3, KIF20B, FAM83D, TUBB8, and several clinical characteristics, was developed. This model not only improves clinical outcome predictions but also reshapes the immune microenvironment, making immunotherapy more effective for LUSC patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to systematically analyze the role of SEPT9 in cancers and innovatively apply the mitotic spindle-associated model to LUSC, fully demonstrating its potential as a valuable biomarker for cancer screening and prognosis, and highlighting its application value in promoting immunotherapy and chemotherapy, particularly for LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Gui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qizhen Zou
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzhou Nie
- Department of the Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Torraca V, Bielecka MK, Gomes MC, Brokatzky D, Busch‐Nentwich EM, Mostowy S. Zebrafish null mutants of Sept6 and Sept15 are viable but more susceptible to Shigella infection. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:266-274. [PMID: 36855298 PMCID: PMC10952258 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Septins are evolutionarily conserved GTP-binding proteins known for their roles in cell division and host defence against Shigella infection. Although septin group members are viewed to function as hetero-oligomeric complexes, the role of individual septins within these complexes or in isolation is poorly understood. Decades of work using mouse models has shown that some septins (including SEPT7) are essential for animal development, while others (including SEPT6) are dispensable, suggesting that some septins may compensate for the absence of others. The zebrafish genome encodes 19 septin genes, representing the full complement of septin groups described in mice and humans. In this report, we characterise null mutants for zebrafish Sept6 (a member of the SEPT6 group) and Sept15 (a member of the SEPT7 group) and test their role in zebrafish development and host defence against Shigella infection. We show that null mutants for Sept6 and Sept15 are both viable, and that expression of other zebrafish septins are not significantly affected by their mutation. Consistent with previous reports using knockdown of Sept2, Sept7b, and Sept15, we show that Sept6 and Sept15 are required for host defence against Shigella infection. These results highlight Shigella infection of zebrafish as a powerful system to study the role of individual septins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection BiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WestminsterLondonUK
| | | | - Margarida C. Gomes
- Department of Infection BiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Dominik Brokatzky
- Department of Infection BiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch‐Nentwich
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection BiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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4
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Phatarpekar PV, Overlee BL, Leehan A, Wilton KM, Ham H, Billadeau DD. The septin cytoskeleton regulates natural killer cell lytic granule release. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152040. [PMID: 32841357 PMCID: PMC7594501 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell–mediated killing involves the membrane fusion of preformed lytic granules. While the roles of actin and microtubules are well accepted during this process, the function of septins, another cytoskeletal component that associates with actin and microtubules, has not been investigated. Here we show that genetic depletion or pharmacologic stabilization of the septin cytoskeleton significantly inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity. Although the stabilization of septin filaments impaired conjugate formation, depletion of septin proteins had no impact on conjugate formation, lytic granule convergence, or MTOC polarization to the cytotoxic synapse (CS). Interestingly, septins copurify and accumulate near the polarized lytic granules at the CS, where they regulate lytic granule release. Mechanistically, we find that septin 7 interacts with the SNARE protein syntaxin 11 and facilitates its interaction with syntaxin binding protein 2 to promote lytic granule fusion. Altogether, our data identify a critical role for septins in regulating the release of lytic granule contents during NK cell–mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany L Overlee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexander Leehan
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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5
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Mastrogiovanni M, Juzans M, Alcover A, Di Bartolo V. Coordinating Cytoskeleton and Molecular Traffic in T Cell Migration, Activation, and Effector Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591348. [PMID: 33195256 PMCID: PMC7609836 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic localization of receptors and signaling molecules at the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicular compartments is crucial for T lymphocyte sensing environmental cues, triggering membrane receptors, recruiting signaling molecules, and fine-tuning of intracellular signals. The orchestrated action of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and intracellular vesicle traffic plays a key role in all these events that together ensure important steps in T cell physiology. These include extravasation and migration through lymphoid and peripheral tissues, T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells, T cell receptor (TCR) triggering by cognate antigen-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes, immunological synapse formation, cell activation, and effector functions. Cytoskeletal and vesicle traffic dynamics and their interplay are coordinated by a variety of regulatory molecules. Among them, polarity regulators and membrane-cytoskeleton linkers are master controllers of this interplay. Here, we review the various ways the T cell plasma membrane, receptors, and their signaling machinery interplay with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and with intracellular vesicular compartments. We highlight the importance of this fine-tuned crosstalk in three key stages of T cell biology involving cell polarization: T cell migration in response to chemokines, immunological synapse formation in response to antigen cues, and effector functions. Finally, we discuss two examples of perturbation of this interplay in pathological settings, such as HIV-1 infection and mutation of the polarity regulator and tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) that leads to familial polyposis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie Juzans
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer – Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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6
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Novel Functions of the Septin Cytoskeleton: Shaping Up Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:40-51. [PMID: 33039354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases cause profound alterations in tissue homeostasis, including unchecked activation of immune and nonimmune cells leading to disease complications such as aberrant tissue repair and fibrosis. Current anti-inflammatory therapies are often insufficient in preventing or reversing these complications. Remodeling of the intracellular cytoskeleton is critical for cell activation in inflamed and fibrotic tissues; however, the cytoskeleton has not been adequately explored as a therapeutic target in inflammation. Septins are GTP-binding proteins that self-assemble into higher order cytoskeletal structures. The septin cytoskeleton exhibits a number of critical cellular functions, including regulation of cell shape and polarity, cytokinesis, cell migration, vesicle trafficking, and receptor signaling. Surprisingly, little is known about the role of the septin cytoskeleton in inflammation. This article reviews emerging evidence implicating different septins in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions, immune cell functions, and tissue fibrosis. Targeting of the septin cytoskeleton as a potential future therapeutic intervention in human inflammatory and fibrotic diseases is also discussed.
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7
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Gönczi M, Dienes B, Dobrosi N, Fodor J, Balogh N, Oláh T, Csernoch L. Septins, a cytoskeletal protein family, with emerging role in striated muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 42:251-265. [PMID: 31955380 PMCID: PMC8332580 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-020-09573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate organization of cytoskeletal components are required for normal distribution and intracellular localization of different ion channels and proteins involved in calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, and contractile function of striated muscle. Proteins of the contractile system are in direct or indirect connection with the extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton. A number of other molecules which have essential role in regulating stretch-, voltage-, and chemical signal transduction from the surface into the cytoplasm or other intracellular compartments are already well characterized. Sarcomere, the basic contractile unit, is comprised of a precisely organized system of thin (actin), and thick (myosin) filaments. Intermediate filaments connect the sarcomeres and other organelles (mitochondria and nucleus), and are responsible for the cellular integrity. Interacting proteins have a very diverse function in coupling of the intracellular assembly components and regulating the normal physiological function. Despite the more and more intense investigations of a new cytoskeletal protein family, the septins, only limited information is available regarding their expression and role in striated, especially in skeletal muscles. In this review we collected basic and specified knowledge regarding this protein group and emphasize the importance of this emerging field in skeletal muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Nóra Dobrosi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.
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8
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Septins are critical regulators of osteoclastic bone resorption. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13016. [PMID: 30158637 PMCID: PMC6115361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are known to play key roles in supporting cytoskeletal stability, vesicular transport, endo-/exocytosis, stabilizing cellular membranes and forming diffusion barriers. Their function in mammalian cells is poorly investigated. The osteoclast offers an interesting tool to investigate septins because all cellular activities septins were reported to be involved in are critical for osteoclasts. However, the existence of septins in osteoclasts has not even been reported. Here we show that the SEPT9 gene and Septin 9 (SEPT9) protein are expressed and synthesized during differentiation of human osteoclasts. Pharmacological stabilization of septin filaments dose dependently inhibits bone resorption of human osteoclasts in vitro suggesting a role for septins in bone resorption. Attesting to this, conditional deletion of Sept9 in mice leads to elevated levels of trabecular bone and diminished femoral growth in vivo. Finally, systematic interrogation of the spatial organization of SEPT9 by confocal microscopy reveals that SEPT9 is closely associated to the structures known to be critical for osteoclast activity. We propose that septins in general and SEPT9 in particular play a previously unappreciated role in osteoclastic bone resorption.
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9
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Mormile R. Acute myocardial infarction or stroke in occult colorectal cancer: Epiphenomena of the degree of epigenetic deregulation of SEPT9 gene? Immunol Lett 2017; 181:116-117. [PMID: 27838469 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mormile
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Moscati Hospital, Aversa, Italy.
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10
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Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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11
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Chuk R, Sheppard M, Wallace G, Coman D. Pediatric Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy: Successful Treatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Insights Into SEPT9 Pathogenesis. Child Neurol Open 2016; 3:2329048X16668970. [PMID: 28503616 PMCID: PMC5417342 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x16668970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy is a rare disorder characterized by the sudden onset of recurrent episodes of painful brachial plexus neuropathies, followed by atrophy within a few weeks. The authors present the case of a 5-year-old boy who developed hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy in the right upper limb after a gastroenteritis illness. He made a full and rapid recovery with the use of intravenous immunoglobulin. A subsequent episode in the left upper limb during the course of intravenous immunoglobulin was significantly attenuated. A de novo c.262C>T mutation in exon 2 of the SEPT9 gene was identified. To our knowledge, he is the first pediatric patient with SEPT9 hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy to be treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. The authors hypothesize that the c.262C>T mutation in exon 2 of the SEPT9 gene generates pathology via the numerous isoforms under specific conditions and that intravenous immunoglobulin can play a role at the epigenetic level of improving dysfunctional SEPT9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Chuk
- Discipline of Paediatrics, UnitingCare Health Clinical School, Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Sheppard
- Department of Neurosciences, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoff Wallace
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Neurosciences, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Discipline of Paediatrics, UnitingCare Health Clinical School, Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Neurosciences, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Menon MB, Gaestel M. Sep(t)arate or not – how some cells take septin-independent routes through cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1877-86. [PMID: 25690008 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division, and is a process that requires a precisely coordinated molecular machinery to fully separate the cytoplasm of the parent cell and to establish the intact outer cell barrier of the daughter cells. Among various cytoskeletal proteins involved, septins are known to be essential mediators of cytokinesis. In this Commentary, we present recent observations that specific cell divisions can proceed in the absence of the core mammalian septin SEPT7 and its Drosophila homolog Peanut (Pnut) and that thus challenge the view that septins have an essential role in cytokinesis. In the pnut mutant neuroepithelium, orthogonal cell divisions are successfully completed. Similarly, in the mouse, Sept7-null mutant early embryonic cells and, more importantly, planktonically growing adult hematopoietic cells undergo productive proliferation. Hence, as discussed here, mechanisms must exist that compensate for the lack of SEPT7 and the other core septins in a cell-type-specific manner. Despite there being crucial non-canonical immune-relevant functions of septins, septin depletion is well tolerated by the hematopoietic system. Thus differential targeting of cytokinesis could form the basis for more specific anti-proliferative therapies to combat malignancies arising from cell types that require septins for cytokinesis, such as carcinomas and sarcomas, without impairing hematopoiesis that is less dependent on septin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj B Menon
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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13
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Hu T, Ciccarelli BT. Thinking outside of ABL1 for resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a perspective of the SEPT9-ABL1 fusion protein. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1399-400. [PMID: 25449686 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; the New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Bryan T Ciccarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; the New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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Dolat L, Hu Q, Spiliotis ET. Septin functions in organ system physiology and pathology. Biol Chem 2014; 395:123-41. [PMID: 24114910 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human septins comprise a family of 13 genes that encode for >30 protein isoforms with ubiquitous and tissue-specific expressions. Septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into higher-order oligomers and filamentous polymers, which associate with cell membranes and the cytoskeleton. In the last decade, much progress has been made in understanding the biochemical properties and cell biological functions of septins. In parallel, a growing number of studies show that septins play important roles for the development and physiology of specific tissues and organs. Here, we review the expression and function of septins in the cardiovascular, immune, nervous, urinary, digestive, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive, and integumentary organ systems. Furthermore, we discuss how the tissue-specific functions of septins relate to the pathology of human diseases that arise from aberrations in septin expression.
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Mostowy S, Bi E, Füchtbauer EM, Goryachev AB, Montagna C, Nagata KI, Trimble WS, Werner HB, Yao X, Zieger B, Spiliotis ET. Highlight: the 5th International Workshop on Septin Biology. Biol Chem 2014; 395:119-21. [PMID: 24334412 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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